Based on the newly-developed element energy projection （EEP） method for computation of super-convergent results in one-dimensional finite element method （FEM）, the task of self-adaptive FEM analysis was converted ...Based on the newly-developed element energy projection （EEP） method for computation of super-convergent results in one-dimensional finite element method （FEM）, the task of self-adaptive FEM analysis was converted into the task of adaptive piecewise polynomial interpolation. As a result, a satisfactory FEM mesh can be obtained, and further FEM analysis on this mesh would immediately produce an FEM solution which usually satisfies the user specified error tolerance. Even though the error tolerance was not completely satisfied, one or two steps of further local refinements would be sufficient. This strategy was found to be very simple, rapid, cheap and efficient. Taking the elliptical ordinary differential equation of second order as the model problem, the fundamental idea, implementation strategy and detailed algorithm are described. Representative numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed approach.展开更多
Based on the newly-developed element energy projection （EEP） method with optimal super-convergence order for computation of super-convergent results, an improved self-adaptive strategy for one-dimensional finite ele...Based on the newly-developed element energy projection （EEP） method with optimal super-convergence order for computation of super-convergent results, an improved self-adaptive strategy for one-dimensional finite element method （FEM） is proposed. In the strategy, a posteriori errors are estimated by comparing FEM solutions to EEP super-convergent solutions with optimal order of super-convergence, meshes are refined by using the error-averaging method. Quasi-FEM solutions are used to replace the true FEM solutions in the adaptive process. This strategy has been found to be simple, clear, efficient and reliable. For most problems, only one adaptive step is needed to produce the required FEM solutions which pointwise satisfy the user specified error tolerances in the max-norm. Taking the elliptical ordinary differential equation of the second order as the model problem, this paper describes the fundamental idea, implementation strategy and computational algorithm and representative numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed approach.展开更多
To deal with the problems of premature convergence and tending to jump into the local optimum in the traditional particle swarm optimization, a novel improved particle swarm optimization algorithm was proposed. The se...To deal with the problems of premature convergence and tending to jump into the local optimum in the traditional particle swarm optimization, a novel improved particle swarm optimization algorithm was proposed. The self-adaptive inertia weight factor was used to accelerate the converging speed, and chaotic sequences were used to tune the acceleration coefficients for the balance between exploration and exploitation. The performance of the proposed algorithm was tested on four classical multi-objective optimization functions by comparing with the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm and multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm. The results verified the effectiveness of the algorithm, which improved the premature convergence problem with faster convergence rate and strong ability to jump out of local optimum.展开更多
Octopuses,due to their flexible arms,marvelous adaptability,and powerful suckers,are able to effortlessly grasp and disengage various objects in the marine surrounding without causing devastation.However,manipulating ...Octopuses,due to their flexible arms,marvelous adaptability,and powerful suckers,are able to effortlessly grasp and disengage various objects in the marine surrounding without causing devastation.However,manipulating delicate objects such as soft and fragile foods underwater require gentle contact and stable adhesion,which poses a serious challenge to now available soft grippers.Inspired by the sucker infundibulum structure and flexible tentacles of octopus,herein we developed a hydraulically actuated hydrogel soft gripper with adaptive maneuverability by coupling multiple hydrogen bond-mediated supramolecular hydrogels and vat polymerization three-dimensional printing,in which hydrogel bionic sucker is composed of a tunable curvature membrane,a negative pressure cavity,and a pneumatic chamber.The design of the sucker structure with the alterable curvature membrane is conducive to realize the reliable and gentle switchable adhesion of the hydrogel soft gripper.As a proof-of-concept,the adaptive hydrogel soft gripper is capable of implement diversified underwater tasks,including gingerly grasping fragile foods like egg yolks and tofu,as well as underwater robots and vehicles that station-keeping and crawling based on switchable adhesion.This study therefore provides a transformative strategy for the design of novel soft grippers that will render promising utilities for underwater exploration soft robotics.展开更多
A variable parameter self-adaptive control strategy based on driving condition identification is proposed to take full advantage of the fuel saving potential of the plug-in hybrid electric bus(PHEB).Firstly,the princi...A variable parameter self-adaptive control strategy based on driving condition identification is proposed to take full advantage of the fuel saving potential of the plug-in hybrid electric bus(PHEB).Firstly,the principal component analysis(PCA)and the fuzzy c-means clustering(FCM)algorithm is used to construct the comprehensive driving cycle,congestion driving cycle,urban driving cycle and suburban driving cycle of Chinese urban buses.Secondly,an improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO)algorithm is proposed,and is used to optimize the control parameters of PHEB under different driving cycles,respectively.Then,the variable parameter self-adaptive control strategy based on driving condition identification is given.Finally,for an actual running vehicle,the driving condition is identified by relevance vector machine(RVM),and the corresponding control parameters are selected to control the vehicle.The simulation results show that the fuel consumption of using the variable parameter self-adaptive control strategy is reduced by 4.2% compared with that of the fixed parameter control strategy,and the feasibility of the variable parameter self-adaptive control strategy is verified.展开更多
Solid lubricating coatings play a crucial role in preventing friction and wear failure of the hot-end sliding components in aviation engines.In this study,VAlN/Ag multi-layer coatings with excellent interfacial matchi...Solid lubricating coatings play a crucial role in preventing friction and wear failure of the hot-end sliding components in aviation engines.In this study,VAlN/Ag multi-layer coatings with excellent interfacial matching were fabricated using a hybrid magnetron sputtering technique.The type and energy of discharge plasmas were analyzed to comprehend their effects on depositing coatings.The coatings exhibit self-adaptive lubrication properties during the designed consecutive friction with stepwise heating from 25℃to 650℃.The microstructure evolution during early friction facilitates sufficient tribo-chemical reaction at 650℃,leading to the formation of a distinctive"ball-on-rail"structure that significantly reduces friction coefficient.Based on the first-principles calculations,it was found that the bond energy of Ag-O is lower than that of V-O in both AgVO_(3)and Ag_(3)VO_(4),which promotes slipping along the(110)crystal plane and contributes to exceptional tribological properties.The fatigue wear failure mechanism of hard coatings under the thermal-force coupling effects has been elucidated,alongside an exploration of consecutive tribology mechanism at atomic scales over a wide temperature range.展开更多
Gecko-inspired van der Waals force-based adhesion technology demonstrates significant potential for robotic operations.While superior adhesion is achieved under parallel contact during testing,engineering operations o...Gecko-inspired van der Waals force-based adhesion technology demonstrates significant potential for robotic operations.While superior adhesion is achieved under parallel contact during testing,engineering operations often involve non-parallel contact,weakening adhesion,and compromising task stability and efficiency.Stable attachment under such non-parallel contacts remains challenging.Inspired by the soft muscle and rigid bone in the gecko’s sole,this study proposes a self-adaptive core-shell dry adhesive by embedding a thin,rigid piece into a soft,thick elastomer comprising a top adhesion tip with a mushroom-like geometry for interfacial adhesion based on the van der Waals force and a bottom core-shell configuration for interface stress regulation.Unlike traditional core-shell structures with a fixed“dead core,”the proposed“live core”rotates within the soft shell,mimicking skeletal joints.This enables stress equalization at the interface and facilitates adaptive contact to macroscopic interfacial angle errors.This innovative core-shell configuration demonstrates an adhesion strength 100 times higher than conventional homogeneous structures under non-parallel contact and offers anti-overturning ability by mitigating torsional effects.The proposed strategy can advance the development of gecko-inspired adhesion-based devices and systems.展开更多
Ischemic stroke is a major cause of neurological deficits and high disability rate.As the primary immune cells of the central nervous system,microglia play dual roles in neuroinflammation and tissue repair following a...Ischemic stroke is a major cause of neurological deficits and high disability rate.As the primary immune cells of the central nervous system,microglia play dual roles in neuroinflammation and tissue repair following a stroke.Their dynamic activation and polarization states are key factors that influence the disease process and treatment outcomes.This review article investigates the role of microglia in ischemic stroke and explores potential intervention strategies.Microglia exhibit a dynamic functional state,transitioning between pro-inflammatory(M1)and anti-inflammatory(M2)phenotypes.This duality is crucial in ischemic stroke,as it maintains a balance between neuroinflammation and tissue repair.Activated microglia contribute to neuroinflammation through cytokine release and disruption of the blood-brain barrier,while simultaneously promoting tissue repair through anti-inflammatory responses and regeneration.Key pathways influencing microglial activation include Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B,mitogen-activated protein kinases,Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription,and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathways.These pathways are targets for various experimental therapies aimed at promoting M2 polarization and mitigating damage.Potential therapeutic agents include natural compounds found in drugs such as minocycline,as well as traditional Chinese medicines.Drugs that target these regulatory mechanisms,such as small molecule inhibitors and components of traditional Chinese medicines,along with emerging technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics,offer new therapeutic strategies and clinical translational potential for ischemic stroke.展开更多
This article focuses on the challenges of rural economic development under the strategy of rural revitalization,and deeply analyzes the current situation of rural economic development.Research has found that although ...This article focuses on the challenges of rural economic development under the strategy of rural revitalization,and deeply analyzes the current situation of rural economic development.Research has found that although the rural revitalization strategy has achieved significant results in improving residents’quality of life,promoting agricultural modernization,it still faces challenges such as severe loss of human resources,insufficient agricultural technological innovation,and backward infrastructure construction.In response to these challenges,this paper proposes optimization strategies from three aspects:strengthening rural education and talent team construction,promoting agricultural technology innovation and achievement transformation,and increasing investment in rural infrastructure construction.展开更多
In the fed-batch cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae,excessive glucose addition leads to increased ethanol accumulation,which will reduce the efficiency of glucose utilization and inhibit product synthesis.Insuffi...In the fed-batch cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae,excessive glucose addition leads to increased ethanol accumulation,which will reduce the efficiency of glucose utilization and inhibit product synthesis.Insufficient glucose addition limits cell growth.To properly regulate glucose feed,a different evolution algorithm based on self-adaptive control strategy was proposed,consisting of three modules(PID,system identification and parameter optimization).Performance of the proposed and conventional PID controllers was validated and compared in simulated and experimental cultivations.In the simulation,cultivation with the self-adaptive control strategy had a more stable glucose feed rate and concentration,more stable ethanol concentration around the set-point(1.0 g·L^(-1)),and final biomass concentration of 34.5 g-DCW·L^(-1),29.2%higher than that with a conventional PID control strategy.In the experiment,the cultivation with the self-adaptive control strategy also had more stable glucose and ethanol concentrations,as well as a final biomass concentration that was 37.4%higher than that using the conventional strategy.展开更多
Dove’s 2017 advertising incident,which sparked widespread debate regarding perceived cultural insensitivity,highlighted a disconnect between the brand’s“Real Beauty”positioning and public reception.In response,thi...Dove’s 2017 advertising incident,which sparked widespread debate regarding perceived cultural insensitivity,highlighted a disconnect between the brand’s“Real Beauty”positioning and public reception.In response,this study proposes a strategic digital recovery framework,including revised campaign content,transparent communication through social media,and data-driven customer segmentation based on diverse skincare needs and cultural backgrounds.A PESTLE analysis underscores the importance of digital transformation and rising social consciousness in brand management.Findings suggest that inclusive messaging,precision targeting,and omnichannel digital engagement are key to restoring brand trust and reputation in the digital landscape.展开更多
Development of high performance,flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators(PENGs)is critical for advancing self-powered sensing and microelectronic applications.In this study,a hydrogen-bond substitute strategy was employe...Development of high performance,flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators(PENGs)is critical for advancing self-powered sensing and microelectronic applications.In this study,a hydrogen-bond substitute strategy was employed to fabricate a multi-layer PENG based on a cellulose/polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)blend film matrix,incorporating multi-phase BCZT(0.1BaZr_(0.2)Ti_(0.8)O_(3)-0.9Ba_(0.7)Ca_(0.3)TiO_(3))ceramic fillers.Structural characterization via SEM and TEM revealed that an intricate hydrogen-bond network facilitated the uniform dispersion of ceramic fillers within the composite film’s sub-layers.In order to study the effect of filler distribution on piezoelectric performance,the single-and double-layer composite films with varying BCZT configurations were produced and evaluated.The results demonstrated that double-layer PENGs exhibit significantly enhanced electrical output compared to their single-layer counterparts,with the D-L_(3)H_(7) configuration achieving an open circuit voltage(V_(OC))of 23.13 V and a short circuit current(I_(SC))of 8.32μA.This enhancement is attributed to increased inter-layer interfaces,which effectively suppressed charge injection and migration,leading to improved charge density.Additionally,the presence of sharp tipped hexagonal tetragonal phase nanoparticles induced an electric field enhancement effect,further optimizing performance.展开更多
Neural injuries can cause considerable functional impairments,and both central and peripheral nervous systems have limited regenerative capacity.The existing conventional pharmacological treatments in clinical practic...Neural injuries can cause considerable functional impairments,and both central and peripheral nervous systems have limited regenerative capacity.The existing conventional pharmacological treatments in clinical practice show poor targeting,rapid drug clearance from the circulatory system,and low therapeutic efficiency.Therefore,in this review,we have first described the mechanisms underlying nerve regeneration,characterized the biomaterials used for drug delivery to facilitate nerve regeneration,and highlighted the functionalization strategies used for such drug-delivery systems.These systems mainly use natural and synthetic polymers,inorganic materials,and hybrid systems with advanced drug-delivery abilities,including nanoparticles,hydrogels,and scaffoldbased systems.Then,we focused on comparing the types of drug-delivery systems for neural regeneration as well as the mechanisms and challenges associated with targeted delivery of drugs to facilitate neural regeneration.Finally,we have summarized the clinical application research and limitations of targeted delivery of these drugs.These biomaterials and drug-delivery systems can provide mechanical support,sustained release of bioactive molecules,and enhanced intercellular contact,ultimately reducing cell apoptosis and enhancing functional recovery.Nevertheless,immune reactions,degradation regulation,and clinical translations remain major unresolved challenges.Future studies should focus on optimizing biomaterial properties,refining delivery precision,and overcoming translational barriers to advance these technologies toward clinical applications.展开更多
Four distinct coordination polymers(CPs)were successfully synthesized by altering solvent types and adjusting ligand concentrations,and their crystal structures were investigated.[Co(L)(FDCA)(H_(2)O)_(2)]·0.5H_(2...Four distinct coordination polymers(CPs)were successfully synthesized by altering solvent types and adjusting ligand concentrations,and their crystal structures were investigated.[Co(L)(FDCA)(H_(2)O)_(2)]·0.5H_(2)O(1)was synthesized as a 2D structure using Coas the metal source,methanol‑water(4∶6,V/V)as the solvent,and specific concentrations of 2,5‑furandicarboxylic acid(H_(2)FDCA)and 1,3,5‑triimidazole benzene(L).Adjusting to pure water and lowering the concentration of L yielded the 1D chain structure of[Co(HL)2(H_(2)O)_(2)](FDCA)_(2)·6H_(2)O(2).Using Cu(Ⅱ)as the metal source,methanol/water(9∶1,V/V)as the solvent,and specific concentrations of L and H2FDCA,the 1D chain structure of[Cu(L)(FDCA)(H_(2)O)]·2H_(2)O(3)was synthesized.Upon increasing the concentrations of L and H2FDCA,and switching the solvent to pure water,the 1D chain structure of[Cu(HL)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)](FDCA)_(2)·6H_(2)O(4)was obtained.This shows that changing the solvent and ligand concentrations can affect the structural changes of CPs.In addition,the solid‑state photoluminescence of CPs 1‑4 at room temperature was studied,and their morphological changes were observed via scanning electron microscopy.Density functional theory calculations revealed that the negative charge concentrates on the O and N atoms of the ligand,facilitating ligand‑metal ion coordination.CCDC:2403934,1;2403935,2;2403936,3;2403938,4.展开更多
The cosmetics industry operates on a global scale,making the accurate translation of ingredient terminology crucial for international trade and consumer comprehension.Cosmetic ingredient terms are characterized by the...The cosmetics industry operates on a global scale,making the accurate translation of ingredient terminology crucial for international trade and consumer comprehension.Cosmetic ingredient terms are characterized by their interdisciplinary nature,regulatory constraints,and function-oriented definitions.Based on real-world translation examples,this paper analyzes the challenges in translating cosmetics ingredient terminology for international trade and proposes targeted translation strategies.The study aims to facilitate the global marketing of cosmetic products while ensuring consumers can accurately understand product ingredient information.展开更多
The present study investigated the effects of varying protein source combinations and feeding strategies on the growth,health and organoleptic quality of the large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea).Three iso-nitroge...The present study investigated the effects of varying protein source combinations and feeding strategies on the growth,health and organoleptic quality of the large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea).Three iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets were formulated.The control diet was made with 62%fish meal(FM).The other two experimental diets were formulated by replacing 45%FM with 22.5%mealworm(TM)and 22.5%cottonseed protein concentrate(CPC),or with 22.5%TM and 22.5%Clostridium autoethanogenum protein(CAP),respectively.The three kinds of diet were named as A1,A2 and A3,respectively.Five groups of large yellow croaker were fed with two different strategies:the first three groups were continuously fed with A1,A2 and A3 diets,respectively.The fourth group was alternately fed with A1 and A2 diet every 5 days.The fifth group was alternately fed with A1 and A3diet every 5 days.The five groups were named D1,D2,D3,D1-2 and D1-3,respectively.Results showed that D2 and D3 groups exhibited significantly lower weight gain rate(WGR)and higher feed conversion ratios(FCR)compared to the D1 group.The D1-2 and D1-3 groups exhibited improved WGR and significantly reduced FCR compared to the D2 and D3 groups.The A2 and A3 diets significantly suppressed digestive enzymes'activities compared to A1,whereas alternate-feeding groups significantly enhanced the enzyme activities.Compared to the D1 group,D2 and D3 groups significantly downregulated mRNA expression levels of intestinal antiinflammatory cytokines and upregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators.The anti-inflammatory abilities in the D1-2and D1-3 groups were significantly higher than those in the D2 and D3 groups.Additionally,diets containing TM+CAP and TM+CPC protein sources enhanced ventral redness and yellowness indices.Considering the growth,digestion,immunity and organoleptic quality of large yellow croaker,it is recommended to replace up to 45%of FM with TM+CPC and use an alternate-feeding strategy.展开更多
The structural principles of traditional Chinese mortise-and-tenon joints have inspired breakthroughs in supramolecular engineering.Nevertheless,substantial challenges remain in constructing nanoscale supramolecular a...The structural principles of traditional Chinese mortise-and-tenon joints have inspired breakthroughs in supramolecular engineering.Nevertheless,substantial challenges remain in constructing nanoscale supramolecular architectures with precisely controlled giant dimensions.Herein,we report a precision-guided synthetic strategy for constructing giant 2D and 3D supramolecular architectures with rhomboidal motifs,which was achieved through a dovetail joint strategy.Initial assembly of bis-mortise ligand L1 with dovetail tenon ligand L2 in the presence of Cd^(2+)ions yielded the fundamental bis-rhombic supramolecule R1.Subsequent structural elaboration of the dovetail tenon motif enabled the development of multitopic ligands L3 and L4,which facilitated the construction of expanded architectures of the giant bis-propeller supramolecule R2 and tris-propeller supramolecule R3.The synthesized supramolecules R1-R3 were fully characterized multidimensional NMR spectroscopy,electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(ESI-MS),traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry(TWIM-MS),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and atomic force microscopy(AFM).This work develops an innovative dovetail-joint assembly strategy for constructing rigid giant supramolecular architectures,establishing a new paradigm for precision engineering of complex 3D molecular systems.展开更多
Background:Self-esteem,life satisfaction,resilience,and coping strategies are closely linked to depression;however,their interrelationships and relative contributions to depressive outcomes remain insufficiently under...Background:Self-esteem,life satisfaction,resilience,and coping strategies are closely linked to depression;however,their interrelationships and relative contributions to depressive outcomes remain insufficiently understood.This study aimed to examine these associations in individuals with major depressive disorder(MDD)and healthy controls and to evaluate their predictive and mediating roles in depression.Methods:This analytical cross-sectional study included 311 participants(158 patients with MDD and 153 healthy controls)recruited from the Psychiatry Outpatient Clinics of Mugla Training and Research Hospital.Psychiatric diagnoses were confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5(SCID-5).Groups were balanced for age,sex,and education using propensity score matching(PSM).Participants completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale,Satisfaction with Life Scale,Brief Resilience Scale,Brief COPE Inventory,and Beck Depression Inventory.Results:Compared with healthy controls,individuals with MDD reported significantly lower life satisfaction and resilience and higher depressive symptom severity,whereas self-esteem did not differ significantly between groups.Emotion-focused coping decreased with increasing depression severity,while avoidant coping showed a modest but significant increase in severe depression.Logistic regression analyses identified life satisfaction(OR=0.95,p=0.004)and resilience(OR=0.92,p=0.002)as significant protective predictors of depression.Mediation analyses demonstrated that life satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between self-esteem and depression,whereas resilience exerted a predominantly direct effect.Conclusion:Life satisfaction and resilience emerge as key protective factors against depression.Self-esteem appears to influence depressive outcomes indirectly through life satisfaction rather than through a direct effect.These findings underscore the importance of interventions that enhance resilience and promote positive evaluations of life in individuals at risk for depression.展开更多
With the intensification of population aging in China,the problem of cognitive impairment in the elderly has become increasingly prominent,attracting widespread attention from all sectors of society.Geriatric cognitiv...With the intensification of population aging in China,the problem of cognitive impairment in the elderly has become increasingly prominent,attracting widespread attention from all sectors of society.Geriatric cognitive impairment is characterized by chronicity,which not only seriously threatens the health of the elderly and reduces their quality of life,but also imposes a heavy burden on families and society due to its long course.Attaching importance to and strengthening the chronic disease management of elderly cognitive impairment has profound significance for delaying disease progression,improving patients’quality of life,and reducing the burden of family care.Therefore,this paper first comprehensively understands elderly cognitive impairment by briefly elaborating on its definition and characteristics;on this basis,it focuses on exploring effective strategies for the chronic disease management of elderly cognitive impairment,hoping to provide new ideas and methods for the management of this condition and offer useful references for relevant clinical research and practice.展开更多
Single-atom nanozymes(SAzymes)exhibit exceptional catalytic efficiency due to their maximized atom utilization and precisely modulated metalcarrier interactions,which have attracted significant attention in the biomed...Single-atom nanozymes(SAzymes)exhibit exceptional catalytic efficiency due to their maximized atom utilization and precisely modulated metalcarrier interactions,which have attracted significant attention in the biomedical field.However,stability issues may impede the clinical translation of SAzymes.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of SAzymes in various biomedical fields,including disease diagnosis(e.g.,biosensors and diagnostic imaging),antitumor therapy(e.g.,photothermal therapy,photodynamic therapy,sonodynamic therapy,and immunotherapy),antimicrobial therapy,and anti-oxidative stress therapy.More importantly,the existing challenges of SAzymes are discussed,such as metal atom clustering and active site loss,ligand bond breakage at high temperature,insufficient environment tolerance,biosecurity risks,and limited catalytic long-term stability.Finally,several innovative strategies to address these stability concerns are proposed—synthesis process optimization(space-limited strategy,coordination site design,bimetallic synergistic strategy,defect engineering strategy,atom stripping-capture),surface modification,and dynamic responsive design—that collectively pave the way for robust,clinically viable SAzymes.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.50278046)
文摘Based on the newly-developed element energy projection （EEP） method for computation of super-convergent results in one-dimensional finite element method （FEM）, the task of self-adaptive FEM analysis was converted into the task of adaptive piecewise polynomial interpolation. As a result, a satisfactory FEM mesh can be obtained, and further FEM analysis on this mesh would immediately produce an FEM solution which usually satisfies the user specified error tolerance. Even though the error tolerance was not completely satisfied, one or two steps of further local refinements would be sufficient. This strategy was found to be very simple, rapid, cheap and efficient. Taking the elliptical ordinary differential equation of second order as the model problem, the fundamental idea, implementation strategy and detailed algorithm are described. Representative numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed approach.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50678093)Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University(No.IRT00736)
文摘Based on the newly-developed element energy projection （EEP） method with optimal super-convergence order for computation of super-convergent results, an improved self-adaptive strategy for one-dimensional finite element method （FEM） is proposed. In the strategy, a posteriori errors are estimated by comparing FEM solutions to EEP super-convergent solutions with optimal order of super-convergence, meshes are refined by using the error-averaging method. Quasi-FEM solutions are used to replace the true FEM solutions in the adaptive process. This strategy has been found to be simple, clear, efficient and reliable. For most problems, only one adaptive step is needed to produce the required FEM solutions which pointwise satisfy the user specified error tolerances in the max-norm. Taking the elliptical ordinary differential equation of the second order as the model problem, this paper describes the fundamental idea, implementation strategy and computational algorithm and representative numerical examples are given to show the effectiveness and reliability of the proposed approach.
文摘To deal with the problems of premature convergence and tending to jump into the local optimum in the traditional particle swarm optimization, a novel improved particle swarm optimization algorithm was proposed. The self-adaptive inertia weight factor was used to accelerate the converging speed, and chaotic sequences were used to tune the acceleration coefficients for the balance between exploration and exploitation. The performance of the proposed algorithm was tested on four classical multi-objective optimization functions by comparing with the non-dominated sorting genetic algorithm and multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm. The results verified the effectiveness of the algorithm, which improved the premature convergence problem with faster convergence rate and strong ability to jump out of local optimum.
基金the financial support from the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (XDB0470303)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFB4600101)+5 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (52175201)the Research Program of Science and Technology Department of Gansu Province (24JRRA059, 24JRRA044, and 24YFFA014)the Science Fund of Shandong Laboratory of Advanced Materials and Green Manufacturing at Yantai (AMGM2024F12)the Major Program (ZYFZFX-2) of the Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, CASthe Special Research Assistant Project of the Chinese Academy of Sciencesthe Oasis Scholar of Shihezi University
文摘Octopuses,due to their flexible arms,marvelous adaptability,and powerful suckers,are able to effortlessly grasp and disengage various objects in the marine surrounding without causing devastation.However,manipulating delicate objects such as soft and fragile foods underwater require gentle contact and stable adhesion,which poses a serious challenge to now available soft grippers.Inspired by the sucker infundibulum structure and flexible tentacles of octopus,herein we developed a hydraulically actuated hydrogel soft gripper with adaptive maneuverability by coupling multiple hydrogen bond-mediated supramolecular hydrogels and vat polymerization three-dimensional printing,in which hydrogel bionic sucker is composed of a tunable curvature membrane,a negative pressure cavity,and a pneumatic chamber.The design of the sucker structure with the alterable curvature membrane is conducive to realize the reliable and gentle switchable adhesion of the hydrogel soft gripper.As a proof-of-concept,the adaptive hydrogel soft gripper is capable of implement diversified underwater tasks,including gingerly grasping fragile foods like egg yolks and tofu,as well as underwater robots and vehicles that station-keeping and crawling based on switchable adhesion.This study therefore provides a transformative strategy for the design of novel soft grippers that will render promising utilities for underwater exploration soft robotics.
基金Supported by China Automobile Test Cycle Development Project(CATC2015)
文摘A variable parameter self-adaptive control strategy based on driving condition identification is proposed to take full advantage of the fuel saving potential of the plug-in hybrid electric bus(PHEB).Firstly,the principal component analysis(PCA)and the fuzzy c-means clustering(FCM)algorithm is used to construct the comprehensive driving cycle,congestion driving cycle,urban driving cycle and suburban driving cycle of Chinese urban buses.Secondly,an improved particle swarm optimization(IPSO)algorithm is proposed,and is used to optimize the control parameters of PHEB under different driving cycles,respectively.Then,the variable parameter self-adaptive control strategy based on driving condition identification is given.Finally,for an actual running vehicle,the driving condition is identified by relevance vector machine(RVM),and the corresponding control parameters are selected to control the vehicle.The simulation results show that the fuel consumption of using the variable parameter self-adaptive control strategy is reduced by 4.2% compared with that of the fixed parameter control strategy,and the feasibility of the variable parameter self-adaptive control strategy is verified.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52025014)Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ23E010002)+1 种基金Natural Science Foundation of Ningbo(No.2023QL049)Major Special Project of Ningbo(No.2023Z022).
文摘Solid lubricating coatings play a crucial role in preventing friction and wear failure of the hot-end sliding components in aviation engines.In this study,VAlN/Ag multi-layer coatings with excellent interfacial matching were fabricated using a hybrid magnetron sputtering technique.The type and energy of discharge plasmas were analyzed to comprehend their effects on depositing coatings.The coatings exhibit self-adaptive lubrication properties during the designed consecutive friction with stepwise heating from 25℃to 650℃.The microstructure evolution during early friction facilitates sufficient tribo-chemical reaction at 650℃,leading to the formation of a distinctive"ball-on-rail"structure that significantly reduces friction coefficient.Based on the first-principles calculations,it was found that the bond energy of Ag-O is lower than that of V-O in both AgVO_(3)and Ag_(3)VO_(4),which promotes slipping along the(110)crystal plane and contributes to exceptional tribological properties.The fatigue wear failure mechanism of hard coatings under the thermal-force coupling effects has been elucidated,alongside an exploration of consecutive tribology mechanism at atomic scales over a wide temperature range.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation(52025055,52175546,and 52405624)the Shaanxi University Youth Innovation Team.
文摘Gecko-inspired van der Waals force-based adhesion technology demonstrates significant potential for robotic operations.While superior adhesion is achieved under parallel contact during testing,engineering operations often involve non-parallel contact,weakening adhesion,and compromising task stability and efficiency.Stable attachment under such non-parallel contacts remains challenging.Inspired by the soft muscle and rigid bone in the gecko’s sole,this study proposes a self-adaptive core-shell dry adhesive by embedding a thin,rigid piece into a soft,thick elastomer comprising a top adhesion tip with a mushroom-like geometry for interfacial adhesion based on the van der Waals force and a bottom core-shell configuration for interface stress regulation.Unlike traditional core-shell structures with a fixed“dead core,”the proposed“live core”rotates within the soft shell,mimicking skeletal joints.This enables stress equalization at the interface and facilitates adaptive contact to macroscopic interfacial angle errors.This innovative core-shell configuration demonstrates an adhesion strength 100 times higher than conventional homogeneous structures under non-parallel contact and offers anti-overturning ability by mitigating torsional effects.The proposed strategy can advance the development of gecko-inspired adhesion-based devices and systems.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,82471345(to LC)the Key Research and Development Program for Social Development by the Jiangsu Provincial Department of Science and Technology.No.BE2022668(to LC).
文摘Ischemic stroke is a major cause of neurological deficits and high disability rate.As the primary immune cells of the central nervous system,microglia play dual roles in neuroinflammation and tissue repair following a stroke.Their dynamic activation and polarization states are key factors that influence the disease process and treatment outcomes.This review article investigates the role of microglia in ischemic stroke and explores potential intervention strategies.Microglia exhibit a dynamic functional state,transitioning between pro-inflammatory(M1)and anti-inflammatory(M2)phenotypes.This duality is crucial in ischemic stroke,as it maintains a balance between neuroinflammation and tissue repair.Activated microglia contribute to neuroinflammation through cytokine release and disruption of the blood-brain barrier,while simultaneously promoting tissue repair through anti-inflammatory responses and regeneration.Key pathways influencing microglial activation include Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor kappa B,mitogen-activated protein kinases,Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription,and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin pathways.These pathways are targets for various experimental therapies aimed at promoting M2 polarization and mitigating damage.Potential therapeutic agents include natural compounds found in drugs such as minocycline,as well as traditional Chinese medicines.Drugs that target these regulatory mechanisms,such as small molecule inhibitors and components of traditional Chinese medicines,along with emerging technologies such as single-cell RNA sequencing and spatial transcriptomics,offer new therapeutic strategies and clinical translational potential for ischemic stroke.
文摘This article focuses on the challenges of rural economic development under the strategy of rural revitalization,and deeply analyzes the current situation of rural economic development.Research has found that although the rural revitalization strategy has achieved significant results in improving residents’quality of life,promoting agricultural modernization,it still faces challenges such as severe loss of human resources,insufficient agricultural technological innovation,and backward infrastructure construction.In response to these challenges,this paper proposes optimization strategies from three aspects:strengthening rural education and talent team construction,promoting agricultural technology innovation and achievement transformation,and increasing investment in rural infrastructure construction.
文摘In the fed-batch cultivation of Saccharomyces cerevisiae,excessive glucose addition leads to increased ethanol accumulation,which will reduce the efficiency of glucose utilization and inhibit product synthesis.Insufficient glucose addition limits cell growth.To properly regulate glucose feed,a different evolution algorithm based on self-adaptive control strategy was proposed,consisting of three modules(PID,system identification and parameter optimization).Performance of the proposed and conventional PID controllers was validated and compared in simulated and experimental cultivations.In the simulation,cultivation with the self-adaptive control strategy had a more stable glucose feed rate and concentration,more stable ethanol concentration around the set-point(1.0 g·L^(-1)),and final biomass concentration of 34.5 g-DCW·L^(-1),29.2%higher than that with a conventional PID control strategy.In the experiment,the cultivation with the self-adaptive control strategy also had more stable glucose and ethanol concentrations,as well as a final biomass concentration that was 37.4%higher than that using the conventional strategy.
文摘Dove’s 2017 advertising incident,which sparked widespread debate regarding perceived cultural insensitivity,highlighted a disconnect between the brand’s“Real Beauty”positioning and public reception.In response,this study proposes a strategic digital recovery framework,including revised campaign content,transparent communication through social media,and data-driven customer segmentation based on diverse skincare needs and cultural backgrounds.A PESTLE analysis underscores the importance of digital transformation and rising social consciousness in brand management.Findings suggest that inclusive messaging,precision targeting,and omnichannel digital engagement are key to restoring brand trust and reputation in the digital landscape.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(52472132)Opening Project of Engineering Research Center of Eco-friendly Polymeric Materials,Ministry of Education(EFP-KF2403)Innovation Service Capability Support Plan of Xianyang(Science and Technology Innovation Talents)。
文摘Development of high performance,flexible piezoelectric nanogenerators(PENGs)is critical for advancing self-powered sensing and microelectronic applications.In this study,a hydrogen-bond substitute strategy was employed to fabricate a multi-layer PENG based on a cellulose/polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF)blend film matrix,incorporating multi-phase BCZT(0.1BaZr_(0.2)Ti_(0.8)O_(3)-0.9Ba_(0.7)Ca_(0.3)TiO_(3))ceramic fillers.Structural characterization via SEM and TEM revealed that an intricate hydrogen-bond network facilitated the uniform dispersion of ceramic fillers within the composite film’s sub-layers.In order to study the effect of filler distribution on piezoelectric performance,the single-and double-layer composite films with varying BCZT configurations were produced and evaluated.The results demonstrated that double-layer PENGs exhibit significantly enhanced electrical output compared to their single-layer counterparts,with the D-L_(3)H_(7) configuration achieving an open circuit voltage(V_(OC))of 23.13 V and a short circuit current(I_(SC))of 8.32μA.This enhancement is attributed to increased inter-layer interfaces,which effectively suppressed charge injection and migration,leading to improved charge density.Additionally,the presence of sharp tipped hexagonal tetragonal phase nanoparticles induced an electric field enhancement effect,further optimizing performance.
基金the support from Base for Interdisciplinary Innovative Talent Training,Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityYouth Science and Technology Innovation Studio of Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine。
文摘Neural injuries can cause considerable functional impairments,and both central and peripheral nervous systems have limited regenerative capacity.The existing conventional pharmacological treatments in clinical practice show poor targeting,rapid drug clearance from the circulatory system,and low therapeutic efficiency.Therefore,in this review,we have first described the mechanisms underlying nerve regeneration,characterized the biomaterials used for drug delivery to facilitate nerve regeneration,and highlighted the functionalization strategies used for such drug-delivery systems.These systems mainly use natural and synthetic polymers,inorganic materials,and hybrid systems with advanced drug-delivery abilities,including nanoparticles,hydrogels,and scaffoldbased systems.Then,we focused on comparing the types of drug-delivery systems for neural regeneration as well as the mechanisms and challenges associated with targeted delivery of drugs to facilitate neural regeneration.Finally,we have summarized the clinical application research and limitations of targeted delivery of these drugs.These biomaterials and drug-delivery systems can provide mechanical support,sustained release of bioactive molecules,and enhanced intercellular contact,ultimately reducing cell apoptosis and enhancing functional recovery.Nevertheless,immune reactions,degradation regulation,and clinical translations remain major unresolved challenges.Future studies should focus on optimizing biomaterial properties,refining delivery precision,and overcoming translational barriers to advance these technologies toward clinical applications.
文摘Four distinct coordination polymers(CPs)were successfully synthesized by altering solvent types and adjusting ligand concentrations,and their crystal structures were investigated.[Co(L)(FDCA)(H_(2)O)_(2)]·0.5H_(2)O(1)was synthesized as a 2D structure using Coas the metal source,methanol‑water(4∶6,V/V)as the solvent,and specific concentrations of 2,5‑furandicarboxylic acid(H_(2)FDCA)and 1,3,5‑triimidazole benzene(L).Adjusting to pure water and lowering the concentration of L yielded the 1D chain structure of[Co(HL)2(H_(2)O)_(2)](FDCA)_(2)·6H_(2)O(2).Using Cu(Ⅱ)as the metal source,methanol/water(9∶1,V/V)as the solvent,and specific concentrations of L and H2FDCA,the 1D chain structure of[Cu(L)(FDCA)(H_(2)O)]·2H_(2)O(3)was synthesized.Upon increasing the concentrations of L and H2FDCA,and switching the solvent to pure water,the 1D chain structure of[Cu(HL)_(2)(H_(2)O)_(2)](FDCA)_(2)·6H_(2)O(4)was obtained.This shows that changing the solvent and ligand concentrations can affect the structural changes of CPs.In addition,the solid‑state photoluminescence of CPs 1‑4 at room temperature was studied,and their morphological changes were observed via scanning electron microscopy.Density functional theory calculations revealed that the negative charge concentrates on the O and N atoms of the ligand,facilitating ligand‑metal ion coordination.CCDC:2403934,1;2403935,2;2403936,3;2403938,4.
基金funded by 2025 Graduate Teaching Construction Project of USST.
文摘The cosmetics industry operates on a global scale,making the accurate translation of ingredient terminology crucial for international trade and consumer comprehension.Cosmetic ingredient terms are characterized by their interdisciplinary nature,regulatory constraints,and function-oriented definitions.Based on real-world translation examples,this paper analyzes the challenges in translating cosmetics ingredient terminology for international trade and proposes targeted translation strategies.The study aims to facilitate the global marketing of cosmetic products while ensuring consumers can accurately understand product ingredient information.
基金financially supported by the Key Research and Development Program of Shandong,China(No.2021SFGC0701)。
文摘The present study investigated the effects of varying protein source combinations and feeding strategies on the growth,health and organoleptic quality of the large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea).Three iso-nitrogenous and iso-lipidic diets were formulated.The control diet was made with 62%fish meal(FM).The other two experimental diets were formulated by replacing 45%FM with 22.5%mealworm(TM)and 22.5%cottonseed protein concentrate(CPC),or with 22.5%TM and 22.5%Clostridium autoethanogenum protein(CAP),respectively.The three kinds of diet were named as A1,A2 and A3,respectively.Five groups of large yellow croaker were fed with two different strategies:the first three groups were continuously fed with A1,A2 and A3 diets,respectively.The fourth group was alternately fed with A1 and A2 diet every 5 days.The fifth group was alternately fed with A1 and A3diet every 5 days.The five groups were named D1,D2,D3,D1-2 and D1-3,respectively.Results showed that D2 and D3 groups exhibited significantly lower weight gain rate(WGR)and higher feed conversion ratios(FCR)compared to the D1 group.The D1-2 and D1-3 groups exhibited improved WGR and significantly reduced FCR compared to the D2 and D3 groups.The A2 and A3 diets significantly suppressed digestive enzymes'activities compared to A1,whereas alternate-feeding groups significantly enhanced the enzyme activities.Compared to the D1 group,D2 and D3 groups significantly downregulated mRNA expression levels of intestinal antiinflammatory cytokines and upregulated the expression of pro-inflammatory mediators.The anti-inflammatory abilities in the D1-2and D1-3 groups were significantly higher than those in the D2 and D3 groups.Additionally,diets containing TM+CAP and TM+CPC protein sources enhanced ventral redness and yellowness indices.Considering the growth,digestion,immunity and organoleptic quality of large yellow croaker,it is recommended to replace up to 45%of FM with TM+CPC and use an alternate-feeding strategy.
基金supported by the Hunan Science and Technology Innovation Plan(No.2024RC3015)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22501053)+1 种基金National Key Research and Development Program(Nos.2022YFC3900902 and 2024YFC3907900)Major Science and Technology Projects of Yunnan Province(No.202302AB080016).
文摘The structural principles of traditional Chinese mortise-and-tenon joints have inspired breakthroughs in supramolecular engineering.Nevertheless,substantial challenges remain in constructing nanoscale supramolecular architectures with precisely controlled giant dimensions.Herein,we report a precision-guided synthetic strategy for constructing giant 2D and 3D supramolecular architectures with rhomboidal motifs,which was achieved through a dovetail joint strategy.Initial assembly of bis-mortise ligand L1 with dovetail tenon ligand L2 in the presence of Cd^(2+)ions yielded the fundamental bis-rhombic supramolecule R1.Subsequent structural elaboration of the dovetail tenon motif enabled the development of multitopic ligands L3 and L4,which facilitated the construction of expanded architectures of the giant bis-propeller supramolecule R2 and tris-propeller supramolecule R3.The synthesized supramolecules R1-R3 were fully characterized multidimensional NMR spectroscopy,electrospray ionization mass spectrometry(ESI-MS),traveling wave ion mobility mass spectrometry(TWIM-MS),transmission electron microscopy(TEM),and atomic force microscopy(AFM).This work develops an innovative dovetail-joint assembly strategy for constructing rigid giant supramolecular architectures,establishing a new paradigm for precision engineering of complex 3D molecular systems.
文摘Background:Self-esteem,life satisfaction,resilience,and coping strategies are closely linked to depression;however,their interrelationships and relative contributions to depressive outcomes remain insufficiently understood.This study aimed to examine these associations in individuals with major depressive disorder(MDD)and healthy controls and to evaluate their predictive and mediating roles in depression.Methods:This analytical cross-sectional study included 311 participants(158 patients with MDD and 153 healthy controls)recruited from the Psychiatry Outpatient Clinics of Mugla Training and Research Hospital.Psychiatric diagnoses were confirmed using the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5(SCID-5).Groups were balanced for age,sex,and education using propensity score matching(PSM).Participants completed the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale,Satisfaction with Life Scale,Brief Resilience Scale,Brief COPE Inventory,and Beck Depression Inventory.Results:Compared with healthy controls,individuals with MDD reported significantly lower life satisfaction and resilience and higher depressive symptom severity,whereas self-esteem did not differ significantly between groups.Emotion-focused coping decreased with increasing depression severity,while avoidant coping showed a modest but significant increase in severe depression.Logistic regression analyses identified life satisfaction(OR=0.95,p=0.004)and resilience(OR=0.92,p=0.002)as significant protective predictors of depression.Mediation analyses demonstrated that life satisfaction partially mediated the relationship between self-esteem and depression,whereas resilience exerted a predominantly direct effect.Conclusion:Life satisfaction and resilience emerge as key protective factors against depression.Self-esteem appears to influence depressive outcomes indirectly through life satisfaction rather than through a direct effect.These findings underscore the importance of interventions that enhance resilience and promote positive evaluations of life in individuals at risk for depression.
文摘With the intensification of population aging in China,the problem of cognitive impairment in the elderly has become increasingly prominent,attracting widespread attention from all sectors of society.Geriatric cognitive impairment is characterized by chronicity,which not only seriously threatens the health of the elderly and reduces their quality of life,but also imposes a heavy burden on families and society due to its long course.Attaching importance to and strengthening the chronic disease management of elderly cognitive impairment has profound significance for delaying disease progression,improving patients’quality of life,and reducing the burden of family care.Therefore,this paper first comprehensively understands elderly cognitive impairment by briefly elaborating on its definition and characteristics;on this basis,it focuses on exploring effective strategies for the chronic disease management of elderly cognitive impairment,hoping to provide new ideas and methods for the management of this condition and offer useful references for relevant clinical research and practice.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[82003956]the National Key Research and Development Program of China[No.2022YFA1205802]+2 种基金financially supported by Henan Province Health Science and Technology Innovation Youth Talent Project(YQRC2023013 and YQRC2024013)the Key Project of Medical Science and Technology of Henan Province(SBGJ202302072)the Science and Technology Research Project of Henan Province(252102311236).
文摘Single-atom nanozymes(SAzymes)exhibit exceptional catalytic efficiency due to their maximized atom utilization and precisely modulated metalcarrier interactions,which have attracted significant attention in the biomedical field.However,stability issues may impede the clinical translation of SAzymes.This review provides a comprehensive overview of the applications of SAzymes in various biomedical fields,including disease diagnosis(e.g.,biosensors and diagnostic imaging),antitumor therapy(e.g.,photothermal therapy,photodynamic therapy,sonodynamic therapy,and immunotherapy),antimicrobial therapy,and anti-oxidative stress therapy.More importantly,the existing challenges of SAzymes are discussed,such as metal atom clustering and active site loss,ligand bond breakage at high temperature,insufficient environment tolerance,biosecurity risks,and limited catalytic long-term stability.Finally,several innovative strategies to address these stability concerns are proposed—synthesis process optimization(space-limited strategy,coordination site design,bimetallic synergistic strategy,defect engineering strategy,atom stripping-capture),surface modification,and dynamic responsive design—that collectively pave the way for robust,clinically viable SAzymes.
