The roots of 200 one-year-old Changbai Larch (Larix olgensis) seedlings were soaked for 6 hours at the TMS concentrations of 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 125, and 62 μL·L?1. Mean seedling height, root collar diameter, ...The roots of 200 one-year-old Changbai Larch (Larix olgensis) seedlings were soaked for 6 hours at the TMS concentrations of 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 125, and 62 μL·L?1. Mean seedling height, root collar diameter, main root length and number of lateral roots were measured every 15 days during growing season from May 30 to Oct. 20. Experimental results showed that TMS treatments greatly promoted seedling growth and improved seedling quality. The treatment by 500 μL·L?1 TMS produced the best result, for which the mean height, root collar diameter, main root length, and the number of lateral roots of seedlings were increased by 42.5%, 30.7%, 14.0%, and 31.6%, respectively, compared to that of the control seedlings. As to seedling quality, grade-I seedling and grade-II seedlings were fifty-fifty, and no grade-III seedlings was found. The treatment by 500 μL·L?1 TMS resulted in the highest chlorophyll concentration. Keywords Changbai Larch - Larix olgensis - Seedling production - Nanostructured silicon dioxide CLC number S143.8 Document code B Foundation item: This study is supported by Jilin Forestry Group Co.Biography: LIN Baoshan (1955-), male, Associate professor at the college of forestry, Beihua University, Jilin City 132011, Jilin Province, P.R China.Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai.展开更多
Bananas and plantains production is an important income source for millions of small farmers. The increased demand for bananas and plantains on national and international market would justify its value chain developme...Bananas and plantains production is an important income source for millions of small farmers. The increased demand for bananas and plantains on national and international market would justify its value chain development. However, its value chain faces several constraints, of which production and marketing turn out to be the most important. This study aimed at determining and analyzing the constraints related to Bananas and Plantains value chain and showing the gaps between agroecological and agricultural practices used by farmers in southern Benin. Characterization was carried out on the seed production systems, agricultural practices, bananas and plantains production, fruit availability and commercialization constraints with farmers using individual and focus groups surveys. Bananas and plantains seedlings production and acquisition varied according to production areas. Their seedlings self-production was widespread in production areas and 26 cultivars have been identified as major. The availability of these cultivars varied across time and production areas. There were significant negative effects of agricultural practices on major banana pest’s presence. Bananas and plantains production was limited by 12 factors, from which banana plants fall related to the wind, lack of financial support to irrigate banana fields, climate changes, no availability of cultivable lands and low rainfall are revealed to be the most important. Regarding commercialization constraints, low sale prices and difficult access to markets were the most important. Better knowledge of bananas and plantains production systems would help to develop sustainable organic farming strategies to reduce the constraints identified.展开更多
As part of the global effort to mitigate climate change effects, New Zealand’s Climate Change Commission has recommended the establishment of 300,000 ha of native trees across the country by 2035. To achieve this goa...As part of the global effort to mitigate climate change effects, New Zealand’s Climate Change Commission has recommended the establishment of 300,000 ha of native trees across the country by 2035. To achieve this goal, significant improvement in seedling production and field establishment is needed. Across New Zealand, there is a trade-off between seedling size and early seedling establishment success;plants grown in large pots are more resistant to weeds, pests and frost;however, they are more expensive and take longer to grow. We tested this trade-off between cost and establishment success by raising seedlings of twelve key native species in three container grade sizes: small, large, and revegetation grade, and tracking their success across five sites around Rotorua, in the Central North Island of New Zealand. After two-year post-planting, we found that high-quality sites and larger container systems tended to promote higher survival and faster early growth (plant height and root collar diameter). Some species, such as Kunzea ericoides and Leptospermum scoparium, survived and grew well (> 75%) even when raised in small container sizes. Other species such as Sophora microphylla had very low survival (< 25%) even when raised in revegetation container grade sizes. If the quality of the planting site is high, the container size seems to be less important for most species. Other species such as Aristotelia serrata, Cordyline australis, Plagianthus regius and Podocarpus totara appear to depend more on site quality. In conclusion, nursery container systems for raising New Zealand native plants should be chosen based on the biology of the species, nursery management practices, quality of the planting site, and a balance between cost and benefit for each situation.展开更多
基金This study is supported by Jilin Forestry Group Co.
文摘The roots of 200 one-year-old Changbai Larch (Larix olgensis) seedlings were soaked for 6 hours at the TMS concentrations of 2000, 1000, 500, 250, 125, and 62 μL·L?1. Mean seedling height, root collar diameter, main root length and number of lateral roots were measured every 15 days during growing season from May 30 to Oct. 20. Experimental results showed that TMS treatments greatly promoted seedling growth and improved seedling quality. The treatment by 500 μL·L?1 TMS produced the best result, for which the mean height, root collar diameter, main root length, and the number of lateral roots of seedlings were increased by 42.5%, 30.7%, 14.0%, and 31.6%, respectively, compared to that of the control seedlings. As to seedling quality, grade-I seedling and grade-II seedlings were fifty-fifty, and no grade-III seedlings was found. The treatment by 500 μL·L?1 TMS resulted in the highest chlorophyll concentration. Keywords Changbai Larch - Larix olgensis - Seedling production - Nanostructured silicon dioxide CLC number S143.8 Document code B Foundation item: This study is supported by Jilin Forestry Group Co.Biography: LIN Baoshan (1955-), male, Associate professor at the college of forestry, Beihua University, Jilin City 132011, Jilin Province, P.R China.Responsible editor: Chai Ruihai.
文摘Bananas and plantains production is an important income source for millions of small farmers. The increased demand for bananas and plantains on national and international market would justify its value chain development. However, its value chain faces several constraints, of which production and marketing turn out to be the most important. This study aimed at determining and analyzing the constraints related to Bananas and Plantains value chain and showing the gaps between agroecological and agricultural practices used by farmers in southern Benin. Characterization was carried out on the seed production systems, agricultural practices, bananas and plantains production, fruit availability and commercialization constraints with farmers using individual and focus groups surveys. Bananas and plantains seedlings production and acquisition varied according to production areas. Their seedlings self-production was widespread in production areas and 26 cultivars have been identified as major. The availability of these cultivars varied across time and production areas. There were significant negative effects of agricultural practices on major banana pest’s presence. Bananas and plantains production was limited by 12 factors, from which banana plants fall related to the wind, lack of financial support to irrigate banana fields, climate changes, no availability of cultivable lands and low rainfall are revealed to be the most important. Regarding commercialization constraints, low sale prices and difficult access to markets were the most important. Better knowledge of bananas and plantains production systems would help to develop sustainable organic farming strategies to reduce the constraints identified.
基金supported by Te Uru Rākau,Ministry of Primary Industry-1 Billion trees project(QT-8094 TUR_2020_026 MPI)Scion SSIF funding(0810–P15502).
文摘As part of the global effort to mitigate climate change effects, New Zealand’s Climate Change Commission has recommended the establishment of 300,000 ha of native trees across the country by 2035. To achieve this goal, significant improvement in seedling production and field establishment is needed. Across New Zealand, there is a trade-off between seedling size and early seedling establishment success;plants grown in large pots are more resistant to weeds, pests and frost;however, they are more expensive and take longer to grow. We tested this trade-off between cost and establishment success by raising seedlings of twelve key native species in three container grade sizes: small, large, and revegetation grade, and tracking their success across five sites around Rotorua, in the Central North Island of New Zealand. After two-year post-planting, we found that high-quality sites and larger container systems tended to promote higher survival and faster early growth (plant height and root collar diameter). Some species, such as Kunzea ericoides and Leptospermum scoparium, survived and grew well (> 75%) even when raised in small container sizes. Other species such as Sophora microphylla had very low survival (< 25%) even when raised in revegetation container grade sizes. If the quality of the planting site is high, the container size seems to be less important for most species. Other species such as Aristotelia serrata, Cordyline australis, Plagianthus regius and Podocarpus totara appear to depend more on site quality. In conclusion, nursery container systems for raising New Zealand native plants should be chosen based on the biology of the species, nursery management practices, quality of the planting site, and a balance between cost and benefit for each situation.
