Reduced plant height is one of the most important traits related to lodging resistance and crop yield. The use of reduced height genes has been one of the main features in breeding modern high-yielding wheat varieties...Reduced plant height is one of the most important traits related to lodging resistance and crop yield. The use of reduced height genes has been one of the main features in breeding modern high-yielding wheat varieties with less lodging. A spontaneous dwarf mutant DD399 was identified in a high yielding, gibberellic acid(GA)-insensitive, lodging-resistant variety Nongda 399(ND399). Significant differences in upper internode lengths between mutant DD399 and wild type ND399 were caused by reduced cell elongation. The plant height of ND399 × DD399 F_(1) hybrids was intermediate between the parents, indicating incomplete dominance or a dose–response effect of a reduced height gene. Plant height showed continuous distribution in the F_(2) population, and segregation distortion was observed among the 2292 F_(2:3) progenies. The reduced height mutation was characterized by Illumina 90 K iSelect SNP genotyping and bulked segregant RNA-Seq(BSR-Seq) analysis of the segregating population. A concentrated cluster of polymorphic SNPs associated with the reduced height phenotype was detected in the distal region of chromosome arm 2 BL. Co-segregation of reduced height phenotype with the clustered markers revealed a 36 Mb terminal deletion of chromosome 2 BL in mutant DD399.展开更多
Six pairs of tall and dwarf near-isogenic lines derived from a dominant semi-dwarf mutant （Y98149） were selected to study height expression and sensitivity to gibberellic acid （GA3）. The lengths of the 4-5th inter...Six pairs of tall and dwarf near-isogenic lines derived from a dominant semi-dwarf mutant （Y98149） were selected to study height expression and sensitivity to gibberellic acid （GA3）. The lengths of the 4-5th internode, the 3rd, 2nd, 1st internodes from the top and the panicle length in the six dwarf near isogenic lines were 97.2%, 53.3%, 65.1%, 61.9% and 94.7% of those in the six tall ones, respectively, indicating that the dominant semi-dwarfing gene significantly inhibited the internode elongation. Moreover, Y98149 （mutant type） was more sensitive to GA3 than Y98148 （wild type）, and had a lower GA3 concentration in plant, about 78% of Y98148.展开更多
In the winter of 1997, a semi-dwarf mutant was found inthe F6 population of M9056/ R8018 xuan in HainanProvince. In the spring of 1998, the seeds were sown inHefei, Anhui Province and the plant height of the popula-ti...In the winter of 1997, a semi-dwarf mutant was found inthe F6 population of M9056/ R8018 xuan in HainanProvince. In the spring of 1998, the seeds were sown inHefei, Anhui Province and the plant height of the popula-tion was measured at maturity. Results showed that29. 4% of the plants had the same height as the high par-ent had, and 70. 6% remained semi-dwarf. In the winterof 1998, the reciprocal crosses between the remained se-mi-dwarf line and the two wild-type parental lines were展开更多
The agricultural Green Revolution gave rise to semi-dwarf varieties that increased wheat and rice yields under nitrogen-intensive and high-density planting conditions.However,maize,a cornerstone of global food securit...The agricultural Green Revolution gave rise to semi-dwarf varieties that increased wheat and rice yields under nitrogen-intensive and high-density planting conditions.However,maize,a cornerstone of global food security,has not undergone equivalent architectural improvement.During the 1940s-1960s,signifi-cant yield gains in maize were achieved via hybrid breeding.Nevertheless,the growing demand for high-density planting has exposed challenges for maize,such as lodging susceptibility and nutrient competition,driving an urgent need for shorter hybrid maize varieties.Here,we summarize recent advances in maize height regulation,architectural optimization,and nitrogen-use efficiency,which provide actionable targets for semi-dwarf maize breeding.Recent biotechnology breakthroughs now enable the development of semi-dwarf maize varieties with enhanced lodging resistance and reduced fertilizer dependency,thereby over-coming the historical limitations of Green Revolution varieties.We propose that semi-dwarf maize holds the potential to revolutionize maize production by enhancing resilience,yield,and sustainability.展开更多
The introduction of Reduced height(Rht)genes into wheat varieties has been pivotal in developing semidwarf plant architectures,significantly improving lodging resistance and harvest indices.Therefore,identifying new R...The introduction of Reduced height(Rht)genes into wheat varieties has been pivotal in developing semidwarf plant architectures,significantly improving lodging resistance and harvest indices.Therefore,identifying new Rht gene resources for breeding semi-dwarf wheat cultivars has been a key strategy for ensuring high and stable grain yields since the 1960s.In this study,we report the map-based cloning of TaERF-A1,which encodes an AP2/ERF(APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor)transcription factor that acts as a positive regulator of wheat stem elongation,as a novel gene that regulates plant height and spike length.The natural variant,TaERF-A1^(JD6),features a Phe(derived from’Nongda3338’)to Ser(derived from’Jingdong6’)substitution at position 178,which significantly reduces the stability of the TaERF-A1 protein.This substitution leads to partially attenuated transcriptional activation of downstream target genes,including TaPIF4(Triticum aestivum Phytochrome Interacting Factor 4),thereby restricting stem and spike elongation.Importantly,the introgression of the semi-dwarfing allele TaERF-A1^(JD6)into wheat can significantly enhance lodging resistance,particularly in dense cropping systems.Therefore,our study identifies TaERF-A1^(JD6)as a new Rht gene resource for breeding semi-dwarf wheat varieties with increased yield stability.展开更多
Application and functional study of dwarf and semi-dwarf genes are of great importance to both crop breeding and molecular biology. A new semi-dwarf gene, sd-t(t), non-allelic to sd-1,had been identified in an indica ...Application and functional study of dwarf and semi-dwarf genes are of great importance to both crop breeding and molecular biology. A new semi-dwarf gene, sd-t(t), non-allelic to sd-1,had been identified in an indica rice variety, Aitaiyin 2. In this study the gene was genetically mapped by using an F2 population, which consisted of 474 individuals developed from a cross between Aitaiyin 2 and B30. The sd-t(t) gene was located between the RFLP markers R514 and R1408B with a distance of 1.1 cM to R514, and 4.5 cM to R1408B on chromosome 4. A physical contig covering the sd-t(t) mapping region was further constructed by screening a BAC library with R514 and R1408B as probes, and the physical distance between R514 and R1408B was estimated at approximately 147 kb. This result will facilitate map-based cloning of the sd-t(t) gene.展开更多
对2007、2008两年在适宜密度下半矮蔓（1．8株／m^2）和矮蔓（2．4株／m^2）各2个西葫芦品种的冠层结构指标与产量进行了研究，结果表明，日光温室中，不同矮蔓型西葫芦品种的冠层结构不同，半矮蔓品种的冠层高度是矮蔓品种的1．63倍，...对2007、2008两年在适宜密度下半矮蔓（1．8株／m^2）和矮蔓（2．4株／m^2）各2个西葫芦品种的冠层结构指标与产量进行了研究，结果表明，日光温室中，不同矮蔓型西葫芦品种的冠层结构不同，半矮蔓品种的冠层高度是矮蔓品种的1．63倍，最大叶面积指数较矮蔓品种高1．06，而叶面积密度较矮蔓品种低1．25m^-1；半矮蔓品种的叶片较上举，功能叶片与主茎夹角在45°～65°之间，矮蔓品种的叶片比较平展，功能叶与主茎夹角在65°～90°之间，结果期平均叶倾角（mean tilt angle，MTA）半矮蔓品种大于矮蔓品种；半矮蔓品种冠层的整体受光态势良好，消光系数平均为0．67，矮蔓品种为0．82。半矮蔓品种与矮蔓品种早熟性上差异不显著，但总产量显著高于矮蔓品种，平均增产24．3％，单株产量的显著提高是其增产的主要原因。产量与结果中期的冠层结构指标相关性最大，其次是结果后期，与苗期相关性最小，结果期维持较高较稳的冠层高度、叶面积指数（1eaf area index，IAI），较低的叶面积密度，有利于西葫芦产量的形成。展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0100302)the Science and Technology Service Network Initiative of Chinese Academy of Sciences(KFJ-STS-ZDTP-024)。
文摘Reduced plant height is one of the most important traits related to lodging resistance and crop yield. The use of reduced height genes has been one of the main features in breeding modern high-yielding wheat varieties with less lodging. A spontaneous dwarf mutant DD399 was identified in a high yielding, gibberellic acid(GA)-insensitive, lodging-resistant variety Nongda 399(ND399). Significant differences in upper internode lengths between mutant DD399 and wild type ND399 were caused by reduced cell elongation. The plant height of ND399 × DD399 F_(1) hybrids was intermediate between the parents, indicating incomplete dominance or a dose–response effect of a reduced height gene. Plant height showed continuous distribution in the F_(2) population, and segregation distortion was observed among the 2292 F_(2:3) progenies. The reduced height mutation was characterized by Illumina 90 K iSelect SNP genotyping and bulked segregant RNA-Seq(BSR-Seq) analysis of the segregating population. A concentrated cluster of polymorphic SNPs associated with the reduced height phenotype was detected in the distal region of chromosome arm 2 BL. Co-segregation of reduced height phenotype with the clustered markers revealed a 36 Mb terminal deletion of chromosome 2 BL in mutant DD399.
基金This work was supported by the grants of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.3037863)Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province,China(No.01041103).
文摘Six pairs of tall and dwarf near-isogenic lines derived from a dominant semi-dwarf mutant （Y98149） were selected to study height expression and sensitivity to gibberellic acid （GA3）. The lengths of the 4-5th internode, the 3rd, 2nd, 1st internodes from the top and the panicle length in the six dwarf near isogenic lines were 97.2%, 53.3%, 65.1%, 61.9% and 94.7% of those in the six tall ones, respectively, indicating that the dominant semi-dwarfing gene significantly inhibited the internode elongation. Moreover, Y98149 （mutant type） was more sensitive to GA3 than Y98148 （wild type）, and had a lower GA3 concentration in plant, about 78% of Y98148.
文摘In the winter of 1997, a semi-dwarf mutant was found inthe F6 population of M9056/ R8018 xuan in HainanProvince. In the spring of 1998, the seeds were sown inHefei, Anhui Province and the plant height of the popula-tion was measured at maturity. Results showed that29. 4% of the plants had the same height as the high par-ent had, and 70. 6% remained semi-dwarf. In the winterof 1998, the reciprocal crosses between the remained se-mi-dwarf line and the two wild-type parental lines were
基金supported by the Beijing Rural Revitalization Agricultural Science and Technology Project(NY2401060025)the Biological Breeding-Major Projects(2023ZD0402705)+1 种基金the Beijing Scholars Program(BSPO41)the Special Program for Science and Technology Innovation Capacity Building of the Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences(KJCX20240332).
文摘The agricultural Green Revolution gave rise to semi-dwarf varieties that increased wheat and rice yields under nitrogen-intensive and high-density planting conditions.However,maize,a cornerstone of global food security,has not undergone equivalent architectural improvement.During the 1940s-1960s,signifi-cant yield gains in maize were achieved via hybrid breeding.Nevertheless,the growing demand for high-density planting has exposed challenges for maize,such as lodging susceptibility and nutrient competition,driving an urgent need for shorter hybrid maize varieties.Here,we summarize recent advances in maize height regulation,architectural optimization,and nitrogen-use efficiency,which provide actionable targets for semi-dwarf maize breeding.Recent biotechnology breakthroughs now enable the development of semi-dwarf maize varieties with enhanced lodging resistance and reduced fertilizer dependency,thereby over-coming the historical limitations of Green Revolution varieties.We propose that semi-dwarf maize holds the potential to revolutionize maize production by enhancing resilience,yield,and sustainability.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32101767 to L.C.and 31991210 to Q.S.)the Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory(B21HJ0111 to Z.N.)the Pinduoduo-China Agricultural University Research Fund(PC2023A01003 to Z.N.).
文摘The introduction of Reduced height(Rht)genes into wheat varieties has been pivotal in developing semidwarf plant architectures,significantly improving lodging resistance and harvest indices.Therefore,identifying new Rht gene resources for breeding semi-dwarf wheat cultivars has been a key strategy for ensuring high and stable grain yields since the 1960s.In this study,we report the map-based cloning of TaERF-A1,which encodes an AP2/ERF(APETALA2/ethylene responsive factor)transcription factor that acts as a positive regulator of wheat stem elongation,as a novel gene that regulates plant height and spike length.The natural variant,TaERF-A1^(JD6),features a Phe(derived from’Nongda3338’)to Ser(derived from’Jingdong6’)substitution at position 178,which significantly reduces the stability of the TaERF-A1 protein.This substitution leads to partially attenuated transcriptional activation of downstream target genes,including TaPIF4(Triticum aestivum Phytochrome Interacting Factor 4),thereby restricting stem and spike elongation.Importantly,the introgression of the semi-dwarfing allele TaERF-A1^(JD6)into wheat can significantly enhance lodging resistance,particularly in dense cropping systems.Therefore,our study identifies TaERF-A1^(JD6)as a new Rht gene resource for breeding semi-dwarf wheat varieties with increased yield stability.
基金This work was supported by the Chinese 973 Program (Grant Nos. G1999011606 & G1999011604).
文摘Application and functional study of dwarf and semi-dwarf genes are of great importance to both crop breeding and molecular biology. A new semi-dwarf gene, sd-t(t), non-allelic to sd-1,had been identified in an indica rice variety, Aitaiyin 2. In this study the gene was genetically mapped by using an F2 population, which consisted of 474 individuals developed from a cross between Aitaiyin 2 and B30. The sd-t(t) gene was located between the RFLP markers R514 and R1408B with a distance of 1.1 cM to R514, and 4.5 cM to R1408B on chromosome 4. A physical contig covering the sd-t(t) mapping region was further constructed by screening a BAC library with R514 and R1408B as probes, and the physical distance between R514 and R1408B was estimated at approximately 147 kb. This result will facilitate map-based cloning of the sd-t(t) gene.
文摘对2007、2008两年在适宜密度下半矮蔓（1．8株／m^2）和矮蔓（2．4株／m^2）各2个西葫芦品种的冠层结构指标与产量进行了研究，结果表明，日光温室中，不同矮蔓型西葫芦品种的冠层结构不同，半矮蔓品种的冠层高度是矮蔓品种的1．63倍，最大叶面积指数较矮蔓品种高1．06，而叶面积密度较矮蔓品种低1．25m^-1；半矮蔓品种的叶片较上举，功能叶片与主茎夹角在45°～65°之间，矮蔓品种的叶片比较平展，功能叶与主茎夹角在65°～90°之间，结果期平均叶倾角（mean tilt angle，MTA）半矮蔓品种大于矮蔓品种；半矮蔓品种冠层的整体受光态势良好，消光系数平均为0．67，矮蔓品种为0．82。半矮蔓品种与矮蔓品种早熟性上差异不显著，但总产量显著高于矮蔓品种，平均增产24．3％，单株产量的显著提高是其增产的主要原因。产量与结果中期的冠层结构指标相关性最大，其次是结果后期，与苗期相关性最小，结果期维持较高较稳的冠层高度、叶面积指数（1eaf area index，IAI），较低的叶面积密度，有利于西葫芦产量的形成。
