A novel precipitate-free Mg-0.1Sn anode with a homogeneous equal-axis grain structure was developed and rolled successfully at 573 K.Electrochemical test results indicate that the Mg-0.1Sn alloy exhibits enhanced anod...A novel precipitate-free Mg-0.1Sn anode with a homogeneous equal-axis grain structure was developed and rolled successfully at 573 K.Electrochemical test results indicate that the Mg-0.1Sn alloy exhibits enhanced anode dissolution kinetics.A Mg-air battery prepared using this anode exhibits a cell voltage of 1.626 V at 0.5 mA/cm^(2),reasonable anodic efficiency of 58.17%,and good specific energy of 1730.96 mW·h/g at 10 mA/cm^(2).This performance is attributed to the effective reactive anode surface,the suppressed chunk effect,and weak self-corrosion owing to the homogeneous basal texture.展开更多
Background: Hip osteoarthritis (HOA) causes joint destruction, resulting in hip pain, limited range-of-motion, claudication, and joint deformity. In the conservative treatment of HOA, self-management is important to m...Background: Hip osteoarthritis (HOA) causes joint destruction, resulting in hip pain, limited range-of-motion, claudication, and joint deformity. In the conservative treatment of HOA, self-management is important to manage symptoms and control disease progression. In a previous study, the researchers conducted a conceptual analysis of 43 foreign studies on self-management during conservative therapy for patients with HOA. The results revealed a definition of self-management during conservative therapy for patients with HOA. However, because that study analyzed only the foreign literature, it remains unclear whether the findings reflect the characteristics of the Japanese health-care delivery system, health-care insurance system, or the lifestyles and cultural characteristics of Japanese patients with HOA. Objective: We aimed to clarify the self-management behaviors of patients with HOA. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five patients diagnosed with HOA, and the results were subjected to inductive qualitative analysis. Results: Six categories of self-management behaviors were extracted for patients with HOA: [active information gathering about HOA], [personalized pain and weight management, and strategies for reducing hip joint load], [reflection on living conditions with individuals and professionals, and determination for future efforts], [continuation of exercise and weight management based on personal strengths and achievements, and mutual support with others], [coexistence with HOA while managing negative feelings], and [choosing treatment methods by trusting doctors while struggling with personal needs]. Conclusion: These findings suggest the need to develop health guidance and educational programs for patients with HOA that focus on how to prevent disease progression and cope with symptoms.展开更多
The insufficient damping capabilities of aluminum alloy under low temperatures(<120℃)were addressed by developing high-damping laminated composites of NiTip/5052Al.This is achieved through the incorporation of var...The insufficient damping capabilities of aluminum alloy under low temperatures(<120℃)were addressed by developing high-damping laminated composites of NiTip/5052Al.This is achieved through the incorporation of varied pre-aging states of NiTi particles into the 5052Al matrix using a rolling composite technique.The aim is to enhance the application scope of aluminum alloy for vibration and noise reduction.The results demonstrated a distinct and integrated interface between the particle layer and the 5052Al alloy,with numerous interparticle interfaces within the particle layer.Increasing the aging temperature of the NiTi particles from 450 to 550℃ shifted the phase transition peaks of the composites to lower temperatures.The damping capacity of the laminated NiTip/5052Al composites notably surpasses that of the 5052Al alloy.At 28 and 66℃,the phase transformation damping peaks of the pre-aged NiTi particle layer reinforced 5052Al matrix composites are 1.93 and 2 times those of the 5052Al alloy at the corresponding temperatures,respectively.The collaborative impact of interparticle interface damping mechanism and the phase transformation damping mechanism of NiTi-reinforced particles significantly amplify the low-temperature damping performance of the laminated NiTip/5052Al composites.展开更多
Employees’innovative performance determines an organization’s innovation,which critically impacts its structural optimization and sustainability.Applying expectancy theory,we examined how and when the Pygmalion effe...Employees’innovative performance determines an organization’s innovation,which critically impacts its structural optimization and sustainability.Applying expectancy theory,we examined how and when the Pygmalion effect occurs in the relationship between leaders’expectations of innovation and employee innovative behavior.Our sample comprised 201 frontline employees(female=31.84%;mean age=41.48 years,SD=7.97 years)in a Chinese coal enterprise,who completed surveys on innovation expectations of leaders,expected positive performance outcomes,innovative self-efficacy and innovative behavior.The results revealed that employees’expected positive performance outcomes mediated the positive relationship between leaders’innovation expectations and their innovative behavior.Employees’innovative self-efficacy positively moderated the relationship between their expected positive performance outcomes and innovative behavior,with this relationship being stronger for employees with high innovative self-efficacy.Moreover,we validated the moderated mediation model.Findings suggest that leaders can stimulate employee innovative behavior through expressing expectations and they also need to consider the boundary conditions.展开更多
The coarsening behavior ofγʹprecipitate phase at different temperatures and the compressive performance of novel Co-Ni-Al-W superalloy were investigated.Experiment results show that the evolution of the mean radius a...The coarsening behavior ofγʹprecipitate phase at different temperatures and the compressive performance of novel Co-Ni-Al-W superalloy were investigated.Experiment results show that the evolution of the mean radius and volume fraction of theγʹphase obeys the classical Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner model.The coarsening rate of theγʹphase exhibits a significant dependence on the aging temperature,which increases from 1.30×10^(−27)m^(3)/s at 800℃to 9.56×10−27 m^(3)/s at 900℃.The activation energy ofγʹphase is mainly influenced by the W diffusion in theγmatrix,presenting as 210 kJ/mol.The prepared Co-Ni-Al-W alloy possesses superb comprehensive properties,particularly the good combination of highγʹsolvus temperature(1221℃)and low density(8.7 g/cm^(3)).Besides,the compressive yield strength of the Co-Ni-Al-W alloy at ambient and high temperatures are higher than that of otherγʹ-strengthened Co-based superalloys.The compressive yield strength of the Co-Ni-Al-W alloy at 850℃is as high as 774 MPa.展开更多
BACKGROUND The correlation conclusions between self-management,frailty,and quality of life(QoL)of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)patients are inconsistent.AIM To comprehensively assess the current status o...BACKGROUND The correlation conclusions between self-management,frailty,and quality of life(QoL)of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)patients are inconsistent.AIM To comprehensively assess the current status of self-management,psychological cognitive impairment,and QoL in elderly patients with COPD.METHODS Convenient sampling was employed to select 312 elderly patients with COPD who were receiving treatment in the respiratory and critical care medicine department of a tertiary grade A hospital from November 2023 to February 2024.The study utilized demographic information and clinical characteristics,selfmanagement behavior,occurrence of psychological cognitive impairment,and QoL as evaluated through general information questionnaires,the COPD patient self-management scale,simple frailty scale,simple mental status scale,clinical dementia assessment scale,and the clinical COPD assessment test questionnaire.This research aims to describe the current status and correlations among selfmanagement behavior,cognitive impairment occurrence,and QoL.RESULTS The average score for self-management behavior in elderly COPD patients was 136.00(119.00,164.50),indicating a moderate level overall.There were 98 cases of cognitive impairment,accounting for 31.4%,with a mental status score of 3(2,3.75).The average QoL score was 24(19,28),indicating a low level.Additionally,there was a negative correlation between total self-management behavior score and cognitive impairment occurrence(r=-0.589,P<0.001),and QoL total score(r=-0.409,P<0.001).Cognitive impairment occurrence was positively correlated with QoL total score(r=0.345,P<0.001).Disease course and self-management behavior score were independent factors affecting the total QoL score in elderly COPD patients(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The self-management behavior of elderly patients with COPD is at a moderate level.However,the occurrence of cognitive impairment is high and significantly influenced by disease course,level of self-management,and mental status.The QoL is low,emphasizing the urgent need to intervene in the self-management behaviors of elderly COPD patients,actively reduce the occurrence of cognitive impairment,and mitigate the impact of the disease on QoL.展开更多
Corporate environmental sustainability has become a critical concern,particularly in resource-intensive industries such as pharmaceuticals,where regulatory pressures and stakeholder expectations continue to rise.Despi...Corporate environmental sustainability has become a critical concern,particularly in resource-intensive industries such as pharmaceuticals,where regulatory pressures and stakeholder expectations continue to rise.Despite increasing attention to green leadership,limited research has explored how environmentally responsible leadership(ERL)influences corporate environmental performance(CEP)through employee-driven sustainability behaviors.This study addresses this gap by examining the mediating roles of green knowledge-sharing behavior(GKSB),green innovative behavior(GIB),and voluntary green behavior(VGB),as well as the moderating role of green shared vision(GSV)in the ERL-CEP relationship.The study is grounded in Resource-Based View(RBV),Knowledge-Based View(KBV),Environmental-Based View(EBV),and Triple Bottom Line(TBL)theories,which collectively explain how leadership-driven sustainability efforts create long-term competitive advantages,drive environmental responsibility,and balance economic,social,and environmental sustainability.A quantitative research design was employed,using survey data from 384 employees in Bangladesh’s pharmaceutical sector.Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling(PLS-SEM)in Smart-PLS 4.0 to assess direct,indirect,and moderating effects.The results confirm that ERL has a significant positive impact on CEP,with GKSB,GIB,and VGB acting as mediators,while GSV strengthens the ERL-CEP relationship.This study provides novel empirical evidence on the mechanisms linking green leadership to corporate sustainability,extending the application of RBV,KBV,EBV,and TBL to leadership-driven environmental management.The findings emphasize the importance of leadership training programs,sustainability-focused organizational cultures,and shared environmental visions.Policymakers should consider incentives for companies adopting ERL practices,ensuring that sustainability becomes a strategic,rather than compliance-driven,priority.This study contributes to leadership and sustainability literature by offering a comprehensive framework for integrating ERL into corporate governance and environmental strategies.展开更多
Objectives:This study aimed to explore the preferences and influencing factors of self-management behaviors in patients with recurrent gout and provide a theoretical basis for developing targeted strategies to improve...Objectives:This study aimed to explore the preferences and influencing factors of self-management behaviors in patients with recurrent gout and provide a theoretical basis for developing targeted strategies to improve self-management preferences.Methods:A total of 10 patients with recurrent gout were recruited from the gout specialist outpatient clinic at a tertiary hospital in Shenyang,Liaoning Province,China.Semi-structured interviews were conducted with these patients,and the Kawakita Jiro(KJ)method was used to analyze the interview data.Results:After four rounds of screening by five researchers,35 codes were selected from an initial 132.After three rounds of discussion and induction,the KJ method identified seven domains of selfmanagement behavior preferences in patients with recurrent gout:1)extensive knowledge of gout,yet difficulty in distinguishing between accurate and inaccurate information;2)a passive attitude of“no pain,no management”;3)the challenge of changing entrenched daily habits;4)the optimistic but unrealistic belief of“self-delusion”;5)a tendency to seek medical attention late due to hopelessness of cure and familiarity with recurrences;6)preference for analgesics for gout recurrences while neglecting long-term urate-lowering therapy(ULT);and 7)gout-related stigma.Conclusion:The results of this study showed that the self-management behavior of patients with recurrent gout could be improved,especially in the aspects of medical seeking behavior,medication compliance,daily management and emotional management.At the same time,we found that gout stigma,difficulty in distinguishing true and false knowledge of gout and negative attitude of“ignoring pain”were significantly associated with self-management behavior.展开更多
The weak interlayer van der Waals(vdW) interactions in two-dimensional(2D) vdW materials enable sliding ferroelectricity as an effective strategy for modulating their intrinsic properties. In this work, we systematica...The weak interlayer van der Waals(vdW) interactions in two-dimensional(2D) vdW materials enable sliding ferroelectricity as an effective strategy for modulating their intrinsic properties. In this work, we systematically investigate the influence of interlayer sliding on the electronic behavior of PtSe_(2) using density functional theory(DFT) calculations. Our results demonstrate that interlayer sliding induces a pronounced photocurrent spanning the short-wavelength infrared to visible spectral ranges. Remarkably, under an applied gate voltage, the sliding ferroelectric PtSe_(2) exhibits anomalously enhanced photovoltaic performance and an ultrahigh extinction ratio.Transmission spectral analysis reveals that this phenomenon originates from band structure modifications driven by energy-level transitions. Furthermore, the observed photocurrent enhancement via sliding ferroelectricity demonstrates universality across diverse platinum-based optoelectronic devices. This study introduces a novel paradigm for tailoring the intrinsic characteristics of 2D vdW semiconductors, expanding the design space for next-generation ferroelectric materials in advanced optoelectronic applications.展开更多
Currently,more than ten ultrahigh arch dams have been constructed or are being constructed in China.Safety control is essential to long-term operation of these dams.This study employed the flexibility coefficient and ...Currently,more than ten ultrahigh arch dams have been constructed or are being constructed in China.Safety control is essential to long-term operation of these dams.This study employed the flexibility coefficient and plastic complementary energy norm to assess the structural safety of arch dams.A comprehensive analysis was conducted,focusing on differences among conventional methods in characterizing the structural behavior of the Xiaowan arch dam in China.Subsequently,the spatiotemporal characteristics of the measured performance of the Xiaowan dam were explored,including periodicity,convergence,and time-effect characteristics.These findings revealed the governing mechanism of main factors.Furthermore,a heterogeneous spatial panel vector model was developed,considering both common factors and specific factors affecting the safety and performance of arch dams.This model aims to comprehensively illustrate spatial heterogeneity between the entire structure and local regions,introducing a specific effect quantity to characterize local deformation differences.Ultimately,the proposed model was applied to the Xiaowan arch dam,accurately quantifying the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of dam performance.Additionally,the spatiotemporal distri-bution characteristics of environmental load effects on different parts of the dam were reasonably interpreted.Validation of the model prediction enhances its credibility,leading to the formulation of health diagnosis criteria for future long-term operation of the Xiaowan dam.The findings not only enhance the predictive ability and timely control of ultrahigh arch dams'performance but also provide a crucial basis for assessing the effectiveness of engineering treatment measures.展开更多
Calcium(Ca)and neodymium(Nd)were introduced in the AZ61 alloy as alloying elements.The microstructure,corrosion behavior,and discharge properties of AZ61-1Nd-xCa(x=0,0.5 wt.%,1 wt.%,2 wt.%)alloys as anodes for Mg-air ...Calcium(Ca)and neodymium(Nd)were introduced in the AZ61 alloy as alloying elements.The microstructure,corrosion behavior,and discharge properties of AZ61-1Nd-xCa(x=0,0.5 wt.%,1 wt.%,2 wt.%)alloys as anodes for Mg-air batteries were systematically investigated.The results indicated that the AZ61-1Nd-1Ca alloy exhibits the best corrosion resistance during electrochemical experiments and hydrogen evolution tests.Discharge performance tests showed that the AZ61-1Nd-1Ca alloy exhibits the best specific capacity(1193.6 mAh g^(-1)),energy density(1893.7 mWh g^(-1)),anode efficiency(60.3%),and cell voltage(1.246 V)at higher current densities.This is mainly attributed to the addition of Ca element,which refines the grain size of the alloy and increases the grain boundary area.In addition,Al_(2)Nd and Al_(2)Ca phases have similar corrosion mechanisms in the cross-section of the extruded alloy.The precipitated granular Al_(2)Ca phase is uniformly dispersed on the substrate and acts as a physical barrier.This not only enhances the corrosion resistance of the alloy but also improves the anode efficiency of the alloy during discharge.展开更多
A double-parameter oxygen lance used in a 300 t converter was designed to improve the metallurgical performance. A small-scale measurement of the jet behavior was done using a computer controlled scanning system. The ...A double-parameter oxygen lance used in a 300 t converter was designed to improve the metallurgical performance. A small-scale measurement of the jet behavior was done using a computer controlled scanning system. The experimental data on the velocity distribution at the jet centerline, the contour map of the jet velocity, the deviation of the jet centerline, and the velocity distribution of the axial section were compiled. According to the results of the small-scale measurement, the double-parameter lance was also employed for a BOF experiment. The metallurgy inde- xes show that the metallurgical performance was highly promoted by use of the double-parameter lance.展开更多
Grains with size of 4.5—20.5μm were studied for their corrosion behavior and electrochemical performance in a Mg-3 Al-5 Pb-1 Ga-Y sacrificial anode using immersion testing,electrochemical measurements and microstruc...Grains with size of 4.5—20.5μm were studied for their corrosion behavior and electrochemical performance in a Mg-3 Al-5 Pb-1 Ga-Y sacrificial anode using immersion testing,electrochemical measurements and microstructure analysis.The results show that fine-grained microstructure has higher chemical activity and more negative discharge potentials than coarse-grained samples.The sample with the smallest average grain size of 4.5μm exhibits corrosion current density of 7.473×10-5 A/cm2,and work potentials of-1.721 V at current density of 10 mA/cm2.The density of grain boundaries and LAGBs increases with grain refinement,which leads to higher rates of dissolution and diffusion for the atoms.The secondary phases promote the occurrence of corrosion and improve the chemical activity of alloy due to their higher potential than the substrate.Higher corrosion rate and discharge activity are directly attributed to the higher density of grain boundaries and LAGBs,as well as the secondary phase.展开更多
In this work,the effects of external field treatment on electrochemical behaviors and discharge performance of as-cast Mg-8%Al-0.5%Zn(wt%)anodes for Mg-air batteries are systematically investigated in3.5 wt%Na Cl solu...In this work,the effects of external field treatment on electrochemical behaviors and discharge performance of as-cast Mg-8%Al-0.5%Zn(wt%)anodes for Mg-air batteries are systematically investigated in3.5 wt%Na Cl solution.The external field treatment particularly the variable-frequency ultrasonic field can dramatically refine theα-Mg grains andμphases.The grain size decreases from 1594.8±43μm(untreated billet)to 140.6±15μm after variable-frequency ultrasonic field treatment.The values of open circuit potential,electrochemical activity and corrosion resistance of Mg-8%Al-0.5%Zn anode are improved with external field treatment,which should be attributed to refined grains and dispersiveαphase.The external field treatment especially the variable-frequency ultrasonic field improves stability and the value of cell voltage,and enhances the discharge performance of the Mg-8%Al-0.5%Zn anode.The variable-frequency ultrasonic field treated anode has the best discharge capacity and anodic efficiency at current density of 45 m A cm-2,with the values of 1417 m A h g-1 and 63.3%,respectively.The ultrasonic field vibration changes the dissolution behavior ofα-Mg matrix during the discharge process,showing the oriented surface morphologies.展开更多
Objectives:This study aimed to develop a self-management behavior questionnaire for Chinese enter-ostomy patients and examine its reliability and validity.Methods:Guided by the theory of self-management,an initial que...Objectives:This study aimed to develop a self-management behavior questionnaire for Chinese enter-ostomy patients and examine its reliability and validity.Methods:Guided by the theory of self-management,an initial questionnaire was generated through literature review,group meetings,and two rounds of an expert consultation.Finally,the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were validated through a questionnaire survey of 200 enterostomy patients were selected from the Affiliated Hospital of Medical University from June 2016 to March 2017.Results:The content validity index was 0.80e1.00.The exploratory factor analysis yielded a five-factor(dietary behavior,psychosocial behavior,symptom management behavior,medical compliance behavior,information management behavior),consisting of 40 items.The cumulative variance contri-bution rate was 65.42%.The Cronbach’s a coefficient for the total questionnaire was 0.972,and for the five factors ranged from 0.797 to 0.939,indicating a good internal consistency.The test-retest reliability was 0.867(P<0.01).The self-management behavior questionnaire score was negatively related to the Ostomy Skin Tool score(r=-0.800,P<0.01).Conclusions:The self-management behavior questionnaire developed in this study showed good reli-ability and validity and can be used to assess the self-management behavior of Chinese enterostomy patients.展开更多
Objective： The aims of this study were to investigate the status quo of self-management behaviors in stroke patients at the recovery stage and to explore its influencing factors.Methods： A total of 440 hospitaliz...Objective： The aims of this study were to investigate the status quo of self-management behaviors in stroke patients at the recovery stage and to explore its influencing factors.Methods： A total of 440 hospitalized convalescent stroke patients were recruited and investigated using the Basic Situation Questionnaire, Self-management Behavior Scale of Stroke, Stroke Prevention Knowledge Questionnaire and Social Support Rating Scale.Results： The mean self-management behavior score was （151.95±23.58）, and dimensions in descending order were as follows： dietary management, drug safety management, social function and interpersonal relationships, life management, emotion management, rehabilitation exercise management and disease management. Five regional self-management behavior scores were statistically significant, and the scores from Minnan and Minzhong of the Fujian province, China, were higher than the others. Gender, age, family income and self-management behavior were significantly correlated （P〈0.05）; educational level, stroke knowledge level, social support level and self-management behavior were positively correlated, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.01）. Conclusions： The overall self-management level of convalescent stroke patients should be improved to strengthen health education; focus on the educational level, which is relatively low; strengthen the social support system of patients; stimulate the enthusiasm and initiative of self-management disease patients to promote disease rehabilitation and improve the quality of life.展开更多
Previous studies suggested that pigs prefer lower environmental temperatures during nighttime compared to daytime. So reducing nocturnal temperature in nursery barns may not jeopardize performance or welfare of pigs, ...Previous studies suggested that pigs prefer lower environmental temperatures during nighttime compared to daytime. So reducing nocturnal temperature in nursery barns may not jeopardize performance or welfare of pigs, but can save energy for heating the barn. A study was conducted to investigate growth performance and behavioral response of nursery pigs to reduced nocturnal temperature. This study was conducted in four replicates, each utilizing 270 newly weaned pigs and lasting for 5 wk. Temperature setpoint in the control room （CON） was started at 30℃ and decreased by 2℃ per week. In the treatment room （RNT）, temperature setpoint was maintained same as in CON between 7：00 h and 19：00 h, and reduced by 8~C between 19：00 h and 7：00 h starting from d 5. Growth performance （15 pens/room, 9 pigs/pen, BW=（6.3±0.61） kg） was monitored for 5 wk, and behaviors in 6 pens in each room were video-recorded for 24 h 3 d after being exposed to the experimental temperature. Instantaneous scan sampling was performed to determine time budgets for standing, sitting, eating, drinking, belly nosing, three postures of lying, and huddling. Two focal pigs were continuously viewed to record duration and occurrence of eating and drinking. Reduced nocturnal temperature did not affect the growth performance of the pigs, time spent standing, sitting, total lying and eating or duration and frequencies of eating and drinking （all P〉0.10）. However, RNT increased time spent lying sternal （83 vs. 72%, P〈0.001） and number of pigs that were huddling （70 vs. 50% of lying pigs, P〈0.001）, and decreased time spent lying laterally （0.8 vs. 4.6%, P〈0.001）, lying half laterally （5.3 vs. 11.0%, P〈0.001）, and belly nosing （0.9 vs. 1.7%, P=0.01） during nighttime. These results indicate that nursery pigs adopted the posture of lying sternal and huddled together to reduce heat loss from their body surface to maintain thermal balance and growth performance in RNT. Such mild reduction in nocturnal temperature in the nursery barn can save energy for heating the barn without negative effects on performance and behavior of nursery pigs.展开更多
Machining,especially dry machining of titanium alloys,has been one of the most significant challenges for carbide cutting tools.In this study,aluminum-rich AlTiN coating,as well as TiAlSiN nanocomposite coating,were s...Machining,especially dry machining of titanium alloys,has been one of the most significant challenges for carbide cutting tools.In this study,aluminum-rich AlTiN coating,as well as TiAlSiN nanocomposite coating,were successfully employed for dry milling of Ti-6 A1-4 V alloy with high efficiency and long tool life.At the cutting speeds of 150 m/min and 200 m/min,the tool life of the TiAlSiN-coated tool exceeds that of AlTiN-coated tool by 32 and 66%,respectively.The wear modes for both coated tools include the uniform flank wear,smooth wear,chipping,coating and substrate flaking,crater and notch wear,and the wear mechanisms include adhesion,diffusion,oxidation and crack.Among them,the wear mechanism is dominated by the adhesion and oxidation wear.As compared with AlTiN coating,TiAlSiN coating exhibits better mechanical properties and oxidation resistance,which contribute to a better cutting performance,fewer thermal cracks and smaller and uniform workpiece chips during the dry milling of Ti-6 A1-4 V alloy.展开更多
A study was conducted to better understand how different parameters, namely, regression aging time and regression aging temperature, affect the creep aging properties, i.e., the creep deformation and performance of Al...A study was conducted to better understand how different parameters, namely, regression aging time and regression aging temperature, affect the creep aging properties, i.e., the creep deformation and performance of Al-Zn-MgCu alloy during regressive reaging. The corresponding creep strain and mechanical properties of samples were studied by conducting creep tests and uniaxial tensile tests. The electrical conductivity was measured using an eddy-current conductivity meter. The microstructures were observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM). With the increase in regression aging time, the steady creep strain first increased and then decreased, and reached the maximum at 45 min.The steady creep strain increased with the increase in regression aging temperature, and reached the maximum at 200 ℃.The level of steady creep strain was determined by precipitation and dislocation recovery. Creep aging strengthens 7B50-RRA treated with regression aging time at 190 ℃ for 10 min, and the difference in the mechanical properties of alloy becomes smaller. The diffusion of solute atoms reduces the scattering of electrons, leading to a significant improvement in electrical conductivity and stress corrosion cracking(SCC) resistance after creep aging. The findings of this study could help in the application of creep aging forming(CAF) technology in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy under RRA treatment.展开更多
Objective Patients who experience knee osteoarthritis or chronic knee pain can alleviate their symptoms by performing self-knee massage.Understanding the readiness and types of determinants needed to facilitate self-k...Objective Patients who experience knee osteoarthritis or chronic knee pain can alleviate their symptoms by performing self-knee massage.Understanding the readiness and types of determinants needed to facilitate self-knee massage is needed to design effective,theory-informed interventions.The primary objective of this study was to apply the transtheoretical model of behavior change to identify how factors,which include the type of knee condition and pain level,predict an individual’s readiness to adopt self-knee massage.The secondary objective employed the capability,opportunity and motivation-behavior(COM-B)model to identify relevant determinants that are predictive of an individual’s readiness to undertake self-knee massage.Methods An observational study design was used to recruit individuals with knee osteoarthritis(n=270)and chronic knee pain(n=130).Participants completed an online survey that assessed the transtheoretical model of behavior change stages,COM-B determinants(capability,opportunity and motivation),along with self-administered massage behavior.Multivariate analysis of covariance and structural equation modeling were used to test the primary and secondary objective,respectively.Results Participants who had knee osteoarthritis scored higher on the action stage compared to those with chronic pain(P=0.003),and those who experienced greater level of pain scored higher in the contemplation(P<0.001)and action phases(P<0.001)of performing knee massage compared to those with milder pain.The COM-B structural equation model revealed self-administered knee massage to be predicted by capability(β=0.31,P=0.004)and motivation(β=0.29,P<0.001),but not opportunity(β=–0.10,P=0.39).Pain level predicted motivation(β=0.27,P<0.001),but not capability(β=0.09,P=0.07)or opportunity(β=0.01,P=0.83).Tests for mediating effects found that determinants of COM-B(motivation and capability)mediate between pain level and self-administered massage behavior(β=0.10,P=0.002).Conclusion Clinicians and researchers can expect that patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis or who have chronic knee pain are ready(action stage)or are considering the behavior(contemplation stage)of self-knee massage.Individuals who report having knee osteoarthritis or chronic knee pain should be coached to develop the skills to perform self-knee massage and helped to develop the motivation to carry out the therapy.展开更多
基金partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51901153)Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(No.2019032)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi,China(No.202103021224049)the Shanxi Zhejiang University New Materials and Chemical Research Institute Scientific Research Project,China(No.2022SX-TD025)。
文摘A novel precipitate-free Mg-0.1Sn anode with a homogeneous equal-axis grain structure was developed and rolled successfully at 573 K.Electrochemical test results indicate that the Mg-0.1Sn alloy exhibits enhanced anode dissolution kinetics.A Mg-air battery prepared using this anode exhibits a cell voltage of 1.626 V at 0.5 mA/cm^(2),reasonable anodic efficiency of 58.17%,and good specific energy of 1730.96 mW·h/g at 10 mA/cm^(2).This performance is attributed to the effective reactive anode surface,the suppressed chunk effect,and weak self-corrosion owing to the homogeneous basal texture.
文摘Background: Hip osteoarthritis (HOA) causes joint destruction, resulting in hip pain, limited range-of-motion, claudication, and joint deformity. In the conservative treatment of HOA, self-management is important to manage symptoms and control disease progression. In a previous study, the researchers conducted a conceptual analysis of 43 foreign studies on self-management during conservative therapy for patients with HOA. The results revealed a definition of self-management during conservative therapy for patients with HOA. However, because that study analyzed only the foreign literature, it remains unclear whether the findings reflect the characteristics of the Japanese health-care delivery system, health-care insurance system, or the lifestyles and cultural characteristics of Japanese patients with HOA. Objective: We aimed to clarify the self-management behaviors of patients with HOA. Methods: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with five patients diagnosed with HOA, and the results were subjected to inductive qualitative analysis. Results: Six categories of self-management behaviors were extracted for patients with HOA: [active information gathering about HOA], [personalized pain and weight management, and strategies for reducing hip joint load], [reflection on living conditions with individuals and professionals, and determination for future efforts], [continuation of exercise and weight management based on personal strengths and achievements, and mutual support with others], [coexistence with HOA while managing negative feelings], and [choosing treatment methods by trusting doctors while struggling with personal needs]. Conclusion: These findings suggest the need to develop health guidance and educational programs for patients with HOA that focus on how to prevent disease progression and cope with symptoms.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52061011)Guangxi Natural Science Foundation,China (No. 2022GXNSFAA035574)Innovation Project of Guangxi Graduate Education,China (No. YCSW2023361)。
文摘The insufficient damping capabilities of aluminum alloy under low temperatures(<120℃)were addressed by developing high-damping laminated composites of NiTip/5052Al.This is achieved through the incorporation of varied pre-aging states of NiTi particles into the 5052Al matrix using a rolling composite technique.The aim is to enhance the application scope of aluminum alloy for vibration and noise reduction.The results demonstrated a distinct and integrated interface between the particle layer and the 5052Al alloy,with numerous interparticle interfaces within the particle layer.Increasing the aging temperature of the NiTi particles from 450 to 550℃ shifted the phase transition peaks of the composites to lower temperatures.The damping capacity of the laminated NiTip/5052Al composites notably surpasses that of the 5052Al alloy.At 28 and 66℃,the phase transformation damping peaks of the pre-aged NiTi particle layer reinforced 5052Al matrix composites are 1.93 and 2 times those of the 5052Al alloy at the corresponding temperatures,respectively.The collaborative impact of interparticle interface damping mechanism and the phase transformation damping mechanism of NiTi-reinforced particles significantly amplify the low-temperature damping performance of the laminated NiTip/5052Al composites.
基金funded by“National Natural Science Foundation of China”grant number[71872119]“Shanxi Provincial Government Major Decision-making Consulting Project”grant number[ZB20240114]The APC was funded by“Shanxi Provincial Government Major Decision-making Consulting Project”grant number[ZB20240114].
文摘Employees’innovative performance determines an organization’s innovation,which critically impacts its structural optimization and sustainability.Applying expectancy theory,we examined how and when the Pygmalion effect occurs in the relationship between leaders’expectations of innovation and employee innovative behavior.Our sample comprised 201 frontline employees(female=31.84%;mean age=41.48 years,SD=7.97 years)in a Chinese coal enterprise,who completed surveys on innovation expectations of leaders,expected positive performance outcomes,innovative self-efficacy and innovative behavior.The results revealed that employees’expected positive performance outcomes mediated the positive relationship between leaders’innovation expectations and their innovative behavior.Employees’innovative self-efficacy positively moderated the relationship between their expected positive performance outcomes and innovative behavior,with this relationship being stronger for employees with high innovative self-efficacy.Moreover,we validated the moderated mediation model.Findings suggest that leaders can stimulate employee innovative behavior through expressing expectations and they also need to consider the boundary conditions.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Liaoning Province(2023-MSLH-337)。
文摘The coarsening behavior ofγʹprecipitate phase at different temperatures and the compressive performance of novel Co-Ni-Al-W superalloy were investigated.Experiment results show that the evolution of the mean radius and volume fraction of theγʹphase obeys the classical Lifshitz-Slyozov-Wagner model.The coarsening rate of theγʹphase exhibits a significant dependence on the aging temperature,which increases from 1.30×10^(−27)m^(3)/s at 800℃to 9.56×10−27 m^(3)/s at 900℃.The activation energy ofγʹphase is mainly influenced by the W diffusion in theγmatrix,presenting as 210 kJ/mol.The prepared Co-Ni-Al-W alloy possesses superb comprehensive properties,particularly the good combination of highγʹsolvus temperature(1221℃)and low density(8.7 g/cm^(3)).Besides,the compressive yield strength of the Co-Ni-Al-W alloy at ambient and high temperatures are higher than that of otherγʹ-strengthened Co-based superalloys.The compressive yield strength of the Co-Ni-Al-W alloy at 850℃is as high as 774 MPa.
文摘BACKGROUND The correlation conclusions between self-management,frailty,and quality of life(QoL)of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)patients are inconsistent.AIM To comprehensively assess the current status of self-management,psychological cognitive impairment,and QoL in elderly patients with COPD.METHODS Convenient sampling was employed to select 312 elderly patients with COPD who were receiving treatment in the respiratory and critical care medicine department of a tertiary grade A hospital from November 2023 to February 2024.The study utilized demographic information and clinical characteristics,selfmanagement behavior,occurrence of psychological cognitive impairment,and QoL as evaluated through general information questionnaires,the COPD patient self-management scale,simple frailty scale,simple mental status scale,clinical dementia assessment scale,and the clinical COPD assessment test questionnaire.This research aims to describe the current status and correlations among selfmanagement behavior,cognitive impairment occurrence,and QoL.RESULTS The average score for self-management behavior in elderly COPD patients was 136.00(119.00,164.50),indicating a moderate level overall.There were 98 cases of cognitive impairment,accounting for 31.4%,with a mental status score of 3(2,3.75).The average QoL score was 24(19,28),indicating a low level.Additionally,there was a negative correlation between total self-management behavior score and cognitive impairment occurrence(r=-0.589,P<0.001),and QoL total score(r=-0.409,P<0.001).Cognitive impairment occurrence was positively correlated with QoL total score(r=0.345,P<0.001).Disease course and self-management behavior score were independent factors affecting the total QoL score in elderly COPD patients(P<0.05).CONCLUSION The self-management behavior of elderly patients with COPD is at a moderate level.However,the occurrence of cognitive impairment is high and significantly influenced by disease course,level of self-management,and mental status.The QoL is low,emphasizing the urgent need to intervene in the self-management behaviors of elderly COPD patients,actively reduce the occurrence of cognitive impairment,and mitigate the impact of the disease on QoL.
文摘Corporate environmental sustainability has become a critical concern,particularly in resource-intensive industries such as pharmaceuticals,where regulatory pressures and stakeholder expectations continue to rise.Despite increasing attention to green leadership,limited research has explored how environmentally responsible leadership(ERL)influences corporate environmental performance(CEP)through employee-driven sustainability behaviors.This study addresses this gap by examining the mediating roles of green knowledge-sharing behavior(GKSB),green innovative behavior(GIB),and voluntary green behavior(VGB),as well as the moderating role of green shared vision(GSV)in the ERL-CEP relationship.The study is grounded in Resource-Based View(RBV),Knowledge-Based View(KBV),Environmental-Based View(EBV),and Triple Bottom Line(TBL)theories,which collectively explain how leadership-driven sustainability efforts create long-term competitive advantages,drive environmental responsibility,and balance economic,social,and environmental sustainability.A quantitative research design was employed,using survey data from 384 employees in Bangladesh’s pharmaceutical sector.Data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling(PLS-SEM)in Smart-PLS 4.0 to assess direct,indirect,and moderating effects.The results confirm that ERL has a significant positive impact on CEP,with GKSB,GIB,and VGB acting as mediators,while GSV strengthens the ERL-CEP relationship.This study provides novel empirical evidence on the mechanisms linking green leadership to corporate sustainability,extending the application of RBV,KBV,EBV,and TBL to leadership-driven environmental management.The findings emphasize the importance of leadership training programs,sustainability-focused organizational cultures,and shared environmental visions.Policymakers should consider incentives for companies adopting ERL practices,ensuring that sustainability becomes a strategic,rather than compliance-driven,priority.This study contributes to leadership and sustainability literature by offering a comprehensive framework for integrating ERL into corporate governance and environmental strategies.
文摘Objectives:This study aimed to explore the preferences and influencing factors of self-management behaviors in patients with recurrent gout and provide a theoretical basis for developing targeted strategies to improve self-management preferences.Methods:A total of 10 patients with recurrent gout were recruited from the gout specialist outpatient clinic at a tertiary hospital in Shenyang,Liaoning Province,China.Semi-structured interviews were conducted with these patients,and the Kawakita Jiro(KJ)method was used to analyze the interview data.Results:After four rounds of screening by five researchers,35 codes were selected from an initial 132.After three rounds of discussion and induction,the KJ method identified seven domains of selfmanagement behavior preferences in patients with recurrent gout:1)extensive knowledge of gout,yet difficulty in distinguishing between accurate and inaccurate information;2)a passive attitude of“no pain,no management”;3)the challenge of changing entrenched daily habits;4)the optimistic but unrealistic belief of“self-delusion”;5)a tendency to seek medical attention late due to hopelessness of cure and familiarity with recurrences;6)preference for analgesics for gout recurrences while neglecting long-term urate-lowering therapy(ULT);and 7)gout-related stigma.Conclusion:The results of this study showed that the self-management behavior of patients with recurrent gout could be improved,especially in the aspects of medical seeking behavior,medication compliance,daily management and emotional management.At the same time,we found that gout stigma,difficulty in distinguishing true and false knowledge of gout and negative attitude of“ignoring pain”were significantly associated with self-management behavior.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2024YFB3211701)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. T2222011, 62174026, and 12274234)+1 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant Nos. 2023YFB3611400 and 2019YFA0308000)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No. 242023k30027)。
文摘The weak interlayer van der Waals(vdW) interactions in two-dimensional(2D) vdW materials enable sliding ferroelectricity as an effective strategy for modulating their intrinsic properties. In this work, we systematically investigate the influence of interlayer sliding on the electronic behavior of PtSe_(2) using density functional theory(DFT) calculations. Our results demonstrate that interlayer sliding induces a pronounced photocurrent spanning the short-wavelength infrared to visible spectral ranges. Remarkably, under an applied gate voltage, the sliding ferroelectric PtSe_(2) exhibits anomalously enhanced photovoltaic performance and an ultrahigh extinction ratio.Transmission spectral analysis reveals that this phenomenon originates from band structure modifications driven by energy-level transitions. Furthermore, the observed photocurrent enhancement via sliding ferroelectricity demonstrates universality across diverse platinum-based optoelectronic devices. This study introduces a novel paradigm for tailoring the intrinsic characteristics of 2D vdW semiconductors, expanding the design space for next-generation ferroelectric materials in advanced optoelectronic applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52079046).
文摘Currently,more than ten ultrahigh arch dams have been constructed or are being constructed in China.Safety control is essential to long-term operation of these dams.This study employed the flexibility coefficient and plastic complementary energy norm to assess the structural safety of arch dams.A comprehensive analysis was conducted,focusing on differences among conventional methods in characterizing the structural behavior of the Xiaowan arch dam in China.Subsequently,the spatiotemporal characteristics of the measured performance of the Xiaowan dam were explored,including periodicity,convergence,and time-effect characteristics.These findings revealed the governing mechanism of main factors.Furthermore,a heterogeneous spatial panel vector model was developed,considering both common factors and specific factors affecting the safety and performance of arch dams.This model aims to comprehensively illustrate spatial heterogeneity between the entire structure and local regions,introducing a specific effect quantity to characterize local deformation differences.Ultimately,the proposed model was applied to the Xiaowan arch dam,accurately quantifying the spatiotemporal heterogeneity of dam performance.Additionally,the spatiotemporal distri-bution characteristics of environmental load effects on different parts of the dam were reasonably interpreted.Validation of the model prediction enhances its credibility,leading to the formulation of health diagnosis criteria for future long-term operation of the Xiaowan dam.The findings not only enhance the predictive ability and timely control of ultrahigh arch dams'performance but also provide a crucial basis for assessing the effectiveness of engineering treatment measures.
基金supported by the Key Scientific Re-search Project in Shanxi Province(Grant No.202102050201003)the Central Guiding Science and Technology Development of Local Fund(grant No.YDZJSK20231A046),+1 种基金the National Natural Sci-ence Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52071227,and 52275356)the Deanship of Scientific Research at Northern Border University,Arar,KSA for funding this research through project No.NBU-FPEJ-2024-249-01.
文摘Calcium(Ca)and neodymium(Nd)were introduced in the AZ61 alloy as alloying elements.The microstructure,corrosion behavior,and discharge properties of AZ61-1Nd-xCa(x=0,0.5 wt.%,1 wt.%,2 wt.%)alloys as anodes for Mg-air batteries were systematically investigated.The results indicated that the AZ61-1Nd-1Ca alloy exhibits the best corrosion resistance during electrochemical experiments and hydrogen evolution tests.Discharge performance tests showed that the AZ61-1Nd-1Ca alloy exhibits the best specific capacity(1193.6 mAh g^(-1)),energy density(1893.7 mWh g^(-1)),anode efficiency(60.3%),and cell voltage(1.246 V)at higher current densities.This is mainly attributed to the addition of Ca element,which refines the grain size of the alloy and increases the grain boundary area.In addition,Al_(2)Nd and Al_(2)Ca phases have similar corrosion mechanisms in the cross-section of the extruded alloy.The precipitated granular Al_(2)Ca phase is uniformly dispersed on the substrate and acts as a physical barrier.This not only enhances the corrosion resistance of the alloy but also improves the anode efficiency of the alloy during discharge.
文摘A double-parameter oxygen lance used in a 300 t converter was designed to improve the metallurgical performance. A small-scale measurement of the jet behavior was done using a computer controlled scanning system. The experimental data on the velocity distribution at the jet centerline, the contour map of the jet velocity, the deviation of the jet centerline, and the velocity distribution of the axial section were compiled. According to the results of the small-scale measurement, the double-parameter lance was also employed for a BOF experiment. The metallurgy inde- xes show that the metallurgical performance was highly promoted by use of the double-parameter lance.
基金Project supported by the 2011 Program of the Ministry of Education in China(043010100,51701039)
文摘Grains with size of 4.5—20.5μm were studied for their corrosion behavior and electrochemical performance in a Mg-3 Al-5 Pb-1 Ga-Y sacrificial anode using immersion testing,electrochemical measurements and microstructure analysis.The results show that fine-grained microstructure has higher chemical activity and more negative discharge potentials than coarse-grained samples.The sample with the smallest average grain size of 4.5μm exhibits corrosion current density of 7.473×10-5 A/cm2,and work potentials of-1.721 V at current density of 10 mA/cm2.The density of grain boundaries and LAGBs increases with grain refinement,which leads to higher rates of dissolution and diffusion for the atoms.The secondary phases promote the occurrence of corrosion and improve the chemical activity of alloy due to their higher potential than the substrate.Higher corrosion rate and discharge activity are directly attributed to the higher density of grain boundaries and LAGBs,as well as the secondary phase.
基金financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2016YFB0301104)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51974082)the Programme of Introducing Talents of Discipline Innovation to Universities 2.0(the 111 Project of China 2.0,No.BP0719037).
文摘In this work,the effects of external field treatment on electrochemical behaviors and discharge performance of as-cast Mg-8%Al-0.5%Zn(wt%)anodes for Mg-air batteries are systematically investigated in3.5 wt%Na Cl solution.The external field treatment particularly the variable-frequency ultrasonic field can dramatically refine theα-Mg grains andμphases.The grain size decreases from 1594.8±43μm(untreated billet)to 140.6±15μm after variable-frequency ultrasonic field treatment.The values of open circuit potential,electrochemical activity and corrosion resistance of Mg-8%Al-0.5%Zn anode are improved with external field treatment,which should be attributed to refined grains and dispersiveαphase.The external field treatment especially the variable-frequency ultrasonic field improves stability and the value of cell voltage,and enhances the discharge performance of the Mg-8%Al-0.5%Zn anode.The variable-frequency ultrasonic field treated anode has the best discharge capacity and anodic efficiency at current density of 45 m A cm-2,with the values of 1417 m A h g-1 and 63.3%,respectively.The ultrasonic field vibration changes the dissolution behavior ofα-Mg matrix during the discharge process,showing the oriented surface morphologies.
文摘Objectives:This study aimed to develop a self-management behavior questionnaire for Chinese enter-ostomy patients and examine its reliability and validity.Methods:Guided by the theory of self-management,an initial questionnaire was generated through literature review,group meetings,and two rounds of an expert consultation.Finally,the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were validated through a questionnaire survey of 200 enterostomy patients were selected from the Affiliated Hospital of Medical University from June 2016 to March 2017.Results:The content validity index was 0.80e1.00.The exploratory factor analysis yielded a five-factor(dietary behavior,psychosocial behavior,symptom management behavior,medical compliance behavior,information management behavior),consisting of 40 items.The cumulative variance contri-bution rate was 65.42%.The Cronbach’s a coefficient for the total questionnaire was 0.972,and for the five factors ranged from 0.797 to 0.939,indicating a good internal consistency.The test-retest reliability was 0.867(P<0.01).The self-management behavior questionnaire score was negatively related to the Ostomy Skin Tool score(r=-0.800,P<0.01).Conclusions:The self-management behavior questionnaire developed in this study showed good reli-ability and validity and can be used to assess the self-management behavior of Chinese enterostomy patients.
基金supported by 2016 Fujian Provincial Science and Technology Department of the Pilot Project(No.2016Y0047)
文摘Objective： The aims of this study were to investigate the status quo of self-management behaviors in stroke patients at the recovery stage and to explore its influencing factors.Methods： A total of 440 hospitalized convalescent stroke patients were recruited and investigated using the Basic Situation Questionnaire, Self-management Behavior Scale of Stroke, Stroke Prevention Knowledge Questionnaire and Social Support Rating Scale.Results： The mean self-management behavior score was （151.95±23.58）, and dimensions in descending order were as follows： dietary management, drug safety management, social function and interpersonal relationships, life management, emotion management, rehabilitation exercise management and disease management. Five regional self-management behavior scores were statistically significant, and the scores from Minnan and Minzhong of the Fujian province, China, were higher than the others. Gender, age, family income and self-management behavior were significantly correlated （P〈0.05）; educational level, stroke knowledge level, social support level and self-management behavior were positively correlated, and the difference was statistically significant （P〈0.01）. Conclusions： The overall self-management level of convalescent stroke patients should be improved to strengthen health education; focus on the educational level, which is relatively low; strengthen the social support system of patients; stimulate the enthusiasm and initiative of self-management disease patients to promote disease rehabilitation and improve the quality of life.
基金the National Pork Board and the Pork Checkoff, USA, for partial financial support of the project
文摘Previous studies suggested that pigs prefer lower environmental temperatures during nighttime compared to daytime. So reducing nocturnal temperature in nursery barns may not jeopardize performance or welfare of pigs, but can save energy for heating the barn. A study was conducted to investigate growth performance and behavioral response of nursery pigs to reduced nocturnal temperature. This study was conducted in four replicates, each utilizing 270 newly weaned pigs and lasting for 5 wk. Temperature setpoint in the control room （CON） was started at 30℃ and decreased by 2℃ per week. In the treatment room （RNT）, temperature setpoint was maintained same as in CON between 7：00 h and 19：00 h, and reduced by 8~C between 19：00 h and 7：00 h starting from d 5. Growth performance （15 pens/room, 9 pigs/pen, BW=（6.3±0.61） kg） was monitored for 5 wk, and behaviors in 6 pens in each room were video-recorded for 24 h 3 d after being exposed to the experimental temperature. Instantaneous scan sampling was performed to determine time budgets for standing, sitting, eating, drinking, belly nosing, three postures of lying, and huddling. Two focal pigs were continuously viewed to record duration and occurrence of eating and drinking. Reduced nocturnal temperature did not affect the growth performance of the pigs, time spent standing, sitting, total lying and eating or duration and frequencies of eating and drinking （all P〉0.10）. However, RNT increased time spent lying sternal （83 vs. 72%, P〈0.001） and number of pigs that were huddling （70 vs. 50% of lying pigs, P〈0.001）, and decreased time spent lying laterally （0.8 vs. 4.6%, P〈0.001）, lying half laterally （5.3 vs. 11.0%, P〈0.001）, and belly nosing （0.9 vs. 1.7%, P=0.01） during nighttime. These results indicate that nursery pigs adopted the posture of lying sternal and huddled together to reduce heat loss from their body surface to maintain thermal balance and growth performance in RNT. Such mild reduction in nocturnal temperature in the nursery barn can save energy for heating the barn without negative effects on performance and behavior of nursery pigs.
基金financially supported by the Science and Technology Planning Project of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2017B090911006)the Science and Technology Project of Heyuan City, Guangdong (Grant No. HEKE000781).
文摘Machining,especially dry machining of titanium alloys,has been one of the most significant challenges for carbide cutting tools.In this study,aluminum-rich AlTiN coating,as well as TiAlSiN nanocomposite coating,were successfully employed for dry milling of Ti-6 A1-4 V alloy with high efficiency and long tool life.At the cutting speeds of 150 m/min and 200 m/min,the tool life of the TiAlSiN-coated tool exceeds that of AlTiN-coated tool by 32 and 66%,respectively.The wear modes for both coated tools include the uniform flank wear,smooth wear,chipping,coating and substrate flaking,crater and notch wear,and the wear mechanisms include adhesion,diffusion,oxidation and crack.Among them,the wear mechanism is dominated by the adhesion and oxidation wear.As compared with AlTiN coating,TiAlSiN coating exhibits better mechanical properties and oxidation resistance,which contribute to a better cutting performance,fewer thermal cracks and smaller and uniform workpiece chips during the dry milling of Ti-6 A1-4 V alloy.
基金Project(2017YFB0306300) supported by the National key R&D Program of ChinaProjects(51675538, 51905551)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(ZZYJKT2019-11) supported by Free Exploration Project of State Key Laboratory of High performance Complex Manufacturing,China。
文摘A study was conducted to better understand how different parameters, namely, regression aging time and regression aging temperature, affect the creep aging properties, i.e., the creep deformation and performance of Al-Zn-MgCu alloy during regressive reaging. The corresponding creep strain and mechanical properties of samples were studied by conducting creep tests and uniaxial tensile tests. The electrical conductivity was measured using an eddy-current conductivity meter. The microstructures were observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM). With the increase in regression aging time, the steady creep strain first increased and then decreased, and reached the maximum at 45 min.The steady creep strain increased with the increase in regression aging temperature, and reached the maximum at 200 ℃.The level of steady creep strain was determined by precipitation and dislocation recovery. Creep aging strengthens 7B50-RRA treated with regression aging time at 190 ℃ for 10 min, and the difference in the mechanical properties of alloy becomes smaller. The diffusion of solute atoms reduces the scattering of electrons, leading to a significant improvement in electrical conductivity and stress corrosion cracking(SCC) resistance after creep aging. The findings of this study could help in the application of creep aging forming(CAF) technology in Al-Zn-Mg-Cu alloy under RRA treatment.
基金supported by Dr.Navin Kaushal's lab start-up funding from the School of Health and Human Sciences at Indiana University,Indianapolis.
文摘Objective Patients who experience knee osteoarthritis or chronic knee pain can alleviate their symptoms by performing self-knee massage.Understanding the readiness and types of determinants needed to facilitate self-knee massage is needed to design effective,theory-informed interventions.The primary objective of this study was to apply the transtheoretical model of behavior change to identify how factors,which include the type of knee condition and pain level,predict an individual’s readiness to adopt self-knee massage.The secondary objective employed the capability,opportunity and motivation-behavior(COM-B)model to identify relevant determinants that are predictive of an individual’s readiness to undertake self-knee massage.Methods An observational study design was used to recruit individuals with knee osteoarthritis(n=270)and chronic knee pain(n=130).Participants completed an online survey that assessed the transtheoretical model of behavior change stages,COM-B determinants(capability,opportunity and motivation),along with self-administered massage behavior.Multivariate analysis of covariance and structural equation modeling were used to test the primary and secondary objective,respectively.Results Participants who had knee osteoarthritis scored higher on the action stage compared to those with chronic pain(P=0.003),and those who experienced greater level of pain scored higher in the contemplation(P<0.001)and action phases(P<0.001)of performing knee massage compared to those with milder pain.The COM-B structural equation model revealed self-administered knee massage to be predicted by capability(β=0.31,P=0.004)and motivation(β=0.29,P<0.001),but not opportunity(β=–0.10,P=0.39).Pain level predicted motivation(β=0.27,P<0.001),but not capability(β=0.09,P=0.07)or opportunity(β=0.01,P=0.83).Tests for mediating effects found that determinants of COM-B(motivation and capability)mediate between pain level and self-administered massage behavior(β=0.10,P=0.002).Conclusion Clinicians and researchers can expect that patients diagnosed with knee osteoarthritis or who have chronic knee pain are ready(action stage)or are considering the behavior(contemplation stage)of self-knee massage.Individuals who report having knee osteoarthritis or chronic knee pain should be coached to develop the skills to perform self-knee massage and helped to develop the motivation to carry out the therapy.
