In “<i>A Self-linking Field Formalism</i>” I establish a self-dual field structure with higher order self-induced symmetries that reinforce the first-order dynamics. The structure was derived from Gauss-...In “<i>A Self-linking Field Formalism</i>” I establish a self-dual field structure with higher order self-induced symmetries that reinforce the first-order dynamics. The structure was derived from Gauss-linking integrals in R<sup>3</sup> based on the Biot-Savart law and Ampere’s law applied to Heaviside’s equations, derived in strength-independent fashion in “<i>Primordial Principle of Self-Interaction</i>”. The derivation involves Geometric Calculus, topology, and field equations. My goal in this paper is to derive the simplest solution of a self-stabilized solitonic structure and discuss this model of a neutrino.展开更多
As a novel class of purely organic fluores-cent materials,multiple resonance thermal-ly activated delayed fluorescence(MR-TADF)compounds hold significant promise for next-generation display technologies.The efficiency...As a novel class of purely organic fluores-cent materials,multiple resonance thermal-ly activated delayed fluorescence(MR-TADF)compounds hold significant promise for next-generation display technologies.The efficiency of exciton utilization and the overall performance of organic light-emit-ting devices are closely linked to the singlet-triplet energy gap(ΔE_(ST))of MR-TADF emitters.Identifying an economic and accu-rate theoretical approach to predictΔE_(ST)would be beneficial for high-throughput screening and facilitate the inverse design of MR-TADF molecules.In this study,we evaluated the S_(1)state energy(E(S_(1))),T_(1)state ener-gy(E(T_(1))),andΔE_(ST)using three different physical interpretations:adiabatic excitation ener-gy,vertical absorption energy,and vertical emission energy.We employed the time-depen-dent density functional theory(TDDFT)and delta self-consistent field(ΔSCF)methods to calculate E(S_(1)),E(T_(1)),andΔE_(ST)for 20 MR-TADF molecules reported in the literature.We compared these calculated values with experimental data obtained from fluorescence spec-troscopy at room-temperature(or 77 K)and phosphorescence spectroscopy conducted at 77 K.Our findings indicate that the vertical absorption energy at the S0 state minimum,deter-mined by theΔSCF method,accurately predicts the S_(1)state energy.Similarly,the vertical absorption energy at the S0 state minimum,calculated using the TDDFT method,effectively predicts the T_(1)state energy.TheΔE_(ST)derived from the difference between these two excita-tion energies exhibited the smallest mean absolute error of only 0.039 eV compared to the ex-perimental values.This combination represents the most accurate and cost-effective method reported to date for predicting theΔE_(ST)of MR-TADF molecules,and can be integrated into AI-driven inverse design workflows for new emitters.展开更多
Complex Field Theory (CFT) proposes that dark matter (DM) and dark energy (DE) are pervasive, complex fields of charged complex masses of equally positive and negative complex charges, respectively. It proposes that e...Complex Field Theory (CFT) proposes that dark matter (DM) and dark energy (DE) are pervasive, complex fields of charged complex masses of equally positive and negative complex charges, respectively. It proposes that each material object, including living creatures, is concomitant with a fraction of the charged complex masses of DM and DE in proportion to its mass. This perception provides new insights into the physics of nature and its constituents from subatomic to cosmic scales. This complex nature of DM and DE explains our inability to see DM or harvest DE for the last several decades. The positive complex DM is responsible for preserving the integrity of galaxies and all material systems. The negative complex charged DE induces a positive repelling force with the positively charged DM and contributes to the universe’s expansion. Both fields are Lorentz invariants in all directions and entangle the whole universe. The paper uses CFT to investigate zero-point energy, particle-wave duality, relativistic mass increase, and entanglement phenomenon and unifies Coulomb’s and Newton’s laws. The paper also verifies the existence of tachyons and explains the spooky action of quantum mechanics at a distance. The paper encourages further research into how CFT might resolve several physical mysteries in physics.展开更多
We investigate the interplay between the pseudogap state and d-wave superconductivity in the two-dimensional doped Hubbard model by employing an eight-site cluster dynamical mean-field theory method.By tuning electron...We investigate the interplay between the pseudogap state and d-wave superconductivity in the two-dimensional doped Hubbard model by employing an eight-site cluster dynamical mean-field theory method.By tuning electron hopping parameters,the strong-coupling pseudogap in the two-dimensional Hubbard model can be either enhanced or suppressed in the doped Mott insulator regime.We find that in underdoped cases,the closing of pseudogap leads to a significant enhancement of superconductivity,indicating competition between the two in the underdoped regime.In contrast,at large dopings,suppressing the pseudogap is accompanied by a concurrent decrease in the superconducting transition temperature Tc,which can be attributed to a reduction in antiferromagnetic correlations behind both the pseudogap and superconductivity.We elucidate this evolving relationship between pseudogap and superconductivity across different doping regimes.展开更多
This study examines the effect of charge on physical features of a gravastar model in the framework of Rastall gravity.A gravastar is an alternative model to a black hole consisting of three separate regions:the inner...This study examines the effect of charge on physical features of a gravastar model in the framework of Rastall gravity.A gravastar is an alternative model to a black hole consisting of three separate regions:the inner sector,the intermediate shell and the outer sector.Different values of the barotropic equation of state(EoS)parameter provide the mathematical basis for these regions.Field equations(FEs)are initially developed for a spherically symmetric spacetime coupled with charged matter distribution.We then use the temporal component of TolmanⅣspacetime to formulate the radial metric potential for both the inner region and intermediate shell.We also apply the matching criteria to ensure smooth matching of exterior and interior spacetimes so that the constants resulting from integrations can be determined.Afterwards,we explore various physical properties of the developed gravastar model such as the proper length,entropy,energy,and others to analyze how shell thickness and charge affect them.It is concluded that,in the background of Rastall theory,a gravastar model exists and serves as a viable alternative to the black hole.展开更多
This paper describes the drift-diffusion theory of the bipolar field-effect transistor （BiFET） with two identical and connected metal-oxide-silicon-gates （MOS-gates） on a thin-pure-base. Analytical solution is obt...This paper describes the drift-diffusion theory of the bipolar field-effect transistor （BiFET） with two identical and connected metal-oxide-silicon-gates （MOS-gates） on a thin-pure-base. Analytical solution is obtained by partitioning the two-dimensional transistor into two one-dimensional problems coupled by the parametric sur- face-electric-potential. Total and component output and transfer currents and conductances versus D. C. voltages from the drift-diffusion theory, and their deviations from the electrochemical （quasi-Fermi） potential-gradient theory,are presented over practical ranges of thicknesses of the silicon base and gate oxide. A substantial contri- bution from the longitudinal gradient of the square of the transverse electric field is shown.展开更多
Monopoles and vortices are well known magnetically charged soliton solutions of gauge field equations. Extending the idea of Dirac on monopoles, Schwinger pioneered the concept of solitons carrying both electric and m...Monopoles and vortices are well known magnetically charged soliton solutions of gauge field equations. Extending the idea of Dirac on monopoles, Schwinger pioneered the concept of solitons carrying both electric and magnetic charges, called dyons, which are useful in modeling elementary particles. Mathematically, the existence of dyons presents interesting variational partial differential equation problems, subject to topological constraints. This article is a survey on recent progress in the study of dyons.展开更多
Routing and path selection are crucial for many communication and logistic applications. We study the interaction between nodes and packets and establish a simple model for describing the attraction of the node to the...Routing and path selection are crucial for many communication and logistic applications. We study the interaction between nodes and packets and establish a simple model for describing the attraction of the node to the packet in transmission process by using the gravitational field theory, considering the real and potential congestion of the nodes. On the basis of this model, we propose a gravitational field routing strategy that considers the attractions of all of the nodes on the travel path to the packet. In order to illustrate the efficiency of proposed routing algorithm, we introduce the order parameter to measure the throughput of the network by the critical value of phase transition from a free flow phase to a congested phase,and study the distribution of betweenness centrality and traffic jam. Simulations show that, compared with the shortest path routing strategy, the gravitational field routing strategy considerably enhances the throughput of the network and balances the traffic load, and nearly all of the nodes are used efficiently.展开更多
In the Einstein field equations, the geometry or the curvature of space-time defined as depended on the distribution of mass and energy principally resides on the left-hand side is set identical to a non-geometrical t...In the Einstein field equations, the geometry or the curvature of space-time defined as depended on the distribution of mass and energy principally resides on the left-hand side is set identical to a non-geometrical tensorial representation of matter on the right-hand side. In one or another form, general relativity accords a direct geometrical significance only to the gravitational field while the other physical fields are not of space time. They reside only in space time. Less well known, though of comparable importance is Einstein’s dissatisfaction with the fundamental asymmetry between gravitational and non-gravitational fields and his contributions to develop a completely relativistic geometrical field theory of all fundamental interactions, a unified field theory. Of special note in this context and equally significant is Einstein’s demand to replace the symmetrical tensor field by a non-symmetrical one and to drop the condition g<sub>ik</sub> = g<sub>ki</sub> for the field components. Historically, many other attempts were made too, to extend the general theory of relativity’s geometrization of gravitation to non-gravitational interactions, in particular, to electromagnetism. Still, progress has been very slow. It is the purpose of this publication to provide a unified field theory in which the gravitational field, the electromagnetic field and other fields are only different components or manifestations of the same unified field by mathematizing the relationship between cause and effect under conditions of general theory of relativity.展开更多
Based on the slip-line field theory, a two-dimensional slip failure mechanism with mesh-like rigid block system was constructed to analyze the ultimate bearing capacity problems of rough foundation within the framewor...Based on the slip-line field theory, a two-dimensional slip failure mechanism with mesh-like rigid block system was constructed to analyze the ultimate bearing capacity problems of rough foundation within the framework of the upper bound limit analysis theorem. In the velocity discontinuities in transition area, the velocity changes in radial and tangent directions are allowed. The objective functions of the stability problems of geotechnical structures are obtained by equating the work rate of external force to internal dissipation along the velocity discontinuities, and then the objective functions are transformed as an upper-bound mathematic optimization model. The upper bound solutions for the objective functions are obtained by use of the nonlinear sequential quadratic programming and interior point method. From the numerical results and comparative analysis, it can be seen that the method presented in this work gives better calculation results than existing upper bound methods and can be used to establish the more accurate plastic collapse load for the ultimate bearing capacity of rough foundation.展开更多
In order to understand the electric interfacial behavior, mean field based electric double layer （EDL） theory has been continuously developed over the past 150 years. In this article, we briefly review the developme...In order to understand the electric interfacial behavior, mean field based electric double layer （EDL） theory has been continuously developed over the past 150 years. In this article, we briefly review the development of the EDL model, from the dimensionless Gouy-Chapman model to the symmetric Bikerman-Freise model, and finally toward size-asymmetric mean field theory models. We provide the general derivations within the framework of Helmholtz free energy of the lattice- gas model, and it can be seen that the above-mentioned models are consistent in the sense that the interconversi0n among them can be achieved by reducing the basic assumptions.展开更多
We establish the construction theory of function based upon a local field Kp as underlying space. By virture of the concept of pseudo-differential operator, we introduce ＂fractal calculus＂ （or, p-type calculus, or,...We establish the construction theory of function based upon a local field Kp as underlying space. By virture of the concept of pseudo-differential operator, we introduce ＂fractal calculus＂ （or, p-type calculus, or, Gibbs-Butzer calculus）. Then, show the Jackson direct approximation theorems, Bermstein inverse approximation theorems and the equivalent approximation theorems for compact group D（C Kp） and locally compact group Kp^＋-（= Kp）, so that the foundation of construction theory of function on local fields is established. Moreover, the Jackson type, Bernstein type, and equivalent approximation theorems on the HOlder-type space C^σ（Kp）, σ 〉0, are proved; then the equivalent approximation theorem on Sobolev-type space Wr（Kp）, σ≥0, 1≤r 〈∞, is shown.展开更多
This is a pedagogical review on TT^(-)deformation of two dimensional quantum field theories.It is based on three lectures which the author gave at ITP-CAS in December 2018.This review consists of four parts.The first ...This is a pedagogical review on TT^(-)deformation of two dimensional quantum field theories.It is based on three lectures which the author gave at ITP-CAS in December 2018.This review consists of four parts.The first part is a general introduction to TT^(-)deformation.Special emphasises are put on the deformed classical Lagrangian and the exact solvability of the spectrum.The second part focuses on the torus partition sum of the TT^(-)/JT^(-)deformed conformal field theories and modular invariance/covariance.In the third part,different perspectives of TT^(-)deformation are presented,including its relation to random geometry,2D topological gravity and holography.We summarize more recent developments until January 2021 in the last part.展开更多
The quantum field theory based on the hypothesis of the absolute reference system is a classical non-relativistic theory, which is compatible with current quantum theory. This conclusion arises when one compares the t...The quantum field theory based on the hypothesis of the absolute reference system is a classical non-relativistic theory, which is compatible with current quantum theory. This conclusion arises when one compares the theoretical results of quantum electrodynamics using the basic principles of this hypothesis. Wave equation, which replaces this of Schrodinger, is the classical wave equation of a peculiar electromagnetic wave, derived from the study of particle structure.展开更多
A systematic rigorous analysis of both massless fermion fields in the mass spectra of superstring theory is carried out. Our interest is in dynamical aspects of these fields. An explicit novel expression for the propa...A systematic rigorous analysis of both massless fermion fields in the mass spectra of superstring theory is carried out. Our interest is in dynamical aspects of these fields. An explicit novel expression for the propagator of the massless Rarita-Schwinger field (the gravitino), in the mass spectrum involving massless fermions in superstring theory in 10 dimensions, is derived. The analysis is carried in the presence of a non-constrained external source so that the full expression of the propagator emerges. The number of associated degrees of freedom is also obtained. We work in a Coulomb-like gauge. The massless Dirac field (the dilatino), the other massless fermion field in the mass spectra of superstring theory in 10 dimensions, is first investigated to this end.展开更多
The anomalous dimensions of the quantum fields are the Hausdorff dimensiongrad. The present candidate of the renormalization constant is the generalized Cantor discontinuum. The Hausdorff dimensiongrad of the Minkowsk...The anomalous dimensions of the quantum fields are the Hausdorff dimensiongrad. The present candidate of the renormalization constant is the generalized Cantor discontinuum. The Hausdorff dimensiongrad of the Minkowski space time is based upon the point set with σ-length on light cone.展开更多
The travel time of rock compressional waves is an essential parameter used for estimating important rock properties,such as porosity,permeability,and lithology.Current methods,like wireline logging tests,provide broad...The travel time of rock compressional waves is an essential parameter used for estimating important rock properties,such as porosity,permeability,and lithology.Current methods,like wireline logging tests,provide broad measurements but lack finer resolution.Laboratory-based rock core measurements offer higher resolution but are resource-intensive.Conventionally,wireline logging and rock core measurements have been used independently.This study introduces a novel approach that integrates both data sources.The method leverages the detailed features from limited core data to enhance the resolution of wireline logging data.By combining machine learning with random field theory,the method allows for probabilistic predictions in regions with sparse data sampling.In this framework,12 parameters from wireline tests are used to predict trends in rock core data.The residuals are modeled using random field theory.The outcomes are high-resolution predictions that combine both the predicted trend and the probabilistic realizations of the residual.By utilizing unconditional and conditional random field theories,this method enables unconditional and conditional simulations of the underlying high-resolution rock compressional wave travel time profile and provides uncertainty estimates.This integrated approach optimizes the use of existing core and logging data.Its applicability is confirmed in an oil project in West China.展开更多
We propose a quantization procedure for the nucleon-scMar meson system, in which an arbitrary mean scalar meson field Ф is introduced. The equivalence of this procedure with the usual one is proven for any given valu...We propose a quantization procedure for the nucleon-scMar meson system, in which an arbitrary mean scalar meson field Ф is introduced. The equivalence of this procedure with the usual one is proven for any given value of qS. By use of this procedure, the scalar meson field in the Walecka＇s MFA and in Chin＇s RHA are quantized around the mean field, Its corrections on these theories are considered by perturbation up to the second order. The arbitrariness of Ф makes us free to fix it at any stage in the calculation. When we fix it in the way of Walecka＇s MFA, the quantum corrections are big, and the result does not converge. When we fix it in the way of Chin＇s RHA, the quantum correction is negligibly small, and the convergence is excellent. It shows that RHA covers the leading part of quantum field theory for nuclear systems and is an excellent zeroth order approximation for further quantum corrections, while the Walecka＇s MFA does not. We suggest to fix the parameter Ф at the end of the whole calculation by minimizing the total energy per-nucleon for the nuclear matter or the total energy for the finite nucleus, to make the quantized relativistic mean field theory （QRMFT） a variational method.展开更多
Stochastic Quantum Space (SQS) theory is a new version of unified field theory based on three fundamental postulations: Gaussian Probability Postulation, Prime Numbers Postulation, Vacuon Postulation. It build a frame...Stochastic Quantum Space (SQS) theory is a new version of unified field theory based on three fundamental postulations: Gaussian Probability Postulation, Prime Numbers Postulation, Vacuon Postulation. It build a framework with theoretical results agree with many experimental data well. For more information, please refer to the PDF.展开更多
文摘In “<i>A Self-linking Field Formalism</i>” I establish a self-dual field structure with higher order self-induced symmetries that reinforce the first-order dynamics. The structure was derived from Gauss-linking integrals in R<sup>3</sup> based on the Biot-Savart law and Ampere’s law applied to Heaviside’s equations, derived in strength-independent fashion in “<i>Primordial Principle of Self-Interaction</i>”. The derivation involves Geometric Calculus, topology, and field equations. My goal in this paper is to derive the simplest solution of a self-stabilized solitonic structure and discuss this model of a neutrino.
基金support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22273043).
文摘As a novel class of purely organic fluores-cent materials,multiple resonance thermal-ly activated delayed fluorescence(MR-TADF)compounds hold significant promise for next-generation display technologies.The efficiency of exciton utilization and the overall performance of organic light-emit-ting devices are closely linked to the singlet-triplet energy gap(ΔE_(ST))of MR-TADF emitters.Identifying an economic and accu-rate theoretical approach to predictΔE_(ST)would be beneficial for high-throughput screening and facilitate the inverse design of MR-TADF molecules.In this study,we evaluated the S_(1)state energy(E(S_(1))),T_(1)state ener-gy(E(T_(1))),andΔE_(ST)using three different physical interpretations:adiabatic excitation ener-gy,vertical absorption energy,and vertical emission energy.We employed the time-depen-dent density functional theory(TDDFT)and delta self-consistent field(ΔSCF)methods to calculate E(S_(1)),E(T_(1)),andΔE_(ST)for 20 MR-TADF molecules reported in the literature.We compared these calculated values with experimental data obtained from fluorescence spec-troscopy at room-temperature(or 77 K)and phosphorescence spectroscopy conducted at 77 K.Our findings indicate that the vertical absorption energy at the S0 state minimum,deter-mined by theΔSCF method,accurately predicts the S_(1)state energy.Similarly,the vertical absorption energy at the S0 state minimum,calculated using the TDDFT method,effectively predicts the T_(1)state energy.TheΔE_(ST)derived from the difference between these two excita-tion energies exhibited the smallest mean absolute error of only 0.039 eV compared to the ex-perimental values.This combination represents the most accurate and cost-effective method reported to date for predicting theΔE_(ST)of MR-TADF molecules,and can be integrated into AI-driven inverse design workflows for new emitters.
文摘Complex Field Theory (CFT) proposes that dark matter (DM) and dark energy (DE) are pervasive, complex fields of charged complex masses of equally positive and negative complex charges, respectively. It proposes that each material object, including living creatures, is concomitant with a fraction of the charged complex masses of DM and DE in proportion to its mass. This perception provides new insights into the physics of nature and its constituents from subatomic to cosmic scales. This complex nature of DM and DE explains our inability to see DM or harvest DE for the last several decades. The positive complex DM is responsible for preserving the integrity of galaxies and all material systems. The negative complex charged DE induces a positive repelling force with the positively charged DM and contributes to the universe’s expansion. Both fields are Lorentz invariants in all directions and entangle the whole universe. The paper uses CFT to investigate zero-point energy, particle-wave duality, relativistic mass increase, and entanglement phenomenon and unifies Coulomb’s and Newton’s laws. The paper also verifies the existence of tachyons and explains the spooky action of quantum mechanics at a distance. The paper encourages further research into how CFT might resolve several physical mysteries in physics.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12274472,12494594,12494591,and 92165204)National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFA1402802)+2 种基金Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetoelectric Physics and Devices(Grant No.2022B1212010008)Guangdong Fundamental Research Center for Magnetoelectric Physics(Grant No.2024B0303390001)Guangdong Provincial Quantum Science Strategic Initiative(Grant No.GDZX2401010)。
文摘We investigate the interplay between the pseudogap state and d-wave superconductivity in the two-dimensional doped Hubbard model by employing an eight-site cluster dynamical mean-field theory method.By tuning electron hopping parameters,the strong-coupling pseudogap in the two-dimensional Hubbard model can be either enhanced or suppressed in the doped Mott insulator regime.We find that in underdoped cases,the closing of pseudogap leads to a significant enhancement of superconductivity,indicating competition between the two in the underdoped regime.In contrast,at large dopings,suppressing the pseudogap is accompanied by a concurrent decrease in the superconducting transition temperature Tc,which can be attributed to a reduction in antiferromagnetic correlations behind both the pseudogap and superconductivity.We elucidate this evolving relationship between pseudogap and superconductivity across different doping regimes.
文摘This study examines the effect of charge on physical features of a gravastar model in the framework of Rastall gravity.A gravastar is an alternative model to a black hole consisting of three separate regions:the inner sector,the intermediate shell and the outer sector.Different values of the barotropic equation of state(EoS)parameter provide the mathematical basis for these regions.Field equations(FEs)are initially developed for a spherically symmetric spacetime coupled with charged matter distribution.We then use the temporal component of TolmanⅣspacetime to formulate the radial metric potential for both the inner region and intermediate shell.We also apply the matching criteria to ensure smooth matching of exterior and interior spacetimes so that the constants resulting from integrations can be determined.Afterwards,we explore various physical properties of the developed gravastar model such as the proper length,entropy,energy,and others to analyze how shell thickness and charge affect them.It is concluded that,in the background of Rastall theory,a gravastar model exists and serves as a viable alternative to the black hole.
文摘This paper describes the drift-diffusion theory of the bipolar field-effect transistor （BiFET） with two identical and connected metal-oxide-silicon-gates （MOS-gates） on a thin-pure-base. Analytical solution is obtained by partitioning the two-dimensional transistor into two one-dimensional problems coupled by the parametric sur- face-electric-potential. Total and component output and transfer currents and conductances versus D. C. voltages from the drift-diffusion theory, and their deviations from the electrochemical （quasi-Fermi） potential-gradient theory,are presented over practical ranges of thicknesses of the silicon base and gate oxide. A substantial contri- bution from the longitudinal gradient of the square of the transverse electric field is shown.
文摘Monopoles and vortices are well known magnetically charged soliton solutions of gauge field equations. Extending the idea of Dirac on monopoles, Schwinger pioneered the concept of solitons carrying both electric and magnetic charges, called dyons, which are useful in modeling elementary particles. Mathematically, the existence of dyons presents interesting variational partial differential equation problems, subject to topological constraints. This article is a survey on recent progress in the study of dyons.
基金Project supported by the Technology and Development Research Project of China Railway Corporation(Grant No.2012X007-D)the Key Program of Technology and Development Research Foundation of China Railway Corporation(Grant No.2012X003-A)
文摘Routing and path selection are crucial for many communication and logistic applications. We study the interaction between nodes and packets and establish a simple model for describing the attraction of the node to the packet in transmission process by using the gravitational field theory, considering the real and potential congestion of the nodes. On the basis of this model, we propose a gravitational field routing strategy that considers the attractions of all of the nodes on the travel path to the packet. In order to illustrate the efficiency of proposed routing algorithm, we introduce the order parameter to measure the throughput of the network by the critical value of phase transition from a free flow phase to a congested phase,and study the distribution of betweenness centrality and traffic jam. Simulations show that, compared with the shortest path routing strategy, the gravitational field routing strategy considerably enhances the throughput of the network and balances the traffic load, and nearly all of the nodes are used efficiently.
文摘In the Einstein field equations, the geometry or the curvature of space-time defined as depended on the distribution of mass and energy principally resides on the left-hand side is set identical to a non-geometrical tensorial representation of matter on the right-hand side. In one or another form, general relativity accords a direct geometrical significance only to the gravitational field while the other physical fields are not of space time. They reside only in space time. Less well known, though of comparable importance is Einstein’s dissatisfaction with the fundamental asymmetry between gravitational and non-gravitational fields and his contributions to develop a completely relativistic geometrical field theory of all fundamental interactions, a unified field theory. Of special note in this context and equally significant is Einstein’s demand to replace the symmetrical tensor field by a non-symmetrical one and to drop the condition g<sub>ik</sub> = g<sub>ki</sub> for the field components. Historically, many other attempts were made too, to extend the general theory of relativity’s geometrization of gravitation to non-gravitational interactions, in particular, to electromagnetism. Still, progress has been very slow. It is the purpose of this publication to provide a unified field theory in which the gravitational field, the electromagnetic field and other fields are only different components or manifestations of the same unified field by mathematizing the relationship between cause and effect under conditions of general theory of relativity.
基金Projects(51078359, 51208522) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProjects(20110491269, 2012T50708) supported by China Postdoctoral Science FoundationProject supported by Postdoctoral Science Foundation of Central South University, China
文摘Based on the slip-line field theory, a two-dimensional slip failure mechanism with mesh-like rigid block system was constructed to analyze the ultimate bearing capacity problems of rough foundation within the framework of the upper bound limit analysis theorem. In the velocity discontinuities in transition area, the velocity changes in radial and tangent directions are allowed. The objective functions of the stability problems of geotechnical structures are obtained by equating the work rate of external force to internal dissipation along the velocity discontinuities, and then the objective functions are transformed as an upper-bound mathematic optimization model. The upper bound solutions for the objective functions are obtained by use of the nonlinear sequential quadratic programming and interior point method. From the numerical results and comparative analysis, it can be seen that the method presented in this work gives better calculation results than existing upper bound methods and can be used to establish the more accurate plastic collapse load for the ultimate bearing capacity of rough foundation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.21421001,21373118,and 21203100)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin,China(Grant No.13JCQNJC06700)+1 种基金the MOE Innovation Team of China(Grant No.IRT13022)NFFTBS(Grant No.J1103306)
文摘In order to understand the electric interfacial behavior, mean field based electric double layer （EDL） theory has been continuously developed over the past 150 years. In this article, we briefly review the development of the EDL model, from the dimensionless Gouy-Chapman model to the symmetric Bikerman-Freise model, and finally toward size-asymmetric mean field theory models. We provide the general derivations within the framework of Helmholtz free energy of the lattice- gas model, and it can be seen that the above-mentioned models are consistent in the sense that the interconversi0n among them can be achieved by reducing the basic assumptions.
文摘We establish the construction theory of function based upon a local field Kp as underlying space. By virture of the concept of pseudo-differential operator, we introduce ＂fractal calculus＂ （or, p-type calculus, or, Gibbs-Butzer calculus）. Then, show the Jackson direct approximation theorems, Bermstein inverse approximation theorems and the equivalent approximation theorems for compact group D（C Kp） and locally compact group Kp^＋-（= Kp）, so that the foundation of construction theory of function on local fields is established. Moreover, the Jackson type, Bernstein type, and equivalent approximation theorems on the HOlder-type space C^σ（Kp）, σ 〉0, are proved; then the equivalent approximation theorem on Sobolev-type space Wr（Kp）, σ≥0, 1≤r 〈∞, is shown.
基金It is a pleasure to thank Ofer Aharony,Shouvik Datta,Amit Giveon and David Kutasov for collaborations on the relevant projects that lead to this review.I thank Gang Yang for kind invitation and hospitality at ITP-CAS.Tm also indebted to Luis Apolo,Wei Li,Pujian Mao,Wei Song,Junbao Wu and Gang Yang for various helpful discussions.Many thanks to Alex Belin,Shouvik Datta,Amit Giveon,Madalena Lemos,Kostas Siampos,Wei Song,Roberto Tateo,Junbao Wu and Gang Yang for valuable feedbacks.
文摘This is a pedagogical review on TT^(-)deformation of two dimensional quantum field theories.It is based on three lectures which the author gave at ITP-CAS in December 2018.This review consists of four parts.The first part is a general introduction to TT^(-)deformation.Special emphasises are put on the deformed classical Lagrangian and the exact solvability of the spectrum.The second part focuses on the torus partition sum of the TT^(-)/JT^(-)deformed conformal field theories and modular invariance/covariance.In the third part,different perspectives of TT^(-)deformation are presented,including its relation to random geometry,2D topological gravity and holography.We summarize more recent developments until January 2021 in the last part.
文摘The quantum field theory based on the hypothesis of the absolute reference system is a classical non-relativistic theory, which is compatible with current quantum theory. This conclusion arises when one compares the theoretical results of quantum electrodynamics using the basic principles of this hypothesis. Wave equation, which replaces this of Schrodinger, is the classical wave equation of a peculiar electromagnetic wave, derived from the study of particle structure.
文摘A systematic rigorous analysis of both massless fermion fields in the mass spectra of superstring theory is carried out. Our interest is in dynamical aspects of these fields. An explicit novel expression for the propagator of the massless Rarita-Schwinger field (the gravitino), in the mass spectrum involving massless fermions in superstring theory in 10 dimensions, is derived. The analysis is carried in the presence of a non-constrained external source so that the full expression of the propagator emerges. The number of associated degrees of freedom is also obtained. We work in a Coulomb-like gauge. The massless Dirac field (the dilatino), the other massless fermion field in the mass spectra of superstring theory in 10 dimensions, is first investigated to this end.
文摘The anomalous dimensions of the quantum fields are the Hausdorff dimensiongrad. The present candidate of the renormalization constant is the generalized Cantor discontinuum. The Hausdorff dimensiongrad of the Minkowski space time is based upon the point set with σ-length on light cone.
基金the Australian Government through the Australian Research Council's Discovery Projects funding scheme(Project DP190101592)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41972280 and 52179103).
文摘The travel time of rock compressional waves is an essential parameter used for estimating important rock properties,such as porosity,permeability,and lithology.Current methods,like wireline logging tests,provide broad measurements but lack finer resolution.Laboratory-based rock core measurements offer higher resolution but are resource-intensive.Conventionally,wireline logging and rock core measurements have been used independently.This study introduces a novel approach that integrates both data sources.The method leverages the detailed features from limited core data to enhance the resolution of wireline logging data.By combining machine learning with random field theory,the method allows for probabilistic predictions in regions with sparse data sampling.In this framework,12 parameters from wireline tests are used to predict trends in rock core data.The residuals are modeled using random field theory.The outcomes are high-resolution predictions that combine both the predicted trend and the probabilistic realizations of the residual.By utilizing unconditional and conditional random field theories,this method enables unconditional and conditional simulations of the underlying high-resolution rock compressional wave travel time profile and provides uncertainty estimates.This integrated approach optimizes the use of existing core and logging data.Its applicability is confirmed in an oil project in West China.
基金Supported by the Nature Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10875003 and 10811240152the calculations are supported by CERNET High Performance Computing Center in China
文摘We propose a quantization procedure for the nucleon-scMar meson system, in which an arbitrary mean scalar meson field Ф is introduced. The equivalence of this procedure with the usual one is proven for any given value of qS. By use of this procedure, the scalar meson field in the Walecka＇s MFA and in Chin＇s RHA are quantized around the mean field, Its corrections on these theories are considered by perturbation up to the second order. The arbitrariness of Ф makes us free to fix it at any stage in the calculation. When we fix it in the way of Walecka＇s MFA, the quantum corrections are big, and the result does not converge. When we fix it in the way of Chin＇s RHA, the quantum correction is negligibly small, and the convergence is excellent. It shows that RHA covers the leading part of quantum field theory for nuclear systems and is an excellent zeroth order approximation for further quantum corrections, while the Walecka＇s MFA does not. We suggest to fix the parameter Ф at the end of the whole calculation by minimizing the total energy per-nucleon for the nuclear matter or the total energy for the finite nucleus, to make the quantized relativistic mean field theory （QRMFT） a variational method.
文摘Stochastic Quantum Space (SQS) theory is a new version of unified field theory based on three fundamental postulations: Gaussian Probability Postulation, Prime Numbers Postulation, Vacuon Postulation. It build a framework with theoretical results agree with many experimental data well. For more information, please refer to the PDF.
