Background:The concept of“involution”has garnered significant attention within China’s education system,encapsulating students’perceptions of intense and often fruitless academic competition.However,the impact of ...Background:The concept of“involution”has garnered significant attention within China’s education system,encapsulating students’perceptions of intense and often fruitless academic competition.However,the impact of perceived involution on students’psychological outcomes,particularly academic burnout,remains underexplored.This study examines the relationship between perceived involution and academic burnout among university students.Specifically,it examines whether anxiety mediates this relationship and whether self-control moderates the effect of perceived involution on anxiety.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was administered to 673 university students in China.Standardized scales were employed to measure perceived involution,anxiety,self-control,and academic burnout.Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 and the PROCESS macro(version 4.2),incorporating mediation(Model 4)and moderation(Model 7)analyses with bootstrapping procedures.Results:Perceived involution was positively associated with academic burnout(β=0.25,p<0.01),accounting for approximately 6%of the variance,which indicates a small-to-moderate effect.Anxiety partially mediated this relationship,with a significant indirect effect(B=0.0013,95%CI[0.0003,0.0029]).Furthermore,self-control significantly moderated the association between perceived involution and anxiety(interactionβ=0.19,p=0.03),such that the positive effect of perceived involution on anxiety was attenuated among students with higher self-control.Although the effect sizes were modest,these findings suggest meaningful psychological and practical implications at the population level in highly competitive academic environments.Conclusion:These findings suggest that perceived involution contributes to academic burnout by exacerbating anxiety,while self-control serves as a protective factor against it.The study offers theoretical insights into the emotional mechanisms underlying burnout and provides practical implications for stress intervention and mental health promotion in higher education.展开更多
This study examined the role of moral disengagement dual system of self-control in the relationship between parental psychological control and cyberbullying.Participants were involved 802 vocational college students(4...This study examined the role of moral disengagement dual system of self-control in the relationship between parental psychological control and cyberbullying.Participants were involved 802 vocational college students(46.01%females;M=18.11,SD=1.23).They completed measures on parental psychological control,moral disengagement,dual system of self-control(impulse and control system),and cyberbullying.The results from mediation-moderation analysis indicated that parental psychological control directly predicts higher cyberbullying.Specifically,moral disengagement partially mediated this relationship,as higher parental psychological control increases moral disengagement,which in turn elevates the risk of cyberbullying.Furthermore,parental psychological control moderated the relationship between parental control and cyberbullying through impulse control systems within the dual system of self-control.Individuals with high impulsivity scores are more likely to engage in cyberbullying when exposed to high levels of parental psychological control,whereas individuals with low impulsivity scores exhibit a lower incidence of cyberbullying.展开更多
The surrounding rock in tunnelling engineering and coal mining will sometimes be exposed to high temperature. Rock failure is the result of energy dissipation, and the study of the evolution and transformation behavio...The surrounding rock in tunnelling engineering and coal mining will sometimes be exposed to high temperature. Rock failure is the result of energy dissipation, and the study of the evolution and transformation behavior of energy is of great significance for the in-depth understanding of the deformation and failure of rock after high temperature. This study analyzed the intrinsic connection between mechanical properties and acoustic emission(AE) energy under temperature effect. Based on the energy dissipation and release theory, the distribution and transformation of energy was analyzed, and the energy selfincentive and self-inhibition(EII) model was further established. The main findings are that temperature effect affects the confidence interval trend and the value of AE energy rate, which is related to the change in mechanical properties. The ability of sandstone to store elastic strain energy after exposure to high temperature is independent of the mechanical properties. In this study, the ratio of dissipated energy to elastic energy is used to characterize the stable state of the sandstone system, which can be used as the energy indicator of rock failure precursor. During the absorption, storage, and release of energy before the peak stress, there exists self-incentive and self-inhibition of energy(control behavior).展开更多
<span style="font-family:"">Objective<span style="font-family:"">: To study the status of online game addiction, self-control ability and family function, analyze the influenc...<span style="font-family:"">Objective<span style="font-family:"">: To study the status of online game addiction, self-control ability and family function, analyze the influence factors and the relationship between them. Methods: The questionnaire of online game addiction, family function and self-control ability was used to investigate some college students. Results: 1) The detection rate of college students’ online game addiction is 40%. There are significant differences in sex, grade and only child in online game addiction. 2) There are significant differences in self-control ability and family function between online game addicts and non-addicts. 3) Self-control ability and family function have a significant predictive effect on online game addiction. Conclusion: College students’ online game addiction is affected by their self-control ability and family function, and it can be alleviated by improving their self-control ability and family function.<span style="font-family:"">展开更多
This study examines the correlation ~mong a number of personal and environmental resources that can recluce u^pz-~on, These are： religiosity, happiness, social support, and self-controL The participants in the study ...This study examines the correlation ~mong a number of personal and environmental resources that can recluce u^pz-~on, These are： religiosity, happiness, social support, and self-controL The participants in the study consisted of 219 Arab students from teacher training colleges in the Triangle region in central Israel. The findings indicate that all the resources that were examined contribute to reducing the level of depression; in other words, significant negative correlations were found between the level of religiosity, happiness, social support and self-control on the one hand, and the level of depression on the other hand. These findings are consistent with those of other studies conducted elsewhere in the world on different populations CChristian and lewish, as well as Muslim）. The present study and its findings are, however, the first to address the understanding of depression among the populace in question. The findings were discussed in accordance with a number of different theories.展开更多
Self-modeling(SM)and self-control(SC)feedback can be presented as two solutions for learning improvement.Therefore,the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of SM and SC feedback on 100-m freestyle p...Self-modeling(SM)and self-control(SC)feedback can be presented as two solutions for learning improvement.Therefore,the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of SM and SC feedback on 100-m freestyle performance of professional swimmers and waterpolo players.25 elite male swimmers and waterpolo players,were randomly assigned to four groups:swimmer group with SM,swimmer group with SM and SC feedback,waterpolo players group with SM,and waterpolo players group with SM and SC feedback.100-m freestyle times and performance were recorded.SM and SC feedback for the participants were utilized at the acquisition stage.The device used included a Lenovo B570 laptop and an Exilim ZR200 canon camcorder.SM and SC feedback presented to the swimmers and waterpolo players led to improved speed and results,and the effect of presenting SM with SC feedback to swimmers had better results.In conclusion,the present study indicates that SC modeling of watching video is a suitable method for professional swimmers.Water polo trainers can also use SM and SC feedback to enhance their players'swimming technique.展开更多
Previous studies have found that self-control training was effective in improving an individual’s self-control,which plays an important role in inhibiting negative emotions.However,it is unclear whether self-control ...Previous studies have found that self-control training was effective in improving an individual’s self-control,which plays an important role in inhibiting negative emotions.However,it is unclear whether self-control training can facilitate refraining from retaliation.This study randomly assigned participants(N=55)to a training condi-tion(building self-control by avoiding sweets)or a control condition.Before and after training,participants com-pleted the Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory-18(TRIM-18)and a modified Taylor aggression task once each.Participants in the training condition inflicted more low-intensity penalties on the pre-vious offender compared to control participants.Participants in the training condition reported lower revenge scores after training than before training.These results provide preliminary support that providing people who wish to forgive self-control training might promote forgiveness.展开更多
Cats placed in the situation of a choosing between a high-value time-delayed and a low-value immediate food rewards elected to wait for the preferred reward or to obtain the worse reward quickly. On the basis of the s...Cats placed in the situation of a choosing between a high-value time-delayed and a low-value immediate food rewards elected to wait for the preferred reward or to obtain the worse reward quickly. On the basis of the selected behavior strategy the cats were classified into three groups - self-control ones, choosing predominantly a delayed high-value food reward, impulsive, choosing predominantly an immediate low-value food reward, and ambivalent - with mixed types of reactions. The correlated firing between simultaneously recorded neurons in prefrontal cortex (PFC), n. accumbens (NAcb) and dorsomedial striatum (DMStr) during choice behavior task was studied. It was revealed that a total number of NAcb functional neuron interactions at cats showing self-control reactions exceeded that of observed at ambivalent and impulsive cats. The number of PFC and DMStr functional correlated firing at impulsive and ambivalent cats was more significant than at cats capable to self-control. Observed correlated firing between PFC and NAcb neurons (fronto-accumbal interactions) progressively increased with the shift of behavior to impulsiveness and decreased with self-control behavior. Our results demonstrate that performance of impulsive and self-control behavior alters the correlation structure of neural firing in PFC, NAcb, DMStr and suggest the key role of local PFC, NAcb, DMStr networks in realization of choice behavior.展开更多
This research focused on the social concern of college students5 participation in physical exercise and mobile phone dependence.The research model and hypotheses in this study were constructed based on the self-contro...This research focused on the social concern of college students5 participation in physical exercise and mobile phone dependence.The research model and hypotheses in this study were constructed based on the self-control theory and by reviewing previous research.This research distributed questionnaires to 207 college students from a university in Guangzhou,China to obtain relevant data.Mediation analysis was employed to test the four hypotheses drawn from empirical and conceptual research.The results of this research showed that first,the longer the exercise duration of college students,the higher the level of their self-control,thus exercise duration has a significant positive impact on self-control.Second,increasing the exercise duration of college students had no effect on their mobile phone dependence.Third,the higher the level of selfcontrol,the lower the dependence on mobile phones,thus signifying that self-control has significantly negative impact on mobile phone dependence.Fourth,self-control plays a mediating role in the effect of exercise duration on mobile phone dependence.In conclusion,the longer the exercise duration of college students,the higher the level of self-control,in which it is able to significantly reduce the dependence on mobile phones.展开更多
Objective:To explore the effect of continuous non-invasive blood pressure monitoring on intraoperative hemodynamics and postoperative myocardial injury in craniotomy.Methods:120 cases of elective craniotomy were divid...Objective:To explore the effect of continuous non-invasive blood pressure monitoring on intraoperative hemodynamics and postoperative myocardial injury in craniotomy.Methods:120 cases of elective craniotomy were divided into the self-control group(continuous non-invasive blood pressure monitoring and intermittent cuff non-invasive blood pressure monitoring,CNAP group)and propensity score matching group(only intermittent cuff non-invasive blood pressure measurement in previous craniotomy,PSM group);Goal-directed hemodynamic management in CNAP group included heart rate(HR),blood pressure(BP),stroke volume(SV),stroke variability(SVV),and systemic vascular resistance index(SVRI).The main index is to compare the troponin level within 72 hours after operation between the CNAP group and the PSM group;The secondary indicators are the comparison of the hemodynamic conditions between the CNAP group and the PSM at 10 specific time points.Results:The incidence of postoperative myocardial injury in the CNAP group was significantly lower than that in the PSM group(12%vs.30%,P=0.01);in the CNAP group hypotensive episodes(6 vs.3,P=0.01),positive balance of fluid therapy(700 vs.500 mL,P<0.001),more use of vasoactive drugs(29 vs.18,P=0.04),more stable hemodynamics medical status(P=0.03)were recorded.Conclusion:The hemodynamic management strategy based on continuous non-invasive blood pressure monitoring can reduce the incidence of myocardial injury after elective craniotomy and maintain a more stable hemodynamic state.展开更多
Objective:To explore the intervention effect of the Structured Health Education course and 5A nursing model for self-control of elderly patients with coronary heart disease.Methods:Using the random sampling method,124...Objective:To explore the intervention effect of the Structured Health Education course and 5A nursing model for self-control of elderly patients with coronary heart disease.Methods:Using the random sampling method,124 elderly CAD patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group.The control group line routine health education,experimental group take structured health education combined with 5A nursing before and after the intervention using a coronary heart disease assessment questionnaire,coronary heart disease self-control scale evaluation of two groups of intervention,compare two groups before and after intervention blood pressure,blood sugar,body mass index,lipid index level and complications within 8 months after discharge.Results:After the course intervention,the disease cognition and self-behavior of the experimental group were higher than that of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.1).Conclusion:This course is suitable for elderly patients with coronary heart disease.The 5A model improves the cognitive and management ability of elderly patients to a certain extent,which is worthy of clinical application.展开更多
Self-control is an important cornerstone for the academic achievement and long-term successful development of college students.This study developed a localized system of observation indicators for self-control based o...Self-control is an important cornerstone for the academic achievement and long-term successful development of college students.This study developed a localized system of observation indicators for self-control based on a systematic review of the multidimensional theoretical concepts of self-control and the behavioral manifestations of self-control deficiency among Chinese college students.Using China’s longitudinal data of college students,it explored the driving effects and mechanisms through which self-control influences academic achievement.The findings indicated that self-control deficiency among Chinese college students manifests in characteristics such as failure in controlling efforts,failure in delaying gratification,unhealthy sleep habits,and symptoms of digital distraction across academic,daily life,and online domains.Through the mediating role of academic engagement,self-control significantly drives both concurrent and long-term academic achievement of students.This study offers scientific support for higher education institutions to enhance self-control among students and safeguard the caliber of talent cultivation.展开更多
基金funded by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,Zhongnan University of Economics and Law(Grant 2722022DS002)Projects of Hubei Provincial Education Science Planning(Grant 2023GA020).
文摘Background:The concept of“involution”has garnered significant attention within China’s education system,encapsulating students’perceptions of intense and often fruitless academic competition.However,the impact of perceived involution on students’psychological outcomes,particularly academic burnout,remains underexplored.This study examines the relationship between perceived involution and academic burnout among university students.Specifically,it examines whether anxiety mediates this relationship and whether self-control moderates the effect of perceived involution on anxiety.Methods:A cross-sectional survey was administered to 673 university students in China.Standardized scales were employed to measure perceived involution,anxiety,self-control,and academic burnout.Data analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 and the PROCESS macro(version 4.2),incorporating mediation(Model 4)and moderation(Model 7)analyses with bootstrapping procedures.Results:Perceived involution was positively associated with academic burnout(β=0.25,p<0.01),accounting for approximately 6%of the variance,which indicates a small-to-moderate effect.Anxiety partially mediated this relationship,with a significant indirect effect(B=0.0013,95%CI[0.0003,0.0029]).Furthermore,self-control significantly moderated the association between perceived involution and anxiety(interactionβ=0.19,p=0.03),such that the positive effect of perceived involution on anxiety was attenuated among students with higher self-control.Although the effect sizes were modest,these findings suggest meaningful psychological and practical implications at the population level in highly competitive academic environments.Conclusion:These findings suggest that perceived involution contributes to academic burnout by exacerbating anxiety,while self-control serves as a protective factor against it.The study offers theoretical insights into the emotional mechanisms underlying burnout and provides practical implications for stress intervention and mental health promotion in higher education.
基金supported by the Industry-Education Integration and Collaborative Education Project(No.230806121220054)the Joint Founding Project of Innovation Research Institute of Xijing Hospital(LHJJ24XL06).
文摘This study examined the role of moral disengagement dual system of self-control in the relationship between parental psychological control and cyberbullying.Participants were involved 802 vocational college students(46.01%females;M=18.11,SD=1.23).They completed measures on parental psychological control,moral disengagement,dual system of self-control(impulse and control system),and cyberbullying.The results from mediation-moderation analysis indicated that parental psychological control directly predicts higher cyberbullying.Specifically,moral disengagement partially mediated this relationship,as higher parental psychological control increases moral disengagement,which in turn elevates the risk of cyberbullying.Furthermore,parental psychological control moderated the relationship between parental control and cyberbullying through impulse control systems within the dual system of self-control.Individuals with high impulsivity scores are more likely to engage in cyberbullying when exposed to high levels of parental psychological control,whereas individuals with low impulsivity scores exhibit a lower incidence of cyberbullying.
基金supported by the Joint Program between National Natural Science Foundation of China and Shandong Province (No. U1806209)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Nos. TP-19-021A3 and FRF-IDRY-19-002)。
文摘The surrounding rock in tunnelling engineering and coal mining will sometimes be exposed to high temperature. Rock failure is the result of energy dissipation, and the study of the evolution and transformation behavior of energy is of great significance for the in-depth understanding of the deformation and failure of rock after high temperature. This study analyzed the intrinsic connection between mechanical properties and acoustic emission(AE) energy under temperature effect. Based on the energy dissipation and release theory, the distribution and transformation of energy was analyzed, and the energy selfincentive and self-inhibition(EII) model was further established. The main findings are that temperature effect affects the confidence interval trend and the value of AE energy rate, which is related to the change in mechanical properties. The ability of sandstone to store elastic strain energy after exposure to high temperature is independent of the mechanical properties. In this study, the ratio of dissipated energy to elastic energy is used to characterize the stable state of the sandstone system, which can be used as the energy indicator of rock failure precursor. During the absorption, storage, and release of energy before the peak stress, there exists self-incentive and self-inhibition of energy(control behavior).
文摘<span style="font-family:"">Objective<span style="font-family:"">: To study the status of online game addiction, self-control ability and family function, analyze the influence factors and the relationship between them. Methods: The questionnaire of online game addiction, family function and self-control ability was used to investigate some college students. Results: 1) The detection rate of college students’ online game addiction is 40%. There are significant differences in sex, grade and only child in online game addiction. 2) There are significant differences in self-control ability and family function between online game addicts and non-addicts. 3) Self-control ability and family function have a significant predictive effect on online game addiction. Conclusion: College students’ online game addiction is affected by their self-control ability and family function, and it can be alleviated by improving their self-control ability and family function.<span style="font-family:"">
文摘This study examines the correlation ~mong a number of personal and environmental resources that can recluce u^pz-~on, These are： religiosity, happiness, social support, and self-controL The participants in the study consisted of 219 Arab students from teacher training colleges in the Triangle region in central Israel. The findings indicate that all the resources that were examined contribute to reducing the level of depression; in other words, significant negative correlations were found between the level of religiosity, happiness, social support and self-control on the one hand, and the level of depression on the other hand. These findings are consistent with those of other studies conducted elsewhere in the world on different populations CChristian and lewish, as well as Muslim）. The present study and its findings are, however, the first to address the understanding of depression among the populace in question. The findings were discussed in accordance with a number of different theories.
文摘Self-modeling(SM)and self-control(SC)feedback can be presented as two solutions for learning improvement.Therefore,the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of SM and SC feedback on 100-m freestyle performance of professional swimmers and waterpolo players.25 elite male swimmers and waterpolo players,were randomly assigned to four groups:swimmer group with SM,swimmer group with SM and SC feedback,waterpolo players group with SM,and waterpolo players group with SM and SC feedback.100-m freestyle times and performance were recorded.SM and SC feedback for the participants were utilized at the acquisition stage.The device used included a Lenovo B570 laptop and an Exilim ZR200 canon camcorder.SM and SC feedback presented to the swimmers and waterpolo players led to improved speed and results,and the effect of presenting SM with SC feedback to swimmers had better results.In conclusion,the present study indicates that SC modeling of watching video is a suitable method for professional swimmers.Water polo trainers can also use SM and SC feedback to enhance their players'swimming technique.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31700995)the Humanity and Social Science Youth Foundation of Ministry of Education of China(17YJC190011).
文摘Previous studies have found that self-control training was effective in improving an individual’s self-control,which plays an important role in inhibiting negative emotions.However,it is unclear whether self-control training can facilitate refraining from retaliation.This study randomly assigned participants(N=55)to a training condi-tion(building self-control by avoiding sweets)or a control condition.Before and after training,participants com-pleted the Transgression-Related Interpersonal Motivations Inventory-18(TRIM-18)and a modified Taylor aggression task once each.Participants in the training condition inflicted more low-intensity penalties on the pre-vious offender compared to control participants.Participants in the training condition reported lower revenge scores after training than before training.These results provide preliminary support that providing people who wish to forgive self-control training might promote forgiveness.
文摘Cats placed in the situation of a choosing between a high-value time-delayed and a low-value immediate food rewards elected to wait for the preferred reward or to obtain the worse reward quickly. On the basis of the selected behavior strategy the cats were classified into three groups - self-control ones, choosing predominantly a delayed high-value food reward, impulsive, choosing predominantly an immediate low-value food reward, and ambivalent - with mixed types of reactions. The correlated firing between simultaneously recorded neurons in prefrontal cortex (PFC), n. accumbens (NAcb) and dorsomedial striatum (DMStr) during choice behavior task was studied. It was revealed that a total number of NAcb functional neuron interactions at cats showing self-control reactions exceeded that of observed at ambivalent and impulsive cats. The number of PFC and DMStr functional correlated firing at impulsive and ambivalent cats was more significant than at cats capable to self-control. Observed correlated firing between PFC and NAcb neurons (fronto-accumbal interactions) progressively increased with the shift of behavior to impulsiveness and decreased with self-control behavior. Our results demonstrate that performance of impulsive and self-control behavior alters the correlation structure of neural firing in PFC, NAcb, DMStr and suggest the key role of local PFC, NAcb, DMStr networks in realization of choice behavior.
文摘This research focused on the social concern of college students5 participation in physical exercise and mobile phone dependence.The research model and hypotheses in this study were constructed based on the self-control theory and by reviewing previous research.This research distributed questionnaires to 207 college students from a university in Guangzhou,China to obtain relevant data.Mediation analysis was employed to test the four hypotheses drawn from empirical and conceptual research.The results of this research showed that first,the longer the exercise duration of college students,the higher the level of their self-control,thus exercise duration has a significant positive impact on self-control.Second,increasing the exercise duration of college students had no effect on their mobile phone dependence.Third,the higher the level of selfcontrol,the lower the dependence on mobile phones,thus signifying that self-control has significantly negative impact on mobile phone dependence.Fourth,self-control plays a mediating role in the effect of exercise duration on mobile phone dependence.In conclusion,the longer the exercise duration of college students,the higher the level of self-control,in which it is able to significantly reduce the dependence on mobile phones.
文摘Objective:To explore the effect of continuous non-invasive blood pressure monitoring on intraoperative hemodynamics and postoperative myocardial injury in craniotomy.Methods:120 cases of elective craniotomy were divided into the self-control group(continuous non-invasive blood pressure monitoring and intermittent cuff non-invasive blood pressure monitoring,CNAP group)and propensity score matching group(only intermittent cuff non-invasive blood pressure measurement in previous craniotomy,PSM group);Goal-directed hemodynamic management in CNAP group included heart rate(HR),blood pressure(BP),stroke volume(SV),stroke variability(SVV),and systemic vascular resistance index(SVRI).The main index is to compare the troponin level within 72 hours after operation between the CNAP group and the PSM group;The secondary indicators are the comparison of the hemodynamic conditions between the CNAP group and the PSM at 10 specific time points.Results:The incidence of postoperative myocardial injury in the CNAP group was significantly lower than that in the PSM group(12%vs.30%,P=0.01);in the CNAP group hypotensive episodes(6 vs.3,P=0.01),positive balance of fluid therapy(700 vs.500 mL,P<0.001),more use of vasoactive drugs(29 vs.18,P=0.04),more stable hemodynamics medical status(P=0.03)were recorded.Conclusion:The hemodynamic management strategy based on continuous non-invasive blood pressure monitoring can reduce the incidence of myocardial injury after elective craniotomy and maintain a more stable hemodynamic state.
基金2022 Campus-level Scientific and Technological Project of Qilu Institute of Technology"Exploring the Material Basis and Mechanism of Action of Erjing Pill in Preventing and Treating Kidney Yin Deficiency AD Based on Network Pharmacology and Molecular Biology"(Project No.:QIT22NN009)。
文摘Objective:To explore the intervention effect of the Structured Health Education course and 5A nursing model for self-control of elderly patients with coronary heart disease.Methods:Using the random sampling method,124 elderly CAD patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical University were randomly divided into an experimental group and a control group.The control group line routine health education,experimental group take structured health education combined with 5A nursing before and after the intervention using a coronary heart disease assessment questionnaire,coronary heart disease self-control scale evaluation of two groups of intervention,compare two groups before and after intervention blood pressure,blood sugar,body mass index,lipid index level and complications within 8 months after discharge.Results:After the course intervention,the disease cognition and self-behavior of the experimental group were higher than that of the control group,and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.1).Conclusion:This course is suitable for elderly patients with coronary heart disease.The 5A model improves the cognitive and management ability of elderly patients to a certain extent,which is worthy of clinical application.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,the general program“Research on the Incentive Mechanism of Organizational Support for the Career Development of Female Scholars under the Goal of Building China into a Leading Country in Science and Technology in the New Era”(No.72374015).
文摘Self-control is an important cornerstone for the academic achievement and long-term successful development of college students.This study developed a localized system of observation indicators for self-control based on a systematic review of the multidimensional theoretical concepts of self-control and the behavioral manifestations of self-control deficiency among Chinese college students.Using China’s longitudinal data of college students,it explored the driving effects and mechanisms through which self-control influences academic achievement.The findings indicated that self-control deficiency among Chinese college students manifests in characteristics such as failure in controlling efforts,failure in delaying gratification,unhealthy sleep habits,and symptoms of digital distraction across academic,daily life,and online domains.Through the mediating role of academic engagement,self-control significantly drives both concurrent and long-term academic achievement of students.This study offers scientific support for higher education institutions to enhance self-control among students and safeguard the caliber of talent cultivation.
