The embryo rescue technique plays an essential role in developing new seedless grape varieties.To enhance the efficiency of seedless grape embryo rescue breeding,this study evaluated 22 hybrid combinations and systema...The embryo rescue technique plays an essential role in developing new seedless grape varieties.To enhance the efficiency of seedless grape embryo rescue breeding,this study evaluated 22 hybrid combinations and systematically investigated the effects of parental genotypes and plant hormones on embryo development and germination.Additionally,an in-depth analysis was conducted on the conversion of abnormal plantlets.Results indicate that‘Ruby Seedless’,‘Delight’,‘Huozhouheiyu’,‘Zitian Seedless’,and‘Zhengyan Seedless’are suitable as maternal parents,whereas‘Zitian Seedless’,‘Shennongxiangfeng’,‘Hongqitezao’,and‘Guibao’perform optimally as paternal parents.Among these,the crosses‘Ruby Seedless×Shennongxiangfeng’and‘Ruby Seedless×Zitian Seedless’exhibited the highest embryo rescue efficiency,with embryo development rates of 55.05 and 59.76%,yielding 1,348 and 2,235 viable plantlets,respectively.When 1.0 mg L^(–1) zeatin (ZT) was added to the MM3 medium supplemented with 0.2 mg L^(–1) indole-3-acetic acid (IAA),the embryo development rate of‘Ruby Seedless×Zitian Seedless’increased by 64.73%.In the WPM germination medium,supplementation with 0.2 mg L^(–1) ZT and 0.2 mg L^(–1) IAA resulted in the highest germination rate of 85.71%for the hybrid combination‘Huozhouheiyu×Shine Muscat’.Furthermore,3,365 abnormal plantlets were rescued via direct transformation and hypocotyl-induced adventitious bud regeneration,among which 1,234 were transformed into normal plantlets.Following hybridization,a total of 4,287 plants were successfully acclimatized and transplanted.This study provides theoretical insights to improve the efficiency of embryo rescue breeding in seedless grapes and offers valuable genetic resources for future breeding programs.展开更多
The fruit production for export is an economically significant activity in the Valley of S?o Francisco River, especially in the irrigated lands of Petrolina-PE/Juazeiro-BA, Brazil. The development of new genetic mater...The fruit production for export is an economically significant activity in the Valley of S?o Francisco River, especially in the irrigated lands of Petrolina-PE/Juazeiro-BA, Brazil. The development of new genetic material most suitable to the tropical climate and the demands of the consumer market have led to the selection of new seedless grapes cultivars. In this case, the use of the embryo rescue technique has produced satisfactory results for obtaining such materials, especially in the semiarid region. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro development of intraspecific hybrids of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), derived from the rescue of immature embryos resultant from the crossing of “Superior Seedless” and “Thompson Seedless” Brazilian clones. To establish and develop the cultivation, the culture media was supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose, 0.1 g/L myo-inositol, 0.002 g/L glycine, 0.1 mg/L indoleacetic acid (IAA), 6.5 g/L of agar, adjusted pH to 5.7. The experiment was evaluated after 90 days. The variables measured were: number of nodes, number of leaves, plant height (cm), number of roots and length (cm) of the root system and internodes. The period of 60 days of in vitro culture of ovules resulted in the highest values of embryos (about 50%), as well as better characterized developmental stages with higher germination (47.3%). The three types of hybrid grapes evaluated in micropropagation showed very similar values of the measured parameters, even having originated from embryos of different developmental stages.展开更多
Molecular marker-assisted selection(MAS) can significantly accelerate and improve the efficiency of the breeding process in seedless grape cultivars. In this study, we developed the KASP_VviAGL11 and VviAGL11_410 mark...Molecular marker-assisted selection(MAS) can significantly accelerate and improve the efficiency of the breeding process in seedless grape cultivars. In this study, we developed the KASP_VviAGL11 and VviAGL11_410 markers based on a single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) site(Chr18: 26889437(A/C)) of the VviAGL11 gene, and compared them with previously reported SSR markers p3_VvAGL11 and 5U_VviAGL11 by testing 101 cultivars and 81 F1 hybrid progenies. The results showed that both of the proposed markers obtained 100% accuracy rates in detecting allele A, which was closely associated with the seedless trait in grapes, while p3_VvAGL11 and 5U_VviAGL11 had lower accuracy rates due to their tendency to produce false positives. After careful evaluation of the technical advantages and disadvantages associated with these markers, we concluded that KASP_VviAGL11 was superior in terms of simplicity,cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and accuracy. Thus, we optimized the process of molecular MAS for seedless grapes,focusing on the KASP_VviAGL11 marker as a central component, to provide key technical support for the development of new seedless grape cultivars.展开更多
Xinjiang is the main producing area of raisins and the largest green raisins production base in China.The browning of Thompson seedless grape raisin is extremely serious during the drying process,and has become the ke...Xinjiang is the main producing area of raisins and the largest green raisins production base in China.The browning of Thompson seedless grape raisin is extremely serious during the drying process,and has become the key issue in the development of Xinjiang raisin industry.Previous studies have shown that dehydration speed has a great impact on the browning of Thompson seedless grape,but few relevant mechanisms have been studied.Here,we demonstrate the effect of dehydration speed on lipid metabolism and its relation to the browning of the Thompson seedless grape during drying.Compared to slow dehydration treatment,rapid dehydration treatment of the Thompson seedless grape exhibited a lower degree of browning and activities of lipoxygenase(LOX),a higher index of unsaturated fatty acids and degree of unsaturated fatty acid.Moreover,the Thompson seedless grape treated with rapid dehydration resulted in a lower rate of superoxide anion production,hydrogen peroxide content,membrane permeability,and malondialdehyde content.These findings demonstrate that rapid dehydration inhibiting the browning of Thompson seedless grapes might be due to the inhibiting activities of LOX and the lower accumulation of reactive oxygen species.These activities can inhibit lipid peroxidation and slow the decomposition of unsaturated fatty acid in the membrane in Thompson seedless grapes,protecting the cellular membrane structural integrity,which may result in less contact of polyphenol oxidase with phenolic substrates and less enzymatic browning during drying.The results provide a theoretical basis for the application of rapid dehydration in drying Thompson seedless grapes.展开更多
The production of some seedless table grapes under tropical conditions presents low bud fertility on the main canes and low yield, which leads to the need of pruning in the lateral shoots. The objective of this study ...The production of some seedless table grapes under tropical conditions presents low bud fertility on the main canes and low yield, which leads to the need of pruning in the lateral shoots. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the canopy management for the formation of lateral shoots associated with dellsity of canes on the yield and quality of grapes ＂Sugraone＂ in the Sao Francisco Valley. The experiment was carried out over two growing seasons （2011-2012） in a commercial vineyard of Sugraone in Petrolina, Pernambuco state, Brazil. The treatments consisted of two canopy managements （shoot topping associated to elimination of lateral shoots and shoot topping and formation of lateral shoots） combined with two to three densities of canes after pruning （1.8, 2.8 and 3.8 canes/m^2）. The formation of ＂lateral shoots＂ increased yield and number of clusters per plant during two consecutive growing seasons, besides using 2.8 varas/m^2 resulted in highest yields only in 2011 growing season. The variables mass bunch, mass berry, soluble solids （SS）, soluble sugar, titxatable acidity （TA） and pulp firmness were not affected by treatments, while the attributes related to color, as like brightness and hue angle of the skin, and total extractable polyphenols content were influenced by canopy management, especially in the 2012 growing season. Shoot topping to induce formation of laterals shoots associated with density of 2.8 canes/m2 increased the yield of seedless grapes cultivar Sugraone grown in the Sao Francisco Valley, not significantly affecting the quality of the grape.展开更多
为优化无核白葡萄赤霉素(gibberellin acid,GA_(3))处理方案,提升葡萄及葡萄干品质,以无核白葡萄为试材,设置5种GA_(3)处理(花期不处理+花后10 d 150 mg/L GA_(3)、花序盛开75%75 mg/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 mg/L GA_(3)、花序盛开100%75...为优化无核白葡萄赤霉素(gibberellin acid,GA_(3))处理方案,提升葡萄及葡萄干品质,以无核白葡萄为试材,设置5种GA_(3)处理(花期不处理+花后10 d 150 mg/L GA_(3)、花序盛开75%75 mg/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 mg/L GA_(3)、花序盛开100%75 mg/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 g/L GA_(3)、花后2 d 75 g/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 g/L GA_(3)、花后4 d 75 g/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 g/L GA_(3)),以花期、花后10 d均不进行GA_(3)处理为对照组,测定葡萄、葡萄干品质及产量指标。结果表明,GA_(3)处理可有效增大无核白葡萄果穗、果粒质量及果形指数,提高鲜果硬度和维生素C含量,促进葡萄色泽变绿。经GA_(3)处理的无核白葡萄所制葡萄干色泽L∗值、a∗值降低,葡萄干亮度降低、色泽变绿;花后2 d 75 g/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 mg/L GA_(3)处理的葡萄及葡萄干产量最高,分别达74.10 t/hm^(2)和17.33 t/hm^(2),葡萄干单粒质量、果形指数最大,分别为1.20 g和2.96,具有较高的酚类物质和抗氧化活性。主成分分析结果直观地反映出各处理葡萄、葡萄干品质分布状况,建立综合评价模型得出花后2 d 75 mg/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 mg/LGA_(3)处理综合得分最高,应用效果最好。展开更多
基金supported by the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-29-yc-3)。
文摘The embryo rescue technique plays an essential role in developing new seedless grape varieties.To enhance the efficiency of seedless grape embryo rescue breeding,this study evaluated 22 hybrid combinations and systematically investigated the effects of parental genotypes and plant hormones on embryo development and germination.Additionally,an in-depth analysis was conducted on the conversion of abnormal plantlets.Results indicate that‘Ruby Seedless’,‘Delight’,‘Huozhouheiyu’,‘Zitian Seedless’,and‘Zhengyan Seedless’are suitable as maternal parents,whereas‘Zitian Seedless’,‘Shennongxiangfeng’,‘Hongqitezao’,and‘Guibao’perform optimally as paternal parents.Among these,the crosses‘Ruby Seedless×Shennongxiangfeng’and‘Ruby Seedless×Zitian Seedless’exhibited the highest embryo rescue efficiency,with embryo development rates of 55.05 and 59.76%,yielding 1,348 and 2,235 viable plantlets,respectively.When 1.0 mg L^(–1) zeatin (ZT) was added to the MM3 medium supplemented with 0.2 mg L^(–1) indole-3-acetic acid (IAA),the embryo development rate of‘Ruby Seedless×Zitian Seedless’increased by 64.73%.In the WPM germination medium,supplementation with 0.2 mg L^(–1) ZT and 0.2 mg L^(–1) IAA resulted in the highest germination rate of 85.71%for the hybrid combination‘Huozhouheiyu×Shine Muscat’.Furthermore,3,365 abnormal plantlets were rescued via direct transformation and hypocotyl-induced adventitious bud regeneration,among which 1,234 were transformed into normal plantlets.Following hybridization,a total of 4,287 plants were successfully acclimatized and transplanted.This study provides theoretical insights to improve the efficiency of embryo rescue breeding in seedless grapes and offers valuable genetic resources for future breeding programs.
基金the Facepe,CNPq,Embrapa and Capes for financial support.
文摘The fruit production for export is an economically significant activity in the Valley of S?o Francisco River, especially in the irrigated lands of Petrolina-PE/Juazeiro-BA, Brazil. The development of new genetic material most suitable to the tropical climate and the demands of the consumer market have led to the selection of new seedless grapes cultivars. In this case, the use of the embryo rescue technique has produced satisfactory results for obtaining such materials, especially in the semiarid region. This study aimed to evaluate the in vitro development of intraspecific hybrids of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.), derived from the rescue of immature embryos resultant from the crossing of “Superior Seedless” and “Thompson Seedless” Brazilian clones. To establish and develop the cultivation, the culture media was supplemented with 30 g/L sucrose, 0.1 g/L myo-inositol, 0.002 g/L glycine, 0.1 mg/L indoleacetic acid (IAA), 6.5 g/L of agar, adjusted pH to 5.7. The experiment was evaluated after 90 days. The variables measured were: number of nodes, number of leaves, plant height (cm), number of roots and length (cm) of the root system and internodes. The period of 60 days of in vitro culture of ovules resulted in the highest values of embryos (about 50%), as well as better characterized developmental stages with higher germination (47.3%). The three types of hybrid grapes evaluated in micropropagation showed very similar values of the measured parameters, even having originated from embryos of different developmental stages.
基金supported by the earmarked fund for the China Agriculture Research System of MOF and MARA (CARS-29-yc-3)the Project of Agricultural Breeding in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region,China (NXNYYZ20210104)the Key Industrial Innovation Chain Project in Shaanxi Province,China(2021ZDLNY04-08)。
文摘Molecular marker-assisted selection(MAS) can significantly accelerate and improve the efficiency of the breeding process in seedless grape cultivars. In this study, we developed the KASP_VviAGL11 and VviAGL11_410 markers based on a single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) site(Chr18: 26889437(A/C)) of the VviAGL11 gene, and compared them with previously reported SSR markers p3_VvAGL11 and 5U_VviAGL11 by testing 101 cultivars and 81 F1 hybrid progenies. The results showed that both of the proposed markers obtained 100% accuracy rates in detecting allele A, which was closely associated with the seedless trait in grapes, while p3_VvAGL11 and 5U_VviAGL11 had lower accuracy rates due to their tendency to produce false positives. After careful evaluation of the technical advantages and disadvantages associated with these markers, we concluded that KASP_VviAGL11 was superior in terms of simplicity,cost-effectiveness, efficiency, and accuracy. Thus, we optimized the process of molecular MAS for seedless grapes,focusing on the KASP_VviAGL11 marker as a central component, to provide key technical support for the development of new seedless grape cultivars.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32160582,31660466)the Natural Science Foundation for Distinguished Young Scholars of Xinjiang Province of China(No.2021D01E24)the Plan of Introduction 100 Young Doctors in Xinjiang,China.
文摘Xinjiang is the main producing area of raisins and the largest green raisins production base in China.The browning of Thompson seedless grape raisin is extremely serious during the drying process,and has become the key issue in the development of Xinjiang raisin industry.Previous studies have shown that dehydration speed has a great impact on the browning of Thompson seedless grape,but few relevant mechanisms have been studied.Here,we demonstrate the effect of dehydration speed on lipid metabolism and its relation to the browning of the Thompson seedless grape during drying.Compared to slow dehydration treatment,rapid dehydration treatment of the Thompson seedless grape exhibited a lower degree of browning and activities of lipoxygenase(LOX),a higher index of unsaturated fatty acids and degree of unsaturated fatty acid.Moreover,the Thompson seedless grape treated with rapid dehydration resulted in a lower rate of superoxide anion production,hydrogen peroxide content,membrane permeability,and malondialdehyde content.These findings demonstrate that rapid dehydration inhibiting the browning of Thompson seedless grapes might be due to the inhibiting activities of LOX and the lower accumulation of reactive oxygen species.These activities can inhibit lipid peroxidation and slow the decomposition of unsaturated fatty acid in the membrane in Thompson seedless grapes,protecting the cellular membrane structural integrity,which may result in less contact of polyphenol oxidase with phenolic substrates and less enzymatic browning during drying.The results provide a theoretical basis for the application of rapid dehydration in drying Thompson seedless grapes.
文摘The production of some seedless table grapes under tropical conditions presents low bud fertility on the main canes and low yield, which leads to the need of pruning in the lateral shoots. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of the canopy management for the formation of lateral shoots associated with dellsity of canes on the yield and quality of grapes ＂Sugraone＂ in the Sao Francisco Valley. The experiment was carried out over two growing seasons （2011-2012） in a commercial vineyard of Sugraone in Petrolina, Pernambuco state, Brazil. The treatments consisted of two canopy managements （shoot topping associated to elimination of lateral shoots and shoot topping and formation of lateral shoots） combined with two to three densities of canes after pruning （1.8, 2.8 and 3.8 canes/m^2）. The formation of ＂lateral shoots＂ increased yield and number of clusters per plant during two consecutive growing seasons, besides using 2.8 varas/m^2 resulted in highest yields only in 2011 growing season. The variables mass bunch, mass berry, soluble solids （SS）, soluble sugar, titxatable acidity （TA） and pulp firmness were not affected by treatments, while the attributes related to color, as like brightness and hue angle of the skin, and total extractable polyphenols content were influenced by canopy management, especially in the 2012 growing season. Shoot topping to induce formation of laterals shoots associated with density of 2.8 canes/m2 increased the yield of seedless grapes cultivar Sugraone grown in the Sao Francisco Valley, not significantly affecting the quality of the grape.
文摘为优化无核白葡萄赤霉素(gibberellin acid,GA_(3))处理方案,提升葡萄及葡萄干品质,以无核白葡萄为试材,设置5种GA_(3)处理(花期不处理+花后10 d 150 mg/L GA_(3)、花序盛开75%75 mg/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 mg/L GA_(3)、花序盛开100%75 mg/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 g/L GA_(3)、花后2 d 75 g/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 g/L GA_(3)、花后4 d 75 g/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 g/L GA_(3)),以花期、花后10 d均不进行GA_(3)处理为对照组,测定葡萄、葡萄干品质及产量指标。结果表明,GA_(3)处理可有效增大无核白葡萄果穗、果粒质量及果形指数,提高鲜果硬度和维生素C含量,促进葡萄色泽变绿。经GA_(3)处理的无核白葡萄所制葡萄干色泽L∗值、a∗值降低,葡萄干亮度降低、色泽变绿;花后2 d 75 g/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 mg/L GA_(3)处理的葡萄及葡萄干产量最高,分别达74.10 t/hm^(2)和17.33 t/hm^(2),葡萄干单粒质量、果形指数最大,分别为1.20 g和2.96,具有较高的酚类物质和抗氧化活性。主成分分析结果直观地反映出各处理葡萄、葡萄干品质分布状况,建立综合评价模型得出花后2 d 75 mg/L GA_(3)+花后10 d 150 mg/LGA_(3)处理综合得分最高,应用效果最好。
