BACKGROUND A total of 100 patients diagnosed with mixed hemorrhoids from October 2022 to September 2023 in our hospital were randomly divided into groups by dice rolling and compared with the efficacy of different tre...BACKGROUND A total of 100 patients diagnosed with mixed hemorrhoids from October 2022 to September 2023 in our hospital were randomly divided into groups by dice rolling and compared with the efficacy of different treatment options.AIM To analyze the clinical effect and prognosis of mixed hemorrhoids treated with polidocanol injection combined with automatic elastic thread ligation operation(RPH).METHODS A total of 100 patients with mixed hemorrhoids who visited our hospital from October 2022 to September 2023 were selected and randomly divided into the control group(n=50)and the treatment group(n=50)by rolling the dice.The procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids(PPH)was adopted in the control group,while polidocanol foam injection+RPH was adopted in the treatment group.The therapeutic effects,operation time,wound healing time,hospital stay,pain situation(24 hours post-operative pain score,first defecation pain score),quality of life(QOL),incidence of complications(post-operative hemorrhage,edema,infection),incidence of anal stenosis 3 months post-operatively and recurrence rate 1 year post-operatively of the two groups were compared.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the total effective rate of treatment group was higher,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).The operation time/wound healing time/hospital stay in the treatment group were shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05).The pain scores at 24 hours after operation/first defecation pain score of the treatment group was significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).After surgery,the QOL scores of the two groups decreased,with the treatment group having higher scores than that of the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the incidence of postoperative complications in the treatment group was lower,and the difference was significant(P<0.05);However,there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative bleeding between the two groups(P>0.05);There was no significant difference in the incidence of anal stenosis 3 months after operation and the recurrence rate 1 year after operation between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION For patients with mixed hemorrhoids,the therapeutic effect achieved by using polidocanol injection combined with RPH was better.The wounds of the patients healed faster,the postoperative pain was milder,QOL improved,and the incidence of complications was lower,and the short-term and long-term prognosis was good.展开更多
In the scenario of a steam generator tube rupture accident in a lead-cooled fast reactor,secondary circuit subcooled water under high pressure is injected into an ordinary-pressure primary vessel,where a molten lead-b...In the scenario of a steam generator tube rupture accident in a lead-cooled fast reactor,secondary circuit subcooled water under high pressure is injected into an ordinary-pressure primary vessel,where a molten lead-based alloy(typically pure lead or lead-bismuth eutectic(LBE))is used as the coolant.To clarify the pressure build-up characteristics under water-jet injection,this study conducted several experiments by injecting pressurized water into a molten LBE pool at Sun Yat-sen University.To obtain a further understanding,several new experimental parameters were adopted,including the melt temperature,water subcooling,injection pressure,injection duration,and nozzle diameter.Through detailed analyses,it was found that the pressure and temperature during the water-melt interaction exhibited a consistent variation trend with our previous water-droplet injection mode LBE experiment.Similarly,the existence of a steam explosion was confirmed,which typically results in a much stronger pressure build-up.For the non-explosion cases,increasing the injection pressure,melt-pool temperature,nozzle diameter,and water subcooling promoted pressure build-up in the melt pool.However,a limited enhancement effect was observed when increasing the injection duration,which may be owing to the continually rising pressure in the interaction vessel or the isolation effect of the generated steam cavity.Regardless of whether a steam explosion occurred,the calculated mechanical and kinetic energy conversion efficiencies of the melt were relatively small(not exceeding 4.1%and 0.7%,respectively).Moreover,the range of the conversion efficiency was similar to that of previous water-droplet experiments,although the upper limit of the jet mode was slightly lower.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intramuscular corticosteroid injection may cause adverse effects such as dermal and/or subcutaneous atrophy,alopecia,hypopigmentation,and hyperpigmentation.Although cutaneous atrophy can spontaneously resol...BACKGROUND Intramuscular corticosteroid injection may cause adverse effects such as dermal and/or subcutaneous atrophy,alopecia,hypopigmentation,and hyperpigmentation.Although cutaneous atrophy can spontaneously resolve,several treatment options have been suggested for this condition.CASE SUMMARY In this paper,we report a case of corticosteroid injection induced lipoatrophy treated with autologous whole blood(AWB)injection,as the condition had been unresponsive to fractional laser therapy.A 29-year-old female patient visited the dermatology clinic complaining of skin depression on her right buttock area,which had appeared six months earlier.There had been only subtle improvement at the margins after fractional CO_(2) laser treatment;therefore,after obtaining informed consent from the patient,AWB treatment was initiated.One month after the first AWB injection,the size and depth of the lesion had noticeably improved,and a slight improvement was also observed in discoloration.CONCLUSION Close observation is the initial treatment of choice for steroid induced skin atrophy;however,for patients in need of immediate cosmetic improvement,AWB injection may be a safe and cost-effective alternative.展开更多
Chronic migraine is a potentially debilitating condition that can be detrimental to someone’s quality of life. Clinical data has proven OnabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT-A) to be an effective prophylactic treatment for chroni...Chronic migraine is a potentially debilitating condition that can be detrimental to someone’s quality of life. Clinical data has proven OnabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT-A) to be an effective prophylactic treatment for chronic headache types, and it is now regularly employed by headache treatment centers. The PREEMPT injection protocol has become the standard treatment regimen surrounding Botox injections for chronic migraine treatment since it was granted approval by the FDA in 2010. This retrospective chart review of patients treated for chronic migraine at Maine Comprehensive Pain Management in Scarborough, Maine, presents an alteration to the standard PREEMPT injection paradigm that reinforces the efficacy of Botox for chronic migraine treatment. We will discuss our Modified PREEMPT injection paradigm, which yields a positive clinical response rate of 95% of patients achieving at least 50% improvement in their migraine headaches. This appears to be the highest established response rate in the literature to date.展开更多
Using natural gas(NG)as the primary fuel helps alleviate the fossil fuel crisis while reducing engine soot and nitrogen oxide(NO_(X))emissions.In this paper,the influences of a novel split injection concept on an NG h...Using natural gas(NG)as the primary fuel helps alleviate the fossil fuel crisis while reducing engine soot and nitrogen oxide(NO_(X))emissions.In this paper,the influences of a novel split injection concept on an NG high pressure direct injection(HPDI)engine are examined.Four typical split injection strategies,namely split pre-injection of pilot diesel(PD)and NG,split post-injection of PD and NG,split pre-injection of NG,and split post-injection of PD,were developed to investigate the influences on combustion and emissions.Results revealed that split pre injection of NG enhanced the atomization of PD,whereas the split post-injection of NG lowered the temperature in the core region of the PD spray,resulting in the deterioration of combustion.The effect of the split injection strategy on indicated thermal efficiency exceeded 7.5%.Split pre-injection was favorable to enhancing thermal efficiency,whereas split post-injection was not.Ignition delay,combustion duration,and premixed combustion time proportion were affected by injection strategies by 3.8%,50%,and 19.7%,respectively.Split pre-injection increased CH_(4) emission in the exhaust.Split post-injection,especially split post-injection of PD and NG,reduced the unburned CH_(4) emission by approximately 30%.When the split post-injection ratio was less than 30%,the trade-off between NO_(X) and soot was interrupted.The distribution range of hydroxyl radicals was expanded by pre-injection,and NO_(X) was generated in the region where the NG jet hit the wall.This paper provides valuable insights into the optimization of HPDI injection parameters.展开更多
This study aimed to investigate the impact of administration routes in establishing the Adriamycin(ADR)-induced chronic kidney disease(CKD)model.Using BALB/c mice,we compared the effects of conventional tail-vein inje...This study aimed to investigate the impact of administration routes in establishing the Adriamycin(ADR)-induced chronic kidney disease(CKD)model.Using BALB/c mice,we compared the effects of conventional tail-vein injection(TV10,10 mg/kg)to those of retro-orbital sinus(orbital vein)injection(OV10,10 mg/kg;OV8,8 mg/kg).The re-sults indicated that the OV10 group exhibited CKD pathology similar to the TV10 group,with both groups demonstrating significantly higher urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(p<0.05),tubular injury(p<0.05),and degree of renal fibrosis(p<0.05)than the OV8 group.No significant differences were observed between the OV10 and TV10 groups in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio,tubular injury,and degree of renal fibrosis.These findings demonstrated that retro-orbital administration of 10 mg/kg ADR in-duces comparable effects to conventional tail-vein administration.This technique's technical simplicity may improve experimental efficiency,reproducibility,and animal welfare in CKD research.In conclusion,this study validates the utility of retro-orbital injection in CKD model establishment,demonstrating its potential to standardize and improve the reliability of future CKD research protocols.展开更多
Wen-lin Gong1,Chuang Sha2,Gang Du1,Zhong-gui Shan3,Zhong-quan Qi3,Su-fang Zhou1,Nuo Yang1,4,Yong-xiang Zhao1,4.First published:21 June 2017;10(5):454-460.DOI:10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.05.004 The authors would like to corre...Wen-lin Gong1,Chuang Sha2,Gang Du1,Zhong-gui Shan3,Zhong-quan Qi3,Su-fang Zhou1,Nuo Yang1,4,Yong-xiang Zhao1,4.First published:21 June 2017;10(5):454-460.DOI:10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.05.004 The authors would like to correct an error in Figure 3 in which the flow cytometric scattergram of CD4/CD44 for the control group was erroneously used for the scattergram of CD8/CD44 for the PVIDSC group.The correct scattergram of CD8/CD44 for the PVIDSC group is provided below.The error does not affect the conclusion of the study.The authors apologize for the error and the inconvenience it might have caused to readers.展开更多
Propofol(2,6-di-isopropylphenol) is a short-acting,intravenous sedative drug.^([1,2]) The pharmacologic mechanism of propofol is related to its agonistic effects on the gamma-amino butyric acid receptor.^([1-3]) Propo...Propofol(2,6-di-isopropylphenol) is a short-acting,intravenous sedative drug.^([1,2]) The pharmacologic mechanism of propofol is related to its agonistic effects on the gamma-amino butyric acid receptor.^([1-3]) Propofol injection pain(PIP) is well-known in the operating room and is commonly countered by the prophylactic administration of lidocaine.In anesthesia,PIP is encountered in 28%–90% of patients.^([4,5]) However,PIPprophylaxis does not seem to be efficacious in every population.^([6,7]) Whether procedural sedation and analgesia(PSA) in the emergency department(ED) warrants lidocaine administration is unclear.展开更多
Subcutaneous administration of low-molecularweight heparin(LMWH)has been widely accepted as an effective anticoagulation therapy and is frequently used for patients to prevent thromboembolic events.While the usually s...Subcutaneous administration of low-molecularweight heparin(LMWH)has been widely accepted as an effective anticoagulation therapy and is frequently used for patients to prevent thromboembolic events.While the usually seen bruising around the injection site during subcutaneous LMWH treatment,the abdominal wall(AW)hematoma(AWH)was scarcely observed and reported.A previous study demonstrated the usual etiological risk of AWH involved anticoagulation therapy,chronic kidney disease,and trauma.^([1])Most of these cases had a favorable prognosis after conservative treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND The accuracy of blind intra-articular injections in the shoulder is rather low.Inaccurate injections tend to lead to poorer treatment outcomes.The“Delaware posterior bone touch technique”has shown higher ...BACKGROUND The accuracy of blind intra-articular injections in the shoulder is rather low.Inaccurate injections tend to lead to poorer treatment outcomes.The“Delaware posterior bone touch technique”has shown higher accuracy in young,slender,healthy volunteers than the classical“Cyriax technique”.AIM To investigate whether the Delaware technique would also be more accurate in older patients with capsulitis.METHODS We analyzed the files of 100 consecutive patients with capsulitis who were treated with an intra-articular injection containing a mixture of triamcinolone,lidocaine,and air.After the injection,the shoulder was moved to determine whether a squishing sound could be produced.The squishing sound was interpreted as an accurate injection.The scores with the new Delaware technique were compared against those with the Cyriax technique in a previous study.RESULTS Squishing was heard after 87%of the injections.This was 13%(10%points)more than the 77%in the previous study(P=0.004).CONCLUSION The Delaware technique was significantly more accurate than the Cyriax technique also in middle aged patients with capsulitis.We hypothesize that the difference is caused by a lower risk that a part of the opening of the needle is still outside the capsule.展开更多
The long-term stability of CO_(2) storage represents a pivotal challenge in geological CO_(2) storage(CGS),particularly within deep saline aquifers characterized by complex fault-block systems.While the injection site...The long-term stability of CO_(2) storage represents a pivotal challenge in geological CO_(2) storage(CGS),particularly within deep saline aquifers characterized by complex fault-block systems.While the injection sites and rate under different fault structures will directly affect the CO_(2) storage effect and the risk of leakage.This study investigates the Gaoyou Sag in the Subei Basin,a representative fault-block reservoir,through an integrated numerical-experimental approach.A three-dimensional simulation model incorporating multiphase flow dynamics was developed to characterize subsurface CO_(2) transport and dissolution processes.A novel fault seal capacity evaluation framework was proposed,integrating three critical geological indices(fault throw/reservoir thickness/caprock thicknesses)with the coupling of formation physical properties,temperature,and pressure for the rational selection of injection sites and rates.The results show that Optimal storage performance is observed when the fault throw is lower than the reservoir and caprock thicknesses.Furthermore,higher temperature and pressure promote the dissolution and diffusion of CO_(2),while compared to the structural form of faults,the physical properties of faults have a more significant effect on CO_(2) leakage.The larger reservoir space and the presence of an interlayer reduce the risk of CO_(2) leakage,and augmenting storage potential.Decreasing the injection rate increases the proportion of dissolved CO_(2),thereby enhancing the safety of CO_(2) storage.展开更多
The kerosene-fueled Scramjet with multi-cavity combustor has the potential to serve aspropulsion system for hypersonic flight.However,the impact of injection positions on combustionperformance and mechanism at high Ma...The kerosene-fueled Scramjet with multi-cavity combustor has the potential to serve aspropulsion system for hypersonic flight.However,the impact of injection positions on combustionperformance and mechanism at high Mach numbers remains uncertain.Therefore,a comparativestudy was conducted using numerical methods to explore multi-cavity Scramjet combustor perfor-mance at a flight Mach number 7.0 with different injection positions.The combustor is equippedwith 6 cavities arranged in three groups along the flow direction,each consisting of two cavities per-pendicular to the flow.It is shown that the injection location significantly influences combustionperformance:Front-injection yields higher combustion efficiency than post-injection,but post-injection is advantageous for the intake start.Additionally,regardless of injection positions,themainstream flow state near the cavities behind the injection can be categorized as supersonic flow,supersonic-subsonic coexistence flow,and subsonic flow.The optimal length from the downstreamto the trailing edge of the cavities behind the injection for achieving maximum combustion effi-ciency is determined.Further extension beyond this optimal length does not significantly increasethe combustion efficiency.In addition,the optimal length varies with different injection positions-specifically,it is about 60%longer with post-injection conditions than with front-injection con-ditions in this investigation.Moreover,significant secondary combustion within the cavities leadingto improved efficiency only occurs when mainstream flow state is either supersonic flow orsupersonic-subsonic coexistence flow.Also,with a well-optimized design,the kerosene-fueledmulti-cavity Scramjet can achieve enhanced combustion efficiency,which shows relatively smallvariation across a wide range of equivalence ratios.This might be caused by the effects of interac-tion among these multiple cavities.Therefore,these research findings can provide valuable insightsfor designing and optimizing the kerosene-fueled multi-cavity combustor in Scramjet at high Machnumbers.展开更多
BACKGROUND Intra-articular hip injections(IAHIs)are commonly used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes but are often associated with patient anxiety and fear.The disparity between anticipated and experienced pain d...BACKGROUND Intra-articular hip injections(IAHIs)are commonly used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes but are often associated with patient anxiety and fear.The disparity between anticipated and experienced pain during IAHIs and the role of preinjection local anesthesia in pain modulation remains unclear.AIM To investigate the difference between anticipated and experienced pain during IAHIs and the impact of pre-injection local anesthesia.METHODS This prospective study enrolled 60 patients undergoing IAHI,30 receiving pre-injection superficial local anesthesia and 30 serving as a control group without pre-injection local anesthesia.Pain levels were assessed using numeric rating scales.RESULTS Patients significantly overestimated anticipated pain compared to experienced pain(6.43±2.48 vs 3.68±2.37,P<0.001).Pre-injection local anesthesia did not significantly reduce experienced pain(3.19±2.38 vs 4.20±2.29,P=0.130).CONCLUSION Patients overestimate anticipated pain during IAHIs.Pre-injection local anesthesia does not reduce experienced pain.展开更多
Fuel injection properties,including the injection rate(temporal aspects)and spray behavior(spatial aspects),play a crucial role in the combustion efficiency and emissions of diesel engines.This study investigates the ...Fuel injection properties,including the injection rate(temporal aspects)and spray behavior(spatial aspects),play a crucial role in the combustion efficiency and emissions of diesel engines.This study investigates the effects of different ethanol-biodiesel-diesel(EBD)blends on the injection performance in diesel engines.Experimental tests are conducted to examine key injection parameters,such as spray penetration distance,spray cone angle,and droplet size,alongside an analysis of coupling leakage.The main findings are as follows:(1)The injection behavior of ethanol and diesel differs significantly.The addition of ethanol reduces the density,viscosity,and modulus of elasticity of the fuel mixture.While the injection advance angle,penetration distance,and Sauter mean diameter show minimal changes,the spray cone angle and coupling leakage increase notably.These alterations may disrupt the“fuelair-chamber”matching characteristics of the original engine,potentially affecting performance.(2)In contrast,the injection performance of biodiesel ismore similar to that of diesel.As biodiesel content increases,the density,viscosity,and modulus of elasticity of the blended fuel also grow.Though changes in injection timing,penetration distance,and spray cone angle remain minimal,the Sauter mean diameter experiences a slight increase.The“air-fuel chamber”compatibility of the original engine is largely unaffected,though fuel atomization slightly deteriorates.Blending up to 20%biodiesel and 30%ethanol with diesel effectively compensates for the shortcomings of using single fuels,maintaining favorable injection dynamics while enhancing lubrication and sealing performance of engine components.展开更多
Background : Traditional DNA microinjection methods used in mammals are difficult to apply to avian species due to their unique reproductive characteristics. Genetic manipulation in chickens, particularly involving im...Background : Traditional DNA microinjection methods used in mammals are difficult to apply to avian species due to their unique reproductive characteristics. Genetic manipulation in chickens, particularly involving immature follicles within living ovaries, has not been extensively explored. This study seeks to establish an efficient method for generating transgenic chickens through ovarian injection, potentially bypassing the challenges associated with primordial germ cell (PGC) manipulation and fertilized egg microinjection. Methods : Hens were anesthetized and underwent a surgical procedure to access the ovary for DNA injection into immature follicles. The study used liposomes to deliver GFP- expressing plasmids at various dosages. After injection, hens recovered, and their eggs were fertilized through artificial insemination. Results : Transgenic chickens were successfully generated in one generation without needing G0 founders. The injection of 20 μg plasmid yielded the highest transgenic efficiency at 12.1%. GFP- positive embryos were confirmed through microscopy, and successful transgene expression was validated at the tissue level using immunostaining. TERT and GFP elements introduced in the G1 generation resulted in 4.1% positive transgene rates, as confirmed by PCR and Southern blotting. Conclusion : This ovarian injection method offers a promising alternative for avian genetic manipulation, bypassing complex PGC procedures and enabling direct generation of G1 transgenic chickens. This technique simplifies the transgenic process for chickens and has the potential to be adapted for other avian species, especially those without established PGCs culture systems.展开更多
Background:Houttuynia cordata injection(HCI),made from fresh Houttuynia cordata,exerts heat-clearing,detoxifying and diuretic effects.It is indicated for various infections including lung abscess,fever,leucorrhea,urin...Background:Houttuynia cordata injection(HCI),made from fresh Houttuynia cordata,exerts heat-clearing,detoxifying and diuretic effects.It is indicated for various infections including lung abscess,fever,leucorrhea,urinary tract infection and carbuncle.Candida albicans is a common opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals.This pathogenic fungus colonizes in skin,mucosa membrane and digestive tract,potentially progressing from localized mucosal infections to systemic disease.Methods:The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of HCI against C.albicans strain was determined by the microdilution method.The hyphal status of C.albicans was observed after incubation in the liquid medium and evaluated by Gram staining.The biofilm formation ability was measured using XTT reduction assay and assessed by Calcofluor White staining.The expression of virulence-related genes was detected with quantitative RT-PCR.Results:The MIC of HCI against C.albicans strain was determined to be 0.5 g/mL.At this concentration,HCI exhibited inhibitory effects on hyphal formation,as confirmed by both liquid medium observation and Gram staining.HCI at the MIC also effectively inhibited C.albicans biofilm formation,which was verified through XTT reduction assay and Calcofluor White staining.Additionally,gene expression analysis revealed that HCI significantly suppressed the expression of virulence-related genes in C.albicans.Conclusion:HCI demonstrates inhibitory effects on C.albicans growth and biofilm development.It inhibits hyphal formation,affecting the yeast-to-hyphal transition.This study investigated the antifungal effects of HCI,providing potent experimental evidence for its mechanism of action against C.albicans.展开更多
Hydrogen displays the potential to partially replace pulverized coal injection(PCI)in the blast furnace,and it can reduce CO_(2)emissions.In this paper,a three-dimensional mathematical model of hydrogen and pulverized...Hydrogen displays the potential to partially replace pulverized coal injection(PCI)in the blast furnace,and it can reduce CO_(2)emissions.In this paper,a three-dimensional mathematical model of hydrogen and pulverized coal co-injection in blast furnace tuyere was established through numerical simulation,and the effect of hydrogen injection and oxygen enrichment interaction on pulverized coal combustion and raceway smelting was investigated.The simulation results indicate that when the coal injection rate decreased from 36 to 30t/h and the hydrogen injection increased from 0 to 3600 m^(3)/h,the CO_(2)emissions decreased from 1860 to 1551 kg/t,which represents a16.6%reduction,and the pulverized coal burnout decreased from 70.1%to 63.7%.The heat released from hydrogen combustion can not only promote the volatilization of pulverized coal but also affect the combustion reaction between volatilization and oxygen,which resulted in a decrease in the temperature at the end of the raceway.Co-injection of hydrogen with PCI increased the wall temperature near the upper half part of the raceway and at the outlet of the tuyere,which required a high cooling efficiency to extend the service life of the blast furnace.The increase in oxygen level compensated for the decreased average temperature in the raceway due to hydrogen injection.The increase in the oxygen content by 3%while maintaining constant hydrogen and PCI injection rates increased the burnout and average raceway temperature by 4.2%and 43 K,respectively.The mole fraction of CO and H_(2) production increased by 0.04 and 0.02,respectively.Burnout can be improved through optimization of the particle size distribution of pulverized coal.展开更多
The occurrence time and magnitude of injection-induced seismicity are influenced by engineering factors,such as wellhead pressure,injection location,injection volume,and injection rate.Understanding the relationship b...The occurrence time and magnitude of injection-induced seismicity are influenced by engineering factors,such as wellhead pressure,injection location,injection volume,and injection rate.Understanding the relationship between injection operations and seismic magnitude is of great significance for optimizing industrial production and reducing earthquake disasters.Numerical simulation of hydromechanical coupling is a crucial method for studying injection-induced seismicity.However,few studies have explored the risk management measures for injection-induced seismicity from the perspective of engineering.How seismic magnitudes can be reduced through reasonable adjustments to injection operations in engineering remains unclear.Therefore,in this study,a 3D hydro-mechanical coupling model involving multiple faults and injection wells was established based on the geological background and well location of Fox Creek,Canada.Different injection schemes under multi-well and multi-fault conditions were studied,and a traffic light system was used to simulate and control the magnitudes under a multi-well injection scheme.Specifically,we simulated injection scenarios involving up to three wells and analyzed the response of five faults.We compared the maximum moment magnitude of different scenarios by controlling the same injection volume.The results revealed the effect and advantage of the multi-well scheme in reducing seismic magnitude.To reduce the risk of induced seismicity,utilizing far-fault operational wells to compensate for the effects of near-fault operational wells proves to be an efficient and cost-effective method,with potential for wide practical applications.展开更多
Structured Query Language(SQL)injection attacks have become the most common means of attacking Web applications due to their simple implementation and high degree of harm.Traditional injection attack detection techniq...Structured Query Language(SQL)injection attacks have become the most common means of attacking Web applications due to their simple implementation and high degree of harm.Traditional injection attack detection techniques struggle to accurately identify various types of SQL injection attacks.This paper presents an enhanced SQL injection detection method that utilizes content matching technology to improve the accuracy and efficiency of detection.Features are extracted through content matching,effectively avoiding the loss of valid information,and an improved deep learning model is employed to enhance the detection effect of SQL injections.Considering that grammar parsing and word embedding may conceal key features and introduce noise,we propose training the transformed data vectors by preprocessing the data in the dataset and post-processing the word segmentation based on content matching.We optimized and adjusted the traditional Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)model,trained normal data,SQL injection data,and XSS data,and used these three deep learning models for attack detection.The experimental results show that the accuracy rate reaches 98.35%,achieving excellent detection results.展开更多
The integration of artificial intelligence(AI)with satellite technology is ushering in a new era of space exploration,with small satellites playing a pivotal role in advancing this field.However,the deployment of mach...The integration of artificial intelligence(AI)with satellite technology is ushering in a new era of space exploration,with small satellites playing a pivotal role in advancing this field.However,the deployment of machine learning(ML)models in space faces distinct challenges,such as single event upsets(SEUs),which are triggered by space radiation and can corrupt the outputs of neural networks.To defend against this threat,we investigate laser-based fault injection techniques on 55-nm SRAM cells,aiming to explore the impact of SEUs on neural network performance.In this paper,we propose a novel solution in the form of Bin-DNCNN,a binary neural network(BNN)-based model that significantly enhances robustness to radiation-induced faults.We conduct experiments to evaluate the denoising effectiveness of different neural network architectures,comparing their resilience to weight errors before and after fault injections.Our experimental results demonstrate that binary neural networks(BNNs)exhibit superior robustness to weight errors compared to traditional deep neural networks(DNNs),making them a promising candidate for spaceborne AI applications.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND A total of 100 patients diagnosed with mixed hemorrhoids from October 2022 to September 2023 in our hospital were randomly divided into groups by dice rolling and compared with the efficacy of different treatment options.AIM To analyze the clinical effect and prognosis of mixed hemorrhoids treated with polidocanol injection combined with automatic elastic thread ligation operation(RPH).METHODS A total of 100 patients with mixed hemorrhoids who visited our hospital from October 2022 to September 2023 were selected and randomly divided into the control group(n=50)and the treatment group(n=50)by rolling the dice.The procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids(PPH)was adopted in the control group,while polidocanol foam injection+RPH was adopted in the treatment group.The therapeutic effects,operation time,wound healing time,hospital stay,pain situation(24 hours post-operative pain score,first defecation pain score),quality of life(QOL),incidence of complications(post-operative hemorrhage,edema,infection),incidence of anal stenosis 3 months post-operatively and recurrence rate 1 year post-operatively of the two groups were compared.RESULTS Compared with the control group,the total effective rate of treatment group was higher,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).The operation time/wound healing time/hospital stay in the treatment group were shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05).The pain scores at 24 hours after operation/first defecation pain score of the treatment group was significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).After surgery,the QOL scores of the two groups decreased,with the treatment group having higher scores than that of the control group(P<0.05).Compared with the control group,the incidence of postoperative complications in the treatment group was lower,and the difference was significant(P<0.05);However,there was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative bleeding between the two groups(P>0.05);There was no significant difference in the incidence of anal stenosis 3 months after operation and the recurrence rate 1 year after operation between the two groups(P>0.05).CONCLUSION For patients with mixed hemorrhoids,the therapeutic effect achieved by using polidocanol injection combined with RPH was better.The wounds of the patients healed faster,the postoperative pain was milder,QOL improved,and the incidence of complications was lower,and the short-term and long-term prognosis was good.
基金supported by Basic and Applied Basic research foundation of Guangdong province(Nos.2021A1515010343 and 2022A1515011582)the Science and Technology Program of Guangdong Province(Nos.2021A0505030026 and 2022A0505050029).
文摘In the scenario of a steam generator tube rupture accident in a lead-cooled fast reactor,secondary circuit subcooled water under high pressure is injected into an ordinary-pressure primary vessel,where a molten lead-based alloy(typically pure lead or lead-bismuth eutectic(LBE))is used as the coolant.To clarify the pressure build-up characteristics under water-jet injection,this study conducted several experiments by injecting pressurized water into a molten LBE pool at Sun Yat-sen University.To obtain a further understanding,several new experimental parameters were adopted,including the melt temperature,water subcooling,injection pressure,injection duration,and nozzle diameter.Through detailed analyses,it was found that the pressure and temperature during the water-melt interaction exhibited a consistent variation trend with our previous water-droplet injection mode LBE experiment.Similarly,the existence of a steam explosion was confirmed,which typically results in a much stronger pressure build-up.For the non-explosion cases,increasing the injection pressure,melt-pool temperature,nozzle diameter,and water subcooling promoted pressure build-up in the melt pool.However,a limited enhancement effect was observed when increasing the injection duration,which may be owing to the continually rising pressure in the interaction vessel or the isolation effect of the generated steam cavity.Regardless of whether a steam explosion occurred,the calculated mechanical and kinetic energy conversion efficiencies of the melt were relatively small(not exceeding 4.1%and 0.7%,respectively).Moreover,the range of the conversion efficiency was similar to that of previous water-droplet experiments,although the upper limit of the jet mode was slightly lower.
基金Supported by The New Faculty Research Grant of Pusan National University,2023The Research Grant of the Chungbuk National University in 2023.
文摘BACKGROUND Intramuscular corticosteroid injection may cause adverse effects such as dermal and/or subcutaneous atrophy,alopecia,hypopigmentation,and hyperpigmentation.Although cutaneous atrophy can spontaneously resolve,several treatment options have been suggested for this condition.CASE SUMMARY In this paper,we report a case of corticosteroid injection induced lipoatrophy treated with autologous whole blood(AWB)injection,as the condition had been unresponsive to fractional laser therapy.A 29-year-old female patient visited the dermatology clinic complaining of skin depression on her right buttock area,which had appeared six months earlier.There had been only subtle improvement at the margins after fractional CO_(2) laser treatment;therefore,after obtaining informed consent from the patient,AWB treatment was initiated.One month after the first AWB injection,the size and depth of the lesion had noticeably improved,and a slight improvement was also observed in discoloration.CONCLUSION Close observation is the initial treatment of choice for steroid induced skin atrophy;however,for patients in need of immediate cosmetic improvement,AWB injection may be a safe and cost-effective alternative.
文摘Chronic migraine is a potentially debilitating condition that can be detrimental to someone’s quality of life. Clinical data has proven OnabotulinumtoxinA (BoNT-A) to be an effective prophylactic treatment for chronic headache types, and it is now regularly employed by headache treatment centers. The PREEMPT injection protocol has become the standard treatment regimen surrounding Botox injections for chronic migraine treatment since it was granted approval by the FDA in 2010. This retrospective chart review of patients treated for chronic migraine at Maine Comprehensive Pain Management in Scarborough, Maine, presents an alteration to the standard PREEMPT injection paradigm that reinforces the efficacy of Botox for chronic migraine treatment. We will discuss our Modified PREEMPT injection paradigm, which yields a positive clinical response rate of 95% of patients achieving at least 50% improvement in their migraine headaches. This appears to be the highest established response rate in the literature to date.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51909154)Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Ship Intelligent Maintenance and Energy Efficiency(No.20DZ2252300).
文摘Using natural gas(NG)as the primary fuel helps alleviate the fossil fuel crisis while reducing engine soot and nitrogen oxide(NO_(X))emissions.In this paper,the influences of a novel split injection concept on an NG high pressure direct injection(HPDI)engine are examined.Four typical split injection strategies,namely split pre-injection of pilot diesel(PD)and NG,split post-injection of PD and NG,split pre-injection of NG,and split post-injection of PD,were developed to investigate the influences on combustion and emissions.Results revealed that split pre injection of NG enhanced the atomization of PD,whereas the split post-injection of NG lowered the temperature in the core region of the PD spray,resulting in the deterioration of combustion.The effect of the split injection strategy on indicated thermal efficiency exceeded 7.5%.Split pre-injection was favorable to enhancing thermal efficiency,whereas split post-injection was not.Ignition delay,combustion duration,and premixed combustion time proportion were affected by injection strategies by 3.8%,50%,and 19.7%,respectively.Split pre-injection increased CH_(4) emission in the exhaust.Split post-injection,especially split post-injection of PD and NG,reduced the unburned CH_(4) emission by approximately 30%.When the split post-injection ratio was less than 30%,the trade-off between NO_(X) and soot was interrupted.The distribution range of hydroxyl radicals was expanded by pre-injection,and NO_(X) was generated in the region where the NG jet hit the wall.This paper provides valuable insights into the optimization of HPDI injection parameters.
文摘This study aimed to investigate the impact of administration routes in establishing the Adriamycin(ADR)-induced chronic kidney disease(CKD)model.Using BALB/c mice,we compared the effects of conventional tail-vein injection(TV10,10 mg/kg)to those of retro-orbital sinus(orbital vein)injection(OV10,10 mg/kg;OV8,8 mg/kg).The re-sults indicated that the OV10 group exhibited CKD pathology similar to the TV10 group,with both groups demonstrating significantly higher urinary albumin/creatinine ratio(p<0.05),tubular injury(p<0.05),and degree of renal fibrosis(p<0.05)than the OV8 group.No significant differences were observed between the OV10 and TV10 groups in urinary albumin/creatinine ratio,tubular injury,and degree of renal fibrosis.These findings demonstrated that retro-orbital administration of 10 mg/kg ADR in-duces comparable effects to conventional tail-vein administration.This technique's technical simplicity may improve experimental efficiency,reproducibility,and animal welfare in CKD research.In conclusion,this study validates the utility of retro-orbital injection in CKD model establishment,demonstrating its potential to standardize and improve the reliability of future CKD research protocols.
文摘Wen-lin Gong1,Chuang Sha2,Gang Du1,Zhong-gui Shan3,Zhong-quan Qi3,Su-fang Zhou1,Nuo Yang1,4,Yong-xiang Zhao1,4.First published:21 June 2017;10(5):454-460.DOI:10.1016/j.apjtm.2017.05.004 The authors would like to correct an error in Figure 3 in which the flow cytometric scattergram of CD4/CD44 for the control group was erroneously used for the scattergram of CD8/CD44 for the PVIDSC group.The correct scattergram of CD8/CD44 for the PVIDSC group is provided below.The error does not affect the conclusion of the study.The authors apologize for the error and the inconvenience it might have caused to readers.
文摘Propofol(2,6-di-isopropylphenol) is a short-acting,intravenous sedative drug.^([1,2]) The pharmacologic mechanism of propofol is related to its agonistic effects on the gamma-amino butyric acid receptor.^([1-3]) Propofol injection pain(PIP) is well-known in the operating room and is commonly countered by the prophylactic administration of lidocaine.In anesthesia,PIP is encountered in 28%–90% of patients.^([4,5]) However,PIPprophylaxis does not seem to be efficacious in every population.^([6,7]) Whether procedural sedation and analgesia(PSA) in the emergency department(ED) warrants lidocaine administration is unclear.
文摘Subcutaneous administration of low-molecularweight heparin(LMWH)has been widely accepted as an effective anticoagulation therapy and is frequently used for patients to prevent thromboembolic events.While the usually seen bruising around the injection site during subcutaneous LMWH treatment,the abdominal wall(AW)hematoma(AWH)was scarcely observed and reported.A previous study demonstrated the usual etiological risk of AWH involved anticoagulation therapy,chronic kidney disease,and trauma.^([1])Most of these cases had a favorable prognosis after conservative treatment.
文摘BACKGROUND The accuracy of blind intra-articular injections in the shoulder is rather low.Inaccurate injections tend to lead to poorer treatment outcomes.The“Delaware posterior bone touch technique”has shown higher accuracy in young,slender,healthy volunteers than the classical“Cyriax technique”.AIM To investigate whether the Delaware technique would also be more accurate in older patients with capsulitis.METHODS We analyzed the files of 100 consecutive patients with capsulitis who were treated with an intra-articular injection containing a mixture of triamcinolone,lidocaine,and air.After the injection,the shoulder was moved to determine whether a squishing sound could be produced.The squishing sound was interpreted as an accurate injection.The scores with the new Delaware technique were compared against those with the Cyriax technique in a previous study.RESULTS Squishing was heard after 87%of the injections.This was 13%(10%points)more than the 77%in the previous study(P=0.004).CONCLUSION The Delaware technique was significantly more accurate than the Cyriax technique also in middle aged patients with capsulitis.We hypothesize that the difference is caused by a lower risk that a part of the opening of the needle is still outside the capsule.
基金the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(No.8232044)the Science Foundation of China University of Petroleum,Beijing(No.2462023BJRC030).
文摘The long-term stability of CO_(2) storage represents a pivotal challenge in geological CO_(2) storage(CGS),particularly within deep saline aquifers characterized by complex fault-block systems.While the injection sites and rate under different fault structures will directly affect the CO_(2) storage effect and the risk of leakage.This study investigates the Gaoyou Sag in the Subei Basin,a representative fault-block reservoir,through an integrated numerical-experimental approach.A three-dimensional simulation model incorporating multiphase flow dynamics was developed to characterize subsurface CO_(2) transport and dissolution processes.A novel fault seal capacity evaluation framework was proposed,integrating three critical geological indices(fault throw/reservoir thickness/caprock thicknesses)with the coupling of formation physical properties,temperature,and pressure for the rational selection of injection sites and rates.The results show that Optimal storage performance is observed when the fault throw is lower than the reservoir and caprock thicknesses.Furthermore,higher temperature and pressure promote the dissolution and diffusion of CO_(2),while compared to the structural form of faults,the physical properties of faults have a more significant effect on CO_(2) leakage.The larger reservoir space and the presence of an interlayer reduce the risk of CO_(2) leakage,and augmenting storage potential.Decreasing the injection rate increases the proportion of dissolved CO_(2),thereby enhancing the safety of CO_(2) storage.
基金financially supported by the National Key Laboratory of Ramjet,China(No.2022-020-003)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.501QYZX2023146001)。
文摘The kerosene-fueled Scramjet with multi-cavity combustor has the potential to serve aspropulsion system for hypersonic flight.However,the impact of injection positions on combustionperformance and mechanism at high Mach numbers remains uncertain.Therefore,a comparativestudy was conducted using numerical methods to explore multi-cavity Scramjet combustor perfor-mance at a flight Mach number 7.0 with different injection positions.The combustor is equippedwith 6 cavities arranged in three groups along the flow direction,each consisting of two cavities per-pendicular to the flow.It is shown that the injection location significantly influences combustionperformance:Front-injection yields higher combustion efficiency than post-injection,but post-injection is advantageous for the intake start.Additionally,regardless of injection positions,themainstream flow state near the cavities behind the injection can be categorized as supersonic flow,supersonic-subsonic coexistence flow,and subsonic flow.The optimal length from the downstreamto the trailing edge of the cavities behind the injection for achieving maximum combustion effi-ciency is determined.Further extension beyond this optimal length does not significantly increasethe combustion efficiency.In addition,the optimal length varies with different injection positions-specifically,it is about 60%longer with post-injection conditions than with front-injection con-ditions in this investigation.Moreover,significant secondary combustion within the cavities leadingto improved efficiency only occurs when mainstream flow state is either supersonic flow orsupersonic-subsonic coexistence flow.Also,with a well-optimized design,the kerosene-fueledmulti-cavity Scramjet can achieve enhanced combustion efficiency,which shows relatively smallvariation across a wide range of equivalence ratios.This might be caused by the effects of interac-tion among these multiple cavities.Therefore,these research findings can provide valuable insightsfor designing and optimizing the kerosene-fueled multi-cavity combustor in Scramjet at high Machnumbers.
基金approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of the Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center Institutional Review Board,approval No.TLV-0674-21.
文摘BACKGROUND Intra-articular hip injections(IAHIs)are commonly used for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes but are often associated with patient anxiety and fear.The disparity between anticipated and experienced pain during IAHIs and the role of preinjection local anesthesia in pain modulation remains unclear.AIM To investigate the difference between anticipated and experienced pain during IAHIs and the impact of pre-injection local anesthesia.METHODS This prospective study enrolled 60 patients undergoing IAHI,30 receiving pre-injection superficial local anesthesia and 30 serving as a control group without pre-injection local anesthesia.Pain levels were assessed using numeric rating scales.RESULTS Patients significantly overestimated anticipated pain compared to experienced pain(6.43±2.48 vs 3.68±2.37,P<0.001).Pre-injection local anesthesia did not significantly reduce experienced pain(3.19±2.38 vs 4.20±2.29,P=0.130).CONCLUSION Patients overestimate anticipated pain during IAHIs.Pre-injection local anesthesia does not reduce experienced pain.
基金supported by Innovation Research Project for the training of high-level scientific and technological talents(Technical expert talents)of the Armed Police Force ZZKY20222415“13th Five-Year Plan”military key colleges and key disciplines-Equipment Engineering(Power)-17.
文摘Fuel injection properties,including the injection rate(temporal aspects)and spray behavior(spatial aspects),play a crucial role in the combustion efficiency and emissions of diesel engines.This study investigates the effects of different ethanol-biodiesel-diesel(EBD)blends on the injection performance in diesel engines.Experimental tests are conducted to examine key injection parameters,such as spray penetration distance,spray cone angle,and droplet size,alongside an analysis of coupling leakage.The main findings are as follows:(1)The injection behavior of ethanol and diesel differs significantly.The addition of ethanol reduces the density,viscosity,and modulus of elasticity of the fuel mixture.While the injection advance angle,penetration distance,and Sauter mean diameter show minimal changes,the spray cone angle and coupling leakage increase notably.These alterations may disrupt the“fuelair-chamber”matching characteristics of the original engine,potentially affecting performance.(2)In contrast,the injection performance of biodiesel ismore similar to that of diesel.As biodiesel content increases,the density,viscosity,and modulus of elasticity of the blended fuel also grow.Though changes in injection timing,penetration distance,and spray cone angle remain minimal,the Sauter mean diameter experiences a slight increase.The“air-fuel chamber”compatibility of the original engine is largely unaffected,though fuel atomization slightly deteriorates.Blending up to 20%biodiesel and 30%ethanol with diesel effectively compensates for the shortcomings of using single fuels,maintaining favorable injection dynamics while enhancing lubrication and sealing performance of engine components.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2023YFF1000204National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:32172715,32230105 and 32330103+2 种基金The Innovative Project of State Key Laboratory of Animal Biotech Breeding,Grant/Award Number:2024SKLAB1-2/9Chinese Universities Scientific Fund,Grant/Award Number:2024TC167The 2115 Talent Development Program of China Agricultural University。
文摘Background : Traditional DNA microinjection methods used in mammals are difficult to apply to avian species due to their unique reproductive characteristics. Genetic manipulation in chickens, particularly involving immature follicles within living ovaries, has not been extensively explored. This study seeks to establish an efficient method for generating transgenic chickens through ovarian injection, potentially bypassing the challenges associated with primordial germ cell (PGC) manipulation and fertilized egg microinjection. Methods : Hens were anesthetized and underwent a surgical procedure to access the ovary for DNA injection into immature follicles. The study used liposomes to deliver GFP- expressing plasmids at various dosages. After injection, hens recovered, and their eggs were fertilized through artificial insemination. Results : Transgenic chickens were successfully generated in one generation without needing G0 founders. The injection of 20 μg plasmid yielded the highest transgenic efficiency at 12.1%. GFP- positive embryos were confirmed through microscopy, and successful transgene expression was validated at the tissue level using immunostaining. TERT and GFP elements introduced in the G1 generation resulted in 4.1% positive transgene rates, as confirmed by PCR and Southern blotting. Conclusion : This ovarian injection method offers a promising alternative for avian genetic manipulation, bypassing complex PGC procedures and enabling direct generation of G1 transgenic chickens. This technique simplifies the transgenic process for chickens and has the potential to be adapted for other avian species, especially those without established PGCs culture systems.
基金sponsored by the projects funded by the Natural Science Foundation(Key project)of University in Anhui province(grant numbers 2023AH050727,2023AH040114,2023AH052278).
文摘Background:Houttuynia cordata injection(HCI),made from fresh Houttuynia cordata,exerts heat-clearing,detoxifying and diuretic effects.It is indicated for various infections including lung abscess,fever,leucorrhea,urinary tract infection and carbuncle.Candida albicans is a common opportunistic pathogen in immunocompromised individuals.This pathogenic fungus colonizes in skin,mucosa membrane and digestive tract,potentially progressing from localized mucosal infections to systemic disease.Methods:The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC)of HCI against C.albicans strain was determined by the microdilution method.The hyphal status of C.albicans was observed after incubation in the liquid medium and evaluated by Gram staining.The biofilm formation ability was measured using XTT reduction assay and assessed by Calcofluor White staining.The expression of virulence-related genes was detected with quantitative RT-PCR.Results:The MIC of HCI against C.albicans strain was determined to be 0.5 g/mL.At this concentration,HCI exhibited inhibitory effects on hyphal formation,as confirmed by both liquid medium observation and Gram staining.HCI at the MIC also effectively inhibited C.albicans biofilm formation,which was verified through XTT reduction assay and Calcofluor White staining.Additionally,gene expression analysis revealed that HCI significantly suppressed the expression of virulence-related genes in C.albicans.Conclusion:HCI demonstrates inhibitory effects on C.albicans growth and biofilm development.It inhibits hyphal formation,affecting the yeast-to-hyphal transition.This study investigated the antifungal effects of HCI,providing potent experimental evidence for its mechanism of action against C.albicans.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51904026)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.06500108)。
文摘Hydrogen displays the potential to partially replace pulverized coal injection(PCI)in the blast furnace,and it can reduce CO_(2)emissions.In this paper,a three-dimensional mathematical model of hydrogen and pulverized coal co-injection in blast furnace tuyere was established through numerical simulation,and the effect of hydrogen injection and oxygen enrichment interaction on pulverized coal combustion and raceway smelting was investigated.The simulation results indicate that when the coal injection rate decreased from 36 to 30t/h and the hydrogen injection increased from 0 to 3600 m^(3)/h,the CO_(2)emissions decreased from 1860 to 1551 kg/t,which represents a16.6%reduction,and the pulverized coal burnout decreased from 70.1%to 63.7%.The heat released from hydrogen combustion can not only promote the volatilization of pulverized coal but also affect the combustion reaction between volatilization and oxygen,which resulted in a decrease in the temperature at the end of the raceway.Co-injection of hydrogen with PCI increased the wall temperature near the upper half part of the raceway and at the outlet of the tuyere,which required a high cooling efficiency to extend the service life of the blast furnace.The increase in oxygen level compensated for the decreased average temperature in the raceway due to hydrogen injection.The increase in the oxygen content by 3%while maintaining constant hydrogen and PCI injection rates increased the burnout and average raceway temperature by 4.2%and 43 K,respectively.The mole fraction of CO and H_(2) production increased by 0.04 and 0.02,respectively.Burnout can be improved through optimization of the particle size distribution of pulverized coal.
基金funded by the Joint Funds of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U23A20671)the Major Project of Inner Mongolia Science and Technology(2021ZD0034)the Open Research Fund of State Key Laboratory of Geomechanics and Geotechnical Engineering(No.Z021003)。
文摘The occurrence time and magnitude of injection-induced seismicity are influenced by engineering factors,such as wellhead pressure,injection location,injection volume,and injection rate.Understanding the relationship between injection operations and seismic magnitude is of great significance for optimizing industrial production and reducing earthquake disasters.Numerical simulation of hydromechanical coupling is a crucial method for studying injection-induced seismicity.However,few studies have explored the risk management measures for injection-induced seismicity from the perspective of engineering.How seismic magnitudes can be reduced through reasonable adjustments to injection operations in engineering remains unclear.Therefore,in this study,a 3D hydro-mechanical coupling model involving multiple faults and injection wells was established based on the geological background and well location of Fox Creek,Canada.Different injection schemes under multi-well and multi-fault conditions were studied,and a traffic light system was used to simulate and control the magnitudes under a multi-well injection scheme.Specifically,we simulated injection scenarios involving up to three wells and analyzed the response of five faults.We compared the maximum moment magnitude of different scenarios by controlling the same injection volume.The results revealed the effect and advantage of the multi-well scheme in reducing seismic magnitude.To reduce the risk of induced seismicity,utilizing far-fault operational wells to compensate for the effects of near-fault operational wells proves to be an efficient and cost-effective method,with potential for wide practical applications.
基金supported by Jiangsu Higher Education“Qinglan Project”,an Open Project of Criminal Inspection Laboratory in Key Laboratories of Sichuan Provincial Universities(2023YB03)Major Project of Basic Science(Natural Science)Research in Higher Education Institutions in Jiangsu Province(23KJA520004)+5 种基金Jiangsu Higher Education Philosophy and Social Sciences Research General Project(2023SJYB0467)Action Plan of the National Engineering Research Center for Cybersecurity Level Protection and Security Technology(KJ-24-004)Jiangsu Province Degree and Postgraduate Education and Teaching Reform Project(JGKT24_B036)Digital Forensics Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education Open Project(DF20-010)Teaching Practice of Web Development and Security Testing under the Background of Industry University Cooperation(241205403122215)Research on Strategies for Combating and Preventing Virtual Currency Telecommunications Fraud(2024SJYB0344).
文摘Structured Query Language(SQL)injection attacks have become the most common means of attacking Web applications due to their simple implementation and high degree of harm.Traditional injection attack detection techniques struggle to accurately identify various types of SQL injection attacks.This paper presents an enhanced SQL injection detection method that utilizes content matching technology to improve the accuracy and efficiency of detection.Features are extracted through content matching,effectively avoiding the loss of valid information,and an improved deep learning model is employed to enhance the detection effect of SQL injections.Considering that grammar parsing and word embedding may conceal key features and introduce noise,we propose training the transformed data vectors by preprocessing the data in the dataset and post-processing the word segmentation based on content matching.We optimized and adjusted the traditional Convolutional Neural Network(CNN)model,trained normal data,SQL injection data,and XSS data,and used these three deep learning models for attack detection.The experimental results show that the accuracy rate reaches 98.35%,achieving excellent detection results.
文摘The integration of artificial intelligence(AI)with satellite technology is ushering in a new era of space exploration,with small satellites playing a pivotal role in advancing this field.However,the deployment of machine learning(ML)models in space faces distinct challenges,such as single event upsets(SEUs),which are triggered by space radiation and can corrupt the outputs of neural networks.To defend against this threat,we investigate laser-based fault injection techniques on 55-nm SRAM cells,aiming to explore the impact of SEUs on neural network performance.In this paper,we propose a novel solution in the form of Bin-DNCNN,a binary neural network(BNN)-based model that significantly enhances robustness to radiation-induced faults.We conduct experiments to evaluate the denoising effectiveness of different neural network architectures,comparing their resilience to weight errors before and after fault injections.Our experimental results demonstrate that binary neural networks(BNNs)exhibit superior robustness to weight errors compared to traditional deep neural networks(DNNs),making them a promising candidate for spaceborne AI applications.
