Red osier dogwood(Cornus sericea L.),widely distributed throughout North America,is essential for wildlife,thus biodiversity.It is recommended for reclamation or revegetation of sites disturbed by oil and gas extracti...Red osier dogwood(Cornus sericea L.),widely distributed throughout North America,is essential for wildlife,thus biodiversity.It is recommended for reclamation or revegetation of sites disturbed by oil and gas extraction because it tolerates a wide range of soil types and high pH levels.Since germination of this species is extremely difficult with long stratification requirements and poor germination,cuttings facilitate propagation.In this study,to develop techniques to propagate the species from stem cuttings,four concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid(IBA)and two cutting ages previous year’s growth(PYG)and current year’s growth(CYG)were investigated for survival and growth.After 4 months,survival rate,height growth,and shoot biomass from PYG cuttings were enhanced with IB A.In contrast,IB A did not affect these parameters in CYG cuttings.Root morphology was significantly affected by IB A concentration and cutting age.IBA,at higher concentrations,increased root surface and length.Total root surface area and length of PYG cuttings were increased,which may facilitate the absorption of essential resources and consequently increase growth.The results indicate that increasing the concentration of IB A may be an effective way to have better plant survival and growth of previous year’s cuttings in red osier dogwood.展开更多
Potentilla sericea is a heavy metal hyperaccumulator landscaping plant.MYB transcription factors play an important role in regulating plant stress response to adversity.However,there are few studies on MYB transcripti...Potentilla sericea is a heavy metal hyperaccumulator landscaping plant.MYB transcription factors play an important role in regulating plant stress response to adversity.However,there are few studies on MYB transcription factors in stress tolerance in Potentilla sericea.In this study,the PsMYB62 gene was successfully cloned from Potentilla sericea.Methods:Bioinformatic analysis and real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR)methods were used to evaluate this gene.The transgenic A.thaliana were obtained by flower dipping and the gene function was identified by determining physiological indicators under cadmium stress.Results:The open reading frame of PsMYB62 is 942 bp,which encodes 313 amino acids(aa)and belongs to the R2R3 MYB transcription factor.The plant overexpression vector PBI121-PsMYB62-GFP was constructed and successfully transferred into A.thaliana.The relative expression level of PsMYB62 was significantly increased by CdCl_(2),NaCl,ABA,and mannitol treatments.The germination rate of transgenic seeds was higher than those of wild type(WT)and empty vector(EV)under different concentrations of cadmium treatment.Upon treatment with 100μmol·L^(−1)of CdCl_(2)·2.5H_(2)O,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT)in the transgenic plants were significantly higher than those in the WT and EV.The contents of H_(2)O_(2),O_(2)·−and malondialdehyde(MDA)in transgenic lines were increased,but lower than those in WT and EV.The expression levels of AtGSH,AtPCS,and AtNAS4 that were related to the regulation of cadmium were increased,but the expression levels of transgenic lines were higher than those of WT and EV.Conclusion:The above results showed that PsMYB62 could be induced by cadmium and could improve the cadmium resistance of plants.展开更多
Effect of ensiled sericea lespedeza(SL,Lespedeza cuneata)on indicators of gastrointestinal parasitism was investigated in two trials using intact male Spanish goats(n=36/trial).Naturally parasite-infected animals at 2...Effect of ensiled sericea lespedeza(SL,Lespedeza cuneata)on indicators of gastrointestinal parasitism was investigated in two trials using intact male Spanish goats(n=36/trial).Naturally parasite-infected animals at 24.4±3.7 kg body weight(BW)and nine months of age or 24.6±0.57 kg BW at 4-6 months of age were used for 28 d or 21 d for Trials 1 and 2,respectively.For Trial 1,goats were fed SL silage(SLS),SL hay(SLH),or Bermuda grass(BG,Cynodon dactylon)hay at 70%of the diet.For Trial 2,goats were provided with SLH or SLS and orally drenched with distilled water(Hay or silage plus water,HW and SW,respectively)or polyethylene glycol(PEG;SLS only;SP)daily.Fecal and blood samples were collected weekly to determine gastrointestinal nematode fecal egg counts(FEC)and coccidia fecal oocyst counts(FOC)per gram of feces and blood packed cell volume(PCV).The SL diets significantly reduced(p<0.05)FEC and FOC in both trials,with the SLH diet reducing FEC 7 d faster compared to SLS.In PEG-treated goats,FOC tended to increase(p<0.07)at day 7 before decreasing.There was no treatment effect on PCV scores.Overall,SLH and SLS reduced fecal egg and oocyst counts in goats,but PEG results were inconclusive,so more research is needed.展开更多
Two 42-day feeding trials in pens were completed with young goats(Spanish,intact male,six months old,n=29 Trial 1;n=20 Trial 2)to determine the anti-parasitic bioactivity of whole plant and leaf only sericea lespedeza...Two 42-day feeding trials in pens were completed with young goats(Spanish,intact male,six months old,n=29 Trial 1;n=20 Trial 2)to determine the anti-parasitic bioactivity of whole plant and leaf only sericea lespedeza(SL;Lespedeza cuneata)fed as a ground meal or in pelleted form.In Trial 1,goats were fed SL leaf only pellets,SL whole plant pellets,or a commercial goat pellet as 50%of a complete ration,while in Trial 2,kids were fed either ground SL leaf meal or ground whole plant SL meal as 25%of a complete ration.Fecal samples were collected weekly for determination of gastrointestinal nematode(GIN)fecal egg counts(FEC)and coccidia fecal oocyst counts(FOC).In Trial 1,both of the pelleted SL rations reduced FEC(p<0.06)relative to the kids fed the control ration,and for FOC,there were lower values on Days 7 to 42 relative to Day 0 for goats on either pelleted SL diet,while FOC for control animals did not change over time(interaction,p<0.01).In Trial 2,both ground whole plant and leaf only SL diets reduced(p<0.05)FEC of the goats over time,but the effect was faster in the kids on the SL leaf meal ration.At 50%of the diet,SL leaf and whole plant meal pellets were equally effective against GIN egg and coccidial oocyst production in young kids,but SL leaf meal was more effective in reducing GIN egg production than whole plant SL meal when fed at 25%of the diet.展开更多
Feeding pelleted sericea lespedeza （SL; Lespedeza cuneata） on pasture can reduce gastrointestinal nematode （GIN） and coccidia （Eimeria spp.） infection in sheep and goats, but effects on nutritional status are un...Feeding pelleted sericea lespedeza （SL; Lespedeza cuneata） on pasture can reduce gastrointestinal nematode （GIN） and coccidia （Eimeria spp.） infection in sheep and goats, but effects on nutritional status are unclear. Therefore, a study was completed comparing yearling goats grazing grass pasture supplemented with SL or non-condensed tannins （CT） commercial pellets （control group）, respectively, at 1.5% of body weight for 14 weeks, and then after 14 weeks, they were only fed with non-CT pellets at 2.5% of body weight for additional six weeks. Animal body weight was measured at the start of the trial, the 7th week, 14th week and end of the trial. Fecal samples were taken weekly to determine GIN egg output （fecal egg count; FEC） and coccidial oocyst production （fecal oocyst count; FOC）. Blood samples （to determine packed cell volume; PCV） were taken weekly to monitor anemia status of the goats, and on days 0, 98 and 137 to determine aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and creatine kinase （CK）. The study revealed that supplemental SL leaf meal pellets had no effect on FEC, but reduced FOC （P 〈 0.05） and improved FAMACHA~ scores （P 〈 0.001） in the goats, and the SL supplemented goats tended to gain more weight （P = 0.07） than control animals during the first 49 d, following initiation of pellet feeding. There were no treatment effects on enzymes related to liver function or muscle turnover （AST, ALT and CK）, suggesting that there was no muscle damage due to long-term feeding of SL pellets. In conclusion, feeding supplemental SL pellets at 1.5% of body weight on pasture may be a viable strategy for improving health and productivity of yearling goats.展开更多
Sericea lespedeza （Lespedeza cuneata （Dum. Cours.） G. Don.） has historically been called ＂poor man＇s alfalfa＂, because of its ability to grow on marginal soil with the minimal inputs of lime or fertilizer. With...Sericea lespedeza （Lespedeza cuneata （Dum. Cours.） G. Don.） has historically been called ＂poor man＇s alfalfa＂, because of its ability to grow on marginal soil with the minimal inputs of lime or fertilizer. With recent research detailing the potential health benefits of this forage to animals, it may be time for a new nickname. Although sericea lespedeza has been used for soil conservation and as an inexpensive （low-input） source of pasture or hay crop for nearly 100 years, research over the last 10-15 years has demonstrated the excellent bioactivity of this plant against infection with gastrointestinal nematodes （Haemonchus contortus） and protozoan parasites （Eimeria spp.） in livestock. This bioactivity, which has been attributed to a unique type of condensed tannins （CT）, has been confirmed in both fresh （grazed） and dried （hay, meal, pellets） forms of sericea lespedeza in a number of studies with sheep, goats, and cattle. There is on-going research with this forage to determine the effect of ensiling on its bioactive properties and to validate its anti-parasitic effects on-farm. Future research will focus on determining the mode of action of sericea lespedeza tannins against internal parasites and the interplay between the nutritional value and the health benefits of this plant.展开更多
In this investigation,fresh sericea lespedeza(SL;Lespedeza cuneata)and alfalfa(Medicago sativa)were cut in the field,frozen,chopped and mixed into ratios of 100:0,75:25,50:50,25:75 and 0:100,respectively,with each tre...In this investigation,fresh sericea lespedeza(SL;Lespedeza cuneata)and alfalfa(Medicago sativa)were cut in the field,frozen,chopped and mixed into ratios of 100:0,75:25,50:50,25:75 and 0:100,respectively,with each treatment combination packed into 12 mini-silos and sealed to be air-tight.Three mini-silos per treatment were opened after 1,7,21 and 84 d of ensiling and analyzed for pH,neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF),and acid detergent lignin(ADL),unbound and bound condensed tannins(CT),nitrogen(N),nitrate N(NO3-N),and ammonia N(NH4+N)content.All of the forage combinations ensiled well,with a rapid drop in pH(below 5.0 by Day 7).Fiber concentrations(NDF,ADF,ADL)were greater in 75% and 100% SL silages than in 0%,25% and 50% SL samples by Day 84 of the study,possibly due to interference of CT in the detergent analysis system.Concentrations of N,NO3-N and NH4+N were decreased in silages as percentage SL in the mixture increased,while unbound,bound and total CT increased as percentage SL increased.In this study,there was reduced proteolysis during ensiling of combinations of SL and alfalfa,as indicated by reduced NO3-N and NH4+N production as percentage SL in the silage mixtures increased.展开更多
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Innovation Enhancement Grants—NSERC CCIP 517845-17)。
文摘Red osier dogwood(Cornus sericea L.),widely distributed throughout North America,is essential for wildlife,thus biodiversity.It is recommended for reclamation or revegetation of sites disturbed by oil and gas extraction because it tolerates a wide range of soil types and high pH levels.Since germination of this species is extremely difficult with long stratification requirements and poor germination,cuttings facilitate propagation.In this study,to develop techniques to propagate the species from stem cuttings,four concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid(IBA)and two cutting ages previous year’s growth(PYG)and current year’s growth(CYG)were investigated for survival and growth.After 4 months,survival rate,height growth,and shoot biomass from PYG cuttings were enhanced with IB A.In contrast,IB A did not affect these parameters in CYG cuttings.Root morphology was significantly affected by IB A concentration and cutting age.IBA,at higher concentrations,increased root surface and length.Total root surface area and length of PYG cuttings were increased,which may facilitate the absorption of essential resources and consequently increase growth.The results indicate that increasing the concentration of IB A may be an effective way to have better plant survival and growth of previous year’s cuttings in red osier dogwood.
基金funded by the Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(LH2020C045).
文摘Potentilla sericea is a heavy metal hyperaccumulator landscaping plant.MYB transcription factors play an important role in regulating plant stress response to adversity.However,there are few studies on MYB transcription factors in stress tolerance in Potentilla sericea.In this study,the PsMYB62 gene was successfully cloned from Potentilla sericea.Methods:Bioinformatic analysis and real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR)methods were used to evaluate this gene.The transgenic A.thaliana were obtained by flower dipping and the gene function was identified by determining physiological indicators under cadmium stress.Results:The open reading frame of PsMYB62 is 942 bp,which encodes 313 amino acids(aa)and belongs to the R2R3 MYB transcription factor.The plant overexpression vector PBI121-PsMYB62-GFP was constructed and successfully transferred into A.thaliana.The relative expression level of PsMYB62 was significantly increased by CdCl_(2),NaCl,ABA,and mannitol treatments.The germination rate of transgenic seeds was higher than those of wild type(WT)and empty vector(EV)under different concentrations of cadmium treatment.Upon treatment with 100μmol·L^(−1)of CdCl_(2)·2.5H_(2)O,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD),peroxidase(POD),and catalase(CAT)in the transgenic plants were significantly higher than those in the WT and EV.The contents of H_(2)O_(2),O_(2)·−and malondialdehyde(MDA)in transgenic lines were increased,but lower than those in WT and EV.The expression levels of AtGSH,AtPCS,and AtNAS4 that were related to the regulation of cadmium were increased,but the expression levels of transgenic lines were higher than those of WT and EV.Conclusion:The above results showed that PsMYB62 could be induced by cadmium and could improve the cadmium resistance of plants.
文摘Effect of ensiled sericea lespedeza(SL,Lespedeza cuneata)on indicators of gastrointestinal parasitism was investigated in two trials using intact male Spanish goats(n=36/trial).Naturally parasite-infected animals at 24.4±3.7 kg body weight(BW)and nine months of age or 24.6±0.57 kg BW at 4-6 months of age were used for 28 d or 21 d for Trials 1 and 2,respectively.For Trial 1,goats were fed SL silage(SLS),SL hay(SLH),or Bermuda grass(BG,Cynodon dactylon)hay at 70%of the diet.For Trial 2,goats were provided with SLH or SLS and orally drenched with distilled water(Hay or silage plus water,HW and SW,respectively)or polyethylene glycol(PEG;SLS only;SP)daily.Fecal and blood samples were collected weekly to determine gastrointestinal nematode fecal egg counts(FEC)and coccidia fecal oocyst counts(FOC)per gram of feces and blood packed cell volume(PCV).The SL diets significantly reduced(p<0.05)FEC and FOC in both trials,with the SLH diet reducing FEC 7 d faster compared to SLS.In PEG-treated goats,FOC tended to increase(p<0.07)at day 7 before decreasing.There was no treatment effect on PCV scores.Overall,SLH and SLS reduced fecal egg and oocyst counts in goats,but PEG results were inconclusive,so more research is needed.
文摘Two 42-day feeding trials in pens were completed with young goats(Spanish,intact male,six months old,n=29 Trial 1;n=20 Trial 2)to determine the anti-parasitic bioactivity of whole plant and leaf only sericea lespedeza(SL;Lespedeza cuneata)fed as a ground meal or in pelleted form.In Trial 1,goats were fed SL leaf only pellets,SL whole plant pellets,or a commercial goat pellet as 50%of a complete ration,while in Trial 2,kids were fed either ground SL leaf meal or ground whole plant SL meal as 25%of a complete ration.Fecal samples were collected weekly for determination of gastrointestinal nematode(GIN)fecal egg counts(FEC)and coccidia fecal oocyst counts(FOC).In Trial 1,both of the pelleted SL rations reduced FEC(p<0.06)relative to the kids fed the control ration,and for FOC,there were lower values on Days 7 to 42 relative to Day 0 for goats on either pelleted SL diet,while FOC for control animals did not change over time(interaction,p<0.01).In Trial 2,both ground whole plant and leaf only SL diets reduced(p<0.05)FEC of the goats over time,but the effect was faster in the kids on the SL leaf meal ration.At 50%of the diet,SL leaf and whole plant meal pellets were equally effective against GIN egg and coccidial oocyst production in young kids,but SL leaf meal was more effective in reducing GIN egg production than whole plant SL meal when fed at 25%of the diet.
文摘Feeding pelleted sericea lespedeza （SL; Lespedeza cuneata） on pasture can reduce gastrointestinal nematode （GIN） and coccidia （Eimeria spp.） infection in sheep and goats, but effects on nutritional status are unclear. Therefore, a study was completed comparing yearling goats grazing grass pasture supplemented with SL or non-condensed tannins （CT） commercial pellets （control group）, respectively, at 1.5% of body weight for 14 weeks, and then after 14 weeks, they were only fed with non-CT pellets at 2.5% of body weight for additional six weeks. Animal body weight was measured at the start of the trial, the 7th week, 14th week and end of the trial. Fecal samples were taken weekly to determine GIN egg output （fecal egg count; FEC） and coccidial oocyst production （fecal oocyst count; FOC）. Blood samples （to determine packed cell volume; PCV） were taken weekly to monitor anemia status of the goats, and on days 0, 98 and 137 to determine aspartate aminotransferase （AST）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT） and creatine kinase （CK）. The study revealed that supplemental SL leaf meal pellets had no effect on FEC, but reduced FOC （P 〈 0.05） and improved FAMACHA~ scores （P 〈 0.001） in the goats, and the SL supplemented goats tended to gain more weight （P = 0.07） than control animals during the first 49 d, following initiation of pellet feeding. There were no treatment effects on enzymes related to liver function or muscle turnover （AST, ALT and CK）, suggesting that there was no muscle damage due to long-term feeding of SL pellets. In conclusion, feeding supplemental SL pellets at 1.5% of body weight on pasture may be a viable strategy for improving health and productivity of yearling goats.
文摘Sericea lespedeza （Lespedeza cuneata （Dum. Cours.） G. Don.） has historically been called ＂poor man＇s alfalfa＂, because of its ability to grow on marginal soil with the minimal inputs of lime or fertilizer. With recent research detailing the potential health benefits of this forage to animals, it may be time for a new nickname. Although sericea lespedeza has been used for soil conservation and as an inexpensive （low-input） source of pasture or hay crop for nearly 100 years, research over the last 10-15 years has demonstrated the excellent bioactivity of this plant against infection with gastrointestinal nematodes （Haemonchus contortus） and protozoan parasites （Eimeria spp.） in livestock. This bioactivity, which has been attributed to a unique type of condensed tannins （CT）, has been confirmed in both fresh （grazed） and dried （hay, meal, pellets） forms of sericea lespedeza in a number of studies with sheep, goats, and cattle. There is on-going research with this forage to determine the effect of ensiling on its bioactive properties and to validate its anti-parasitic effects on-farm. Future research will focus on determining the mode of action of sericea lespedeza tannins against internal parasites and the interplay between the nutritional value and the health benefits of this plant.
文摘In this investigation,fresh sericea lespedeza(SL;Lespedeza cuneata)and alfalfa(Medicago sativa)were cut in the field,frozen,chopped and mixed into ratios of 100:0,75:25,50:50,25:75 and 0:100,respectively,with each treatment combination packed into 12 mini-silos and sealed to be air-tight.Three mini-silos per treatment were opened after 1,7,21 and 84 d of ensiling and analyzed for pH,neutral detergent fiber(NDF),acid detergent fiber(ADF),and acid detergent lignin(ADL),unbound and bound condensed tannins(CT),nitrogen(N),nitrate N(NO3-N),and ammonia N(NH4+N)content.All of the forage combinations ensiled well,with a rapid drop in pH(below 5.0 by Day 7).Fiber concentrations(NDF,ADF,ADL)were greater in 75% and 100% SL silages than in 0%,25% and 50% SL samples by Day 84 of the study,possibly due to interference of CT in the detergent analysis system.Concentrations of N,NO3-N and NH4+N were decreased in silages as percentage SL in the mixture increased,while unbound,bound and total CT increased as percentage SL increased.In this study,there was reduced proteolysis during ensiling of combinations of SL and alfalfa,as indicated by reduced NO3-N and NH4+N production as percentage SL in the silage mixtures increased.
