Today, the demand for security software is Six Sigma quality, i.e. practically zero-defects. A practical and stochastic method is proposed for a Six Sigma security software quality management. Monte Carlo Simulation i...Today, the demand for security software is Six Sigma quality, i.e. practically zero-defects. A practical and stochastic method is proposed for a Six Sigma security software quality management. Monte Carlo Simulation is used in a Six Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) approach to security software testing. This elaboration used a published real project’s data from the final product testing lasted for 15 weeks, after which the product was delivered. The experiment utilised the first 12 weeks’ data to allow the results verification on the actual data from the last three weeks. A hypothetical testing project was applied, supposed to be completed in 15 weeks. The product due-date was Week 16 with zero-defects quality assurance aim. The testing project was analysed at the end of the 12th week with three weeks of testing remaining. Running a Monte Carlo Simulation with data from the first 12 weeks produced results which indicated that the product would not be able to meet its due-date with the desired zero-defects quality. To quantify an improvement, another simulation was run to find when zero-defects would be achieved. Simulation predicted that zero-defects would be achieved in week 35 with 56% probability, and there would be 82 defects from Weeks 16 - 35. Therefore, to meet the quality goals, either more resources should be allocated to the project, or the deadline for the project should be moved to Week 36. The paper concluded that utilising Monte Carlo Simulations in a Six Sigma DMAIC structured framework is better than conventional approaches using static analysis methods. When the simulation results were compared to the actual data, it was found to be accurate within ﹣3.5% to +1.3%. This approach helps to improve software quality and achieve the zero-defects quality assurance goal, while assigning quality confidence levels to scheduled product releases.展开更多
Software security poses substantial risks to our society because software has become part of our life. Numerous techniques have been proposed to resolve or mitigate the impact of software security issues. Among them, ...Software security poses substantial risks to our society because software has become part of our life. Numerous techniques have been proposed to resolve or mitigate the impact of software security issues. Among them, software testing and analysis are two of the critical methods, which significantly benefit from the advancements in deep learning technologies. Due to the successful use of deep learning in software security, recently,researchers have explored the potential of using large language models(LLMs) in this area. In this paper, we systematically review the results focusing on LLMs in software security. We analyze the topics of fuzzing, unit test, program repair, bug reproduction, data-driven bug detection, and bug triage. We deconstruct these techniques into several stages and analyze how LLMs can be used in the stages. We also discuss the future directions of using LLMs in software security, including the future directions for the existing use of LLMs and extensions from conventional deep learning research.展开更多
Software-related security aspects are a growing and legitimate concern,especially with 5G data available just at our palms.To conduct research in this field,periodic comparative analysis is needed with the new techniq...Software-related security aspects are a growing and legitimate concern,especially with 5G data available just at our palms.To conduct research in this field,periodic comparative analysis is needed with the new techniques coming up rapidly.The purpose of this study is to review the recent developments in the field of security integration in the software development lifecycle(SDLC)by analyzing the articles published in the last two decades and to propose a way forward.This review follows Kitchenham’s review protocol.The review has been divided into three main stages including planning,execution,and analysis.From the selected 100 articles,it becomes evident that need of a collaborative approach is necessary for addressing critical software security risks(CSSRs)through effective risk management/estimation techniques.Quantifying risks using a numeric scale enables a comprehensive understanding of their severity,facilitating focused resource allocation and mitigation efforts.Through a comprehensive understanding of potential vulnerabilities and proactive mitigation efforts facilitated by protection poker,organizations can prioritize resources effectively to ensure the successful outcome of projects and initiatives in today’s dynamic threat landscape.The review reveals that threat analysis and security testing are needed to develop automated tools for the future.Accurate estimation of effort required to prioritize potential security risks is a big challenge in software security.The accuracy of effort estimation can be further improved by exploring new techniques,particularly those involving deep learning.It is also imperative to validate these effort estimation methods to ensure all potential security threats are addressed.Another challenge is selecting the right model for each specific security threat.To achieve a comprehensive evaluation,researchers should use well-known benchmark checklists.展开更多
In response to the current gaps in ef-fective proactive defense methods within applica-tion security and the limited integration of security components with applications,this paper proposes a biomimetic security model...In response to the current gaps in ef-fective proactive defense methods within applica-tion security and the limited integration of security components with applications,this paper proposes a biomimetic security model,called NeuroShield,specifically designed for web applications.Inspired by the“perception-strategy-effect-feedback”mechanism of the human nervous control system,the model inte-grates biomimetic elements akin of neural receptors and effectors into applications.This integration fa-cilitates a multifaceted approach to security:enabling data introspection for detailed perception and regula-tion of application behavior,providing proactive de-fense capabilities to detect and block security risks in real-time,and incorporating feedback optimization to continuously adjust and enhance security strategies based on prevailing conditions.Experimental results affirm the efficacy of this neural control mechanism-based biomimetic security model,demonstrating a proactive defense success rate exceeding 95%,thereby offering a theoretical and structural foundation for biomimetic immunity in web applications.展开更多
Security is critical to the success of software,particularly in today’s fast-paced,technology-driven environment.It ensures that data,code,and services maintain their CIA(Confidentiality,Integrity,and Availability).T...Security is critical to the success of software,particularly in today’s fast-paced,technology-driven environment.It ensures that data,code,and services maintain their CIA(Confidentiality,Integrity,and Availability).This is only possible if security is taken into account at all stages of the SDLC(Software Development Life Cycle).Various approaches to software quality have been developed,such as CMMI(Capabilitymaturitymodel integration).However,there exists no explicit solution for incorporating security into all phases of SDLC.One of the major causes of pervasive vulnerabilities is a failure to prioritize security.Even the most proactive companies use the“patch and penetrate”strategy,inwhich security is accessed once the job is completed.Increased cost,time overrun,not integrating testing and input in SDLC,usage of third-party tools and components,and lack of knowledge are all reasons for not paying attention to the security angle during the SDLC,despite the fact that secure software development is essential for business continuity and survival in today’s ICT world.There is a need to implement best practices in SDLC to address security at all levels.To fill this gap,we have provided a detailed overview of secure software development practices while taking care of project costs and deadlines.We proposed a secure SDLC framework based on the identified practices,which integrates the best security practices in various SDLC phases.A mathematical model is used to validate the proposed framework.A case study and findings show that the proposed system aids in the integration of security best practices into the overall SDLC,resulting in more secure applications.展开更多
Design architecture is the edifice that strengthens the functionalities as well as the security of web applications.In order to facilitate architectural security from the web application’s design phase itself,practit...Design architecture is the edifice that strengthens the functionalities as well as the security of web applications.In order to facilitate architectural security from the web application’s design phase itself,practitioners are now adopting the novel mechanism of security tactics.With the intent to conduct a research from the perspective of security tactics,the present study employs a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making approach named fuzzy analytic hierarchy process-technique for order preference by similarity ideal solution(AHP-TOPSIS)method for selecting and assessing multi-criteria decisions.The adopted methodology is a blend of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(fuzzy AHP)and fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity ideal solution(fuzzy TOPSIS).To establish the efficacy of this methodology,the results are obtained after the evaluation have been tested on fifteen different web application projects(Online Quiz competition,Entrance Test,and others)of the Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University,Lucknow,India.The tabulated outcomes demonstrate that the methodology of the Multi-Level Fuzzy Hybrid system is highly effective in providing accurate estimation for strengthening the security of web applications.The proposed study will help experts and developers in developing and managing security from any web application design phase for better accuracy and higher security.展开更多
A software security testing behavior model,SETAM,was proposed in our previous work as the integrated model for describing software security testing requirements behavior,which is not only compatible with security func...A software security testing behavior model,SETAM,was proposed in our previous work as the integrated model for describing software security testing requirements behavior,which is not only compatible with security functions and latent typical misuse behaviors,but also with the interaction of them.In this paper,we analyze the differences between SETAM with security use case and security misuse case in different types of security test requirements.To illustrate the effectiveness of SETAM,we compare them in a practical case study by the number of test cases and the number of faults detected by them.The results show that SETAM could decrease about 34.87%use cases on average,and the number of faults detected by SETAM increased by 71.67%in average,which means that our model can detect more faults with fewer test cases for software security testing.展开更多
In recent years,the rapid development of computer software has led to numerous security problems,particularly software vulnerabilities.These flaws can cause significant harm to users’privacy and property.Current secu...In recent years,the rapid development of computer software has led to numerous security problems,particularly software vulnerabilities.These flaws can cause significant harm to users’privacy and property.Current security defect detection technology relies on manual or professional reasoning,leading to missed detection and high false detection rates.Artificial intelligence technology has led to the development of neural network models based on machine learning or deep learning to intelligently mine holes,reducing missed alarms and false alarms.So,this project aims to study Java source code defect detection methods for defects like null pointer reference exception,XSS(Transform),and Structured Query Language(SQL)injection.Also,the project uses open-source Javalang to translate the Java source code,conducts a deep search on the AST to obtain the empty syntax feature library,and converts the Java source code into a dependency graph.The feature vector is then used as the learning target for the neural network.Four types of Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN),Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM),Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory(BiLSTM),and Attention Mechanism+Bidirectional LSTM,are used to investigate various code defects,including blank pointer reference exception,XSS,and SQL injection defects.Experimental results show that the attention mechanism in two-dimensional BLSTM is the most effective for object recognition,verifying the correctness of the method.展开更多
In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape,web application security has become paramount as organizations face increasingly sophisticated cyber threats.This work presents a comprehensive methodology for implementi...In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape,web application security has become paramount as organizations face increasingly sophisticated cyber threats.This work presents a comprehensive methodology for implementing robust security measures in modern web applications and the proof of the Methodology applied to Vue.js,Spring Boot,and MySQL architecture.The proposed approach addresses critical security challenges through a multi-layered framework that encompasses essential security dimensions including multi-factor authentication,fine-grained authorization controls,sophisticated session management,data confidentiality and integrity protection,secure logging mechanisms,comprehensive error handling,high availability strategies,advanced input validation,and security headers implementation.Significant contributions are made to the field of web application security.First,a detailed catalogue of security requirements specifically tailored to protect web applications against contemporary threats,backed by rigorous analysis and industry best practices.Second,the methodology is validated through a carefully designed proof-of-concept implementation in a controlled environment,demonstrating the practical effectiveness of the security measures.The validation process employs cutting-edge static and dynamic analysis tools for comprehensive dependency validation and vulnerability detection,ensuring robust security coverage.The validation results confirm the prevention and avoidance of security vulnerabilities of the methodology.A key innovation of this work is the seamless integration of DevSecOps practices throughout the secure Software Development Life Cycle(SSDLC),creating a security-first mindset from initial design to deployment.By combining proactive secure coding practices with defensive security approaches,a framework is established that not only strengthens application security but also fosters a culture of security awareness within development teams.This hybrid approach ensures that security considerations are woven into every aspect of the development process,rather than being treated as an afterthought.展开更多
Memory-unsafe programming languages,such as C/C++,are often used to develop system programs,rendering the programs susceptible to a variety of memory corruption attacks.Among these threats,just-in-time return-oriented...Memory-unsafe programming languages,such as C/C++,are often used to develop system programs,rendering the programs susceptible to a variety of memory corruption attacks.Among these threats,just-in-time return-oriented programming(JIT-ROP)stands out as an advanced method for conducting code-reuse attacks,effectively circumventing code randomization safeguards.JIT-ROP leverages memory disclosure vulnerabilities to obtain reusable code fragments dynamically and assemble malicious payloads dynamically.In response to JIT-ROP attacks,several re-randomization implementations have been developed to prevent the use of disclosed code.However,existing re-randomization methods require recurrent re-randomization during program runtime according to fixed time windows or specific events such as system calls,incurring significant runtime overhead.In this paper,we present the design and implementation of PtrProxy,an efficient re-randomization approach on the AArch64 platform.Unlike previous methods that necessitate frequent runtime rerandomization or reply on unreliable triggering conditions,this approach triggers the re-randomization process by detecting the code page harvest operation,which is a fundamental operation of the JIT-ROP at-tacks,making our method more efficient and reliable than previous approaches.We evaluate PtrProxy on benchmarks and real-world applications.The evaluation results show that our approach can effectively protect programs from JIT-ROP attacks while introducing marginal runtime overhead.展开更多
Reversing the syntactic format of program inputs and data structures in binaries plays a vital role for understanding program behaviors in many security applications.In this paper,we propose a collaborative reversing ...Reversing the syntactic format of program inputs and data structures in binaries plays a vital role for understanding program behaviors in many security applications.In this paper,we propose a collaborative reversing technique by capturing the mapping relationship between input fields and program data structures.The key insight behind our paper is that program uses corresponding data structures as references to parse and access different input fields,and every field could be identified by reversing its corresponding data structure.In details,we use a finegrained dynamic taint analysis to monitor the propagation of inputs.By identifying base pointers for each input byte,we could reverse data structures and conversely identify fields based on their referencing data structures.We construct several experiments to evaluate the effectiveness.Experiment results show that our approach could effectively reverse precise input formats,and provide unique benefits to two representative security applications,exploit diagnosis and malware analysis.展开更多
In order to improve the security of high school campus networks,this paper introduces the goal,system composition,and function of the network security of high school campus networks,and puts forward a series of strate...In order to improve the security of high school campus networks,this paper introduces the goal,system composition,and function of the network security of high school campus networks,and puts forward a series of strategies,including the establishment of network security protection system,data backup and recovery mechanism,and strengthening network security management and training.Through these strategies,the safety and stable operation of the campus network can be ensured,the quality of education can be improved,and school’s development can be promoted.展开更多
Security testing is a key technology for software security.The testing results can reflect the relationship between software testing and software security,and they can help program designers for evaluating and improvi...Security testing is a key technology for software security.The testing results can reflect the relationship between software testing and software security,and they can help program designers for evaluating and improving software security.However,it is difficult to describe by mathematics the relationship between the results of software functional testing and software nonfunctional security indexes.In this paper,we propose a mathematics model(MSMAM)based on principal component analysis and multiattribute utility theory.This model can get nonfunctional security indexes by analyzing quantized results of functional tests.It can also evaluate software security and guide the effective allocation of testing resources in the process of software testing.The feasibility and effectiveness of MSMAM is verified by experiments.展开更多
Software developers endeavor to build their products with the least number of bugs.Despite this,many vulnerabilities are detected in software that threatens its integrity.Various automated software i.e.,vulnerability ...Software developers endeavor to build their products with the least number of bugs.Despite this,many vulnerabilities are detected in software that threatens its integrity.Various automated software i.e.,vulnerability scanners,are available in the market which helps detect and manage vulnerabilities in a computer,application,or a network.Hence,the choice of an appropriate vulnerability scanner is crucial to ensure efficient vulnerability management.The current work serves a dual purpose,first,to identify the key factors which affect the vulnerability discovery process in a network.The second,is to rank the popular vulnerability scanners based on the identified attributes.This will aid the firm in determining the best scanner for them considering multiple aspects.The multi-criterion decision making based ranking approach has been discussed using the Intuitionistic Fuzzy set(IFS)and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)to rank the various scanners.Using IFS TOPSIS,the opinion of a whole group could be simultaneously considered in the vulnerability scanner selection.In this study,five popular vulnerability scanners,namely,Nessus,Fsecure Radar,Greenbone,Qualys,and Nexpose have been considered.The inputs of industry specialists i.e.,people who deal in software security and vulnerability management process have been taken for the ranking process.Using the proposed methodology,a hierarchical classification of the various vulnerability scanners could be achieved.The clear enumeration of the steps allows for easy adaptability of the model to varied situations.This study will help product developers become aware of the needs of the market and design better scanners.And from the user’s point of view,it will help the system administrators in deciding which scanner to deploy depending on the company’s needs and preferences.The current work is the first to use a Multi Criterion Group Decision Making technique in vulnerability scanner selection.展开更多
Since the beginning of web applications,security has been a critical study area.There has been a lot of research done to figure out how to define and identify security goals or issues.However,high-security web apps ha...Since the beginning of web applications,security has been a critical study area.There has been a lot of research done to figure out how to define and identify security goals or issues.However,high-security web apps have been found to be less durable in recent years;thus reducing their business continuity.High security features of a web application are worthless unless they provide effective services to the user and meet the standards of commercial viability.Hence,there is a necessity to link in the gap between durability and security of the web application.Indeed,security mechanisms must be used to enhance durability as well as the security of the web application.Although durability and security are not related directly,some of their factors influence each other indirectly.Characteristics play an important role in reducing the void between durability and security.In this respect,the present study identifies key characteristics of security and durability that affect each other indirectly and directly,including confidentiality,integrity availability,human trust and trustworthiness.The importance of all the attributes in terms of their weight is essential for their influence on the whole security during the development procedure of web application.To estimate the efficacy of present study,authors employed the Hesitant Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process(H-Fuzzy AHP).The outcomes of our investigations and conclusions will be a useful reference for the web application developers in achieving a more secure and durable web application.展开更多
Many organizations,to save costs,are moving to the Bring Your Own Mobile Device(BYOD)model and adopting applications built by third-parties at an unprecedented rate.Our research examines software assurance methodologi...Many organizations,to save costs,are moving to the Bring Your Own Mobile Device(BYOD)model and adopting applications built by third-parties at an unprecedented rate.Our research examines software assurance methodologies specifically focusing on security analysis coverage of the program analysis for mobile malware detection,mitigation,and prevention.This research focuses on secure software development of Android applications by developing knowledge graphs for threats reported by the Open Web Application Security Project(OWASP).OWASP maintains lists of the top ten security threats to web and mobile applications.We develop knowledge graphs based on the two most recent top ten threat years and show how the knowledge graph relationships can be discovered in mobile application source code.We analyze 200+healthcare applications from GitHub to gain an understanding of their software assurance of their developed software for one of the OWASP top ten mobile threats,the threat of“Insecure Data Storage.”We find that many of the applications are storing personally identifying information(PII)in potentially vulnerable places leaving users exposed to higher risks for the loss of their sensitive data.展开更多
Cloud computing is an emerging and popular method of accessing shared and dynamically configurable resources via the computer network on demand. Cloud computing is excessively used by mobile applications to offload da...Cloud computing is an emerging and popular method of accessing shared and dynamically configurable resources via the computer network on demand. Cloud computing is excessively used by mobile applications to offload data over the network to the cloud. There are some security and privacy concerns using both mobile devices to offload data to the facilities provided by the cloud providers. One of the critical threats facing cloud users is the unauthorized access by the insiders (cloud administrators) or the justification of location where the cloud providers operating. Although, there exist variety of security mechanisms to prevent unauthorized access by unauthorized user by the cloud administration, but there is no security provision to prevent unauthorized access by the cloud administrators to the client data on the cloud computing. In this paper, we demonstrate how steganography, which is a secrecy method to hide information, can be used to enhance the security and privacy of data (images) maintained on the cloud by mobile applications. Our proposed model works with a key, which is embedded in the image along with the data, to provide an additional layer of security, namely, confidentiality of data. The practicality of the proposed method is represented via a simple case study.展开更多
As one of the most effective techniques for finding software vulnerabilities,fuzzing has become a hot topic in software security.It feeds potentially syntactically or semantically malformed test data to a target progr...As one of the most effective techniques for finding software vulnerabilities,fuzzing has become a hot topic in software security.It feeds potentially syntactically or semantically malformed test data to a target program to mine vulnerabilities and crash the system.In recent years,considerable efforts have been dedicated by researchers and practitioners towards improving fuzzing,so there aremore and more methods and forms,whichmake it difficult to have a comprehensive understanding of the technique.This paper conducts a thorough survey of fuzzing,focusing on its general process,classification,common application scenarios,and some state-of-the-art techniques that have been introduced to improve its performance.Finally,this paper puts forward key research challenges and proposes possible future research directions that may provide new insights for researchers.展开更多
Intelligent vehicles are advancing at a fast speed with the improvement of automation and connectivity,which opens up new possibilities for different cyber-attacks,including in-vehicle attacks(e.g.,hijacking attacks)a...Intelligent vehicles are advancing at a fast speed with the improvement of automation and connectivity,which opens up new possibilities for different cyber-attacks,including in-vehicle attacks(e.g.,hijacking attacks)and vehicle-to-everything communicationattacks(e.g.,data theft).These problems are becoming increasingly serious with the development of 4G LTE and 5G communication technologies.Although many efforts are made to improve the resilience to cyber attacks,there are still many unsolved challenges.This paper first identifies some major security attacks on intelligent connected vehicles.Then,we investigate and summarize the available defences against these attacks and classify them into four categories:cryptography,network security,software vulnerability detection,and malware detection.Remaining challenges and future directions for preventing attacks on intelligent vehicle systems have been discussed as well.展开更多
With the popularization and rapid development of mobile intelligent terminals(MITs), the number of mobile applications, or apps, has increased exponentially. It is increasingly common for malicious code to be inserted...With the popularization and rapid development of mobile intelligent terminals(MITs), the number of mobile applications, or apps, has increased exponentially. It is increasingly common for malicious code to be inserted into counterfeit apps, which can cause significant economic damage and threaten the security of users. Code obfuscation techniques are a highly efficient group of methods for code security protection. In this paper, we propose a novel control flow obfuscation based method for Android code protection. First, algorithms to insert irrelevant code and flatten the control flow are employed that minimize the cost of obfuscation while ensuring its strength. Second, we improve the traditional methods of control flow flattening to further reduce the costs of obfuscation. Lastly, the use of opaque predicates is strengthened by establishing an access control strategy, which converts the identification of opaque predicates in the entire program into a graph traversal problem, and thereby increases the strength of the code protection. We did some experiments to evaluate our method, and the results show that the proposed method can work well.展开更多
文摘Today, the demand for security software is Six Sigma quality, i.e. practically zero-defects. A practical and stochastic method is proposed for a Six Sigma security software quality management. Monte Carlo Simulation is used in a Six Sigma DMAIC (Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control) approach to security software testing. This elaboration used a published real project’s data from the final product testing lasted for 15 weeks, after which the product was delivered. The experiment utilised the first 12 weeks’ data to allow the results verification on the actual data from the last three weeks. A hypothetical testing project was applied, supposed to be completed in 15 weeks. The product due-date was Week 16 with zero-defects quality assurance aim. The testing project was analysed at the end of the 12th week with three weeks of testing remaining. Running a Monte Carlo Simulation with data from the first 12 weeks produced results which indicated that the product would not be able to meet its due-date with the desired zero-defects quality. To quantify an improvement, another simulation was run to find when zero-defects would be achieved. Simulation predicted that zero-defects would be achieved in week 35 with 56% probability, and there would be 82 defects from Weeks 16 - 35. Therefore, to meet the quality goals, either more resources should be allocated to the project, or the deadline for the project should be moved to Week 36. The paper concluded that utilising Monte Carlo Simulations in a Six Sigma DMAIC structured framework is better than conventional approaches using static analysis methods. When the simulation results were compared to the actual data, it was found to be accurate within ﹣3.5% to +1.3%. This approach helps to improve software quality and achieve the zero-defects quality assurance goal, while assigning quality confidence levels to scheduled product releases.
文摘Software security poses substantial risks to our society because software has become part of our life. Numerous techniques have been proposed to resolve or mitigate the impact of software security issues. Among them, software testing and analysis are two of the critical methods, which significantly benefit from the advancements in deep learning technologies. Due to the successful use of deep learning in software security, recently,researchers have explored the potential of using large language models(LLMs) in this area. In this paper, we systematically review the results focusing on LLMs in software security. We analyze the topics of fuzzing, unit test, program repair, bug reproduction, data-driven bug detection, and bug triage. We deconstruct these techniques into several stages and analyze how LLMs can be used in the stages. We also discuss the future directions of using LLMs in software security, including the future directions for the existing use of LLMs and extensions from conventional deep learning research.
文摘Software-related security aspects are a growing and legitimate concern,especially with 5G data available just at our palms.To conduct research in this field,periodic comparative analysis is needed with the new techniques coming up rapidly.The purpose of this study is to review the recent developments in the field of security integration in the software development lifecycle(SDLC)by analyzing the articles published in the last two decades and to propose a way forward.This review follows Kitchenham’s review protocol.The review has been divided into three main stages including planning,execution,and analysis.From the selected 100 articles,it becomes evident that need of a collaborative approach is necessary for addressing critical software security risks(CSSRs)through effective risk management/estimation techniques.Quantifying risks using a numeric scale enables a comprehensive understanding of their severity,facilitating focused resource allocation and mitigation efforts.Through a comprehensive understanding of potential vulnerabilities and proactive mitigation efforts facilitated by protection poker,organizations can prioritize resources effectively to ensure the successful outcome of projects and initiatives in today’s dynamic threat landscape.The review reveals that threat analysis and security testing are needed to develop automated tools for the future.Accurate estimation of effort required to prioritize potential security risks is a big challenge in software security.The accuracy of effort estimation can be further improved by exploring new techniques,particularly those involving deep learning.It is also imperative to validate these effort estimation methods to ensure all potential security threats are addressed.Another challenge is selecting the right model for each specific security threat.To achieve a comprehensive evaluation,researchers should use well-known benchmark checklists.
基金The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.2242022k60005)Purple Mountain Laboratories for Network and Communication Security,and National Science Foundation(No.62233003).
文摘In response to the current gaps in ef-fective proactive defense methods within applica-tion security and the limited integration of security components with applications,this paper proposes a biomimetic security model,called NeuroShield,specifically designed for web applications.Inspired by the“perception-strategy-effect-feedback”mechanism of the human nervous control system,the model inte-grates biomimetic elements akin of neural receptors and effectors into applications.This integration fa-cilitates a multifaceted approach to security:enabling data introspection for detailed perception and regula-tion of application behavior,providing proactive de-fense capabilities to detect and block security risks in real-time,and incorporating feedback optimization to continuously adjust and enhance security strategies based on prevailing conditions.Experimental results affirm the efficacy of this neural control mechanism-based biomimetic security model,demonstrating a proactive defense success rate exceeding 95%,thereby offering a theoretical and structural foundation for biomimetic immunity in web applications.
文摘Security is critical to the success of software,particularly in today’s fast-paced,technology-driven environment.It ensures that data,code,and services maintain their CIA(Confidentiality,Integrity,and Availability).This is only possible if security is taken into account at all stages of the SDLC(Software Development Life Cycle).Various approaches to software quality have been developed,such as CMMI(Capabilitymaturitymodel integration).However,there exists no explicit solution for incorporating security into all phases of SDLC.One of the major causes of pervasive vulnerabilities is a failure to prioritize security.Even the most proactive companies use the“patch and penetrate”strategy,inwhich security is accessed once the job is completed.Increased cost,time overrun,not integrating testing and input in SDLC,usage of third-party tools and components,and lack of knowledge are all reasons for not paying attention to the security angle during the SDLC,despite the fact that secure software development is essential for business continuity and survival in today’s ICT world.There is a need to implement best practices in SDLC to address security at all levels.To fill this gap,we have provided a detailed overview of secure software development practices while taking care of project costs and deadlines.We proposed a secure SDLC framework based on the identified practices,which integrates the best security practices in various SDLC phases.A mathematical model is used to validate the proposed framework.A case study and findings show that the proposed system aids in the integration of security best practices into the overall SDLC,resulting in more secure applications.
文摘Design architecture is the edifice that strengthens the functionalities as well as the security of web applications.In order to facilitate architectural security from the web application’s design phase itself,practitioners are now adopting the novel mechanism of security tactics.With the intent to conduct a research from the perspective of security tactics,the present study employs a hybrid multi-criteria decision-making approach named fuzzy analytic hierarchy process-technique for order preference by similarity ideal solution(AHP-TOPSIS)method for selecting and assessing multi-criteria decisions.The adopted methodology is a blend of fuzzy analytic hierarchy process(fuzzy AHP)and fuzzy technique for order preference by similarity ideal solution(fuzzy TOPSIS).To establish the efficacy of this methodology,the results are obtained after the evaluation have been tested on fifteen different web application projects(Online Quiz competition,Entrance Test,and others)of the Babasaheb Bhimrao Ambedkar University,Lucknow,India.The tabulated outcomes demonstrate that the methodology of the Multi-Level Fuzzy Hybrid system is highly effective in providing accurate estimation for strengthening the security of web applications.The proposed study will help experts and developers in developing and managing security from any web application design phase for better accuracy and higher security.
基金Supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(863 Program)(2009AA01Z402)the PLA University of Science and Technology Pre-research Project(20110202,20110210)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province of China(BK2012059,BK2012060)the PLAUST Outstanding Graduate Student Thesis Fund(2012)
文摘A software security testing behavior model,SETAM,was proposed in our previous work as the integrated model for describing software security testing requirements behavior,which is not only compatible with security functions and latent typical misuse behaviors,but also with the interaction of them.In this paper,we analyze the differences between SETAM with security use case and security misuse case in different types of security test requirements.To illustrate the effectiveness of SETAM,we compare them in a practical case study by the number of test cases and the number of faults detected by them.The results show that SETAM could decrease about 34.87%use cases on average,and the number of faults detected by SETAM increased by 71.67%in average,which means that our model can detect more faults with fewer test cases for software security testing.
基金This work is supported by the Provincial Key Science and Technology Special Project of Henan(No.221100240100)。
文摘In recent years,the rapid development of computer software has led to numerous security problems,particularly software vulnerabilities.These flaws can cause significant harm to users’privacy and property.Current security defect detection technology relies on manual or professional reasoning,leading to missed detection and high false detection rates.Artificial intelligence technology has led to the development of neural network models based on machine learning or deep learning to intelligently mine holes,reducing missed alarms and false alarms.So,this project aims to study Java source code defect detection methods for defects like null pointer reference exception,XSS(Transform),and Structured Query Language(SQL)injection.Also,the project uses open-source Javalang to translate the Java source code,conducts a deep search on the AST to obtain the empty syntax feature library,and converts the Java source code into a dependency graph.The feature vector is then used as the learning target for the neural network.Four types of Convolutional Neural Networks(CNN),Long Short-Term Memory(LSTM),Bi-directional Long Short-Term Memory(BiLSTM),and Attention Mechanism+Bidirectional LSTM,are used to investigate various code defects,including blank pointer reference exception,XSS,and SQL injection defects.Experimental results show that the attention mechanism in two-dimensional BLSTM is the most effective for object recognition,verifying the correctness of the method.
文摘In today’s rapidly evolving digital landscape,web application security has become paramount as organizations face increasingly sophisticated cyber threats.This work presents a comprehensive methodology for implementing robust security measures in modern web applications and the proof of the Methodology applied to Vue.js,Spring Boot,and MySQL architecture.The proposed approach addresses critical security challenges through a multi-layered framework that encompasses essential security dimensions including multi-factor authentication,fine-grained authorization controls,sophisticated session management,data confidentiality and integrity protection,secure logging mechanisms,comprehensive error handling,high availability strategies,advanced input validation,and security headers implementation.Significant contributions are made to the field of web application security.First,a detailed catalogue of security requirements specifically tailored to protect web applications against contemporary threats,backed by rigorous analysis and industry best practices.Second,the methodology is validated through a carefully designed proof-of-concept implementation in a controlled environment,demonstrating the practical effectiveness of the security measures.The validation process employs cutting-edge static and dynamic analysis tools for comprehensive dependency validation and vulnerability detection,ensuring robust security coverage.The validation results confirm the prevention and avoidance of security vulnerabilities of the methodology.A key innovation of this work is the seamless integration of DevSecOps practices throughout the secure Software Development Life Cycle(SSDLC),creating a security-first mindset from initial design to deployment.By combining proactive secure coding practices with defensive security approaches,a framework is established that not only strengthens application security but also fosters a culture of security awareness within development teams.This hybrid approach ensures that security considerations are woven into every aspect of the development process,rather than being treated as an afterthought.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62272351,61972297,62172308).
文摘Memory-unsafe programming languages,such as C/C++,are often used to develop system programs,rendering the programs susceptible to a variety of memory corruption attacks.Among these threats,just-in-time return-oriented programming(JIT-ROP)stands out as an advanced method for conducting code-reuse attacks,effectively circumventing code randomization safeguards.JIT-ROP leverages memory disclosure vulnerabilities to obtain reusable code fragments dynamically and assemble malicious payloads dynamically.In response to JIT-ROP attacks,several re-randomization implementations have been developed to prevent the use of disclosed code.However,existing re-randomization methods require recurrent re-randomization during program runtime according to fixed time windows or specific events such as system calls,incurring significant runtime overhead.In this paper,we present the design and implementation of PtrProxy,an efficient re-randomization approach on the AArch64 platform.Unlike previous methods that necessitate frequent runtime rerandomization or reply on unreliable triggering conditions,this approach triggers the re-randomization process by detecting the code page harvest operation,which is a fundamental operation of the JIT-ROP at-tacks,making our method more efficient and reliable than previous approaches.We evaluate PtrProxy on benchmarks and real-world applications.The evaluation results show that our approach can effectively protect programs from JIT-ROP attacks while introducing marginal runtime overhead.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China，the foundation of State Key Lab.for Novel Software Technology in Nanjing University,the foundation of Key Laboratory of Information Assurance Technology
文摘Reversing the syntactic format of program inputs and data structures in binaries plays a vital role for understanding program behaviors in many security applications.In this paper,we propose a collaborative reversing technique by capturing the mapping relationship between input fields and program data structures.The key insight behind our paper is that program uses corresponding data structures as references to parse and access different input fields,and every field could be identified by reversing its corresponding data structure.In details,we use a finegrained dynamic taint analysis to monitor the propagation of inputs.By identifying base pointers for each input byte,we could reverse data structures and conversely identify fields based on their referencing data structures.We construct several experiments to evaluate the effectiveness.Experiment results show that our approach could effectively reverse precise input formats,and provide unique benefits to two representative security applications,exploit diagnosis and malware analysis.
文摘In order to improve the security of high school campus networks,this paper introduces the goal,system composition,and function of the network security of high school campus networks,and puts forward a series of strategies,including the establishment of network security protection system,data backup and recovery mechanism,and strengthening network security management and training.Through these strategies,the safety and stable operation of the campus network can be ensured,the quality of education can be improved,and school’s development can be promoted.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (91018008,61003268,61103220,91118003)the National Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (2010cdb08601)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (3101038)
文摘Security testing is a key technology for software security.The testing results can reflect the relationship between software testing and software security,and they can help program designers for evaluating and improving software security.However,it is difficult to describe by mathematics the relationship between the results of software functional testing and software nonfunctional security indexes.In this paper,we propose a mathematics model(MSMAM)based on principal component analysis and multiattribute utility theory.This model can get nonfunctional security indexes by analyzing quantized results of functional tests.It can also evaluate software security and guide the effective allocation of testing resources in the process of software testing.The feasibility and effectiveness of MSMAM is verified by experiments.
文摘Software developers endeavor to build their products with the least number of bugs.Despite this,many vulnerabilities are detected in software that threatens its integrity.Various automated software i.e.,vulnerability scanners,are available in the market which helps detect and manage vulnerabilities in a computer,application,or a network.Hence,the choice of an appropriate vulnerability scanner is crucial to ensure efficient vulnerability management.The current work serves a dual purpose,first,to identify the key factors which affect the vulnerability discovery process in a network.The second,is to rank the popular vulnerability scanners based on the identified attributes.This will aid the firm in determining the best scanner for them considering multiple aspects.The multi-criterion decision making based ranking approach has been discussed using the Intuitionistic Fuzzy set(IFS)and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution(TOPSIS)to rank the various scanners.Using IFS TOPSIS,the opinion of a whole group could be simultaneously considered in the vulnerability scanner selection.In this study,five popular vulnerability scanners,namely,Nessus,Fsecure Radar,Greenbone,Qualys,and Nexpose have been considered.The inputs of industry specialists i.e.,people who deal in software security and vulnerability management process have been taken for the ranking process.Using the proposed methodology,a hierarchical classification of the various vulnerability scanners could be achieved.The clear enumeration of the steps allows for easy adaptability of the model to varied situations.This study will help product developers become aware of the needs of the market and design better scanners.And from the user’s point of view,it will help the system administrators in deciding which scanner to deploy depending on the company’s needs and preferences.The current work is the first to use a Multi Criterion Group Decision Making technique in vulnerability scanner selection.
基金funded by the Taif University Researchers Supporting Projects at Taif University,Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,under Grant Number:TURSP-2020/231.
文摘Since the beginning of web applications,security has been a critical study area.There has been a lot of research done to figure out how to define and identify security goals or issues.However,high-security web apps have been found to be less durable in recent years;thus reducing their business continuity.High security features of a web application are worthless unless they provide effective services to the user and meet the standards of commercial viability.Hence,there is a necessity to link in the gap between durability and security of the web application.Indeed,security mechanisms must be used to enhance durability as well as the security of the web application.Although durability and security are not related directly,some of their factors influence each other indirectly.Characteristics play an important role in reducing the void between durability and security.In this respect,the present study identifies key characteristics of security and durability that affect each other indirectly and directly,including confidentiality,integrity availability,human trust and trustworthiness.The importance of all the attributes in terms of their weight is essential for their influence on the whole security during the development procedure of web application.To estimate the efficacy of present study,authors employed the Hesitant Fuzzy Analytic Hierarchy Process(H-Fuzzy AHP).The outcomes of our investigations and conclusions will be a useful reference for the web application developers in achieving a more secure and durable web application.
文摘Many organizations,to save costs,are moving to the Bring Your Own Mobile Device(BYOD)model and adopting applications built by third-parties at an unprecedented rate.Our research examines software assurance methodologies specifically focusing on security analysis coverage of the program analysis for mobile malware detection,mitigation,and prevention.This research focuses on secure software development of Android applications by developing knowledge graphs for threats reported by the Open Web Application Security Project(OWASP).OWASP maintains lists of the top ten security threats to web and mobile applications.We develop knowledge graphs based on the two most recent top ten threat years and show how the knowledge graph relationships can be discovered in mobile application source code.We analyze 200+healthcare applications from GitHub to gain an understanding of their software assurance of their developed software for one of the OWASP top ten mobile threats,the threat of“Insecure Data Storage.”We find that many of the applications are storing personally identifying information(PII)in potentially vulnerable places leaving users exposed to higher risks for the loss of their sensitive data.
文摘Cloud computing is an emerging and popular method of accessing shared and dynamically configurable resources via the computer network on demand. Cloud computing is excessively used by mobile applications to offload data over the network to the cloud. There are some security and privacy concerns using both mobile devices to offload data to the facilities provided by the cloud providers. One of the critical threats facing cloud users is the unauthorized access by the insiders (cloud administrators) or the justification of location where the cloud providers operating. Although, there exist variety of security mechanisms to prevent unauthorized access by unauthorized user by the cloud administration, but there is no security provision to prevent unauthorized access by the cloud administrators to the client data on the cloud computing. In this paper, we demonstrate how steganography, which is a secrecy method to hide information, can be used to enhance the security and privacy of data (images) maintained on the cloud by mobile applications. Our proposed model works with a key, which is embedded in the image along with the data, to provide an additional layer of security, namely, confidentiality of data. The practicality of the proposed method is represented via a simple case study.
基金supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grants 62273272,62303375,and 61873277in part by the Key Research and Development Program of Shaanxi Province under Grant 2023-YBGY-243+1 种基金in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province under Grant 2020JQ-758in part by the Youth Innovation Team of Shaanxi Universities,and in part by the Special Fund for Scientific and Technological Innovation Strategy of Guangdong Province under Grant 2022A0505030025.
文摘As one of the most effective techniques for finding software vulnerabilities,fuzzing has become a hot topic in software security.It feeds potentially syntactically or semantically malformed test data to a target program to mine vulnerabilities and crash the system.In recent years,considerable efforts have been dedicated by researchers and practitioners towards improving fuzzing,so there aremore and more methods and forms,whichmake it difficult to have a comprehensive understanding of the technique.This paper conducts a thorough survey of fuzzing,focusing on its general process,classification,common application scenarios,and some state-of-the-art techniques that have been introduced to improve its performance.Finally,this paper puts forward key research challenges and proposes possible future research directions that may provide new insights for researchers.
文摘Intelligent vehicles are advancing at a fast speed with the improvement of automation and connectivity,which opens up new possibilities for different cyber-attacks,including in-vehicle attacks(e.g.,hijacking attacks)and vehicle-to-everything communicationattacks(e.g.,data theft).These problems are becoming increasingly serious with the development of 4G LTE and 5G communication technologies.Although many efforts are made to improve the resilience to cyber attacks,there are still many unsolved challenges.This paper first identifies some major security attacks on intelligent connected vehicles.Then,we investigate and summarize the available defences against these attacks and classify them into four categories:cryptography,network security,software vulnerability detection,and malware detection.Remaining challenges and future directions for preventing attacks on intelligent vehicle systems have been discussed as well.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (CN) Project (U153610079,61401038, 61762086)
文摘With the popularization and rapid development of mobile intelligent terminals(MITs), the number of mobile applications, or apps, has increased exponentially. It is increasingly common for malicious code to be inserted into counterfeit apps, which can cause significant economic damage and threaten the security of users. Code obfuscation techniques are a highly efficient group of methods for code security protection. In this paper, we propose a novel control flow obfuscation based method for Android code protection. First, algorithms to insert irrelevant code and flatten the control flow are employed that minimize the cost of obfuscation while ensuring its strength. Second, we improve the traditional methods of control flow flattening to further reduce the costs of obfuscation. Lastly, the use of opaque predicates is strengthened by establishing an access control strategy, which converts the identification of opaque predicates in the entire program into a graph traversal problem, and thereby increases the strength of the code protection. We did some experiments to evaluate our method, and the results show that the proposed method can work well.
