Ecosystem service flows(ESFs)can reveal the interrelationships and impacts between natural systems and human activities.We can improve the stability and sustainability of ecosystems,more effectively utilize natural re...Ecosystem service flows(ESFs)can reveal the interrelationships and impacts between natural systems and human activities.We can improve the stability and sustainability of ecosystems,more effectively utilize natural resources,protect the environment,and enhance the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature by comprehending ESFs.However,few studies have examined ESFs across scales and evaluated their sustainability;most have concentrated on regional scales.In order to quantify and analyze ESFs within the Jing River Basin(JRB)and between the JRB and the adjacent and distant regions from a water-food-energy perspective,this paper employs a meta-coupling framework.Additionally,it evaluates the sustainability of these flows using a techno-ecological synergy framework.The results show that the ESFs within the JRB was significant in 2020.Water production services were concentrated in the southern part of the JRB,while the distribution of food supply and carbon supply services was relatively even.Huan County emerged as the largest exporting county,providing 1.46×10^(8)kg of food to other counties and exporting 2.97×10^(6)kg of energy.The ESFs in the JRB primarily moved towards the neighboring and distant systems.Water production services flowed into the Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration(GPUA),amounting to 5.8×10^(6)kg.Carbon supply services flowed out at 2.4×10^(5)kg,and food exports were the highest,reaching 5.0×10^(7)kg.The ecosystem service flows from the JRB to both the neighboring and distant systems enhanced food security and ecological resilience.The basin itself demonstrated good sustainability in food supply services,with an index value reaching 48.19.In crossscale calculations of food production sustainability with the adjacent GPUA,the index value increased from 48.19 to 52.99,indicating a significant improvement.These findings demonstrate that applying the meta-coupling framework provides an effective approach to quantify ESFs and assess their sustainability across scales.展开更多
Assessments of ecological importance based on static indexes that do not consider service flows frequently underestimate the importance of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a"source".On the basis of natural envir...Assessments of ecological importance based on static indexes that do not consider service flows frequently underestimate the importance of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a"source".On the basis of natural environmental characteristics,this study selected six type of ecosystem services for evaluation,including water retention,soil retention,carbon sequestration,biodiversity conservation,sandstorm prevention,and tourism.According to the attributes of each ecosystem service flow,we calculated the flow length and traffic accessibility indexes,using Arc GIS hydrological module and kernel functions separately,to comprehensively analyse the ecological importance levels of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Results showed that after considering the service flows,the ecologically important zone shifted to the core area of the Three River Source Region,such as Zadoi County located in the Tanggula Mountains.The area of extreme importance is mainly distributed in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin,Tanggula Mountains,Hengduan Mountains,and Qilian Mountains,which accounts for 31.7%of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,providing approximately 60%of the ecosystem services and having extremely high protection efficiency and protection value.By introducing ecosystem service flow indexes,this study confirmed the ecological importance of core source areas such as the Tanggula Mountains,weakened the space bias caused by not considering the spatial transfer of ecosystem services,and provided technical support for optimizing ecological protection strategies and coordinating regional development.展开更多
Data pre-deployment in the HDFS （Hadoop distributed file systems） is more complicated than that in traditional file systems. There are many key issues need to be addressed, such as determining the target location of...Data pre-deployment in the HDFS （Hadoop distributed file systems） is more complicated than that in traditional file systems. There are many key issues need to be addressed, such as determining the target location of the data prefetching, the amount of data to be prefetched, the balance between data prefetching services and normal data accesses. Aiming to solve these problems, we employ the characteristics of digital ocean information service flows and propose a deployment scheme which combines input data prefetching with output data oriented storage strategies. The method achieves the parallelism of data preparation and data processing, thereby massively reducing I/O time cost of digital ocean cloud computing platforms when processing multi-source information synergistic tasks. The experimental results show that the scheme has a higher degree of parallelism than traditional Hadoop mechanisms, shortens the waiting time of a running service node, and significantly reduces data access conflicts.展开更多
The equilibrium between the supply and demand of water purification services is essential for safeguarding watershed ecosystems and supporting sustainable socio-economic growth.While current research mainly emphasizes...The equilibrium between the supply and demand of water purification services is essential for safeguarding watershed ecosystems and supporting sustainable socio-economic growth.While current research mainly emphasizes the static analysis of this balance,dynamic investigations into service flow characteristics remain scarce.This study focuses on the Xiangjiang River Basin in southern China,utilizing the InVEST model,differential equations governing supply and demand,and social network analysis to investigate the spatio-temporal patterns of water purification service supply and demand.The results reveal that between 2000 and 2020,the supply of water purification services showed a slight upward trend,while demand exhibited a fluctuating downward tendency,and the supply-demand surplus fluctuated.On an annual basis,the supply generally met the demand,but significant spatial variation in supply-demand balance was observed,with high-risk zones concentrated in the central Hengshao arid corridor and the northern Changzhutan metropolitan area.In the water purification service network,surplus nodes increased,while deficit nodes decreased over time.Network density improved from 98.96%in 2000 to 100%in 2020.The flow of surplus services from upstream regions alleviated supply-demand imbalances downstream,notably in the Hengyang-Shaoyang(Hengshao)arid corridor and the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan(Changzhutan)metropolitan area.However,during drought years,diminished water volume intensified supply-demand pressures in these regions.This research framework,which incorporates the dynamic effects of service flow,broadens the scope of water purification service studies and provides a solid foundation for integrated water resource and environmental management.展开更多
Abstract--Near field communications （NFC） is a newly thrived technology in recent years. This technology has been installed on many kinds of mobile phone systems, especially the Android. However, there is no unified...Abstract--Near field communications （NFC） is a newly thrived technology in recent years. This technology has been installed on many kinds of mobile phone systems, especially the Android. However, there is no unified and complete framework to access NFC so far. The current software stack of NFC merely implements data obtaining features, ignoring the post-processing of data and lacking a certain security mechanism for NFC, which results in inefficiency and inconvenience for software development and maintenance. Above all, security problems could be caused due to the absence of the security mechanism. To propose a solution, this paper presents a brand-new framework for NFC utilization by analyzing and constructing a service model. Thus, the proposed framework encapsulates the current NFC stack on Android, formulating a three-layer structure after implementing the encapsulation and parsing of NFC records, which ultimately enables an XML document to describe the configuration of NFC and its related service flow. Simultaneously, a context-awareness model is proposed and built in this paper to equip the framework with the capability of adapting to different＇physical environment.展开更多
In order to improve the design and implementation quality of web service compositions,formal methods are used to model them and certain properties are verified.WCFA （web service interface control flow automata）is us...In order to improve the design and implementation quality of web service compositions,formal methods are used to model them and certain properties are verified.WCFA （web service interface control flow automata）is used to model web services,especially the control flow and possible interactions with other web services.A web service composition consists of a set of interacting WCFA.The global behavior of web service compositions is captured by NWA（nested word automata）.A variation of the depth-first search algorithm is used to transform a set of WCFA into an NWA.State formulae and call stacks at each node of NWA are computed by a path-sensitive reachability analysis.Safety properties,call stack inspection properties and pre/post-conditions of service invocations are described by assertions.Then verification of these assertions is carried out by an automated SAT tool.展开更多
Ecosystem service flow is essential for transporting,transforming,and maintaining ecosystem services and connecting supply and demand.This study attempted to quantitatively assess the supply and demand flows of ecosys...Ecosystem service flow is essential for transporting,transforming,and maintaining ecosystem services and connecting supply and demand.This study attempted to quantitatively assess the supply and demand flows of ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Basin in 2000,2010,and 2020;assess the evolution of the spatial patterns of ecosystem service flow at the provincial,watershed and urban agglomeration scales;and design a zoning standard for ecosystem service flow.The results showed as follows.1)Between 2000 and 2020,the Yangtze River had a progressive drop in its freshwater supply,water conservation service and carbon sequestration service flows.The decline rates for these services were measured at 10.90%,11.11%,and 5.17%,respectively.The climate regulation service flow exhibited a pattern of initial fall followed by a subsequent increase,characterized by a decline rate of 35.53%.2)The lowest was the ecosystem service flow in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration.Freshwater supply service flow and water conservation service flow were the highest in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration.Carbon sequestration service flow and climate regulation service flow were the highest in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin and the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.3)From 2000 to 2020,the change ratios of the area proportion of the confluence,flow,and outflow areas in the Yangtze River Basin were 1.06,3.17,and 0.86,respectively.The results of this research could offer decision support for regulating ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Basin,promoting sustainable regional development and achieving rational use of the basin resources.展开更多
Multimedia content,user mobility and heterogeneous client devices require novel systems that are able to support ubiquitous access to the Web resources.In this scenario,solutions that combine flexibility,efficiency an...Multimedia content,user mobility and heterogeneous client devices require novel systems that are able to support ubiquitous access to the Web resources.In this scenario,solutions that combine flexibility,efficiency and scalability in offering edge services for ubiquitous access are needed.We propose an original intermediary framework,namely Scalable Intermediary Software Infrastructure （SISI）,which is able to dynamically compose edge services on the basis of user preferences and device characteristics.The SISI framework exploits a per-user profiling mechanism,where each user can initially set his/her personal preferences through a simple Web interface,and the system is then able to compose at run-time the necessary components.The basic framework can be enriched through new edge services that can be easily implemented through a programming model based on APIs and internal functions.Our experiments demonstrate that flexibility and edge service composition do not affect the system performance.We show that this framework is able to chain multiple edge services and to guarantee stable performance.展开更多
Land degradation from water erosion poses a significant threat to water security and ecosystem stability,driving global efforts in soil conservation.Quantitative assessment of soil conservation benefitsdboth on-site a...Land degradation from water erosion poses a significant threat to water security and ecosystem stability,driving global efforts in soil conservation.Quantitative assessment of soil conservation benefitsdboth on-site and off-sitedis crucial for guiding effective conservation strategies.However,existing methodologies often fall short in quantifying the value of these combined benefits.Here,we present a comprehensive framework for quantifying soil conservation service flows in monetary terms,evaluating the effectiveness of both on-site and off-site measures.Applying this framework to the Yellow River Basin(YRB),we employ cost-avoidance algorithms related to soil fertility maintenance,dredging cost reduction,and mitigation of nonpoint source pollution.Our results reveal that while many areas contribute to both on-site and off-site benefits,over half of the YRB relies predominantly on off-site services.By strategically enhancing key regionsdwhich constitute 30%of the basindwe demonstrate that the overall soil conservation service supply can increase by 64.2%over the multi-year average from 2001 to 2020 compared to a consideration of on-site only.These findings underscore the essential role of off-site services in fully understanding soil conservation needs,particularly in large river basins,and the identified priority areas can offer valuable insights for optimizing soil conservation efforts.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant NO.42361040]。
文摘Ecosystem service flows(ESFs)can reveal the interrelationships and impacts between natural systems and human activities.We can improve the stability and sustainability of ecosystems,more effectively utilize natural resources,protect the environment,and enhance the harmonious coexistence of humans and nature by comprehending ESFs.However,few studies have examined ESFs across scales and evaluated their sustainability;most have concentrated on regional scales.In order to quantify and analyze ESFs within the Jing River Basin(JRB)and between the JRB and the adjacent and distant regions from a water-food-energy perspective,this paper employs a meta-coupling framework.Additionally,it evaluates the sustainability of these flows using a techno-ecological synergy framework.The results show that the ESFs within the JRB was significant in 2020.Water production services were concentrated in the southern part of the JRB,while the distribution of food supply and carbon supply services was relatively even.Huan County emerged as the largest exporting county,providing 1.46×10^(8)kg of food to other counties and exporting 2.97×10^(6)kg of energy.The ESFs in the JRB primarily moved towards the neighboring and distant systems.Water production services flowed into the Guanzhong Plain Urban Agglomeration(GPUA),amounting to 5.8×10^(6)kg.Carbon supply services flowed out at 2.4×10^(5)kg,and food exports were the highest,reaching 5.0×10^(7)kg.The ecosystem service flows from the JRB to both the neighboring and distant systems enhanced food security and ecological resilience.The basin itself demonstrated good sustainability in food supply services,with an index value reaching 48.19.In crossscale calculations of food production sustainability with the adjacent GPUA,the index value increased from 48.19 to 52.99,indicating a significant improvement.These findings demonstrate that applying the meta-coupling framework provides an effective approach to quantify ESFs and assess their sustainability across scales.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research Program(STEP)(Grant No.2019QZKK0308)。
文摘Assessments of ecological importance based on static indexes that do not consider service flows frequently underestimate the importance of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau as a"source".On the basis of natural environmental characteristics,this study selected six type of ecosystem services for evaluation,including water retention,soil retention,carbon sequestration,biodiversity conservation,sandstorm prevention,and tourism.According to the attributes of each ecosystem service flow,we calculated the flow length and traffic accessibility indexes,using Arc GIS hydrological module and kernel functions separately,to comprehensively analyse the ecological importance levels of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Results showed that after considering the service flows,the ecologically important zone shifted to the core area of the Three River Source Region,such as Zadoi County located in the Tanggula Mountains.The area of extreme importance is mainly distributed in the Yarlung Zangbo River basin,Tanggula Mountains,Hengduan Mountains,and Qilian Mountains,which accounts for 31.7%of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,providing approximately 60%of the ecosystem services and having extremely high protection efficiency and protection value.By introducing ecosystem service flow indexes,this study confirmed the ecological importance of core source areas such as the Tanggula Mountains,weakened the space bias caused by not considering the spatial transfer of ecosystem services,and provided technical support for optimizing ecological protection strategies and coordinating regional development.
基金The Ocean Public Welfare Scientific Research Project of State Oceanic Administration of China under contract No.20110533
文摘Data pre-deployment in the HDFS （Hadoop distributed file systems） is more complicated than that in traditional file systems. There are many key issues need to be addressed, such as determining the target location of the data prefetching, the amount of data to be prefetched, the balance between data prefetching services and normal data accesses. Aiming to solve these problems, we employ the characteristics of digital ocean information service flows and propose a deployment scheme which combines input data prefetching with output data oriented storage strategies. The method achieves the parallelism of data preparation and data processing, thereby massively reducing I/O time cost of digital ocean cloud computing platforms when processing multi-source information synergistic tasks. The experimental results show that the scheme has a higher degree of parallelism than traditional Hadoop mechanisms, shortens the waiting time of a running service node, and significantly reduces data access conflicts.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.42171258,No.U22A20611Joint Fund of Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China,No.2024JJ8350。
文摘The equilibrium between the supply and demand of water purification services is essential for safeguarding watershed ecosystems and supporting sustainable socio-economic growth.While current research mainly emphasizes the static analysis of this balance,dynamic investigations into service flow characteristics remain scarce.This study focuses on the Xiangjiang River Basin in southern China,utilizing the InVEST model,differential equations governing supply and demand,and social network analysis to investigate the spatio-temporal patterns of water purification service supply and demand.The results reveal that between 2000 and 2020,the supply of water purification services showed a slight upward trend,while demand exhibited a fluctuating downward tendency,and the supply-demand surplus fluctuated.On an annual basis,the supply generally met the demand,but significant spatial variation in supply-demand balance was observed,with high-risk zones concentrated in the central Hengshao arid corridor and the northern Changzhutan metropolitan area.In the water purification service network,surplus nodes increased,while deficit nodes decreased over time.Network density improved from 98.96%in 2000 to 100%in 2020.The flow of surplus services from upstream regions alleviated supply-demand imbalances downstream,notably in the Hengyang-Shaoyang(Hengshao)arid corridor and the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan(Changzhutan)metropolitan area.However,during drought years,diminished water volume intensified supply-demand pressures in these regions.This research framework,which incorporates the dynamic effects of service flow,broadens the scope of water purification service studies and provides a solid foundation for integrated water resource and environmental management.
文摘Abstract--Near field communications （NFC） is a newly thrived technology in recent years. This technology has been installed on many kinds of mobile phone systems, especially the Android. However, there is no unified and complete framework to access NFC so far. The current software stack of NFC merely implements data obtaining features, ignoring the post-processing of data and lacking a certain security mechanism for NFC, which results in inefficiency and inconvenience for software development and maintenance. Above all, security problems could be caused due to the absence of the security mechanism. To propose a solution, this paper presents a brand-new framework for NFC utilization by analyzing and constructing a service model. Thus, the proposed framework encapsulates the current NFC stack on Android, formulating a three-layer structure after implementing the encapsulation and parsing of NFC records, which ultimately enables an XML document to describe the configuration of NFC and its related service flow. Simultaneously, a context-awareness model is proposed and built in this paper to equip the framework with the capability of adapting to different＇physical environment.
基金The National Key Technology R&D Program of Chinaduring the 11th Five-Year Plan Period(No.2006BAH02A12)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(No.2006AA010101)
文摘In order to improve the design and implementation quality of web service compositions,formal methods are used to model them and certain properties are verified.WCFA （web service interface control flow automata）is used to model web services,especially the control flow and possible interactions with other web services.A web service composition consists of a set of interacting WCFA.The global behavior of web service compositions is captured by NWA（nested word automata）.A variation of the depth-first search algorithm is used to transform a set of WCFA into an NWA.State formulae and call stacks at each node of NWA are computed by a path-sensitive reachability analysis.Safety properties,call stack inspection properties and pre/post-conditions of service invocations are described by assertions.Then verification of these assertions is carried out by an automated SAT tool.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42171298 and 42201333)Late Project of the National Social Science Foundation in China(No.20FJYB035)Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing,China(No.cstc2020jcyj-jqX0004).
文摘Ecosystem service flow is essential for transporting,transforming,and maintaining ecosystem services and connecting supply and demand.This study attempted to quantitatively assess the supply and demand flows of ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Basin in 2000,2010,and 2020;assess the evolution of the spatial patterns of ecosystem service flow at the provincial,watershed and urban agglomeration scales;and design a zoning standard for ecosystem service flow.The results showed as follows.1)Between 2000 and 2020,the Yangtze River had a progressive drop in its freshwater supply,water conservation service and carbon sequestration service flows.The decline rates for these services were measured at 10.90%,11.11%,and 5.17%,respectively.The climate regulation service flow exhibited a pattern of initial fall followed by a subsequent increase,characterized by a decline rate of 35.53%.2)The lowest was the ecosystem service flow in the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yangtze River Delta urban agglomeration.Freshwater supply service flow and water conservation service flow were the highest in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Chengdu-Chongqing urban agglomeration.Carbon sequestration service flow and climate regulation service flow were the highest in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River Basin and the urban agglomeration in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River.3)From 2000 to 2020,the change ratios of the area proportion of the confluence,flow,and outflow areas in the Yangtze River Basin were 1.06,3.17,and 0.86,respectively.The results of this research could offer decision support for regulating ecosystem services in the Yangtze River Basin,promoting sustainable regional development and achieving rational use of the basin resources.
文摘Multimedia content,user mobility and heterogeneous client devices require novel systems that are able to support ubiquitous access to the Web resources.In this scenario,solutions that combine flexibility,efficiency and scalability in offering edge services for ubiquitous access are needed.We propose an original intermediary framework,namely Scalable Intermediary Software Infrastructure （SISI）,which is able to dynamically compose edge services on the basis of user preferences and device characteristics.The SISI framework exploits a per-user profiling mechanism,where each user can initially set his/her personal preferences through a simple Web interface,and the system is then able to compose at run-time the necessary components.The basic framework can be enriched through new edge services that can be easily implemented through a programming model based on APIs and internal functions.Our experiments demonstrate that flexibility and edge service composition do not affect the system performance.We show that this framework is able to chain multiple edge services and to guarantee stable performance.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42041005e5)F.T.M.acknowledges support from the University of Alicante(UADIF22-74 and VIGROB22-350)the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovacion of Spain(PID2020-116578RB-I00)。
文摘Land degradation from water erosion poses a significant threat to water security and ecosystem stability,driving global efforts in soil conservation.Quantitative assessment of soil conservation benefitsdboth on-site and off-sitedis crucial for guiding effective conservation strategies.However,existing methodologies often fall short in quantifying the value of these combined benefits.Here,we present a comprehensive framework for quantifying soil conservation service flows in monetary terms,evaluating the effectiveness of both on-site and off-site measures.Applying this framework to the Yellow River Basin(YRB),we employ cost-avoidance algorithms related to soil fertility maintenance,dredging cost reduction,and mitigation of nonpoint source pollution.Our results reveal that while many areas contribute to both on-site and off-site benefits,over half of the YRB relies predominantly on off-site services.By strategically enhancing key regionsdwhich constitute 30%of the basindwe demonstrate that the overall soil conservation service supply can increase by 64.2%over the multi-year average from 2001 to 2020 compared to a consideration of on-site only.These findings underscore the essential role of off-site services in fully understanding soil conservation needs,particularly in large river basins,and the identified priority areas can offer valuable insights for optimizing soil conservation efforts.
