Bio-derived oxygenated hydrocarbons, such as mixtures of fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel), are promising alternatives for alleviating the adverse effects of fossil fuel consumption on climate change and preventing...Bio-derived oxygenated hydrocarbons, such as mixtures of fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel), are promising alternatives for alleviating the adverse effects of fossil fuel consumption on climate change and preventing petroleum resource depletion. However, the selection of a viable feedstock for competitive biodiesel production remains challenging. Recent studies focusing on Griffonia simplicifolia seeds, the sole plant industrially exploited for 5-hydroxy- tryptophan (5-HTP) extraction, have shown that G. simplicifolia seed oil (GSO) can be solvent-extracted directly from ground seeds or the remaining seed cakes obtained after 5-HTP extraction with quantitative yields. This work documents the conversion of GSO into biodiesel through homogeneous base-catalyzed transesterification. The refractive index and density of the obtained methyl ester mixtures decreased with increasing oil-to-methanol molar ratio, reaction temperature, and time. Under specific conditions, 1.43 wt% FFA oil, 63.5C, 60 min, and 1:9 oil/MeOH molar ratio with 1.2 wt% NaOH or 1.3 wt% KOH as catalysts, optimal reaction conditions were reached. There were no significant differences in the potential for diminution of the refractive index and density between the NaOH and KOH catalysts. The predicted fuel properties based on the fatty acid composition determined by GC-MS showed that G. simplicifolia biodiesel exhibited a cetane index of 50.29, volumetric energy density of 34.97 MJ/L, cloud point of -1.03°C, kinematic viscosity of 4.07 mm<sup>2</sup>/s, and oxidative stability of 0.65 h. Apart from its unfavorable oxidative stability and slightly lower energy density compared to petrodiesel, all other calculated parameters met the current standards. The valorization concept proposed in this study should be integrated into the 5-HTP extraction process, preferably using the remaining dry seed cakes as raw materials to maximize revenue in a bioeconomic and sustainable approach.展开更多
周村烧饼是淄博市传统手工艺品、国家级非物质文化遗产之一,其特点是“薄、酥、香、脆”。Zhoucun sesame seed cake is a wonderful food in Zibo,Shandong Province.It has a history of several thousand years.In 2008,its producti...周村烧饼是淄博市传统手工艺品、国家级非物质文化遗产之一,其特点是“薄、酥、香、脆”。Zhoucun sesame seed cake is a wonderful food in Zibo,Shandong Province.It has a history of several thousand years.In 2008,its production method was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage,making it even more renowned.展开更多
Recently, feed ingredient prices and availability concerns have resulted in the examination of diet formulations using alternative, locally available, high protein feed ingredients. An experiment was carried out to ev...Recently, feed ingredient prices and availability concerns have resulted in the examination of diet formulations using alternative, locally available, high protein feed ingredients. An experiment was carried out to evaluate sunflower cake （SC） dietary effect on the performance of ISA brown pullets. The duration of the experiment was 20 weeks. A total of 48 one-day-old pullets were randomly allocated in three groups （C, SC6.25 and SC12.5） with four replications. The pullets of the control group （C） were given proper full rations without sunflower cake for the 1 st, 2nd and 3rd rearing ages, whereas in the treatment groups 5C6.25 sunflower cake was added at 6.25% of rations and in group SC12.5 at 12.5% of rations. The pullets were housed in floor pens with litter and were offered feed and water ad libitum. According to the results of statistical analysis, the addition of 6.25% sunflower cake in the diet significantly （P 〈 0.05） affected body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The results of this study showed that sunflower cake can be added to the ration of ISA brown pullets of 0-20 weeks of age up to 12.5% without any adverse effect on their performance.展开更多
Carinata(Brassica carinata)is an oilseed crop with potential in biofuel production and livestock feed.The present research was conducted to evaluate twenty Brassica carinata genotypes used in breeding programs to deve...Carinata(Brassica carinata)is an oilseed crop with potential in biofuel production and livestock feed.The present research was conducted to evaluate twenty Brassica carinata genotypes used in breeding programs to develop commercial production of Brassica carinata with low levels of erucic acid.The following characters were evaluated:oil contents,fatty acid profiles,physicochemical characteristics of oils,as well as the content of protein,total phenolic compounds,and the antiradical activity of Brassica carinata defatted seed cake.The oil analysis indicated desirable quality,including low percentages of free fatty acids(FFA),high amounts of unsaponifiable matter(USM),and low values for primary and secondary oxidation products that were under the regulated limits.The oil contents of the samples varied between 27.0 and 39.2%.A total of 16 fatty acid compositions were identified in different samples.As compared to the commercial canola oil,it was observed that Brassica carinata 14C genotype had quite similar fatty acid composition.Total phenolics and protein contents of Brassica carinata cake extract varied from 43.2 to 132 mg/100 g and from 24.6 to 35.4%,respectively.It can be noted that Brassica carinata genotype 14C with low erucic acid(EA)and high oleic acid contents consider as an edible oil cultivar.Regarding EA,the genotypes 3C,10C,and 17C with low EA content could be recommended as a basis for further breeding programs.Brassica carinata cake from different genotypes might be a valuable source of natural antioxidants due to their antioxidant capacities and free radical scavenging potential.展开更多
Objective To optimize the extraction technology of perilla seeds oil from the oil cake of perilla seeds(OCPS)by using the contents of active fatty acids as evaluation standard.Methods The fatty acids were extracted fr...Objective To optimize the extraction technology of perilla seeds oil from the oil cake of perilla seeds(OCPS)by using the contents of active fatty acids as evaluation standard.Methods The fatty acids were extracted from OCPS,the residue of perilla seeds after cold-press,by smashing tissue extraction(STE),the new technology selected through comparing with classical leaching extraction(LE),Soxhlet extraction(SE),ultrasonic extraction(UE),and supercritical-CO_(2) fluid extraction(SFE).For optimized condition of STE,orthogonal test was designed and completed.The contents of five fatty acids in extracted oil and OCPS were determined by GC.Results The optimized extraction parameters were smashing for 1.5 min under extraction power of 150 W and 1:6 of the material/solvent ratio.The contents of five fatty acids in the oils extracted by five techniques from OCPS and determined by GC were as follows:α-linolenic acid(41.12%-51.81%),linoleic acid(15.38%-16.43%),oleic acid(18.93%-27.28%),stearic acid(2.56%-4.01%),and palmitic acid(7.38%-10.77%).Conclusion The results show that STE is the most efficient technology with the highest yield(LE:0.57%;SE:1.03%;UE:0.61%;SFE:0.80%;STE:1.17%)and shortest time(LE:720 min;SE:360 min;UE:30 min;SFE:120 min;STE:1.5 min)among five tested extraction technologies.It is first reported using STE to extract herbal oil enriched with active fatty acids.展开更多
文摘Bio-derived oxygenated hydrocarbons, such as mixtures of fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel), are promising alternatives for alleviating the adverse effects of fossil fuel consumption on climate change and preventing petroleum resource depletion. However, the selection of a viable feedstock for competitive biodiesel production remains challenging. Recent studies focusing on Griffonia simplicifolia seeds, the sole plant industrially exploited for 5-hydroxy- tryptophan (5-HTP) extraction, have shown that G. simplicifolia seed oil (GSO) can be solvent-extracted directly from ground seeds or the remaining seed cakes obtained after 5-HTP extraction with quantitative yields. This work documents the conversion of GSO into biodiesel through homogeneous base-catalyzed transesterification. The refractive index and density of the obtained methyl ester mixtures decreased with increasing oil-to-methanol molar ratio, reaction temperature, and time. Under specific conditions, 1.43 wt% FFA oil, 63.5C, 60 min, and 1:9 oil/MeOH molar ratio with 1.2 wt% NaOH or 1.3 wt% KOH as catalysts, optimal reaction conditions were reached. There were no significant differences in the potential for diminution of the refractive index and density between the NaOH and KOH catalysts. The predicted fuel properties based on the fatty acid composition determined by GC-MS showed that G. simplicifolia biodiesel exhibited a cetane index of 50.29, volumetric energy density of 34.97 MJ/L, cloud point of -1.03°C, kinematic viscosity of 4.07 mm<sup>2</sup>/s, and oxidative stability of 0.65 h. Apart from its unfavorable oxidative stability and slightly lower energy density compared to petrodiesel, all other calculated parameters met the current standards. The valorization concept proposed in this study should be integrated into the 5-HTP extraction process, preferably using the remaining dry seed cakes as raw materials to maximize revenue in a bioeconomic and sustainable approach.
文摘周村烧饼是淄博市传统手工艺品、国家级非物质文化遗产之一,其特点是“薄、酥、香、脆”。Zhoucun sesame seed cake is a wonderful food in Zibo,Shandong Province.It has a history of several thousand years.In 2008,its production method was listed as a national intangible cultural heritage,making it even more renowned.
文摘Recently, feed ingredient prices and availability concerns have resulted in the examination of diet formulations using alternative, locally available, high protein feed ingredients. An experiment was carried out to evaluate sunflower cake （SC） dietary effect on the performance of ISA brown pullets. The duration of the experiment was 20 weeks. A total of 48 one-day-old pullets were randomly allocated in three groups （C, SC6.25 and SC12.5） with four replications. The pullets of the control group （C） were given proper full rations without sunflower cake for the 1 st, 2nd and 3rd rearing ages, whereas in the treatment groups 5C6.25 sunflower cake was added at 6.25% of rations and in group SC12.5 at 12.5% of rations. The pullets were housed in floor pens with litter and were offered feed and water ad libitum. According to the results of statistical analysis, the addition of 6.25% sunflower cake in the diet significantly （P 〈 0.05） affected body weight gain and feed conversion ratio. The results of this study showed that sunflower cake can be added to the ration of ISA brown pullets of 0-20 weeks of age up to 12.5% without any adverse effect on their performance.
文摘Carinata(Brassica carinata)is an oilseed crop with potential in biofuel production and livestock feed.The present research was conducted to evaluate twenty Brassica carinata genotypes used in breeding programs to develop commercial production of Brassica carinata with low levels of erucic acid.The following characters were evaluated:oil contents,fatty acid profiles,physicochemical characteristics of oils,as well as the content of protein,total phenolic compounds,and the antiradical activity of Brassica carinata defatted seed cake.The oil analysis indicated desirable quality,including low percentages of free fatty acids(FFA),high amounts of unsaponifiable matter(USM),and low values for primary and secondary oxidation products that were under the regulated limits.The oil contents of the samples varied between 27.0 and 39.2%.A total of 16 fatty acid compositions were identified in different samples.As compared to the commercial canola oil,it was observed that Brassica carinata 14C genotype had quite similar fatty acid composition.Total phenolics and protein contents of Brassica carinata cake extract varied from 43.2 to 132 mg/100 g and from 24.6 to 35.4%,respectively.It can be noted that Brassica carinata genotype 14C with low erucic acid(EA)and high oleic acid contents consider as an edible oil cultivar.Regarding EA,the genotypes 3C,10C,and 17C with low EA content could be recommended as a basis for further breeding programs.Brassica carinata cake from different genotypes might be a valuable source of natural antioxidants due to their antioxidant capacities and free radical scavenging potential.
基金Chinese Northeast Characteristic Nutritional Plant Oil Construction Foundation and Industrialization Item(No.2008301026)
文摘Objective To optimize the extraction technology of perilla seeds oil from the oil cake of perilla seeds(OCPS)by using the contents of active fatty acids as evaluation standard.Methods The fatty acids were extracted from OCPS,the residue of perilla seeds after cold-press,by smashing tissue extraction(STE),the new technology selected through comparing with classical leaching extraction(LE),Soxhlet extraction(SE),ultrasonic extraction(UE),and supercritical-CO_(2) fluid extraction(SFE).For optimized condition of STE,orthogonal test was designed and completed.The contents of five fatty acids in extracted oil and OCPS were determined by GC.Results The optimized extraction parameters were smashing for 1.5 min under extraction power of 150 W and 1:6 of the material/solvent ratio.The contents of five fatty acids in the oils extracted by five techniques from OCPS and determined by GC were as follows:α-linolenic acid(41.12%-51.81%),linoleic acid(15.38%-16.43%),oleic acid(18.93%-27.28%),stearic acid(2.56%-4.01%),and palmitic acid(7.38%-10.77%).Conclusion The results show that STE is the most efficient technology with the highest yield(LE:0.57%;SE:1.03%;UE:0.61%;SFE:0.80%;STE:1.17%)and shortest time(LE:720 min;SE:360 min;UE:30 min;SFE:120 min;STE:1.5 min)among five tested extraction technologies.It is first reported using STE to extract herbal oil enriched with active fatty acids.
