BACKGROUND Depression is a leading global health concern with high suicide rates and recurrence.Cognitive models suggest that mental pain and automatic thoughts are central to depression's impact.The hypothesis is...BACKGROUND Depression is a leading global health concern with high suicide rates and recurrence.Cognitive models suggest that mental pain and automatic thoughts are central to depression's impact.The hypothesis is that self-compassion will be negatively associated with mental pain,mediated by automatic thoughts.AIM To determine the mediating role of automatic thoughts in the relationship between self-compassion and mental pain in individuals with depression.METHODS This cross-sectional study included 389 inpatients with depression from Tianjin Anding Hospital.Participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale-Chinese Version(SCS-C),Automatic Thought Questionnaire(ATQ),and Orbach&Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale-Chinese Version(OMMP).Data were analyzed using Pearson correlations,multiple linear regressions,and mediation analysis.RESULTS The SCS-C total score was 68.95±14.89,ATQ was 87.02±28.91,and OMMP was 129.01±36.74.Correlation analysis showed mental pain was positively associated with automatic thoughts(r=0.802,P<0.001)and negatively with selfcompassion(r=-0.636,P<0.001).Regression analysis indicated automatic thoughts(β=0.623,P<0.001)and self-compassion(β=-0.301,P<0.001)significantly predicted mental pain.Mediation analysis confirmed automatic thoughts partially mediated the relationship between self-compassion and mental pain(ab=-0.269,95%CI:-0.363 to-0.212).CONCLUSION Self-compassion is inversely related to mental pain in depression,with automatic thoughts playing a mediating role.These findings suggest potential therapeutic targets for alleviating mental pain in depressed patients.展开更多
We propose a novel fast numerical calculation method for the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral,which is developed based on the existing scaled convolution method.This approach enables fast cal-culations for gen...We propose a novel fast numerical calculation method for the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral,which is developed based on the existing scaled convolution method.This approach enables fast cal-culations for general cases of off-axis scenarios where the sampling intervals and numbers of the input and observation planes are unequal.Additionally,it allows for arbitrary adjustment of the sampling interval of the impulse response function,facilitating a manual trade-off between computational load and accuracy.The er-rors associated with this method,which is equivalent to interpolation,primarily arise from the discontinuities of the sampling matrix of the impulse response function on its boundaries of periodic extension.To address this issue,we propose the concept of the padding function and its construction method,and evaluate its ef-fectiveness in enhancing computational accuracy.The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by nu-merical simulation and compared with the direct integration DI-method in a simplified scenario.It shows that the proposed method has good computational accuracy for the general case where the sampling interval of the input and observation plane is not equal under non-near-field diffraction,and when the diffraction distance is large,although the computational accuracy of the proposed method cannot exceed that of the DI-method,the computational amount can be significantly reduced with almost no effect on the computational accuracy.This method provides a general numerical calculation scheme of diffraction in the non-near field case for areas such as computational holography.展开更多
Objectives: The purpose of this study is to test the psychometric properties and validity of the unconditional positive self-regard scale (UPSR) and its two subscales developed by Patterson & Joseph (2006). It als...Objectives: The purpose of this study is to test the psychometric properties and validity of the unconditional positive self-regard scale (UPSR) and its two subscales developed by Patterson & Joseph (2006). It also aims to examine and compare the concepts of UPSR with self-compassion and its relation to mental well-being. Design: Correlation survey design validations of the UPSR scale (Patterson & Joseph, 2006). Methods: The validation was conducted using an undergraduate and postgraduate student opportunity sample, n = 179. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s coefficient alpha and inter-item correlations. Convergent and divergent validity was explored in terms of correlations with self-compassion, depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) scales. Results: There was good internal consistency for both the UPSR scale and the self-regard subscale and somewhat questionable internal consistency for the conditionality subscale. Overall the scale appears to be relatively consistent, supporting the previous findings reported by Patterson & Joseph (2006). The results supported the hypothesis that UPSR is positively correlated with a measure of self-compassion and negatively correlated with measures of depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7). Conclusions: The UPSR scale is a valid measure of the person-centred concept of unconditional positive self-regard. This supports the potential use of the UPSR scale for evaluating therapeutic change for client-centred practitioners through the use of this non-medicalized tool.展开更多
Arbitration is a key non-litigation commercial mechanism for the resolution of disputes, and the quality and credibility of its awards depend largely on the competency of the arbitrators. However, the selection and ev...Arbitration is a key non-litigation commercial mechanism for the resolution of disputes, and the quality and credibility of its awards depend largely on the competency of the arbitrators. However, the selection and evaluation systems for arbitrators in China have long faced challenges such as the vague criteria for competency and an unclear professionalization path for arbitrators. To address these issues, this study is grounded in the context of actual Chinese arbitration practice and based on the competency iceberg model. Through a methodological approach encompassing literature reviews, behavioral event interviews, expert revisions, and questionnaire surveys, a Chinese Arbitrator Competency Scale was developed and validated in this study. Examination of the findings indicated that the scale needed to consist of five dimensions—communication and coordination, cognitive skills, ethical conduct, work motivation, and personality traits—and possess a total of 28 specific indicators. Confirmatory analysis of the factors demonstrates a good fit for the five-dimensional model, with each of the dimensions exhibiting high reliability and validity. This scale is innovative in integrating the competency elements with Chinese characteristics, such as commercial acumen, crosscultural mediation skills, and adaptability to the local rule of law. This research not only enriches the competency theory in regard to the field of human resource management but also provides a scientific framework of standards and measurement tools for the selection, training, and evaluation of arbitrators. It thus has significant practical value for enhancing the professionalism and international competitiveness of China's arbitration system.展开更多
Among the low-cost nitrogen sources(dry spent yeast or DSY,rice bran,and soybean meal),DSY was identified as the most suitable supplement for lactic acid fermentation from sweet sorghum juice by Lactococcus lactis IO-...Among the low-cost nitrogen sources(dry spent yeast or DSY,rice bran,and soybean meal),DSY was identified as the most suitable supplement for lactic acid fermentation from sweet sorghum juice by Lactococcus lactis IO-1.However,lactic acid concentration(PL)using DSY was~22%lower than the control nitrogen source,yeast extract(YE).Statistical analysis using YE as a control nitrogen source revealed optimal conditions of 74.70 g/L of initial sugar and 15.20 g/L of YE,achieving a PL of 71.95 g/L and a 91.63%sugar consumption(SC).When DSY(22.61 g/L)containing an equivalent nitrogen content to the optimal YE was tested,PL and SC decreased to 55.13 g/L and 72.33%,respectively.Increasing DSY to 33.92 g/L(1.5 times)improved lactic acid productivity(QL)by~31%but did not enhance PL or SC.However,supplementing 33.92 g/L of DSY with 7.60 g/L of YE enhanced lactic acid production by~19-53%,achieving a PL of 70.11 g/L,SC of 92.33%,QL of 2.34 g/L⋅h,with a high lactic acid yield(YL/S),1.02 g/g.Scale-up fermentation in a 7.5-L fermenter demonstrated comparable results to those using 15.20 g/L of YE alone.These findings demonstrate that sweet sorghum juice supplemented with DSY and reduced YE is a promising medium for efficient lactic acid production,offering significant cost reduction potential for industrial applications while maintaining high productivity and yield.展开更多
Investigating urban spatial structures(USSs)and their influencing factors at different spatial scales is crucial for promoting sustainable urban transformation.Based on nighttime light datasets and the Herfindahl-Hirs...Investigating urban spatial structures(USSs)and their influencing factors at different spatial scales is crucial for promoting sustainable urban transformation.Based on nighttime light datasets and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index(HHI),this study analyzes USS characteristics in China from 2007 to 2023 on two spatial scales-prefecture-level cities and urban agglomerations.It also explores structural influencing factors,including the economy,infrastructure,society,and government intervention.We find that:(1)HHI values for both cities and urban agglomerations exhibit a decreasing trend,indicating a USS for both that is evolving toward polycentricity;(2)economic development promotes a polycentric structure at both spatial scales,whereas government intervention drives a monocentric structure;and(3)postal and communication infrastructure have conflicting effects on USSs,encouraging a monocentric structure at the city scale but fostering polycentricity at the urban agglomeration scale.展开更多
Northeast China serves as an important crop production region.Accurately forecasting summer precipitation in Northeast China(NEC-PR)has been a challenge due to its wide range of time scales influenced by varying clima...Northeast China serves as an important crop production region.Accurately forecasting summer precipitation in Northeast China(NEC-PR)has been a challenge due to its wide range of time scales influenced by varying climatic conditions.This study presents a scale separation hybrid statistical model with recurrent neural network(SS-RNN)to predict the summer monthly NEC-PR.The SS-RNN model decomposes the multiple scales of the NEC-PR into several spatiotemporal intrinsic mode functions covering annual to decadal time scales.This strategy provides a way to derive appropriate predictors and establish predictive models for the primary spatial modes of the NEC-PR at various time scales.Our results demonstrate substantial improvements by the SS-RNN model in predicting the summer monthly NEC-PR as compared with dynamic models,particularly in predicting the spatial pattern of the NEC-PR.In this paper we take August,the month of the highest NEC-PR,to assess our model skill.Independent forecasts of the August NEC-PR over the period 2021–24 achieve significant spatial anomaly correlation coefficients,reaching a maximum value of 0.83.Additional verifications by station observations show that the model hits most station anomalies,achieving a mean predictive skill score of 90.展开更多
Thermal storage electric heating(TSEH),as a prevalent variable load resource,offers significant potential for enhancing system flexibility when aggregated into a cluster.To address the uncertainties of renewable energ...Thermal storage electric heating(TSEH),as a prevalent variable load resource,offers significant potential for enhancing system flexibility when aggregated into a cluster.To address the uncertainties of renewable energy and load forecasting in active distribution networks(ADN),this paper proposes a multi-timescale coordinated optimal dispatch strategy that incorporates TSEH clusters.It utilizes the thermal storage characteristics and short-term regulation capabilities of TSEH,along with the rapid and gradual response characteristics of resources in active distribution grids,to develop a coordinated optimization dispatch mechanism for day-ahead,intraday,and real-time stages.It provides a coordinated optimized dispatch technique across several timescales for active distribution grids,taking into account the integration of TSEH clusters.The proposed method is validated on a modified IEEE 33-node system.Simulation results demonstrate that the participation of TSEH in collaborative optimization significantly reduces the total system operating cost by 8.71%compared to the scenario without TSEH.This cost reduction is attributed to a 10.84%decrease in interaction costs with the main grid and a 47.41%reduction in network loss costs,validating effective peak shaving and valley filling.The multi-timescale framework further enhances economic efficiency,with overall operating costs progressively decreasing by 3.91%(intraday)and 4.59%(real-time),and interaction costs further reduced by 5.34%and 9.25%,respectively.Moreover,the approach enhances system stability by effectively suppressing node voltage fluctuations and ensuring all voltages remain within safe operating limits during real-time operation.Therefore,the proposed approach achieves rational coordination of diverse resources,significantly improving the economic efficiency and stability of ADNs.展开更多
Owing to intensified globalization and informatization,the structures of the urban scale hierarchy and urban networks between cities have become increasingly intertwined,resulting in different spatial effects.Therefor...Owing to intensified globalization and informatization,the structures of the urban scale hierarchy and urban networks between cities have become increasingly intertwined,resulting in different spatial effects.Therefore,this paper analyzes the spatial interaction between urban scale hierarchy and urban networks in China from 2019 to 2023,drawing on Baidu migration data and employing a spatial simultaneous equation model.The results reveal a significant positive spatial correlation between cities with higher hierarchy and those with greater network centrality.Within a static framework,we identify a positive interaction between urban scale hierarchy and urban network centrality,while their spatial cross-effects manifest as negative neighborhood interactions based on geographical distance and positive cross-scale interactions shaped by network connections.Within a dynamic framework,changes in urban scale hierarchy and urban networks are mutually reinforcing,thereby widening disparities within the urban hierarchy.Furthermore,an increase in a city’s network centrality had a dampening effect on the population growth of neighboring cities and network-connected cities.This study enhances understanding of the spatial organisation of urban systems and offers insights for coordinated regional development.展开更多
The(010)orientation ofβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)is a highly promising platform for next-generation lateral power electronics due to its superior theoretical transport properties.However,progress has been impeded by the unavailabi...The(010)orientation ofβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)is a highly promising platform for next-generation lateral power electronics due to its superior theoretical transport properties.However,progress has been impeded by the unavailability of large-area substrates,limiting studies to small-scale samples.Leveraging the recent emergence of 2-inch wafers,we report the first demonstration of homoepitaxial growth on a 2-inch,Fe-doped semi-insulating(010)β-Ga_(2)O_(3)substrate by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD).A systematic,wafer-scale characterization reveals the successful growth of a highquality epitaxial film.High-resolution x-ray diffraction shows an excellent crystalline structure,with a rocking curve full-width ranging from 21.0 arcsec to 103.0 arcsec.Atomic force microscopy confirms an atomically smooth surface with a root-mean-square roughness below 1.53 nm,displaying a distinct step-flow growth mode across the wafer.Furthermore,mercury-probe capacitance-voltage mapping indicates a well-controlled carrier concentration of~2×10~(18)cm~(-3)with a RSD of 5.12%.This work provides the first comprehensive assessment of 2-inch(010)Ga_(2)O_(3)epitaxial wafers,validating a critical material platform for the development and future manufacturing of high-performance power devices.展开更多
Among the charged leptons,theτelectric dipole moment dτis the least constrained.We show that the Im[d_(τ)]imposes strong constraints on new physics that have yet to be discussed.Motivated in particular by the Super...Among the charged leptons,theτelectric dipole moment dτis the least constrained.We show that the Im[d_(τ)]imposes strong constraints on new physics that have yet to be discussed.Motivated in particular by the Super Tau-Charm Facility(STCF),which will provide a uniquely clean environment for precisionτ-physics,we study the momentum-transfer dependence of d_(τ)(q^(2))and compare the projected sensitivities of STCF and BelleⅡ.Our analysis shows that an axion-like coupling of the τ lepton can induce sizable real and imaginary components of the EDM.The predicted EDM values may approach the present experimental sensitivities,making them accessible to future measurements at Belle II and the STCF.展开更多
Objectives Worldwide,the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted mental health challenges for adolescent populations.The current study aims to examine the levels of perceived stress of COVID-19 and self-compassio...Objectives Worldwide,the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted mental health challenges for adolescent populations.The current study aims to examine the levels of perceived stress of COVID-19 and self-compassion and their relationship among adolescents in Saudi Arabia.Methods This study employed a cross-sectional online survey of adolescents from secondary schools in Asir,Saudi Arabia.Instruments that we distributed online included the modified Perceived Stress Scale(PSS-10)and the Self-Compassion Scale(SCS),in addition to demographic and health-related questions.A total of 500 adolescents completed the survey.Results Adolescents in the study reported an average moderate perceived stress level of 18.6(SD=6.67)and an average moderate self-compassion level of 3.22(SD=0.53).A significant correlation is also found between the two variables(r=−0.460,P<0.001).This negative correlation indicates that lower levels of perceived stress are significantly correlated with higher levels of self-compassion.Conclusion The study results show that the perceived stress of COVID-19 is inversely correlated with self-compassion in Saudi adolescents.Further research is needed to explore how to enhance adolescents’self-compassion.School nurses’role should be given full play in this area.展开更多
BACKGROUND Studies have indicated that childhood exposure to domestic violence is a common factor in posttraumatic growth(PTG)and posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD),but it is unclear whether PTG and PTSD share a comm...BACKGROUND Studies have indicated that childhood exposure to domestic violence is a common factor in posttraumatic growth(PTG)and posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD),but it is unclear whether PTG and PTSD share a common/different underlying mechanism.AIM To explore the common/different underlying mechanism of PTG and PTSD.METHODS Between February 12 and 17,2020,a nationwide cross-sectional online survey was conducted in China among 2038 university students,and a self-administered questionnaire was used for the data collection.The data included demographic characteristics,such as age,gender,and subjective social economic status,and childhood exposure to domestic violence scale that was selected from the Chinese version of revised Adverse Childhood Experiences Question,Self-compassion Scale,Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale,Posttraumatic Growth Inventory,and the Abbreviated PTSD Checklist-Civilian version.A structural equation model was used to test the hypotheses.RESULTS Exposure to domestic violence was significantly associated with PTG and PTSD via a 1-step indirect path of self-compassion(PTG:β=-0.023,95%CI:-0.44 to-0.007;PTSD:β=0.008,95%CI:0.002,0.014)and via a 2-step indirect path from self-compassion to resilience(PTG:β=-0.008,95%CI:-0.018 to-0.002;PTSD:β=0.013,95%CI:0.004-0.024).However,resilience did not mediate the relationship between exposure to domestic violence and PTG and PTSD.CONCLUSION PTG and PTSD are common results of childhood exposure to domestic violence,which may be influenced by self-compassion and resilience.展开更多
Objective: To determine how self-compassion and empathy might influence the degree of burnout, secondary traumatic stress and compassion satisfaction among medical students and residents. Methods: Cross-sectional surv...Objective: To determine how self-compassion and empathy might influence the degree of burnout, secondary traumatic stress and compassion satisfaction among medical students and residents. Methods: Cross-sectional survey of medical students and select residency programs at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan. Respondents completed the Professional Quality of Life Scale (burnout, secondary traumatic stress and compassion satisfaction), Neff’s Self-Compassion Scale, and the empathic concern and personal distress subscales of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Results: The response rate was 28.6%. 23.9% and 27.3% of medical trainees reported high levels of burnout and secondary traumatic stress, respectively. Females reported greater empathy but lower self-compassion than males. Greater concern for others and oneself and lower personal distress predicted greater pleasure derived from professional work. Less concern for others and lower concern for oneself predicted greater burnout. Conclusions: Compassion for oneself and for others within their care appears to ameliorate burnout and can increase professional satisfaction. Initiatives to foster empathy and self-compassion may enhance individual well-being.展开更多
Objective:Nurses,due to the nature of their job,are subjected to various forms of stress and physical and psychological injuries.Self-compassion and a sense of coherence have attracted much attention in research in re...Objective:Nurses,due to the nature of their job,are subjected to various forms of stress and physical and psychological injuries.Self-compassion and a sense of coherence have attracted much attention in research in recent years as having high potential for improving the health and performance of people in the workplace.The present study aimed to compare self-compassion and the sense of coherence in nurses working in psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences.Methods:The present study was a descriptive-comparative study of applied type conducted on 100 nurses of Shahid Beheshti Psychiatric Hospital in Kerman by the census method and 100 nurses of other hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences by the stratified random sampling method.The instruments included the self-compassion questionnaire and the sense of coherence questionnaire.Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software.Results:The results of the present study showed that self-compassion and sense of coherence were higher in psychiatric nurses(39.35±7.7 and 53.02±8.01)than among other nurses(36.03±5.81 and 49.76±6.30).There was a direct and moderate relationship between a sense of coherence and self-compassion(P-value<0.005).The higher the score of compassion for oneself,the higher was the score of sense of coherence.Furthermore,the sense of coherence had a direct and weak relationship with all dimensions of self-compassion,except for the extreme imitation dimension,which showed a direct and moderate relationship to other dimensions(P-value<0.001).Conclusions:Self-compassion and a sense of coherence,as a form of self-communication,increase nurses’satisfaction and reduce nurses’job stress and,as a result,job performance is improved.展开更多
The present study has been conducted in order to determine the self-compassion levels of the students studying in various departments of the faculties of sports sciences and performing sports, and thus to find out whe...The present study has been conducted in order to determine the self-compassion levels of the students studying in various departments of the faculties of sports sciences and performing sports, and thus to find out whether certain variables such as their branch, department and families have an effect on their self-compassion levels. The ＂Self-compassion Scale＂ was used as the data collection tool in the study. In the present study, when the self-compassion levels of the students of the faculties of sports sciences were evaluated by various variables, it was found that the self-compassion levels of the students of Mugla University were significantly higher than those of the students of Ankara University, that the self-compassion levels of the students studying in the department of teaching were higher than those of the students studying in the department of coaching, and that the self-compassion levels of the students performing the branch of football were significantly higher than those of the students performing the branch of volleyball. When the students were compared based on the cities they live, it was found that the students living in the province of Mugla had significantly higher levels of self-compassion comparing to the students living in the province Ankara. Consequently, it was determined that the self-compassion levels of the students studying in various departments of the faculties of sports sciences were moderate, and that the differences in the province, department and the sports branch had an effect on the levels of self-compassion.展开更多
Contingent self-esteem captures the fragile nature of self-esteem and is often regarded as suboptimal to psychological functioning.Self-compassion is another important self-related concept assumed to promote mental he...Contingent self-esteem captures the fragile nature of self-esteem and is often regarded as suboptimal to psychological functioning.Self-compassion is another important self-related concept assumed to promote mental health and well-being.However,research on the relation of self-compassion to contingent self-esteem is lacking.Two studies were conducted to explore the role of selfcompassion,either as a personal characteristic or an induced mindset,in influencing the effects of contingent self-esteem on well-being.Study 1 recruited 256 Chinese college students(30.4%male,mean age=21.72 years)who filled out measures of contingent self-esteem,self-compassion,and well-being.The results found that self-compassion moderated the effect of contingent self-esteem on well-being.In Study 2,a sample of 90 Chinese college students(34%male,mean age=18.39 years)were randomly assigned to either a control or self-compassion group.They completed baseline trait measures of contingent self-esteem,self-compassion,and self-esteem.Then,they were led to have a 12-min break(control group)or listen to a 12-min self-compassion audio(self-compassion group),followed by a social stress task and outcome measures.The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the brief self-compassion training and its moderating role in influencing the effects of contingent self-esteem on negative affects after the social stress task.This research provides implications that to equip with a self-compassionate mindset could lower the risk of the impairment of well-being associated with elements of contingent selfesteem,which involves a fragile sense of self-worth.It may also provide insights into the development of an“optimal selfesteem”and the improvement of well-being.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Depression is a leading global health concern with high suicide rates and recurrence.Cognitive models suggest that mental pain and automatic thoughts are central to depression's impact.The hypothesis is that self-compassion will be negatively associated with mental pain,mediated by automatic thoughts.AIM To determine the mediating role of automatic thoughts in the relationship between self-compassion and mental pain in individuals with depression.METHODS This cross-sectional study included 389 inpatients with depression from Tianjin Anding Hospital.Participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale-Chinese Version(SCS-C),Automatic Thought Questionnaire(ATQ),and Orbach&Mikulincer Mental Pain Scale-Chinese Version(OMMP).Data were analyzed using Pearson correlations,multiple linear regressions,and mediation analysis.RESULTS The SCS-C total score was 68.95±14.89,ATQ was 87.02±28.91,and OMMP was 129.01±36.74.Correlation analysis showed mental pain was positively associated with automatic thoughts(r=0.802,P<0.001)and negatively with selfcompassion(r=-0.636,P<0.001).Regression analysis indicated automatic thoughts(β=0.623,P<0.001)and self-compassion(β=-0.301,P<0.001)significantly predicted mental pain.Mediation analysis confirmed automatic thoughts partially mediated the relationship between self-compassion and mental pain(ab=-0.269,95%CI:-0.363 to-0.212).CONCLUSION Self-compassion is inversely related to mental pain in depression,with automatic thoughts playing a mediating role.These findings suggest potential therapeutic targets for alleviating mental pain in depressed patients.
文摘We propose a novel fast numerical calculation method for the Rayleigh-Sommerfeld diffraction integral,which is developed based on the existing scaled convolution method.This approach enables fast cal-culations for general cases of off-axis scenarios where the sampling intervals and numbers of the input and observation planes are unequal.Additionally,it allows for arbitrary adjustment of the sampling interval of the impulse response function,facilitating a manual trade-off between computational load and accuracy.The er-rors associated with this method,which is equivalent to interpolation,primarily arise from the discontinuities of the sampling matrix of the impulse response function on its boundaries of periodic extension.To address this issue,we propose the concept of the padding function and its construction method,and evaluate its ef-fectiveness in enhancing computational accuracy.The feasibility of the proposed method is verified by nu-merical simulation and compared with the direct integration DI-method in a simplified scenario.It shows that the proposed method has good computational accuracy for the general case where the sampling interval of the input and observation plane is not equal under non-near-field diffraction,and when the diffraction distance is large,although the computational accuracy of the proposed method cannot exceed that of the DI-method,the computational amount can be significantly reduced with almost no effect on the computational accuracy.This method provides a general numerical calculation scheme of diffraction in the non-near field case for areas such as computational holography.
文摘Objectives: The purpose of this study is to test the psychometric properties and validity of the unconditional positive self-regard scale (UPSR) and its two subscales developed by Patterson & Joseph (2006). It also aims to examine and compare the concepts of UPSR with self-compassion and its relation to mental well-being. Design: Correlation survey design validations of the UPSR scale (Patterson & Joseph, 2006). Methods: The validation was conducted using an undergraduate and postgraduate student opportunity sample, n = 179. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach’s coefficient alpha and inter-item correlations. Convergent and divergent validity was explored in terms of correlations with self-compassion, depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7) scales. Results: There was good internal consistency for both the UPSR scale and the self-regard subscale and somewhat questionable internal consistency for the conditionality subscale. Overall the scale appears to be relatively consistent, supporting the previous findings reported by Patterson & Joseph (2006). The results supported the hypothesis that UPSR is positively correlated with a measure of self-compassion and negatively correlated with measures of depression (PHQ-9) and anxiety (GAD-7). Conclusions: The UPSR scale is a valid measure of the person-centred concept of unconditional positive self-regard. This supports the potential use of the UPSR scale for evaluating therapeutic change for client-centred practitioners through the use of this non-medicalized tool.
基金Research on Problems and Countermeasures in Building the Capacity of the Grassroots International Chambers of Commerce in the Context of High-Quality Development (W2024H03841)a key research project of the China Council for the Promotion of International Trade in 2025。
文摘Arbitration is a key non-litigation commercial mechanism for the resolution of disputes, and the quality and credibility of its awards depend largely on the competency of the arbitrators. However, the selection and evaluation systems for arbitrators in China have long faced challenges such as the vague criteria for competency and an unclear professionalization path for arbitrators. To address these issues, this study is grounded in the context of actual Chinese arbitration practice and based on the competency iceberg model. Through a methodological approach encompassing literature reviews, behavioral event interviews, expert revisions, and questionnaire surveys, a Chinese Arbitrator Competency Scale was developed and validated in this study. Examination of the findings indicated that the scale needed to consist of five dimensions—communication and coordination, cognitive skills, ethical conduct, work motivation, and personality traits—and possess a total of 28 specific indicators. Confirmatory analysis of the factors demonstrates a good fit for the five-dimensional model, with each of the dimensions exhibiting high reliability and validity. This scale is innovative in integrating the competency elements with Chinese characteristics, such as commercial acumen, crosscultural mediation skills, and adaptability to the local rule of law. This research not only enriches the competency theory in regard to the field of human resource management but also provides a scientific framework of standards and measurement tools for the selection, training, and evaluation of arbitrators. It thus has significant practical value for enhancing the professionalism and international competitiveness of China's arbitration system.
基金supported by Research Program Funding,from Research and Innovation Department,Khon Kaen University(RP68-6-FerVAAP-001),ThailandThe authors also thank Beer Thip Brewery Co.,Ltd.,Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya,Thailand for providing dried spent yeast(DSY).
文摘Among the low-cost nitrogen sources(dry spent yeast or DSY,rice bran,and soybean meal),DSY was identified as the most suitable supplement for lactic acid fermentation from sweet sorghum juice by Lactococcus lactis IO-1.However,lactic acid concentration(PL)using DSY was~22%lower than the control nitrogen source,yeast extract(YE).Statistical analysis using YE as a control nitrogen source revealed optimal conditions of 74.70 g/L of initial sugar and 15.20 g/L of YE,achieving a PL of 71.95 g/L and a 91.63%sugar consumption(SC).When DSY(22.61 g/L)containing an equivalent nitrogen content to the optimal YE was tested,PL and SC decreased to 55.13 g/L and 72.33%,respectively.Increasing DSY to 33.92 g/L(1.5 times)improved lactic acid productivity(QL)by~31%but did not enhance PL or SC.However,supplementing 33.92 g/L of DSY with 7.60 g/L of YE enhanced lactic acid production by~19-53%,achieving a PL of 70.11 g/L,SC of 92.33%,QL of 2.34 g/L⋅h,with a high lactic acid yield(YL/S),1.02 g/g.Scale-up fermentation in a 7.5-L fermenter demonstrated comparable results to those using 15.20 g/L of YE alone.These findings demonstrate that sweet sorghum juice supplemented with DSY and reduced YE is a promising medium for efficient lactic acid production,offering significant cost reduction potential for industrial applications while maintaining high productivity and yield.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.72373084]Taishan Scholar Foundation of Shandong Province[Grant No.tsqn202408139].
文摘Investigating urban spatial structures(USSs)and their influencing factors at different spatial scales is crucial for promoting sustainable urban transformation.Based on nighttime light datasets and the Herfindahl-Hirschman index(HHI),this study analyzes USS characteristics in China from 2007 to 2023 on two spatial scales-prefecture-level cities and urban agglomerations.It also explores structural influencing factors,including the economy,infrastructure,society,and government intervention.We find that:(1)HHI values for both cities and urban agglomerations exhibit a decreasing trend,indicating a USS for both that is evolving toward polycentricity;(2)economic development promotes a polycentric structure at both spatial scales,whereas government intervention drives a monocentric structure;and(3)postal and communication infrastructure have conflicting effects on USSs,encouraging a monocentric structure at the city scale but fostering polycentricity at the urban agglomeration scale.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFC3002803)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2024YFF0808402)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42375169)。
文摘Northeast China serves as an important crop production region.Accurately forecasting summer precipitation in Northeast China(NEC-PR)has been a challenge due to its wide range of time scales influenced by varying climatic conditions.This study presents a scale separation hybrid statistical model with recurrent neural network(SS-RNN)to predict the summer monthly NEC-PR.The SS-RNN model decomposes the multiple scales of the NEC-PR into several spatiotemporal intrinsic mode functions covering annual to decadal time scales.This strategy provides a way to derive appropriate predictors and establish predictive models for the primary spatial modes of the NEC-PR at various time scales.Our results demonstrate substantial improvements by the SS-RNN model in predicting the summer monthly NEC-PR as compared with dynamic models,particularly in predicting the spatial pattern of the NEC-PR.In this paper we take August,the month of the highest NEC-PR,to assess our model skill.Independent forecasts of the August NEC-PR over the period 2021–24 achieve significant spatial anomaly correlation coefficients,reaching a maximum value of 0.83.Additional verifications by station observations show that the model hits most station anomalies,achieving a mean predictive skill score of 90.
基金supported by Integrated Distribution Network Planning and Operational Enhancement Using Flexibility Domains Under Deep Human-Vehicle-Charger-Road-Grid Coupling(U22B20105).
文摘Thermal storage electric heating(TSEH),as a prevalent variable load resource,offers significant potential for enhancing system flexibility when aggregated into a cluster.To address the uncertainties of renewable energy and load forecasting in active distribution networks(ADN),this paper proposes a multi-timescale coordinated optimal dispatch strategy that incorporates TSEH clusters.It utilizes the thermal storage characteristics and short-term regulation capabilities of TSEH,along with the rapid and gradual response characteristics of resources in active distribution grids,to develop a coordinated optimization dispatch mechanism for day-ahead,intraday,and real-time stages.It provides a coordinated optimized dispatch technique across several timescales for active distribution grids,taking into account the integration of TSEH clusters.The proposed method is validated on a modified IEEE 33-node system.Simulation results demonstrate that the participation of TSEH in collaborative optimization significantly reduces the total system operating cost by 8.71%compared to the scenario without TSEH.This cost reduction is attributed to a 10.84%decrease in interaction costs with the main grid and a 47.41%reduction in network loss costs,validating effective peak shaving and valley filling.The multi-timescale framework further enhances economic efficiency,with overall operating costs progressively decreasing by 3.91%(intraday)and 4.59%(real-time),and interaction costs further reduced by 5.34%and 9.25%,respectively.Moreover,the approach enhances system stability by effectively suppressing node voltage fluctuations and ensuring all voltages remain within safe operating limits during real-time operation.Therefore,the proposed approach achieves rational coordination of diverse resources,significantly improving the economic efficiency and stability of ADNs.
基金Under the auspices of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42371222,41971167)Fundamental Scientific Research Funds of Central China Normal University(No.CCNU24ZZ120)。
文摘Owing to intensified globalization and informatization,the structures of the urban scale hierarchy and urban networks between cities have become increasingly intertwined,resulting in different spatial effects.Therefore,this paper analyzes the spatial interaction between urban scale hierarchy and urban networks in China from 2019 to 2023,drawing on Baidu migration data and employing a spatial simultaneous equation model.The results reveal a significant positive spatial correlation between cities with higher hierarchy and those with greater network centrality.Within a static framework,we identify a positive interaction between urban scale hierarchy and urban network centrality,while their spatial cross-effects manifest as negative neighborhood interactions based on geographical distance and positive cross-scale interactions shaped by network connections.Within a dynamic framework,changes in urban scale hierarchy and urban networks are mutually reinforcing,thereby widening disparities within the urban hierarchy.Furthermore,an increase in a city’s network centrality had a dampening effect on the population growth of neighboring cities and network-connected cities.This study enhances understanding of the spatial organisation of urban systems and offers insights for coordinated regional development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U23A20358,62474170,61925110,62404214,and 62234007)the University of Science and Technology of China(USTC)Research Funds of the Double First-Class Initiative(Grant No.WK2100000055)+2 种基金the Project of the 46t hResearch Institute of CETC(Grant No.WDZC202446007)the JieBang Headed Project of Changsha City Hunan Province(Grant No.kq2301006)the Opening Project and the Key Laboratory of Nano devices and Applications in Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and NanoBionics of CAS。
文摘The(010)orientation ofβ-Ga_(2)O_(3)is a highly promising platform for next-generation lateral power electronics due to its superior theoretical transport properties.However,progress has been impeded by the unavailability of large-area substrates,limiting studies to small-scale samples.Leveraging the recent emergence of 2-inch wafers,we report the first demonstration of homoepitaxial growth on a 2-inch,Fe-doped semi-insulating(010)β-Ga_(2)O_(3)substrate by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition(MOCVD).A systematic,wafer-scale characterization reveals the successful growth of a highquality epitaxial film.High-resolution x-ray diffraction shows an excellent crystalline structure,with a rocking curve full-width ranging from 21.0 arcsec to 103.0 arcsec.Atomic force microscopy confirms an atomically smooth surface with a root-mean-square roughness below 1.53 nm,displaying a distinct step-flow growth mode across the wafer.Furthermore,mercury-probe capacitance-voltage mapping indicates a well-controlled carrier concentration of~2×10~(18)cm~(-3)with a RSD of 5.12%.This work provides the first comprehensive assessment of 2-inch(010)Ga_(2)O_(3)epitaxial wafers,validating a critical material platform for the development and future manufacturing of high-performance power devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos.12090064,12205063,12375088,and W2441004)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universitiesin part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2020YFC2201501)。
文摘Among the charged leptons,theτelectric dipole moment dτis the least constrained.We show that the Im[d_(τ)]imposes strong constraints on new physics that have yet to be discussed.Motivated in particular by the Super Tau-Charm Facility(STCF),which will provide a uniquely clean environment for precisionτ-physics,we study the momentum-transfer dependence of d_(τ)(q^(2))and compare the projected sensitivities of STCF and BelleⅡ.Our analysis shows that an axion-like coupling of the τ lepton can induce sizable real and imaginary components of the EDM.The predicted EDM values may approach the present experimental sensitivities,making them accessible to future measurements at Belle II and the STCF.
文摘Objectives Worldwide,the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly impacted mental health challenges for adolescent populations.The current study aims to examine the levels of perceived stress of COVID-19 and self-compassion and their relationship among adolescents in Saudi Arabia.Methods This study employed a cross-sectional online survey of adolescents from secondary schools in Asir,Saudi Arabia.Instruments that we distributed online included the modified Perceived Stress Scale(PSS-10)and the Self-Compassion Scale(SCS),in addition to demographic and health-related questions.A total of 500 adolescents completed the survey.Results Adolescents in the study reported an average moderate perceived stress level of 18.6(SD=6.67)and an average moderate self-compassion level of 3.22(SD=0.53).A significant correlation is also found between the two variables(r=−0.460,P<0.001).This negative correlation indicates that lower levels of perceived stress are significantly correlated with higher levels of self-compassion.Conclusion The study results show that the perceived stress of COVID-19 is inversely correlated with self-compassion in Saudi adolescents.Further research is needed to explore how to enhance adolescents’self-compassion.School nurses’role should be given full play in this area.
文摘BACKGROUND Studies have indicated that childhood exposure to domestic violence is a common factor in posttraumatic growth(PTG)and posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD),but it is unclear whether PTG and PTSD share a common/different underlying mechanism.AIM To explore the common/different underlying mechanism of PTG and PTSD.METHODS Between February 12 and 17,2020,a nationwide cross-sectional online survey was conducted in China among 2038 university students,and a self-administered questionnaire was used for the data collection.The data included demographic characteristics,such as age,gender,and subjective social economic status,and childhood exposure to domestic violence scale that was selected from the Chinese version of revised Adverse Childhood Experiences Question,Self-compassion Scale,Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale,Posttraumatic Growth Inventory,and the Abbreviated PTSD Checklist-Civilian version.A structural equation model was used to test the hypotheses.RESULTS Exposure to domestic violence was significantly associated with PTG and PTSD via a 1-step indirect path of self-compassion(PTG:β=-0.023,95%CI:-0.44 to-0.007;PTSD:β=0.008,95%CI:0.002,0.014)and via a 2-step indirect path from self-compassion to resilience(PTG:β=-0.008,95%CI:-0.018 to-0.002;PTSD:β=0.013,95%CI:0.004-0.024).However,resilience did not mediate the relationship between exposure to domestic violence and PTG and PTSD.CONCLUSION PTG and PTSD are common results of childhood exposure to domestic violence,which may be influenced by self-compassion and resilience.
文摘Objective: To determine how self-compassion and empathy might influence the degree of burnout, secondary traumatic stress and compassion satisfaction among medical students and residents. Methods: Cross-sectional survey of medical students and select residency programs at Henry Ford Hospital in Detroit, Michigan. Respondents completed the Professional Quality of Life Scale (burnout, secondary traumatic stress and compassion satisfaction), Neff’s Self-Compassion Scale, and the empathic concern and personal distress subscales of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. Results: The response rate was 28.6%. 23.9% and 27.3% of medical trainees reported high levels of burnout and secondary traumatic stress, respectively. Females reported greater empathy but lower self-compassion than males. Greater concern for others and oneself and lower personal distress predicted greater pleasure derived from professional work. Less concern for others and lower concern for oneself predicted greater burnout. Conclusions: Compassion for oneself and for others within their care appears to ameliorate burnout and can increase professional satisfaction. Initiatives to foster empathy and self-compassion may enhance individual well-being.
文摘Objective:Nurses,due to the nature of their job,are subjected to various forms of stress and physical and psychological injuries.Self-compassion and a sense of coherence have attracted much attention in research in recent years as having high potential for improving the health and performance of people in the workplace.The present study aimed to compare self-compassion and the sense of coherence in nurses working in psychiatric hospitals and other hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences.Methods:The present study was a descriptive-comparative study of applied type conducted on 100 nurses of Shahid Beheshti Psychiatric Hospital in Kerman by the census method and 100 nurses of other hospitals of Kerman University of Medical Sciences by the stratified random sampling method.The instruments included the self-compassion questionnaire and the sense of coherence questionnaire.Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences software.Results:The results of the present study showed that self-compassion and sense of coherence were higher in psychiatric nurses(39.35±7.7 and 53.02±8.01)than among other nurses(36.03±5.81 and 49.76±6.30).There was a direct and moderate relationship between a sense of coherence and self-compassion(P-value<0.005).The higher the score of compassion for oneself,the higher was the score of sense of coherence.Furthermore,the sense of coherence had a direct and weak relationship with all dimensions of self-compassion,except for the extreme imitation dimension,which showed a direct and moderate relationship to other dimensions(P-value<0.001).Conclusions:Self-compassion and a sense of coherence,as a form of self-communication,increase nurses’satisfaction and reduce nurses’job stress and,as a result,job performance is improved.
文摘The present study has been conducted in order to determine the self-compassion levels of the students studying in various departments of the faculties of sports sciences and performing sports, and thus to find out whether certain variables such as their branch, department and families have an effect on their self-compassion levels. The ＂Self-compassion Scale＂ was used as the data collection tool in the study. In the present study, when the self-compassion levels of the students of the faculties of sports sciences were evaluated by various variables, it was found that the self-compassion levels of the students of Mugla University were significantly higher than those of the students of Ankara University, that the self-compassion levels of the students studying in the department of teaching were higher than those of the students studying in the department of coaching, and that the self-compassion levels of the students performing the branch of football were significantly higher than those of the students performing the branch of volleyball. When the students were compared based on the cities they live, it was found that the students living in the province of Mugla had significantly higher levels of self-compassion comparing to the students living in the province Ankara. Consequently, it was determined that the self-compassion levels of the students studying in various departments of the faculties of sports sciences were moderate, and that the differences in the province, department and the sports branch had an effect on the levels of self-compassion.
基金the Jilin Science and Technology Department 20200201280JC,and Shanghai special fund for ideological and political work in Shanghai University of International Business and Economics.
文摘Contingent self-esteem captures the fragile nature of self-esteem and is often regarded as suboptimal to psychological functioning.Self-compassion is another important self-related concept assumed to promote mental health and well-being.However,research on the relation of self-compassion to contingent self-esteem is lacking.Two studies were conducted to explore the role of selfcompassion,either as a personal characteristic or an induced mindset,in influencing the effects of contingent self-esteem on well-being.Study 1 recruited 256 Chinese college students(30.4%male,mean age=21.72 years)who filled out measures of contingent self-esteem,self-compassion,and well-being.The results found that self-compassion moderated the effect of contingent self-esteem on well-being.In Study 2,a sample of 90 Chinese college students(34%male,mean age=18.39 years)were randomly assigned to either a control or self-compassion group.They completed baseline trait measures of contingent self-esteem,self-compassion,and self-esteem.Then,they were led to have a 12-min break(control group)or listen to a 12-min self-compassion audio(self-compassion group),followed by a social stress task and outcome measures.The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the brief self-compassion training and its moderating role in influencing the effects of contingent self-esteem on negative affects after the social stress task.This research provides implications that to equip with a self-compassionate mindset could lower the risk of the impairment of well-being associated with elements of contingent selfesteem,which involves a fragile sense of self-worth.It may also provide insights into the development of an“optimal selfesteem”and the improvement of well-being.
