探讨基于“三全育人”教育理念的护理本科生SEED数字化学风建设,即以学风(style of study)建设为核心,教育(education)为驱动,在线学习(e-learning)为衔接,数字化(digitization)手段为支撑。通过数字化技术整合教育资源,优化学生的学习...探讨基于“三全育人”教育理念的护理本科生SEED数字化学风建设,即以学风(style of study)建设为核心,教育(education)为驱动,在线学习(e-learning)为衔接,数字化(digitization)手段为支撑。通过数字化技术整合教育资源,优化学生的学习行为,推动全员参与、全过程管理和全方位覆盖的学风建设模式,以提升护理本科生的学习投入度和信息素养为主要目标,为护理教育提供新的实践路径。展开更多
A study was conducted to determine the physiological characteristics changes of Aesculus chinensis seeds during natural dehydration in 2003. The results showed that A. chinensis seeds were recalcitrant with being high...A study was conducted to determine the physiological characteristics changes of Aesculus chinensis seeds during natural dehydration in 2003. The results showed that A. chinensis seeds were recalcitrant with being highly desiccation-sensitive. The seed moisture content of fresh fruits was higher than 60%. When the seeds were naturally dried for 30 days, their moisture content declined to 30.2% and their viability was completely lost. The seed germination percentage had a small increase at the beginning of desiccation and then decreased rapidly. The relative electrical conductivity of the A. chinensis seeds increased along with a decrease in seed moisture content. However, there was an abnormal increase in relative electrical conductivity when the seed moisture content was between 53.7% and 50.9%. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity decreased rapidly in the period of desiccation except for an abnormality when the seed moisture content was between 53.7% and 50.9%. Malondialdehyde （MDA） content increased slowly at the early stage of desiccation and then rose rapidly after the moisture content was below 50.9%. The soluble sugar content in seeds slowly increased with the increasing period of desiccation. The seed germination percentage was at the high level when seed moisture content was in range of 47%- 60%, which suggests that this was the optimum moisture content for maintaining A. chinensis seed viability.展开更多
Population shrinkage of alpine cushion plants with ongoing climate warming has been empirically confirmed.Since cushion plants play important roles in sustaining alpine plant community and ecosystem functions,their po...Population shrinkage of alpine cushion plants with ongoing climate warming has been empirically confirmed.Since cushion plants play important roles in sustaining alpine plant community and ecosystem functions,their population dynamics may directly influence the future alpine ecosystems.However,little is known about how climate warming affect cushion population recruitment,especially at early life-history stages.In this study,we conducted a laboratory simulation of climate warming to detect the effects of warming temperature and associated moisture and light changes on seed germination and seedling growth of the typical alpine cushion plant Arenaria oreophila.Results suggested that increasing temperature indeed exerted strong constraints on the population recruitment processes.Specifically,increased temperatures could quickly initialize seed germination(4e6 days at higher temperatures vs.29 e32 days at low temperature,respectively,after sowing),accelerate them to reach the maximum germination percentage(9e19 days at higher temperatures vs.57e86 days at low temperature,respectively,after sowing)and significantly accelerate seedling growth rate.However,higher temperatures accelerated seedling mortality(more than 80%).In addition,lower light availability also increased seedling mortality though it could generally increase the final seed germination percentage.The effects of water might be dependent on temperature and light.All results suggested that cushion A.oreophila is quite sensitive to climate warming which strongly constrains its seedling establishment process.We,therefore,speculate that the continuing climate warming in future will exert uncertain risks in the persistence of cushion A.oreophila,possibly by constraining the process of seedling recruitments.展开更多
The Chandipura vesiculovirus(CHPV),a single-stranded,negative sense RNA arbovirus with five structural proteins-the G,N,M,P,and L proteins-is the source of Chandipura virus infection.Children between the ages of 9 mon...The Chandipura vesiculovirus(CHPV),a single-stranded,negative sense RNA arbovirus with five structural proteins-the G,N,M,P,and L proteins-is the source of Chandipura virus infection.Children between the ages of 9 months and 14 years old are the most common recipients of CHPV infection,which is primarily spread by sand flies(Sergentomyia,Phlebotomus species).The potential advantages of black seeds(N.sativa)in the treatment of patients with CHPV infection are the main topic of our current review.The majority of patients infected with CHPV experience neurological complications such as encephalitis and other neurological complications.Since there is currently no approved antiviral treatment,supportive care and symptomatic therapy are the primary methods used to manage CHPV-infected patients.Herbal candidates possessing antioxidant,immunomodulatory,antiviral,and anti-inflammatory qualities may aid in the treatment of CHPV infection.The antiviral,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and immunomodulatory qualities of black seeds(N.sativa)have been shown in a number of preclinical and clinical investigations;these attributes could be helpful in the treatment of CHPV infection.Black seeds(N.sativa)may help treat CHPV-infected patients in the early stages of their illness when used in conjunction with symptomatic therapy and supportive care.In patients infected with CHPV,additional randomized controlled clinical trials would assess the efficacy and safety of black seeds(N.sativa).展开更多
β-Aminobutyric acid(BABA)is a physiologically active plant compound that has not been extensively studied.It has been shown to increase resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors and enhance seed germination in ...β-Aminobutyric acid(BABA)is a physiologically active plant compound that has not been extensively studied.It has been shown to increase resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors and enhance seed germination in certain plant species.However,its effects on cereal grains with low germination rates have not yet been studied.This study investigated the effects of BABA on the germination of aged triticale seeds,the metabolite content of seedlings,and the state of their antioxidant systems.The study found that a three-hour treatment of seeds in BABA solutions at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mM increased germination energy and germination(by 10%–14%)and enhanced the accumulation of shoot and root biomass(by 17%–26%).Additionally,amylase activity increased in the grains,and the accumulation of osmolytes(sugars and proline)increased in the shoots.The content of anthocyanins in shoots increased by almost twofold,and the activity of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase,catalase,and guaiacol peroxidase)increased by approximately 20%–30%.Simultaneously,BABA seed priming caused a noticeable decrease in the levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation products in the shoots of seedlings.The conclusion was made that the use of BABA as a bioregulator has the potential to enhance the germination of seeds with low sowing qualities.This is due to the ability of BABA to activate the metabolism of reserve substances in the grain and prevent the development of oxidative stress.展开更多
Mimetic seeds attract birds to disperse seeds mainly by mimicking fleshy fruits or arillate seeds,however,they provide little nutritive reward for bird dispersers.The key characteristics of mimetic seeds are conspicuo...Mimetic seeds attract birds to disperse seeds mainly by mimicking fleshy fruits or arillate seeds,however,they provide little nutritive reward for bird dispersers.The key characteristics of mimetic seeds are conspicuous seed color,hard seed coat,certain toxic secondary metabolites,and perhaps smooth waxy layer.In this review,we discuss the global distribution of mimetic seeds,the interaction of mimetic seeds with bird dispersers,and secondary metabolites that underlie key characteristics of mimetic seeds.Mimetic-seed species mainly occur in the tropics,with large numbers distributed along coastal areas.The interaction between mimetic-seed species and bird dispersers can be antagonistic,mutualistic,or both.These interactions are generally established by conspicuous visual cues and hard tactile cues from mimetic seeds.The formation and variation of key characteristics of mimetic seeds may contribute to the metabolism of several kind of secondary compounds.Here,we also discuss mimetic-seed dispersal in the context of an evolutionary game,and propose several aspects of mimetic-seed dispersal that remain unstudied.While this review is based on preliminary findings and does not account for other potential influencing factors such as climate,it is expected to contribute to an improved understanding of mimetic-seed dispersal.展开更多
Seed dispersal is a pivotal process in seed plant life cycle,owing to its effects on seed germination,seedling survival,population recruitment,and diversity maintenance in the entire community(Howe and Smallwood,1982;...Seed dispersal is a pivotal process in seed plant life cycle,owing to its effects on seed germination,seedling survival,population recruitment,and diversity maintenance in the entire community(Howe and Smallwood,1982;Rogers et al.,2021).There are diverse dispersal modes,such as anemochory(wind-driven dispersal),hydrochory(water-mediated dispersal),autochory(self-dispersal),and zoochory,which relies on a diverse array of animals for seed dispersal(Howe and Smallwood,1982).It is widely known that these varying dispersal modes impose selective pressures on many seed and fruit traits,especially the seed size,a key trait which is associated with multiple stages of the life cycle of plants,such as dispersal,germination,and establishment,particularly during early development(Leishman et al.,2000).展开更多
Cotton,a crucial commercial fibre crop,depends heavily on seed-associated characteristics like germination rate,vigour,and resistance to post-harvest deterioration for both production and lint quality.Serious cellular...Cotton,a crucial commercial fibre crop,depends heavily on seed-associated characteristics like germination rate,vigour,and resistance to post-harvest deterioration for both production and lint quality.Serious cellular damage dur-ing post-harvest processes such as delinting,prolonged seedling emergence periods,decreased viability,increased susceptibility to infections,and lipid peroxidation during storage pose serious problems to seed quality.The perfor-mance of seeds and total crop productivity are adversely affected by these problems.Traditional methods of seed improvement,like physical scarification and seed priming,have demonstrated promise in raising cotton seed vigour and germination rates.Furthermore,modern approaches including plasma therapies,magnetic water treatments,and nanotechnology-based treatments have shown promise in improving seed quality and reducing environmen-tal stresses.By offering sustainable substitutes for conventional approaches,these cutting-edge procedures lessen the need for fungicides and other agrochemicals that pollute the environment.This review explores various con-ventional and emerging strategies to address the detrimental factors impacting cotton seed quality.It emphasizes the importance of integrating classical and advanced approaches to enhance germination,ensure robust crop estab-lishment,and achieve higher yields.In addition to promoting sustainable cotton production,this kind of integration helps preserve the ecosystem and create resilient farming methods.展开更多
Seed aging tolerance during storage is generally an important trait for crop production, yet the role of small auxin-up RNA genes in conferring seed aging tolerance is largely unknown in rice. In this study, one small...Seed aging tolerance during storage is generally an important trait for crop production, yet the role of small auxin-up RNA genes in conferring seed aging tolerance is largely unknown in rice. In this study, one small auxin-up RNA gene, OsSAUR33, was found to be involved in the regulation of seed aging tolerance in rice. The expression of OsSAUR33 was significantly induced in aged seeds compared with unaged seeds during the seed germination phase. Accordingly, the disruption of OsSAUR33 significantly reduced seed vigor compared to the wild type(WT) in response to natural storage or artificial aging treatments. The rice OsSAUR33 gene promotes the vigor of aged seeds by enhancing their reactive oxygen species(ROS) level during seed germination, and the accumulation of ROS was significantly delayed in the aged seeds of Ossaur33 mutants in comparison with WT during seed germination. Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)) treatments promoted the vigor of aged seeds in various rice varieties. Our results provide timely theoretical and technical insights for the trait improvement of seed aging tolerance in rice.展开更多
Pinus densiflora is a pine species native to the Korean peninsula,and seed orchards have supplied mate-rial needed for afforestation in South Korea.Climate vari-ables affecting seed production have not been identified...Pinus densiflora is a pine species native to the Korean peninsula,and seed orchards have supplied mate-rial needed for afforestation in South Korea.Climate vari-ables affecting seed production have not been identified.The purpose of this study was to determine climate variables that influence annual seed production of two seed orchards using multiple linear regression(MLR),elastic net regres-sion(ENR)and partial least square regression(PLSR)mod-els.The PLSR model included 12 climatic variables from 2003 to 2020 and explained 74.3%of the total variation in seed production.It showed better predictive performance(R2=0.662)than the EN(0.516)and the MLR(0.366)mod-els.Among the 12 climatic variables,July temperature two years prior to seed production and July precipitation after one year had the strongest influence on seed production.The time periods indicated by the two variables corresponded to pollen cone initiation and female gametophyte development.The results will be helpful for developing seed collection plans,selecting new orchard sites with favorable climatic conditions,and investigating the relationships between seed production and climatic factors in related pine species.展开更多
Sesame is the most widely produced oilseed crop with the highest oil content (45.0%–65.0%) in Asia,Africa.The seed contains a high amount of protein (19%–35%),dietary fiber (15%–20%),carbohydrate (14%–20%),polyuns...Sesame is the most widely produced oilseed crop with the highest oil content (45.0%–65.0%) in Asia,Africa.The seed contains a high amount of protein (19%–35%),dietary fiber (15%–20%),carbohydrate (14%–20%),polyunsaturated fatty acids,and micronutrients.It also contains lignans like sesamol,sesamin,and sesamolin,which protect the oil from oxidative rancidity.The seed also provides seed cake with nutritional value after oil extraction,which is used as a biopolymer in the applications of food packaging,bakery,and confectionary industries,as well as in the preparation of edible and coating films.It can replace commercial expanded polystyrene,which is non-biodegradable in nature.Being the richest source of nutrients,sesame seeds and oilseed cakes have been implemented in different food processing industries.The present review focused on the comprehensive study of biochemical compositions,anti-nutrients,phytochemicals,and antioxidants of sesame seeds and seed cakes and their applications in foods industries.展开更多
Seedlessness has always been a valuable quality characteristic of edible grape varieties.Although the production of seedless grapes has been ongoing for decades,the genetic complexity of seedless grapes is not yet ful...Seedlessness has always been a valuable quality characteristic of edible grape varieties.Although the production of seedless grapes has been ongoing for decades,the genetic complexity of seedless grapes is not yet fully understood.Therefore,determining the genetic mechanisms and key regulatory genes of seedless grapes is of great significance for seedless grape breeding and meeting market demands.The emergence of high-throughput analysis software offers greater possibilities for mining genes related to plant organ development.Specifically,to mine a greater number of candidate genes related to grape seed traits,this study used the seed trait parameters analyzed by Tomato Analyzer as the target trait and then used a genome-wide association study(GWAS)to mine candidate genes.In the two-year analysis using principal component analysis(PCA),we extracted five principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 96.586%.The cumulative contribution rate for component 1 reached 87.352%.Correlation analysis revealed correlation coefficients ranging from 0.54 to 0.98 among the seven basic traits.The GWAS results indicated that 370 SNP loci were significantly correlated with seed traits.These SNP loci were distributed on 18 chromosomes,except for chromosome 4,with most SNP loci distributed on chromosome 18.Based on the physical location of single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers significantly associated with seed-related traits in the grape reference genome,candidate genes are screened within the range of linkage disequilibrium(LD)attenuation distance,both upstream and downstream of the significant SNP loci.These candidate genes were mainly transcription factor-related genes(VvMADS4 and VvMADS5),ubiquitin ligase-related genes(E3 ubiquitin ligase BIG BROTHER),serine/threonine protein kinase-related genes,and carbohydrate metabolism-related genes(Sucrose Synthase 2)and simultaneously controlled multiple(at least two or more)seed traits.These results indicate that seed traits are jointly regulated by some genes involved in seed morphology regulation.In this work,we identified new gene loci related to grape seed traits.Identifying molecular markers closely related to these seed traits is of great significance for breeding seedless grape varieties.展开更多
Trifolium repens L.served as the experimental subject to investigate the effects of varying concentrations of Hg and Pb stress on seed germination,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for further research on the...Trifolium repens L.served as the experimental subject to investigate the effects of varying concentrations of Hg and Pb stress on seed germination,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for further research on the remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil utilizing this species.The findings indicated that the germination energy,germination percentage and germination index under 10 mg·L^(-1) Hg treatment were significantly elevated compared to the CK group(P<0.05),with a remarkable germination percentage reaching 97%.Conversely,the germination energy,germination percentage,germination index,vigor index,radicle length,and fresh weight under 200 mg·L^(-1) Hg treatment were substantially lower than those of the CK group(P<0.05).At 100 mg·L^(-1) Pb treatment,the radicle length of Trifolium repens L.was significantly higher than that of the CK group,whereas the 500 mg·L^(-1) Pb treatment resulted in a notable reduction in seed germination energy,germination percentage,germination index,and vigor index compared to the CK group(P<0.05).Under Hg and Pb stress,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)initially increased before declining,while catalase(CAT)activity rose with increasing heavy metal concentrations.Ultrastructure observations of the radicle revealed that 200 mg·L^(-1) Hg inflicted considerable damage to the radicle of Trifolium repens L.,and 500 mg·L^(-1) Pb also harmed root cells,resulting in the dissolution of nucleoli within the nuclear membrane.The results demonstrated that low concentrations of heavy metal also promoted the germination of Trifolium repens L.,while both 200 mg·L^(-1) Hg and 500 mg·L^(-1) Pb significantly inhibited its germination.展开更多
Pinusdensata is one of the main constructive species for coniferous forests in southeast Tibet. P. densata forests are important water conservation forests in the drainage basins of the middle and lower reaches of Yal...Pinusdensata is one of the main constructive species for coniferous forests in southeast Tibet. P. densata forests are important water conservation forests in the drainage basins of the middle and lower reaches of Yalu Tsangpo River, Nyang River and Parlung Zangbo River. In this study, with P. densata forest distributed in southeast Tibet as research object, the seed rain, soil seed bank, seed germination and natural regeneration of P. densata were monitored and ana- lyzed by field investigation, located monitoring and indoor experimental analysis. The results showed that the average intensity of the seed rain of P. densata was 249.30±78.42 seeds/m2, in which the intensity of full seeds was 168.09±56.36 seeds/m2, the intensity of seeds damaged by worms was 41.11±20.25 seeds/m2, and the intensity of empty seeds was 40.10±21.04 seeds/m2. The intensity of the seed rain exhibited a single-peak trend of increasing at first and decreasing then over time. The spatial distribution patterns in the whole seed falling process and at different seed falling time all exhibited clumping distribution, and within in certain range, with the distance from the seed tree increasing, the diffusion intensity of the seed rain was weakened, exhibiting approximately normal distribution. In average density of P. densata seeds in the soil seed bank of P. densata was 231 seeds/m2, in which 62.77% of seeds were distributed in the litter layer, and 37.23% of seeds were distributed in the soil layer, and about 8% of seeds were lost during the pro- cess from seed rain to soil seed bank. Field sowing observation showed that the accumulated germination rate curve of P. densata fitted with Logistics equation y= 91.404/（1＋e66194.449）. The height structure, basal diameter structure and age structure of seedlings and young trees of P. densata were all of reverse ＂J＂ type, indicating good natural regeneration of P. densata. This study would provide a science basis for protection and resource management of P. densata, and further enrich the eval- uation content of national ecological safety curtain of the Tibet plateau.展开更多
In order to investigate the effects of seed rate on root twining power and seedling quality of machine-transplanted super rice cultivars, Yongyou 12 and Zhongzheyou No.l, total 6 seed rates were arranged, and the grow...In order to investigate the effects of seed rate on root twining power and seedling quality of machine-transplanted super rice cultivars, Yongyou 12 and Zhongzheyou No.l, total 6 seed rates were arranged, and the growth characteris- tics, quality and root twining power of machine-transplanted rice seedlings were studied. The results showed that seed rate had great effects on root twining power and qualityof rice seedlings; with the increase of seed rate, the root twining power of rice seedlings was increased, but the quality of rice seedlings was significantly reduced; under the condition of high seed rate, rice seedlings were weak with less accumulate dry matter and nonuniform growth, and the proportion of weak seedlings was higher. When the seed rate of both rice cultivars was reduced by 10 g/tray, the average seedling height was increased by 0.5 cm, leaf age was increased by 0.1, stem base diameter was increased by 0.1 cm, and root number per plant was increased by 0.3. When the seed rate was increased by 10 g/tray, the accumulated dry matter per plant was reduced by 5.1 mg. With the increase of seed rate, the seedling quality of Zhongzheyou No.1 was decreased rapidly, and the proportion of weak seedlings was increased rapidly. However, Yongyou 12 has a larger elasticity in seed rate. When the seed rate reached to 50 g/tray, blanket seedlings of Yongy- ou 12 were nursed with uniform growth and higher quality, but the shoots were sparse with lower leaf area index. However, when the seed rate was up to 50 g/tray, blanket seedlings of Zhongzheyou No.1 were nursed with uniform growth and higher quality, as well as higher-density shoots. From a comprehensive point of view, the optimum seed rates of Yongyou 12 and Zhongzheyou No.1 were 65 and 50 g/tray, respectively.展开更多
Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)is a global oil crop.Salinity stress impedes the growth of rapeseed,especially during seed germination.The key genes mediating salinity stress response during seed germination in B.napus rem...Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)is a global oil crop.Salinity stress impedes the growth of rapeseed,especially during seed germination.The key genes mediating salinity stress response during seed germination in B.napus remain largely unknown.Here,we found that all six paralogs of C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor WIP DOMAIN PROTEIN 2(BnaWIP2)showed increased expression during the initial 12 hours of germination,and expression was further enhanced by salinity stress.Under NaCl treatment,knocking out all six BnaWIP2 paralogs in B.napus led to significantly reduced germination,while overexpression of BnaC06.WIP2 promoted germination.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that BnaC06.WIP2 downregulated a series of genes related to abscisic acid(ABA)biosynthesis and signaling,among which BnaA05.NCED3,BnaC04.ABI5-2,BnaA03.EM6,and BnaA05.EM6 were directly repressed by BnaC06.WIP2.Further analysis showed that in germinating seeds,BnaC06.WIP2 was induced by ABA and in turn restrained ABA production,indicating that BnaC06.WIP2 forms a negative feedback loop with ABA to promote seed germination under salinity stress in B.napus.Collectively,these results enhance our understanding of the novel function of BnaWIP2 and provide valuable genetic resources for breeding salinity-tolerant rapeseed varieties.展开更多
In order to improve the utilization efficiency of hybrid rice seeds, the effects of seed-coating agents on hybrid rice seeds with dehiscent glumes were investigated. Total six kinds of seed-coating agents were selecte...In order to improve the utilization efficiency of hybrid rice seeds, the effects of seed-coating agents on hybrid rice seeds with dehiscent glumes were investigated. Total six kinds of seed-coating agents were selected, i.e., 20.5% imidacloprid ·prochloraz FS, 30.5% imidacloprid oprochloraz FS, 23.0% thiamethoxam · hymexazol·prochloraz FS, Ruisheng WS, Shileshi FS and Liangdun FS, and their effects of seeds of Longliangyou Huazhan and T You 272 were investigated. The results showed that when the percentage of glume-dehiscent seeds reached 10%, 20.5% imidacloprid .prochloraz significantly improved the germination rate of Longliangyou Huazhan, which was 4.33% higher than that in the control group, and the seedling rate of Longliangyou Huazhan remained unchanged; 30.5% imidacloprid. prochloraz did not improved the germination rate of T You 272, but improved its seedling rate, which was 7.66% higher than that in the control group. When the percentage of glume-dehiscent seeds reached 20%, 20.5% imidacloprid ·prochloraz and 30.5% imidacloprid.prochloraz improved the germination rate of T You 272 by 3.50% and 4.83%, respectively, and its seedling rate did not decline. In conclusion, seed-coating agents have certain repair effect on glume-dehiscent rice seeds; 20.5% imidacloprid ·prochloraz and 30.5% imidacloprid ·prochloraz could improve the efficiency of Longliangyou Huazhan and T You 272 with small amounts of glume-dehiscent seeds.展开更多
The photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterility(P/TGMS)system is crucial for hybrid rice production,but challenges persist in seed purity(due to fertility conversion and mixed male seeds)and mechanization.Here,w...The photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterility(P/TGMS)system is crucial for hybrid rice production,but challenges persist in seed purity(due to fertility conversion and mixed male seeds)and mechanization.Here,we developed a novel hybrid seed production scheme using herbicide-resistance alleles(OsALS and CYP81A6).P/TGMS lines were bred for imazamox sensitivity and bentazon resistance,while male parents were engineered for the opposite traits.This system enables mechanical harvesting and ensures hybrid purity by eliminating self-pollinated contaminants through herbicide application.We identified suitable sterile lines and developed complementary male parents via breeding and CRISPR/Cas9 editing,validated through herbicide assays.This strategy enhances hybrid seed purity and mechanization efficiency in two-line hybrid rice production.展开更多
The stimulative effect of trace elements on seed germination and seedling growth of Pinus tabulaeformis was tested. The experiments were carried out on seed soak and topdressing with different trace elements and varie...The stimulative effect of trace elements on seed germination and seedling growth of Pinus tabulaeformis was tested. The experiments were carried out on seed soak and topdressing with different trace elements and varied concentrations at the nursery of Gardens Research Institute, Harbin, in 2000-2001. The experimental results showed that soaking seed with 1% and 0.2% concentrations of Mn element produced best result for seed germination, and the germination rate was increased by 9%~19% for the seeds treated with 1% concentration and 12%~14% for the seeds treated with 0.2% concentration compared with the control group. The seeds treated with boron element had lowest germination rate. For trace element topdressing, Mn and Mo elements presented good result for seedling growth and the treatment with low concentration was even better. The height or chlorophyll content of the seedlings with spray of low-concentration Mn and Mo element was much higher than that of untreated ones. In the contrast to the treating method of seed soak, topdressing (application of spraying on foliage) had evident effect on seedling growth.展开更多
文摘探讨基于“三全育人”教育理念的护理本科生SEED数字化学风建设,即以学风(style of study)建设为核心,教育(education)为驱动,在线学习(e-learning)为衔接,数字化(digitization)手段为支撑。通过数字化技术整合教育资源,优化学生的学习行为,推动全员参与、全过程管理和全方位覆盖的学风建设模式,以提升护理本科生的学习投入度和信息素养为主要目标,为护理教育提供新的实践路径。
文摘A study was conducted to determine the physiological characteristics changes of Aesculus chinensis seeds during natural dehydration in 2003. The results showed that A. chinensis seeds were recalcitrant with being highly desiccation-sensitive. The seed moisture content of fresh fruits was higher than 60%. When the seeds were naturally dried for 30 days, their moisture content declined to 30.2% and their viability was completely lost. The seed germination percentage had a small increase at the beginning of desiccation and then decreased rapidly. The relative electrical conductivity of the A. chinensis seeds increased along with a decrease in seed moisture content. However, there was an abnormal increase in relative electrical conductivity when the seed moisture content was between 53.7% and 50.9%. Superoxide dismutase （SOD） activity decreased rapidly in the period of desiccation except for an abnormality when the seed moisture content was between 53.7% and 50.9%. Malondialdehyde （MDA） content increased slowly at the early stage of desiccation and then rose rapidly after the moisture content was below 50.9%. The soluble sugar content in seeds slowly increased with the increasing period of desiccation. The seed germination percentage was at the high level when seed moisture content was in range of 47%- 60%, which suggests that this was the optimum moisture content for maintaining A. chinensis seed viability.
基金supported by the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research(STEP)program(2019QZKK0502 to H.S.)the Yunnan Applied Basic Research Project(202001AT070060 to J.G.C.)+1 种基金the CAS“Light ofWest China”Program(J.G.C.)the Young Academic and Technical Leader Raising Foundation of Yunnan Province(202205AC160053 to J.G.C.).
文摘Population shrinkage of alpine cushion plants with ongoing climate warming has been empirically confirmed.Since cushion plants play important roles in sustaining alpine plant community and ecosystem functions,their population dynamics may directly influence the future alpine ecosystems.However,little is known about how climate warming affect cushion population recruitment,especially at early life-history stages.In this study,we conducted a laboratory simulation of climate warming to detect the effects of warming temperature and associated moisture and light changes on seed germination and seedling growth of the typical alpine cushion plant Arenaria oreophila.Results suggested that increasing temperature indeed exerted strong constraints on the population recruitment processes.Specifically,increased temperatures could quickly initialize seed germination(4e6 days at higher temperatures vs.29 e32 days at low temperature,respectively,after sowing),accelerate them to reach the maximum germination percentage(9e19 days at higher temperatures vs.57e86 days at low temperature,respectively,after sowing)and significantly accelerate seedling growth rate.However,higher temperatures accelerated seedling mortality(more than 80%).In addition,lower light availability also increased seedling mortality though it could generally increase the final seed germination percentage.The effects of water might be dependent on temperature and light.All results suggested that cushion A.oreophila is quite sensitive to climate warming which strongly constrains its seedling establishment process.We,therefore,speculate that the continuing climate warming in future will exert uncertain risks in the persistence of cushion A.oreophila,possibly by constraining the process of seedling recruitments.
文摘The Chandipura vesiculovirus(CHPV),a single-stranded,negative sense RNA arbovirus with five structural proteins-the G,N,M,P,and L proteins-is the source of Chandipura virus infection.Children between the ages of 9 months and 14 years old are the most common recipients of CHPV infection,which is primarily spread by sand flies(Sergentomyia,Phlebotomus species).The potential advantages of black seeds(N.sativa)in the treatment of patients with CHPV infection are the main topic of our current review.The majority of patients infected with CHPV experience neurological complications such as encephalitis and other neurological complications.Since there is currently no approved antiviral treatment,supportive care and symptomatic therapy are the primary methods used to manage CHPV-infected patients.Herbal candidates possessing antioxidant,immunomodulatory,antiviral,and anti-inflammatory qualities may aid in the treatment of CHPV infection.The antiviral,anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,and immunomodulatory qualities of black seeds(N.sativa)have been shown in a number of preclinical and clinical investigations;these attributes could be helpful in the treatment of CHPV infection.Black seeds(N.sativa)may help treat CHPV-infected patients in the early stages of their illness when used in conjunction with symptomatic therapy and supportive care.In patients infected with CHPV,additional randomized controlled clinical trials would assess the efficacy and safety of black seeds(N.sativa).
基金support from the project of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine 2-24-26 BO Development of Measures to Ensure Sustainable Productivity of Agrophytocenoses under the Influence of Abiotic and Biotic Stress Factors,state registration No.0124U000457.
文摘β-Aminobutyric acid(BABA)is a physiologically active plant compound that has not been extensively studied.It has been shown to increase resistance to biotic and abiotic stress factors and enhance seed germination in certain plant species.However,its effects on cereal grains with low germination rates have not yet been studied.This study investigated the effects of BABA on the germination of aged triticale seeds,the metabolite content of seedlings,and the state of their antioxidant systems.The study found that a three-hour treatment of seeds in BABA solutions at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 1.0 mM increased germination energy and germination(by 10%–14%)and enhanced the accumulation of shoot and root biomass(by 17%–26%).Additionally,amylase activity increased in the grains,and the accumulation of osmolytes(sugars and proline)increased in the shoots.The content of anthocyanins in shoots increased by almost twofold,and the activity of antioxidant enzymes(superoxide dismutase,catalase,and guaiacol peroxidase)increased by approximately 20%–30%.Simultaneously,BABA seed priming caused a noticeable decrease in the levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation products in the shoots of seedlings.The conclusion was made that the use of BABA as a bioregulator has the potential to enhance the germination of seeds with low sowing qualities.This is due to the ability of BABA to activate the metabolism of reserve substances in the grain and prevent the development of oxidative stress.
基金supported by the Yunnan Ten Thousand Talents Plan Young&Elite Talents Project(YNWR-QNBJ-2018-017)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371564)+2 种基金the Key Project of Basic Research of Yunnan Province,China(202101AS070035202301AS070001)to G.ChenYunnan Provincial Science and Technology Talent and Platform Plan(202305AM070005).
文摘Mimetic seeds attract birds to disperse seeds mainly by mimicking fleshy fruits or arillate seeds,however,they provide little nutritive reward for bird dispersers.The key characteristics of mimetic seeds are conspicuous seed color,hard seed coat,certain toxic secondary metabolites,and perhaps smooth waxy layer.In this review,we discuss the global distribution of mimetic seeds,the interaction of mimetic seeds with bird dispersers,and secondary metabolites that underlie key characteristics of mimetic seeds.Mimetic-seed species mainly occur in the tropics,with large numbers distributed along coastal areas.The interaction between mimetic-seed species and bird dispersers can be antagonistic,mutualistic,or both.These interactions are generally established by conspicuous visual cues and hard tactile cues from mimetic seeds.The formation and variation of key characteristics of mimetic seeds may contribute to the metabolism of several kind of secondary compounds.Here,we also discuss mimetic-seed dispersal in the context of an evolutionary game,and propose several aspects of mimetic-seed dispersal that remain unstudied.While this review is based on preliminary findings and does not account for other potential influencing factors such as climate,it is expected to contribute to an improved understanding of mimetic-seed dispersal.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171533 and 31971444)Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2208085J28).
文摘Seed dispersal is a pivotal process in seed plant life cycle,owing to its effects on seed germination,seedling survival,population recruitment,and diversity maintenance in the entire community(Howe and Smallwood,1982;Rogers et al.,2021).There are diverse dispersal modes,such as anemochory(wind-driven dispersal),hydrochory(water-mediated dispersal),autochory(self-dispersal),and zoochory,which relies on a diverse array of animals for seed dispersal(Howe and Smallwood,1982).It is widely known that these varying dispersal modes impose selective pressures on many seed and fruit traits,especially the seed size,a key trait which is associated with multiple stages of the life cycle of plants,such as dispersal,germination,and establishment,particularly during early development(Leishman et al.,2000).
基金the Indian Council of Agriculture Research-National Agriculture Higher Education Program(No.A4/003026/2023)to carry out this work during the international faculty training program at Nanyang Technological University,Singapore,under the Institution Development Plan.
文摘Cotton,a crucial commercial fibre crop,depends heavily on seed-associated characteristics like germination rate,vigour,and resistance to post-harvest deterioration for both production and lint quality.Serious cellular damage dur-ing post-harvest processes such as delinting,prolonged seedling emergence periods,decreased viability,increased susceptibility to infections,and lipid peroxidation during storage pose serious problems to seed quality.The perfor-mance of seeds and total crop productivity are adversely affected by these problems.Traditional methods of seed improvement,like physical scarification and seed priming,have demonstrated promise in raising cotton seed vigour and germination rates.Furthermore,modern approaches including plasma therapies,magnetic water treatments,and nanotechnology-based treatments have shown promise in improving seed quality and reducing environmen-tal stresses.By offering sustainable substitutes for conventional approaches,these cutting-edge procedures lessen the need for fungicides and other agrochemicals that pollute the environment.This review explores various con-ventional and emerging strategies to address the detrimental factors impacting cotton seed quality.It emphasizes the importance of integrating classical and advanced approaches to enhance germination,ensure robust crop estab-lishment,and achieve higher yields.In addition to promoting sustainable cotton production,this kind of integration helps preserve the ecosystem and create resilient farming methods.
基金supported by the Key-Area Research and Development Program of Guangdong Province,China(2022B0202060006)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32201838,32272157,32172052,and 31971995)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province,China(2023A1515012052)the Project of Sanya Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City,China(SCKJJYRC-2022-87)the Double First-class Discipline Promotion Project,China(2021B10564001)
文摘Seed aging tolerance during storage is generally an important trait for crop production, yet the role of small auxin-up RNA genes in conferring seed aging tolerance is largely unknown in rice. In this study, one small auxin-up RNA gene, OsSAUR33, was found to be involved in the regulation of seed aging tolerance in rice. The expression of OsSAUR33 was significantly induced in aged seeds compared with unaged seeds during the seed germination phase. Accordingly, the disruption of OsSAUR33 significantly reduced seed vigor compared to the wild type(WT) in response to natural storage or artificial aging treatments. The rice OsSAUR33 gene promotes the vigor of aged seeds by enhancing their reactive oxygen species(ROS) level during seed germination, and the accumulation of ROS was significantly delayed in the aged seeds of Ossaur33 mutants in comparison with WT during seed germination. Hydrogen peroxide(H_(2)O_(2)) treatments promoted the vigor of aged seeds in various rice varieties. Our results provide timely theoretical and technical insights for the trait improvement of seed aging tolerance in rice.
基金supported by the National Institute of Forest Sciencethe R&D Program for Forest Science Technology (No.2022458B10-2224-0201) of the Korea Forest Service
文摘Pinus densiflora is a pine species native to the Korean peninsula,and seed orchards have supplied mate-rial needed for afforestation in South Korea.Climate vari-ables affecting seed production have not been identified.The purpose of this study was to determine climate variables that influence annual seed production of two seed orchards using multiple linear regression(MLR),elastic net regres-sion(ENR)and partial least square regression(PLSR)mod-els.The PLSR model included 12 climatic variables from 2003 to 2020 and explained 74.3%of the total variation in seed production.It showed better predictive performance(R2=0.662)than the EN(0.516)and the MLR(0.366)mod-els.Among the 12 climatic variables,July temperature two years prior to seed production and July precipitation after one year had the strongest influence on seed production.The time periods indicated by the two variables corresponded to pollen cone initiation and female gametophyte development.The results will be helpful for developing seed collection plans,selecting new orchard sites with favorable climatic conditions,and investigating the relationships between seed production and climatic factors in related pine species.
文摘Sesame is the most widely produced oilseed crop with the highest oil content (45.0%–65.0%) in Asia,Africa.The seed contains a high amount of protein (19%–35%),dietary fiber (15%–20%),carbohydrate (14%–20%),polyunsaturated fatty acids,and micronutrients.It also contains lignans like sesamol,sesamin,and sesamolin,which protect the oil from oxidative rancidity.The seed also provides seed cake with nutritional value after oil extraction,which is used as a biopolymer in the applications of food packaging,bakery,and confectionary industries,as well as in the preparation of edible and coating films.It can replace commercial expanded polystyrene,which is non-biodegradable in nature.Being the richest source of nutrients,sesame seeds and oilseed cakes have been implemented in different food processing industries.The present review focused on the comprehensive study of biochemical compositions,anti-nutrients,phytochemicals,and antioxidants of sesame seeds and seed cakes and their applications in foods industries.
基金supported by grants from the Basic Research Business Fees for Public Welfare in Xinjiang Autonomous Region(Mining candidate genes related to grape seed traits based on GWAS,KY2023028)the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Tianchi Talent-Young Doctor for Chuan Zhang(Revealing the domestication history of Xinjiang native grape varieties and genetic analysis of important agronomic traits)the Xinjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Youth Science and Technology Backbone Innovation Ability Training Project(xjnkq-2023006).
文摘Seedlessness has always been a valuable quality characteristic of edible grape varieties.Although the production of seedless grapes has been ongoing for decades,the genetic complexity of seedless grapes is not yet fully understood.Therefore,determining the genetic mechanisms and key regulatory genes of seedless grapes is of great significance for seedless grape breeding and meeting market demands.The emergence of high-throughput analysis software offers greater possibilities for mining genes related to plant organ development.Specifically,to mine a greater number of candidate genes related to grape seed traits,this study used the seed trait parameters analyzed by Tomato Analyzer as the target trait and then used a genome-wide association study(GWAS)to mine candidate genes.In the two-year analysis using principal component analysis(PCA),we extracted five principal components with a cumulative contribution rate of 96.586%.The cumulative contribution rate for component 1 reached 87.352%.Correlation analysis revealed correlation coefficients ranging from 0.54 to 0.98 among the seven basic traits.The GWAS results indicated that 370 SNP loci were significantly correlated with seed traits.These SNP loci were distributed on 18 chromosomes,except for chromosome 4,with most SNP loci distributed on chromosome 18.Based on the physical location of single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP)markers significantly associated with seed-related traits in the grape reference genome,candidate genes are screened within the range of linkage disequilibrium(LD)attenuation distance,both upstream and downstream of the significant SNP loci.These candidate genes were mainly transcription factor-related genes(VvMADS4 and VvMADS5),ubiquitin ligase-related genes(E3 ubiquitin ligase BIG BROTHER),serine/threonine protein kinase-related genes,and carbohydrate metabolism-related genes(Sucrose Synthase 2)and simultaneously controlled multiple(at least two or more)seed traits.These results indicate that seed traits are jointly regulated by some genes involved in seed morphology regulation.In this work,we identified new gene loci related to grape seed traits.Identifying molecular markers closely related to these seed traits is of great significance for breeding seedless grape varieties.
基金Supported by the National Grass Industry Technology Innovation Center,Major Innovation Platform Construction Project(Topic CCPTZX2023N04CCPTZX2024GJ01–1–2)+2 种基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2023YFD1200302)the Joint Key Project of Natural Science Foundation of Heilongjiang Province(ZL2024C018)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32471760)。
文摘Trifolium repens L.served as the experimental subject to investigate the effects of varying concentrations of Hg and Pb stress on seed germination,thereby providing a theoretical foundation for further research on the remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil utilizing this species.The findings indicated that the germination energy,germination percentage and germination index under 10 mg·L^(-1) Hg treatment were significantly elevated compared to the CK group(P<0.05),with a remarkable germination percentage reaching 97%.Conversely,the germination energy,germination percentage,germination index,vigor index,radicle length,and fresh weight under 200 mg·L^(-1) Hg treatment were substantially lower than those of the CK group(P<0.05).At 100 mg·L^(-1) Pb treatment,the radicle length of Trifolium repens L.was significantly higher than that of the CK group,whereas the 500 mg·L^(-1) Pb treatment resulted in a notable reduction in seed germination energy,germination percentage,germination index,and vigor index compared to the CK group(P<0.05).Under Hg and Pb stress,the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)initially increased before declining,while catalase(CAT)activity rose with increasing heavy metal concentrations.Ultrastructure observations of the radicle revealed that 200 mg·L^(-1) Hg inflicted considerable damage to the radicle of Trifolium repens L.,and 500 mg·L^(-1) Pb also harmed root cells,resulting in the dissolution of nucleoli within the nuclear membrane.The results demonstrated that low concentrations of heavy metal also promoted the germination of Trifolium repens L.,while both 200 mg·L^(-1) Hg and 500 mg·L^(-1) Pb significantly inhibited its germination.
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(31460200)Natural Science Foundation of Tibet Autonomous Region(2016ZR-15-40)~~
文摘Pinusdensata is one of the main constructive species for coniferous forests in southeast Tibet. P. densata forests are important water conservation forests in the drainage basins of the middle and lower reaches of Yalu Tsangpo River, Nyang River and Parlung Zangbo River. In this study, with P. densata forest distributed in southeast Tibet as research object, the seed rain, soil seed bank, seed germination and natural regeneration of P. densata were monitored and ana- lyzed by field investigation, located monitoring and indoor experimental analysis. The results showed that the average intensity of the seed rain of P. densata was 249.30±78.42 seeds/m2, in which the intensity of full seeds was 168.09±56.36 seeds/m2, the intensity of seeds damaged by worms was 41.11±20.25 seeds/m2, and the intensity of empty seeds was 40.10±21.04 seeds/m2. The intensity of the seed rain exhibited a single-peak trend of increasing at first and decreasing then over time. The spatial distribution patterns in the whole seed falling process and at different seed falling time all exhibited clumping distribution, and within in certain range, with the distance from the seed tree increasing, the diffusion intensity of the seed rain was weakened, exhibiting approximately normal distribution. In average density of P. densata seeds in the soil seed bank of P. densata was 231 seeds/m2, in which 62.77% of seeds were distributed in the litter layer, and 37.23% of seeds were distributed in the soil layer, and about 8% of seeds were lost during the pro- cess from seed rain to soil seed bank. Field sowing observation showed that the accumulated germination rate curve of P. densata fitted with Logistics equation y= 91.404/（1＋e66194.449）. The height structure, basal diameter structure and age structure of seedlings and young trees of P. densata were all of reverse ＂J＂ type, indicating good natural regeneration of P. densata. This study would provide a science basis for protection and resource management of P. densata, and further enrich the eval- uation content of national ecological safety curtain of the Tibet plateau.
基金Supported by National Rice Industry Technology System(CARS-01-04A)National Key Technology Research and Development Program(2012BAD07B02)+1 种基金Ministry of Science and Technology’s Special Fund for Technology Development and Research of Research Institutes(2013EG134237)National Nonprofit Institute Research Grant of CATAS-TCGRI(2012RG005-3)~~
文摘In order to investigate the effects of seed rate on root twining power and seedling quality of machine-transplanted super rice cultivars, Yongyou 12 and Zhongzheyou No.l, total 6 seed rates were arranged, and the growth characteris- tics, quality and root twining power of machine-transplanted rice seedlings were studied. The results showed that seed rate had great effects on root twining power and qualityof rice seedlings; with the increase of seed rate, the root twining power of rice seedlings was increased, but the quality of rice seedlings was significantly reduced; under the condition of high seed rate, rice seedlings were weak with less accumulate dry matter and nonuniform growth, and the proportion of weak seedlings was higher. When the seed rate of both rice cultivars was reduced by 10 g/tray, the average seedling height was increased by 0.5 cm, leaf age was increased by 0.1, stem base diameter was increased by 0.1 cm, and root number per plant was increased by 0.3. When the seed rate was increased by 10 g/tray, the accumulated dry matter per plant was reduced by 5.1 mg. With the increase of seed rate, the seedling quality of Zhongzheyou No.1 was decreased rapidly, and the proportion of weak seedlings was increased rapidly. However, Yongyou 12 has a larger elasticity in seed rate. When the seed rate reached to 50 g/tray, blanket seedlings of Yongy- ou 12 were nursed with uniform growth and higher quality, but the shoots were sparse with lower leaf area index. However, when the seed rate was up to 50 g/tray, blanket seedlings of Zhongzheyou No.1 were nursed with uniform growth and higher quality, as well as higher-density shoots. From a comprehensive point of view, the optimum seed rates of Yongyou 12 and Zhongzheyou No.1 were 65 and 50 g/tray, respectively.
基金supported by the Biological Breeding-National Science and Technology Major Project(2022ZD04010)Scientific and Technological Innovation Team of Shaanxi Province(2024RS-CXTD-69)+1 种基金Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province(2021LLRH-07)a grant from the Yang Ling Seed Industry Innovation Center(K3031122024).
文摘Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)is a global oil crop.Salinity stress impedes the growth of rapeseed,especially during seed germination.The key genes mediating salinity stress response during seed germination in B.napus remain largely unknown.Here,we found that all six paralogs of C2H2 zinc finger transcription factor WIP DOMAIN PROTEIN 2(BnaWIP2)showed increased expression during the initial 12 hours of germination,and expression was further enhanced by salinity stress.Under NaCl treatment,knocking out all six BnaWIP2 paralogs in B.napus led to significantly reduced germination,while overexpression of BnaC06.WIP2 promoted germination.Transcriptomic analysis revealed that BnaC06.WIP2 downregulated a series of genes related to abscisic acid(ABA)biosynthesis and signaling,among which BnaA05.NCED3,BnaC04.ABI5-2,BnaA03.EM6,and BnaA05.EM6 were directly repressed by BnaC06.WIP2.Further analysis showed that in germinating seeds,BnaC06.WIP2 was induced by ABA and in turn restrained ABA production,indicating that BnaC06.WIP2 forms a negative feedback loop with ABA to promote seed germination under salinity stress in B.napus.Collectively,these results enhance our understanding of the novel function of BnaWIP2 and provide valuable genetic resources for breeding salinity-tolerant rapeseed varieties.
基金Supported by Production-study-research Cooperation Projects of Hunan University of Humanities(2014CXY06,2013CXY04)Industrial Incubation Projects for Universities and Colleges of Hunan Province(13CY030)~~
文摘In order to improve the utilization efficiency of hybrid rice seeds, the effects of seed-coating agents on hybrid rice seeds with dehiscent glumes were investigated. Total six kinds of seed-coating agents were selected, i.e., 20.5% imidacloprid ·prochloraz FS, 30.5% imidacloprid oprochloraz FS, 23.0% thiamethoxam · hymexazol·prochloraz FS, Ruisheng WS, Shileshi FS and Liangdun FS, and their effects of seeds of Longliangyou Huazhan and T You 272 were investigated. The results showed that when the percentage of glume-dehiscent seeds reached 10%, 20.5% imidacloprid .prochloraz significantly improved the germination rate of Longliangyou Huazhan, which was 4.33% higher than that in the control group, and the seedling rate of Longliangyou Huazhan remained unchanged; 30.5% imidacloprid. prochloraz did not improved the germination rate of T You 272, but improved its seedling rate, which was 7.66% higher than that in the control group. When the percentage of glume-dehiscent seeds reached 20%, 20.5% imidacloprid ·prochloraz and 30.5% imidacloprid.prochloraz improved the germination rate of T You 272 by 3.50% and 4.83%, respectively, and its seedling rate did not decline. In conclusion, seed-coating agents have certain repair effect on glume-dehiscent rice seeds; 20.5% imidacloprid ·prochloraz and 30.5% imidacloprid ·prochloraz could improve the efficiency of Longliangyou Huazhan and T You 272 with small amounts of glume-dehiscent seeds.
基金supported by the Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory,China(Grant No.ZSBBL-KY2023-07)the Jiangsu Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Fund,China(Grant No.CX(22)3138)+1 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.32101736,32002124)the Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program,China(Grant No.BE2021360-2).
文摘The photoperiod/thermo-sensitive genic male sterility(P/TGMS)system is crucial for hybrid rice production,but challenges persist in seed purity(due to fertility conversion and mixed male seeds)and mechanization.Here,we developed a novel hybrid seed production scheme using herbicide-resistance alleles(OsALS and CYP81A6).P/TGMS lines were bred for imazamox sensitivity and bentazon resistance,while male parents were engineered for the opposite traits.This system enables mechanical harvesting and ensures hybrid purity by eliminating self-pollinated contaminants through herbicide application.We identified suitable sterile lines and developed complementary male parents via breeding and CRISPR/Cas9 editing,validated through herbicide assays.This strategy enhances hybrid seed purity and mechanization efficiency in two-line hybrid rice production.
文摘The stimulative effect of trace elements on seed germination and seedling growth of Pinus tabulaeformis was tested. The experiments were carried out on seed soak and topdressing with different trace elements and varied concentrations at the nursery of Gardens Research Institute, Harbin, in 2000-2001. The experimental results showed that soaking seed with 1% and 0.2% concentrations of Mn element produced best result for seed germination, and the germination rate was increased by 9%~19% for the seeds treated with 1% concentration and 12%~14% for the seeds treated with 0.2% concentration compared with the control group. The seeds treated with boron element had lowest germination rate. For trace element topdressing, Mn and Mo elements presented good result for seedling growth and the treatment with low concentration was even better. The height or chlorophyll content of the seedlings with spray of low-concentration Mn and Mo element was much higher than that of untreated ones. In the contrast to the treating method of seed soak, topdressing (application of spraying on foliage) had evident effect on seedling growth.
