A liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector(DAD) and electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(ESI-TOF/MS) method was developed for the screening and identification of the multiple compone...A liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector(DAD) and electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(ESI-TOF/MS) method was developed for the screening and identification of the multiple components in Tanreqing injection, a well-known Chinese medicine injection in China. By combining the DAD spectrum and the accurate mass measurement of ESI-TOF/MS, twelve components in Tanreqing injection were identified. This study contributes to clarifying the nature of Tanreqing injection, and provides an effective and reliable process for the comprehensive and systematic characterization of complex traditional Chinese medicine preparations.展开更多
New pollutants(NPs)are characterized by their concealment,persistence,and bioaccumulation and have emerged as a major concern in the international community.The screening and identification of NPs are fundamental prer...New pollutants(NPs)are characterized by their concealment,persistence,and bioaccumulation and have emerged as a major concern in the international community.The screening and identification of NPs are fundamental prerequisites for research into their environmental behavior,toxicological eff ects,remediation,and other related areas.Molecularly imprinted ratiometric fluorescence(MI-RFL)sensors,known for their high selectivity,sensitivity,rapidity,and convenience,have garnered significant attention in the analytical detection of NPs.This review focuses on three major categories of NPs,persistent organic pollutants,environmental endocrine disruptors,and antibiotics,and examines recent advancements in MI-RFL sensors for the screening,identification,and detection of NPs since 2018.We briefly outline the preparation technologies and strategies for molecularly imprinted polymers(MIPs)and the potential detection principles of these sensors.Additionally,we highlight the fluorescence sources and construction strategies of MI-RFL sensors.The review also summarizes wellconstructed multiple MI-RFL sensors for the rapid detection of various NPs residues in complicated matrices,providing typical application examples in the fields of food safety,environmental monitoring,and biological medicine.Finally,we propose future perspectives on the construction and applications of MI-RFL sensors for detecting NPs.展开更多
Chemical genetics as a part of chemical genomics is a powerful and fast developing approach to dissect biological processes that may be difficult to characterize using conventional genetics because of gene redundancy ...Chemical genetics as a part of chemical genomics is a powerful and fast developing approach to dissect biological processes that may be difficult to characterize using conventional genetics because of gene redundancy or lethality and, in the case of polysaccharide biosynthesis, plant flexibility. Polysaccharide synthetic enzymes are located in two main compartments--the Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane-and can be studied in vitro using membrane fractions. Here, we first developed a high-throughput assay that allowed the screening of a library of chemicals with a potential effect on glycosyltransferase activities. Out of the 4800 chemicals screened for their effect on Golgi glucosyltransferases, 66 compounds from the primary screen had an effect on carbohydrate biosynthesis. Ten of these compounds were confirmed to inhibit glucose incorporation after a second screen. One compound exhibiting a strong inhibition effect （ID 6240780 named chemical A） was selected and further studied. It reversibly inhibits the transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose by Golgi membranes, but activates the plasma membrane-bound callose synthase. The inhibition effect is dependent on the chemical structure of the compound, which does not affect endomembrane morphology of the plant cells, but causes changes in cell wall composition. Chemical A represents a novel drug with a great potential for the study of the mechanisms of Golgi and plasma membrane-bound glucosyltransferases.展开更多
Tumor-specific neoantigens,which are expressed on tumor cells,can induce an effective antitumor cytotoxic T-cell response and mediate tumor regression.Among tumor immunotherapies,neoantigen vaccines are in early human...Tumor-specific neoantigens,which are expressed on tumor cells,can induce an effective antitumor cytotoxic T-cell response and mediate tumor regression.Among tumor immunotherapies,neoantigen vaccines are in early human clinical trials and have demonstrated substantial efficiency.Compared with more neoantigens in melanoma,the paucity and inefficient identification of effective neoantigens in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remain enormous challenges in effectively treating this malignancy.In this review,we highlight the current development of HCC neoantigens in its generation,screening,and identification.We also discuss the possibility that there are more effective neoantigens in hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related HCC than in non-HBV-related HCC.In addition,since HCC is an immunosuppressive tumor,strategies that reverse immunosuppression and enhance the immune response should be considered for the practical exploitation of HCC neoantigens.In summary,this review offers some strategies to solve existing problems in HCC neoantigen research and provide further insights for immunotherapy.展开更多
基金supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(No.NCET-06-0515)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2012M511380)
文摘A liquid chromatography coupled with diode array detector(DAD) and electrospray ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry(ESI-TOF/MS) method was developed for the screening and identification of the multiple components in Tanreqing injection, a well-known Chinese medicine injection in China. By combining the DAD spectrum and the accurate mass measurement of ESI-TOF/MS, twelve components in Tanreqing injection were identified. This study contributes to clarifying the nature of Tanreqing injection, and provides an effective and reliable process for the comprehensive and systematic characterization of complex traditional Chinese medicine preparations.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22176210,22350410393,42376188,22376216,22404143)the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2024QB032,ZR2024MB066)the Major Innovation Fund of Shandong Province(2021ZDSYS23)。
文摘New pollutants(NPs)are characterized by their concealment,persistence,and bioaccumulation and have emerged as a major concern in the international community.The screening and identification of NPs are fundamental prerequisites for research into their environmental behavior,toxicological eff ects,remediation,and other related areas.Molecularly imprinted ratiometric fluorescence(MI-RFL)sensors,known for their high selectivity,sensitivity,rapidity,and convenience,have garnered significant attention in the analytical detection of NPs.This review focuses on three major categories of NPs,persistent organic pollutants,environmental endocrine disruptors,and antibiotics,and examines recent advancements in MI-RFL sensors for the screening,identification,and detection of NPs since 2018.We briefly outline the preparation technologies and strategies for molecularly imprinted polymers(MIPs)and the potential detection principles of these sensors.Additionally,we highlight the fluorescence sources and construction strategies of MI-RFL sensors.The review also summarizes wellconstructed multiple MI-RFL sensors for the rapid detection of various NPs residues in complicated matrices,providing typical application examples in the fields of food safety,environmental monitoring,and biological medicine.Finally,we propose future perspectives on the construction and applications of MI-RFL sensors for detecting NPs.
基金This work supported by grants DBI-0211797 （to N.V.R.） and MCB- 0515963 （to N.V.R.）from the National Science Foundation Plant Genome Research Program.We thank Dr Somerville （Carnegie Institution, Stanford, CA） and Dr Dupree （University of Cambridge, UK） for the seeds of transgenic plants. No conflict of interest declared.
文摘Chemical genetics as a part of chemical genomics is a powerful and fast developing approach to dissect biological processes that may be difficult to characterize using conventional genetics because of gene redundancy or lethality and, in the case of polysaccharide biosynthesis, plant flexibility. Polysaccharide synthetic enzymes are located in two main compartments--the Golgi apparatus and plasma membrane-and can be studied in vitro using membrane fractions. Here, we first developed a high-throughput assay that allowed the screening of a library of chemicals with a potential effect on glycosyltransferase activities. Out of the 4800 chemicals screened for their effect on Golgi glucosyltransferases, 66 compounds from the primary screen had an effect on carbohydrate biosynthesis. Ten of these compounds were confirmed to inhibit glucose incorporation after a second screen. One compound exhibiting a strong inhibition effect （ID 6240780 named chemical A） was selected and further studied. It reversibly inhibits the transfer of glucose from UDP-glucose by Golgi membranes, but activates the plasma membrane-bound callose synthase. The inhibition effect is dependent on the chemical structure of the compound, which does not affect endomembrane morphology of the plant cells, but causes changes in cell wall composition. Chemical A represents a novel drug with a great potential for the study of the mechanisms of Golgi and plasma membrane-bound glucosyltransferases.
基金National Key Sci-Tech Special Project of China,No.2018ZX10302207。
文摘Tumor-specific neoantigens,which are expressed on tumor cells,can induce an effective antitumor cytotoxic T-cell response and mediate tumor regression.Among tumor immunotherapies,neoantigen vaccines are in early human clinical trials and have demonstrated substantial efficiency.Compared with more neoantigens in melanoma,the paucity and inefficient identification of effective neoantigens in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)remain enormous challenges in effectively treating this malignancy.In this review,we highlight the current development of HCC neoantigens in its generation,screening,and identification.We also discuss the possibility that there are more effective neoantigens in hepatitis B virus(HBV)-related HCC than in non-HBV-related HCC.In addition,since HCC is an immunosuppressive tumor,strategies that reverse immunosuppression and enhance the immune response should be considered for the practical exploitation of HCC neoantigens.In summary,this review offers some strategies to solve existing problems in HCC neoantigen research and provide further insights for immunotherapy.
