Given a mapping f between continua.Let 2f and C(f) mean the induced mappings between hyperspaces.Relations are studied under the conditions:f is semi-open(almost open,respectively),2f is semi-open(almost open,respecti...Given a mapping f between continua.Let 2f and C(f) mean the induced mappings between hyperspaces.Relations are studied under the conditions:f is semi-open(almost open,respectively),2f is semi-open(almost open,respectively) and C(f) is semi-open(almost open,respectively).展开更多
An experimental system was set up to measure the temperature, pressure, heat transfer rate and mass flow rate in a semi-open two-phase thermosyphon. The behaviors of a semi-open two-phase thermosyphon during startup, ...An experimental system was set up to measure the temperature, pressure, heat transfer rate and mass flow rate in a semi-open two-phase thermosyphon. The behaviors of a semi-open two-phase thermosyphon during startup, shutdown and lack of water were studied to get complete understanding of its thermal characteristics. The variation of wall temperature, heat-exchange condition and pressure fluctuations of semi-open two-phase thermosyphons showed that the startup of SOTPT needs about 60-70 min; the startup speed of SOTPT is determined by the startup speed of the condensation section; the average pressure in the heat pipe is equal to the environmental pressure usually; the shutdown of SOTPT needs about 30-50min; a semi-open two-phase thermosyphon has good response to lack of water accident.展开更多
This paper focuses on the heat transfer performance of semi-open heat pipe which is a new type of heat pipe. After analyzing its condensation heat transfer mechanisms theoretically, several semi-open heat pipes in dif...This paper focuses on the heat transfer performance of semi-open heat pipe which is a new type of heat pipe. After analyzing its condensation heat transfer mechanisms theoretically, several semi-open heat pipes in different length ratios and upper hole diameters are studied experimentally and compared with the same dimensions closed heat pipes. Experimental results show that the heat transfer performance of semi-open heat pipe becomes better by increasing heat transfer rate. At the first transitional point, the heat transfer performance of semi-open heat pipe approaches the level of the closed heat pipe. It is suitable to choose upper small hole about 1 mm in diameter and length ratio larger than 0.6 for the semi-open heat pipe.展开更多
In this study, we tried to improve the performance by giving a pre-swirling flow to the radial inflow that occurred in the semi-opened axial fan. In addition, the flow fields of rotor outlet were clarified experimenta...In this study, we tried to improve the performance by giving a pre-swirling flow to the radial inflow that occurred in the semi-opened axial fan. In addition, the flow fields of rotor outlet were clarified experimentally, and the effect of pre-swirling flow was considered. The experiment was carried out using a performance test wind tunnel with a square cross section of 880 mm. Three types of casings were prepared, in which the blade tip protruded 0%, 20%, and 40% of the meridional chord length. They were called R25, R15, and R05, respectively, in the casing bellmouth model code. Guide blades for generating a pre-swirling flow were installed on the vertical wall surface of the casing. In addition, a vertical wall was installed 60% upstream of the meridional chord length as an obstacle to prevent axial inflow. The velocity fields of the rotor outlet were measured using a hot-wire anemometer. From the results, the pre-swirling flow did not significantly affect the fan performance. When there was no obstacles wall upstream, there was a partial increase in efficiency, but the difference was not so large. When there was an obstacle wall upstream, the efficiency increased overall in the case of R15, but in the case of R05, the efficiency increased only in the low flow rate region, and conversely decreased in the high flow rate region. By observing the blade outlet flow fields when the performance was improved, it was confirmed that the influence of the tip leakage vortex was weakened.展开更多
In order to clarify the effect of tip clearance （TC） size on fan performance and the flow field at rotor outlet in a small semi-open axial fan, the experimental investigation was carried out. The tip diameter of tes...In order to clarify the effect of tip clearance （TC） size on fan performance and the flow field at rotor outlet in a small semi-open axial fan, the experimental investigation was carried out. The tip diameter of test fan rotor was 180mm and test TC sizes were lmm （TC=1mm） and 4mm （TC=4mm）. Fan characteristics tests were carried out for two cases of TC size and three-dimensional velocity fields at rotor outlet were measured using a single slant hot-wire probe at four flow-rate conditions. As a result, it was found that the pressure - flow-rate characteristics curves for two cases showed almost the same tendency. However, the ensemble averaged velocity profiles along radial measurement stations of TC-4mm largely changed compared with that of TC=1mm in cases of small flow-rate condition. From the phase-locked averaging results, it was also found that the vortex existed in the rotor outlet flow field of high flow-rate condition for each TC case. Compared with the vortices for TC=1mm and TC=4mm, the vortex for TC=4mm was stronger than that for TC=1mm.展开更多
The bio-engineered ovary is an essential technology for treating female infertility.Especially the development of relevant in vitro models could be a critical step in a drug study.Herein,we develop a semi-opened cultu...The bio-engineered ovary is an essential technology for treating female infertility.Especially the development of relevant in vitro models could be a critical step in a drug study.Herein,we develop a semi-opened culturing system(SOCS)strategy that maintains a 3D structure of follicles during the culture.Based on the SOCS,we further developed micro-cavity ovary(MCO)with mouse follicles by the microsphere-templated technique,where sacrificial gelatin microspheres were mixed with photo-crosslinkable gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)to engineer a micro-cavity niche for follicle growth.The semi-opened MCO could support the follicle growing to the antral stage,secreting hormones,and ovulating cumulus-oocyte complex out of the MCO without extra manipulation.The MCO-ovulated oocyte exhibits a highly similar transcriptome to the in vivo counterpart(correlation of 0.97)and can be fertilized.Moreover,we found that a high ROS level could affect the cumulus expansion,which may result in anovulation disorder.The damage could be rescued by melatonin,but the end of cumulus expansion was 3h earlier than anticipation,validating that MCO has the potential for investigating ovarian toxic agents in vitro.We provide a novel approach for building an in vitro ovarian model to recapitulate ovarian functions and test chemical toxicity,suggesting it has the potential for clinical research in the future.展开更多
Semi-open spaces-largely incorporated in vernacular dwellings in Cyprus during the 19th and 20th centuries-formed diachronically significant socio-cultural, functional and environmental features of the vernacular arch...Semi-open spaces-largely incorporated in vernacular dwellings in Cyprus during the 19th and 20th centuries-formed diachronically significant socio-cultural, functional and environmental features of the vernacular architecture of the area. The climate of the Eastern Mediterranean region, i.e., hot summers and mild winters, encouraged the use of open weather protected spaces, thus leading to the widespread incorporation of such spaces in the vernacular architecture of the region. This paper focuses on the interconnections between architectural forms and human comfort, convenience or pleasure in relation to the semiopen spaces found in the vernacular architecture of Cyprus-an island in the Eastern Mediterranean region. For the purpose of this research, characteristic traditional settlements found in the coastal, lowland and mountainous areas-which represent three different climatic regions and topographies of the island-were selected for an in-depth investigation. The findings confirm a high frequency of semi-open spaces, as well as the existence of a remarkable richness of typologies. Although semi-open spaces constitute a fundamental part of the structure of these vernacular dwellings in all climatic regions examined, they dominate in the lowland regions due to the particularly hot climate, as well as the specific activities of the inhabitants of these areas. The prevailing architectural forms and constructions of these spaces in each climatic region under investigation was found to be closely adapted to the local resources, terrain and climate, while also being related to the social, household and agricultural needs of the inhabitants, thus underlining their sustainable and locus-specific conception. Research findings can contribute towards critically re-thinking semi-open spaces and their inherent value in rehabilitation projects, as well as in contemporary residential architecture.展开更多
In order to clarify the unsteady flow fields at low flow-rate region with positive gradient on pressure-flow-rate curve,the experimental investigation was carried out at rotor inlet and outside of rotor blade tip with...In order to clarify the unsteady flow fields at low flow-rate region with positive gradient on pressure-flow-rate curve,the experimental investigation was carried out at rotor inlet and outside of rotor blade tip without casing in a semi-opened propeller fan using a hot-wire anemometer.A single I-type hot-wire probe was used,and the data obtained were processed by the use of phase-locked averaging,ensemble averaging and FFT analyzing.The flow fields at rotor inlet and outside of rotor blade tip were discussed mainly using the results from distributions of velocity fluctuations and power spectrum density.It was found from these results that there are the two types of different periodical fluctuations and both of those frequencies were not the same of rotor rotating frequency(RRF;15Hz).One was observed at relatively high flow-rate region at relatively downstream area in measurement and its frequency was approximately 7Hz(47% of RRF).The other was observed at relatively low flow-rate region at relatively upstream area in measurement and its frequency was approximately 10Hz(67% of RRF)".As the velocity fluctuations with the flow fields are rapidly increased by the former fluctuation,it is thought that its fluctuation is the trigger of blade stall.展开更多
文摘Given a mapping f between continua.Let 2f and C(f) mean the induced mappings between hyperspaces.Relations are studied under the conditions:f is semi-open(almost open,respectively),2f is semi-open(almost open,respectively) and C(f) is semi-open(almost open,respectively).
文摘An experimental system was set up to measure the temperature, pressure, heat transfer rate and mass flow rate in a semi-open two-phase thermosyphon. The behaviors of a semi-open two-phase thermosyphon during startup, shutdown and lack of water were studied to get complete understanding of its thermal characteristics. The variation of wall temperature, heat-exchange condition and pressure fluctuations of semi-open two-phase thermosyphons showed that the startup of SOTPT needs about 60-70 min; the startup speed of SOTPT is determined by the startup speed of the condensation section; the average pressure in the heat pipe is equal to the environmental pressure usually; the shutdown of SOTPT needs about 30-50min; a semi-open two-phase thermosyphon has good response to lack of water accident.
文摘This paper focuses on the heat transfer performance of semi-open heat pipe which is a new type of heat pipe. After analyzing its condensation heat transfer mechanisms theoretically, several semi-open heat pipes in different length ratios and upper hole diameters are studied experimentally and compared with the same dimensions closed heat pipes. Experimental results show that the heat transfer performance of semi-open heat pipe becomes better by increasing heat transfer rate. At the first transitional point, the heat transfer performance of semi-open heat pipe approaches the level of the closed heat pipe. It is suitable to choose upper small hole about 1 mm in diameter and length ratio larger than 0.6 for the semi-open heat pipe.
文摘In this study, we tried to improve the performance by giving a pre-swirling flow to the radial inflow that occurred in the semi-opened axial fan. In addition, the flow fields of rotor outlet were clarified experimentally, and the effect of pre-swirling flow was considered. The experiment was carried out using a performance test wind tunnel with a square cross section of 880 mm. Three types of casings were prepared, in which the blade tip protruded 0%, 20%, and 40% of the meridional chord length. They were called R25, R15, and R05, respectively, in the casing bellmouth model code. Guide blades for generating a pre-swirling flow were installed on the vertical wall surface of the casing. In addition, a vertical wall was installed 60% upstream of the meridional chord length as an obstacle to prevent axial inflow. The velocity fields of the rotor outlet were measured using a hot-wire anemometer. From the results, the pre-swirling flow did not significantly affect the fan performance. When there was no obstacles wall upstream, there was a partial increase in efficiency, but the difference was not so large. When there was an obstacle wall upstream, the efficiency increased overall in the case of R15, but in the case of R05, the efficiency increased only in the low flow rate region, and conversely decreased in the high flow rate region. By observing the blade outlet flow fields when the performance was improved, it was confirmed that the influence of the tip leakage vortex was weakened.
文摘In order to clarify the effect of tip clearance （TC） size on fan performance and the flow field at rotor outlet in a small semi-open axial fan, the experimental investigation was carried out. The tip diameter of test fan rotor was 180mm and test TC sizes were lmm （TC=1mm） and 4mm （TC=4mm）. Fan characteristics tests were carried out for two cases of TC size and three-dimensional velocity fields at rotor outlet were measured using a single slant hot-wire probe at four flow-rate conditions. As a result, it was found that the pressure - flow-rate characteristics curves for two cases showed almost the same tendency. However, the ensemble averaged velocity profiles along radial measurement stations of TC-4mm largely changed compared with that of TC=1mm in cases of small flow-rate condition. From the phase-locked averaging results, it was also found that the vortex existed in the rotor outlet flow field of high flow-rate condition for each TC case. Compared with the vortices for TC=1mm and TC=4mm, the vortex for TC=4mm was stronger than that for TC=1mm.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2018YFA0703004).
文摘The bio-engineered ovary is an essential technology for treating female infertility.Especially the development of relevant in vitro models could be a critical step in a drug study.Herein,we develop a semi-opened culturing system(SOCS)strategy that maintains a 3D structure of follicles during the culture.Based on the SOCS,we further developed micro-cavity ovary(MCO)with mouse follicles by the microsphere-templated technique,where sacrificial gelatin microspheres were mixed with photo-crosslinkable gelatin methacryloyl(GelMA)to engineer a micro-cavity niche for follicle growth.The semi-opened MCO could support the follicle growing to the antral stage,secreting hormones,and ovulating cumulus-oocyte complex out of the MCO without extra manipulation.The MCO-ovulated oocyte exhibits a highly similar transcriptome to the in vivo counterpart(correlation of 0.97)and can be fertilized.Moreover,we found that a high ROS level could affect the cumulus expansion,which may result in anovulation disorder.The damage could be rescued by melatonin,but the end of cumulus expansion was 3h earlier than anticipation,validating that MCO has the potential for investigating ovarian toxic agents in vitro.We provide a novel approach for building an in vitro ovarian model to recapitulate ovarian functions and test chemical toxicity,suggesting it has the potential for clinical research in the future.
基金This research is based on the findings of two research programmes with the acronyms BioCultural and BioVernacular funded by the University of Cyprus,2013-15 and by the Republic of Cyprus and the European Regional Development Fund,2012-14,respectively.
文摘Semi-open spaces-largely incorporated in vernacular dwellings in Cyprus during the 19th and 20th centuries-formed diachronically significant socio-cultural, functional and environmental features of the vernacular architecture of the area. The climate of the Eastern Mediterranean region, i.e., hot summers and mild winters, encouraged the use of open weather protected spaces, thus leading to the widespread incorporation of such spaces in the vernacular architecture of the region. This paper focuses on the interconnections between architectural forms and human comfort, convenience or pleasure in relation to the semiopen spaces found in the vernacular architecture of Cyprus-an island in the Eastern Mediterranean region. For the purpose of this research, characteristic traditional settlements found in the coastal, lowland and mountainous areas-which represent three different climatic regions and topographies of the island-were selected for an in-depth investigation. The findings confirm a high frequency of semi-open spaces, as well as the existence of a remarkable richness of typologies. Although semi-open spaces constitute a fundamental part of the structure of these vernacular dwellings in all climatic regions examined, they dominate in the lowland regions due to the particularly hot climate, as well as the specific activities of the inhabitants of these areas. The prevailing architectural forms and constructions of these spaces in each climatic region under investigation was found to be closely adapted to the local resources, terrain and climate, while also being related to the social, household and agricultural needs of the inhabitants, thus underlining their sustainable and locus-specific conception. Research findings can contribute towards critically re-thinking semi-open spaces and their inherent value in rehabilitation projects, as well as in contemporary residential architecture.
文摘In order to clarify the unsteady flow fields at low flow-rate region with positive gradient on pressure-flow-rate curve,the experimental investigation was carried out at rotor inlet and outside of rotor blade tip without casing in a semi-opened propeller fan using a hot-wire anemometer.A single I-type hot-wire probe was used,and the data obtained were processed by the use of phase-locked averaging,ensemble averaging and FFT analyzing.The flow fields at rotor inlet and outside of rotor blade tip were discussed mainly using the results from distributions of velocity fluctuations and power spectrum density.It was found from these results that there are the two types of different periodical fluctuations and both of those frequencies were not the same of rotor rotating frequency(RRF;15Hz).One was observed at relatively high flow-rate region at relatively downstream area in measurement and its frequency was approximately 7Hz(47% of RRF).The other was observed at relatively low flow-rate region at relatively upstream area in measurement and its frequency was approximately 10Hz(67% of RRF)".As the velocity fluctuations with the flow fields are rapidly increased by the former fluctuation,it is thought that its fluctuation is the trigger of blade stall.
