Seed watermelon kernel is a typical complex food with high fat and protein contents.During storage and processing,it is often affected by various factors to undergo interactions between components,which lead to its qu...Seed watermelon kernel is a typical complex food with high fat and protein contents.During storage and processing,it is often affected by various factors to undergo interactions between components,which lead to its quality change.In this experiment,seed watermelon kernels were used as research objects,and the effects of 2-Azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride(AAPH)on seed watermelon kernel protein isolates(WMP)were investigated.The structure and digestion characteristics of WMP after oxidation were studied.The results showed that with the increase of AAPH concentration(0.05−5 mol/L),WMP showed obvious aggregation,and its solubility decreased from 6.76 mg/mL to 9.59 mg/mL.The free sulfhydryl content of WMP was 18.24 mmol/g decreased to 11.25 mmol/g,α-helix decreased andβ-sheet decreased in secondary structure,and its disulfide bond increased by 43.06 mmol/g from 39.57 mmol/g,enthalpy(H)and denaturation temperature increased(Td)(P<0.05).By mass spectrometry results of simulated gastric digestion products,it was found that oxidation adversely affected the digestion characteristics of WMP.It can be seen that the lipid oxidation product APPH of seed watermelon kernel can significantly affect the structure and function of the protein extracted from the seed kernel.展开更多
Bio-glycerol was synthesized from Cameroon palm kernel oil (PKO) through the transesterification procedure. Palm kernel oil extracted from palm kernel seeds using mechanical expression and solvent extraction was purif...Bio-glycerol was synthesized from Cameroon palm kernel oil (PKO) through the transesterification procedure. Palm kernel oil extracted from palm kernel seeds using mechanical expression and solvent extraction was purified and characterized by physico-chemical methods and used in the transesterification process to give biodiesel and bio-glycerol. The biodiesel was purified and characterized as reported in previous articles. Our focus in this article is on glycerol, an important by-product of the transesterification process which has potential pharmaceutical, cosmetic and engineering applications. The bio-glycerol was purified by acidification and the purified glycerol was subjected to physical and chemical characterization. The specific gravity of glycerol was obtained as 1.2 kg/L, viscosity at 40°C gave 1500 cSt and 500 cSt at 100°C;pH was 7.4;the flash point was 160°C, and the ASTM color was 2.0 before purification and zero after purification. The sulfur content was 0.016%w/v. This sulfur content is low thus posing no environment threat. The chemical composition of the synthesized bio-glycerol determined using IR spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) confirmed the known chemical structure of glycerol. The purification and analysis of bio-glycerol is important as it can find applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries inter alia.展开更多
The object of this study was to investigate the frictional properties （repose angles and friction coefficient） of Iranian sunflower seed and its kernel （Fandoghi, Azargol and Shahroodi） as a function of moisture c...The object of this study was to investigate the frictional properties （repose angles and friction coefficient） of Iranian sunflower seed and its kernel （Fandoghi, Azargol and Shahroodi） as a function of moisture content, size and variety. The static coefficient of friction were determined on five structural surfaces including aluminium, plywood, galvanized iron, polyethylene and rubber when moisture content varied between 3 and 14 % d.b. The obtained results showed that static coefficient of friction on five studied surfaces increase linearly as moisture content increase from 3 to 14% for both seed and kernel. Among the applied surfaces, rubber showed the highest value of friction coefficient for both sunflower seed and kernel followed by plywood, polyethylene, galvanized iron and aluminium. The obtained values of emptying and filling angles of repose increase linearly with an increase in moisture content. Furthermore, the values of empting and filling angles of repose for small sizes were higher than big sizes in all levels of moisture content for both seed and kernel. Also, the emptying angle of repose assumed higher values than the filling angle of repose for all varieties and categories.展开更多
Termites are the most serious pests of field and horticultural crops, forests, and wooden household furniture. In Hamelmalo Agricultural College (HAC) the infestation of termite is very high resulting in great destruc...Termites are the most serious pests of field and horticultural crops, forests, and wooden household furniture. In Hamelmalo Agricultural College (HAC) the infestation of termite is very high resulting in great destruction of crop plants and wooden office and dormitory furniture. The devastating attack of termites should be managed by using best and ecofriendly management method. The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of manual destruction of mounds and killing of termite queen and king, chemical chlorpyrifos, seed and leaves extract of neem and Lantana (as separate experiment) and smoke on termite control. Termite mounds were selected randomly inside HAC compound. The materials used were hand hoe, spade, fork, water, 20 L jar and protective clothes. The treatments were replicated three times. The botanical treatments were prepared at 2 L of highly concentrated extracts per 20 L of water each. Chlorpyrifos was applied at 20 ml per 20 L of water. Dried woody plants were used for smoke treatment. Careful digging was done to avoid king escape and queen rupture and they were killed by burning. Among all, the mechanical destruction and killing of king and queen and chlorpyrifos resulted in a complete control of the termite population. Except in the mounds treated by chlorpyrifos, the activity of termite population was very active and they closed the opened galleries immediately after treatment even though there were dead termite castes in all treatments. Living termite castes were counted by taking a medium size spade of broken mound pieces. The highest count was recorded from mounds treated by smoke. After two weeks the queen and king in every treatment mound were cheeked and killed for those who were alive. Except by the chlorpyrifos and manual destruction of mound (king and queen were killed before) all the royal families were alive and killed. Controlling of termite population in the field (outside their mound) is not possible due to the hidden foraging activity of termites, environmental safety from chemicals and the high egg laying potential of the queen. Finding the best alternative to control from their source mound for the mound building termites resulted in effective control of the population by manual destruction of mounds and killing of queen and king and chlorpyrifos. By the side effect of chlorpyrifos to untargeted organisms and the time consuming and laborious method of manual destruction of mounds, selection to the best from these two control measure is almost the same.展开更多
In this study,Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel protein isolate(CPI)-dextran(DX)model system was used to investigate the impacts of reaction temperatures(70-100℃)and times(1-4 h)on the structure,functional properties a...In this study,Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel protein isolate(CPI)-dextran(DX)model system was used to investigate the impacts of reaction temperatures(70-100℃)and times(1-4 h)on the structure,functional properties and volatile compounds of Maillard reaction products(MRPs).The formation of MRPs was confirmed by SDS-PAGE,ultraviolet absorption and degree of glycation.Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)and circular dichroism(CD)spectroscopy showed that the secondary structure of MRPs tended to be more regular than native CPI.Moreover,MRPs had a lower free sulfhydryl group content and higher surface hydrophobicity than native CPI.Fluorescence spectra revealed that the tryptophan residues of CPI were transferred to a more hydrophobic microenvironment.The solubility and emulsifying stability of CPI were decreased,while the foaming activity,foaming stability,emulsion stability and apparent viscosity of CPI were significantly improved(p<0.05)after Maillard reaction.Furthermore,MRPs exhibited significantly improved(p<0.05)thermal stability and ABTS^(+)•radical scavenging activity than native CPI,while the DPPH+radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing power were decreased.In addition,volatile compounds,including aldehydes,ketones,benzenes and esters,were identified in MRPs.These results provide a theoretical guidance for future studies on CPI-DX conjugates.展开更多
RNA editing is a posttranscriptional process that is important in mitochondria and plastids of higher plants. All RNA editing-specific trans-factors reported so far belong to PLS-class of pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)...RNA editing is a posttranscriptional process that is important in mitochondria and plastids of higher plants. All RNA editing-specific trans-factors reported so far belong to PLS-class of pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins. Here, we report the map-based cloning and molecular characterization of a defective kernel mutant dek39 in maize. Loss of Dek39 function leads to delayed embryogenesis and endosperm development, reduced kernel size, and seedling lethality. Dek39 encodes an E subclass PPR protein that targets to both mitochondria and chloroplasts, and is involved in RNA editing in mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase3(nad3) at nad3-247 and nad3-275. C-to-U editing of nad3-275 is not conserved and even lost in Arabidopsis, consistent with the idea that no close DEK39 homologs are present in Arabidopsis. However, the amino acids generated by editing nad3-247 and nad3-275 are highly conserved in many other plant species, and the reductions of editing at these two sites decrease the activity of mitochondria NADH dehydrogenase complex I,indicating that the alteration of amino acid sequence is necessary for Nad3 function. Our results indicate that Dek39 encodes an E sub-class PPR protein that is involved in RNA editing of multiple sites and is necessary for seed development of maize.展开更多
基金This study was supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No:31760477)Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health(No:20181007)Youth Science and Technology Innovation,Leader in Corps(No:2016BC001).
文摘Seed watermelon kernel is a typical complex food with high fat and protein contents.During storage and processing,it is often affected by various factors to undergo interactions between components,which lead to its quality change.In this experiment,seed watermelon kernels were used as research objects,and the effects of 2-Azobis(2-amidinopropane)dihydrochloride(AAPH)on seed watermelon kernel protein isolates(WMP)were investigated.The structure and digestion characteristics of WMP after oxidation were studied.The results showed that with the increase of AAPH concentration(0.05−5 mol/L),WMP showed obvious aggregation,and its solubility decreased from 6.76 mg/mL to 9.59 mg/mL.The free sulfhydryl content of WMP was 18.24 mmol/g decreased to 11.25 mmol/g,α-helix decreased andβ-sheet decreased in secondary structure,and its disulfide bond increased by 43.06 mmol/g from 39.57 mmol/g,enthalpy(H)and denaturation temperature increased(Td)(P<0.05).By mass spectrometry results of simulated gastric digestion products,it was found that oxidation adversely affected the digestion characteristics of WMP.It can be seen that the lipid oxidation product APPH of seed watermelon kernel can significantly affect the structure and function of the protein extracted from the seed kernel.
文摘Bio-glycerol was synthesized from Cameroon palm kernel oil (PKO) through the transesterification procedure. Palm kernel oil extracted from palm kernel seeds using mechanical expression and solvent extraction was purified and characterized by physico-chemical methods and used in the transesterification process to give biodiesel and bio-glycerol. The biodiesel was purified and characterized as reported in previous articles. Our focus in this article is on glycerol, an important by-product of the transesterification process which has potential pharmaceutical, cosmetic and engineering applications. The bio-glycerol was purified by acidification and the purified glycerol was subjected to physical and chemical characterization. The specific gravity of glycerol was obtained as 1.2 kg/L, viscosity at 40°C gave 1500 cSt and 500 cSt at 100°C;pH was 7.4;the flash point was 160°C, and the ASTM color was 2.0 before purification and zero after purification. The sulfur content was 0.016%w/v. This sulfur content is low thus posing no environment threat. The chemical composition of the synthesized bio-glycerol determined using IR spectroscopy and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) confirmed the known chemical structure of glycerol. The purification and analysis of bio-glycerol is important as it can find applications in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food industries inter alia.
文摘The object of this study was to investigate the frictional properties （repose angles and friction coefficient） of Iranian sunflower seed and its kernel （Fandoghi, Azargol and Shahroodi） as a function of moisture content, size and variety. The static coefficient of friction were determined on five structural surfaces including aluminium, plywood, galvanized iron, polyethylene and rubber when moisture content varied between 3 and 14 % d.b. The obtained results showed that static coefficient of friction on five studied surfaces increase linearly as moisture content increase from 3 to 14% for both seed and kernel. Among the applied surfaces, rubber showed the highest value of friction coefficient for both sunflower seed and kernel followed by plywood, polyethylene, galvanized iron and aluminium. The obtained values of emptying and filling angles of repose increase linearly with an increase in moisture content. Furthermore, the values of empting and filling angles of repose for small sizes were higher than big sizes in all levels of moisture content for both seed and kernel. Also, the emptying angle of repose assumed higher values than the filling angle of repose for all varieties and categories.
文摘Termites are the most serious pests of field and horticultural crops, forests, and wooden household furniture. In Hamelmalo Agricultural College (HAC) the infestation of termite is very high resulting in great destruction of crop plants and wooden office and dormitory furniture. The devastating attack of termites should be managed by using best and ecofriendly management method. The purpose of the study was to compare the effectiveness of manual destruction of mounds and killing of termite queen and king, chemical chlorpyrifos, seed and leaves extract of neem and Lantana (as separate experiment) and smoke on termite control. Termite mounds were selected randomly inside HAC compound. The materials used were hand hoe, spade, fork, water, 20 L jar and protective clothes. The treatments were replicated three times. The botanical treatments were prepared at 2 L of highly concentrated extracts per 20 L of water each. Chlorpyrifos was applied at 20 ml per 20 L of water. Dried woody plants were used for smoke treatment. Careful digging was done to avoid king escape and queen rupture and they were killed by burning. Among all, the mechanical destruction and killing of king and queen and chlorpyrifos resulted in a complete control of the termite population. Except in the mounds treated by chlorpyrifos, the activity of termite population was very active and they closed the opened galleries immediately after treatment even though there were dead termite castes in all treatments. Living termite castes were counted by taking a medium size spade of broken mound pieces. The highest count was recorded from mounds treated by smoke. After two weeks the queen and king in every treatment mound were cheeked and killed for those who were alive. Except by the chlorpyrifos and manual destruction of mound (king and queen were killed before) all the royal families were alive and killed. Controlling of termite population in the field (outside their mound) is not possible due to the hidden foraging activity of termites, environmental safety from chemicals and the high egg laying potential of the queen. Finding the best alternative to control from their source mound for the mound building termites resulted in effective control of the population by manual destruction of mounds and killing of queen and king and chlorpyrifos. By the side effect of chlorpyrifos to untargeted organisms and the time consuming and laborious method of manual destruction of mounds, selection to the best from these two control measure is almost the same.
基金supported by the International Science and Technol-ogy Cooperation Program of China(Project No.2011DFA32770)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project No.31701651,32060516)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Program of Jiangxi Province(Project No.20143ACG70015)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province(Project No.20224BAB215050)the Central Govern-ment Guide Local Special Fund Project for Scientific and Technological Development of Jiangxi Province(Project No.20212ZDD02008,20221ZDD02001)the Research Program of State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology,Nanchang University(Project No.SKLFZZA-201910,SKLF-ZZB-201916 and SKLF-ZZB-202135).
文摘In this study,Cinnamomum camphora seed kernel protein isolate(CPI)-dextran(DX)model system was used to investigate the impacts of reaction temperatures(70-100℃)and times(1-4 h)on the structure,functional properties and volatile compounds of Maillard reaction products(MRPs).The formation of MRPs was confirmed by SDS-PAGE,ultraviolet absorption and degree of glycation.Fourier transform infrared(FTIR)and circular dichroism(CD)spectroscopy showed that the secondary structure of MRPs tended to be more regular than native CPI.Moreover,MRPs had a lower free sulfhydryl group content and higher surface hydrophobicity than native CPI.Fluorescence spectra revealed that the tryptophan residues of CPI were transferred to a more hydrophobic microenvironment.The solubility and emulsifying stability of CPI were decreased,while the foaming activity,foaming stability,emulsion stability and apparent viscosity of CPI were significantly improved(p<0.05)after Maillard reaction.Furthermore,MRPs exhibited significantly improved(p<0.05)thermal stability and ABTS^(+)•radical scavenging activity than native CPI,while the DPPH+radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing power were decreased.In addition,volatile compounds,including aldehydes,ketones,benzenes and esters,were identified in MRPs.These results provide a theoretical guidance for future studies on CPI-DX conjugates.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91435206 31421005)+1 种基金National Key Technologies Research & Development ProgramSeven Major Crops Breeding Project (2016YFD0101803, 2016YFD0100404)the 948 project (2016-X33)
文摘RNA editing is a posttranscriptional process that is important in mitochondria and plastids of higher plants. All RNA editing-specific trans-factors reported so far belong to PLS-class of pentatricopeptide repeat(PPR)proteins. Here, we report the map-based cloning and molecular characterization of a defective kernel mutant dek39 in maize. Loss of Dek39 function leads to delayed embryogenesis and endosperm development, reduced kernel size, and seedling lethality. Dek39 encodes an E subclass PPR protein that targets to both mitochondria and chloroplasts, and is involved in RNA editing in mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase3(nad3) at nad3-247 and nad3-275. C-to-U editing of nad3-275 is not conserved and even lost in Arabidopsis, consistent with the idea that no close DEK39 homologs are present in Arabidopsis. However, the amino acids generated by editing nad3-247 and nad3-275 are highly conserved in many other plant species, and the reductions of editing at these two sites decrease the activity of mitochondria NADH dehydrogenase complex I,indicating that the alteration of amino acid sequence is necessary for Nad3 function. Our results indicate that Dek39 encodes an E sub-class PPR protein that is involved in RNA editing of multiple sites and is necessary for seed development of maize.
