Face masks play a pivotal role in preventing infection transmission.However,the capture of infection-sourced particles in face masks poses challenges related to reuse,necessitating proper disposal.We developed a self-...Face masks play a pivotal role in preventing infection transmission.However,the capture of infection-sourced particles in face masks poses challenges related to reuse,necessitating proper disposal.We developed a self-sterilizable polypropylene-based membrane for face masks to address challenges associated with infection transmission prevention.The membrane,created using 3D printing,underwent functionalization with zinc oxide(ZnO)and polydopamine(PDA)-TEMPO to achieve broad-spectrum light absorption and facilitate self-sterilization through photocatalytic and photothermal effects upon light exposure.The hydrophobic surface(water contact angle:133±2°)minimized moisture accumulation,and the membrane exhibited robust mechanical properties,including shear strength(1.25±0.5kPa)and peel resistance strength(112.8±11.2kPa).The evaluation demonstrated stability in airflow(0-500cm^(3)/s)and excellent aerosol filtration efficiency(94.8±0.6%)for particles(PM 0.3,PM 2.5,PM 10),comparable to commercial masks.The membrane showed antibacterial efficacy over five uses in a simulated respiratory environment.Safety assessments confirmed biocompatibility through cytocompatibility and skin irritation assays.In conclusion,this membrane offers efficient filtration and photo-triggered sterilization,presenting a promising solution for next-generation face masks to address concerns related to reuse,disposal,and infection control.展开更多
Figs (Moracea: Ficus) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chlocloids: Agaonideae) depend on each other to complete their reproduction. Monoecious fig species and their pollinating wasps are in conflict over the use of fig ov...Figs (Moracea: Ficus) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chlocloids: Agaonideae) depend on each other to complete their reproduction. Monoecious fig species and their pollinating wasps are in conflict over the use of fig ovaries which can either produce one seed or one wasp. From observation on Ficus virens Ait., we showed that female flowers with outer layer of ovaries (near to the wall of syconium) had no significant difference from that with inner and interval layer of ovaries (near to the syconium cavity), in which most seeds and wasps were produced. This meant that fig tree provided the same potential resource for seed and wasps production. Observation indicated that there was usually only one foundress in syconium at female flower phase and no com- petition pollinators. Measurement of the style length of female flowers and the ovipositor of pollinators indicated that most ovaries could be reached by pollinator’s ovipositor. However, at the male flower phase, production of seeds was significantly more than that of wasps including non-pollinating wasps but there was no significant difference between seed and pollinating wasp production when without non-pollinating wasps produced. This result indicated that non-pollinating wasps competed ovaries not with seeds but with pollinating wasps for ovipositing. Bagged experiment showed that the sampling fig species was not self-sterile which was important for figs and wasps to survive bad season. Seed production in self-pollinated figs was not significantly different from total wasps in- cluding non-pollinating ones. This might be related with the weaker competition among wasps since bagged figs were not easy to reach by wasps from outside.展开更多
基金supported by Key Scientific Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in Henan Province(No.23ZX016)University Innovation Research and Training Program(No.202110467004)the Distinguished Professor Program of Institutions of Higher Learning in Henan Province,National Key R&D Program of China(No.2019YFE0101200).
文摘Face masks play a pivotal role in preventing infection transmission.However,the capture of infection-sourced particles in face masks poses challenges related to reuse,necessitating proper disposal.We developed a self-sterilizable polypropylene-based membrane for face masks to address challenges associated with infection transmission prevention.The membrane,created using 3D printing,underwent functionalization with zinc oxide(ZnO)and polydopamine(PDA)-TEMPO to achieve broad-spectrum light absorption and facilitate self-sterilization through photocatalytic and photothermal effects upon light exposure.The hydrophobic surface(water contact angle:133±2°)minimized moisture accumulation,and the membrane exhibited robust mechanical properties,including shear strength(1.25±0.5kPa)and peel resistance strength(112.8±11.2kPa).The evaluation demonstrated stability in airflow(0-500cm^(3)/s)and excellent aerosol filtration efficiency(94.8±0.6%)for particles(PM 0.3,PM 2.5,PM 10),comparable to commercial masks.The membrane showed antibacterial efficacy over five uses in a simulated respiratory environment.Safety assessments confirmed biocompatibility through cytocompatibility and skin irritation assays.In conclusion,this membrane offers efficient filtration and photo-triggered sterilization,presenting a promising solution for next-generation face masks to address concerns related to reuse,disposal,and infection control.
基金Supported by the Knowledge Innovation Research Program,Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-SW-105)
文摘Figs (Moracea: Ficus) and fig wasps (Hymenoptera: Chlocloids: Agaonideae) depend on each other to complete their reproduction. Monoecious fig species and their pollinating wasps are in conflict over the use of fig ovaries which can either produce one seed or one wasp. From observation on Ficus virens Ait., we showed that female flowers with outer layer of ovaries (near to the wall of syconium) had no significant difference from that with inner and interval layer of ovaries (near to the syconium cavity), in which most seeds and wasps were produced. This meant that fig tree provided the same potential resource for seed and wasps production. Observation indicated that there was usually only one foundress in syconium at female flower phase and no com- petition pollinators. Measurement of the style length of female flowers and the ovipositor of pollinators indicated that most ovaries could be reached by pollinator’s ovipositor. However, at the male flower phase, production of seeds was significantly more than that of wasps including non-pollinating wasps but there was no significant difference between seed and pollinating wasp production when without non-pollinating wasps produced. This result indicated that non-pollinating wasps competed ovaries not with seeds but with pollinating wasps for ovipositing. Bagged experiment showed that the sampling fig species was not self-sterile which was important for figs and wasps to survive bad season. Seed production in self-pollinated figs was not significantly different from total wasps in- cluding non-pollinating ones. This might be related with the weaker competition among wasps since bagged figs were not easy to reach by wasps from outside.
