A sensitive and specific immunosensor for the detection of the hormones cortisol and lactate in human or animal biological fluids, such as sweat and saliva, was devised using the label-free electrochemical chronoamper...A sensitive and specific immunosensor for the detection of the hormones cortisol and lactate in human or animal biological fluids, such as sweat and saliva, was devised using the label-free electrochemical chronoamperometric technique. By using these fluids instead of blood,the biosensor becomes noninvasive and is less stressful to the end user, who may be a small child or a farm animal.Electroreduced graphene oxide(e-RGO) was used as a synergistic platform for signal amplification and template for bioconjugation for the sensing mechanism on a screenprinted electrode. The cortisol and lactate antibodies were bioconjugated to the e-RGO using covalent carbodiimide chemistry. Label-free electrochemical chronoamperometric detection was used to analyze the response to the desired biomolecules over the wide detection range. A detection limit of 0.1 ng mL^(-1) for cortisol and 0.1 mM for lactate was established and a correlation between concentration and current was observed. A portable, handheld potentiostat assembled with Bluetooth communication and battery operation enables the developed system for point-of-care applications. A sandwich-like structure containing the sensing mechanisms as a prototype was designed to secure the biosensor to skin and use capillary action to draw sweat or other fluids toward the sensing mechanism. Overall, the immunosensor shows remarkable specificity, sensitivity as well as the noninvasive and point-of-care capabilities and allows the biosensor to be used as a versatile sensing platform in both developed and developing countries.展开更多
Monitoring the concentration of antibiotics in body fluids is essential to optimizing the therapy and minimizing the risk of bacteria resistance,which can be made with electrochemical sensors tailored with appropriate...Monitoring the concentration of antibiotics in body fluids is essential to optimizing the therapy and minimizing the risk of bacteria resistance,which can be made with electrochemical sensors tailored with appropriate materials.In this paper,we report on sensors made with screen-printed electrodes(SPE)coated with fullerene(C60),reduced graphene oxide(rGO)and Nafion(NF)(C60-rGO-NF/SPE)to determine the antibiotic metronidazole(MTZ).Under optimized conditions,the C60-rGO-NF/SPE sensor exhibited a linear response in square wave voltammetry for MTZ concentrations from 2.5×10^(-7) to 34×10^(-6) mol/L,with a detection limit of 2.1×10^(-7) mol/L.This sensor was also capable of detecting MTZ in serum and urine,with recovery between 94%and 100%,which are similar to those of the standard chromatographic method(HPLC-UV).Because the C60-rGO-NF/SPE sensor is amenable to mass production and allows for MTZ determination with simple principles of detection,it fulfills the requirements of therapeutic drug monitoring programs.展开更多
A novel electrochemical method for the rapid detection of organophosphorus pesticide residues was realized on a dual-channel screen-printed electrode （DSPE） that was integrated with a portable smartphone-controlled ...A novel electrochemical method for the rapid detection of organophosphorus pesticide residues was realized on a dual-channel screen-printed electrode （DSPE） that was integrated with a portable smartphone-controlled potentiostat. The two carbon working channels of DSPE were first modified by electrodepositing of Prussian blue. The channels were then modified with acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） via Nation. The inhibition ratio of AChE was detected by comparing the electrical current of acetylthiocholine （ATCh） that was catalyzed by the enzyme electrodes with （channel 1） and without （channel 2） organophosphorus pesticide. Inhibition ratios were related with the negative logarithm of the organophosphorus pesticide （trichlorfon, oxamyl, and isocarbophos） concentrations at optimum experimental conditions （pH 6.9 of electrolyte, 0.2V working potential, 2.5μL AChE modification amount, and 15 min inhibition time）. The linear equations were 1%=32.301gC＋ 253.3 （R=0.9750） for isocarbophos, I% = 35.991gC＋ 270.1 （R = 0.9668） for chlorpyrifos, and 1% = 33.701gC＋ 250.5 （R = 0.9606） for trichlorfon. The detection limits were calculated as 10-7 g/mL. Given that the inhibition ratios were only related with pesticide concentration and not with pesticide species, the proposed electrodes and electrometer can rapidly detect universal organophosphorus pesticides and assess pesticide pollution.展开更多
In this study, gold nanoparticles and thermochromic composite films modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (TM-AuNPsSPCEs) were developed as a platform for the simultaneous detection of protein and temperature. The...In this study, gold nanoparticles and thermochromic composite films modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (TM-AuNPsSPCEs) were developed as a platform for the simultaneous detection of protein and temperature. The TM-AuNPs composited film had better sensitivity resulting from the gold nanoparticles amplification effect. A phase transition model analysis of TM-AuNPs films found that the TM-AuNPs films had three-phase transition intervals (<45℃, 45℃ to 80℃ and >80℃) which accommodated the temperature requirements for protein denaturation. When used to detect different concentrations of haemoglobin (Hb) solution, the TM-AuNPs modified SPCEs had a better sensitivity in detecting the different concentrations in comparison to TM and AuNP modified SPCEs which showed no clear sensitivity towards the different Hb concentrations. The dual detection and excellent sensitivity show a good application prospect for the study of the TM-AuNPs composite film.展开更多
We report the fabrication of disposable and flexible Screen-Printed Electrodes (SPEs). This new type of screen-printed electrochemical platform consists of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) and graphite composite. For this pur...We report the fabrication of disposable and flexible Screen-Printed Electrodes (SPEs). This new type of screen-printed electrochemical platform consists of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) and graphite composite. For this purpose, silver nanoparticles were first synthesized by a chemical reduction method. The morphology and structure of the AgNPs were analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Graphite was chosen as the working electrode material for the fabrication of a thick-film. The fabrication of a screen-printed hydrogen peroxide biosensor consisting of three electrodes on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate was performed with a spraying approach (working, counter and reference: enzyme electrode, graphite, pseudo reference: Ag/AgCl). This biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing the peroxidase enzyme (HRP) in a Titania sol-gel membrane which was obtained through a vapor deposition method. The biosensor had electrocatalytic activity in the reduction of H2O2 with linear dependence on H2O2 concentration in the range of 10-5 to 10-3 M;the detection limit was 4.5 × 10-6 M.展开更多
CuO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a two-jet electrospun method,and then screen-printed on silver-carbon electrodes,forming CuO-modified Ag-C(CuO/Ag-C)disposable strip electrodes.In natural environmen...CuO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a two-jet electrospun method,and then screen-printed on silver-carbon electrodes,forming CuO-modified Ag-C(CuO/Ag-C)disposable strip electrodes.In natural environment condition for glucose detection,the obtained CuO/Ag-C electrodes show a high sensitivity of 540 nA·mM^(-1)·cm^(-2),and a low limit of detection(0.68 mM)in a wide linear response range of 0.68 mM and 3 mM(signal/noise=3),respectively.In addition,the CuO/Ag-C electrodes also exhibit excellent anti-interference,air stability and repeatability.As a result,the fabrication of CuO nanoparticles via an electrospun process and the technique of screen-printed electrodes are of great significance for glucose detection.展开更多
Even in small concentrations,toxic metals like lead,cadmium,and mercury are dangerous to the environment and human health.Environmental monitoring depends on precisely identifying these heavy metals,particularly cadmi...Even in small concentrations,toxic metals like lead,cadmium,and mercury are dangerous to the environment and human health.Environmental monitoring depends on precisely identifying these heavy metals,particularly cadmium ions(Cd(Ⅱ)).In this study,we present a novel screen-printed carbon electrode(SPCE)modified with single crystallineα-Fe_(2)O_(3)nano-hexagons that functions as a sensor for detecting Cd(Ⅱ).The performance of the fabricated sensor was thoroughly assessed and compared with unmodified SPCE using the voltammetric method.The crystalline structure of the synthesizedα-Fe_(2)O_(3)nano-hexagons was confirmed through XRD,and surface analysis revealed an average diameter and thickness of 86 nm and 9 nm,respectively.Theα-Fe_(2)O_(3)modified SPCE yields a 7-fold enhanced response(at pH 5.0 vs.Ag/AgCl)to Cd(Ⅱ)than bare SPCE.The modified electrode effectively detects Cd(Ⅱ)with a linear response range of up to 333.0μmol/L and a detection limit of 0.65 nmol/L under ideal circumstances.This newly fabricated sensor offers significant potential for environmental monitoring applications by providing outstanding practicality,anti-interference ability,and repeatability for detecting Cd(Ⅱ)in water samples.展开更多
Solid oxide cells(SOCs)are emerging devices for efficient energy storage and conversion.However,during SOC operation,gaseous chromium(Cr)species released from Fe-Cr alloy interconnect can lead to Cr deposition and poi...Solid oxide cells(SOCs)are emerging devices for efficient energy storage and conversion.However,during SOC operation,gaseous chromium(Cr)species released from Fe-Cr alloy interconnect can lead to Cr deposition and poisoning of air electrodes,causing substantial degradation in electrochemical performance and compromising the longterm stability of SOCs.This mini-review examines the mechanism of Cr deposition and poisoning in air electrodes under both fuel-cell and electrolysis modes.Furthermore,emphasis is placed on the recent advancements in strategies to mitigate Cr poisoning,offering insights into the rational design and development of active and Cr-tolerant air electrodes for SOCs.展开更多
Reversible solid oxide cell(RSOC)is a new energy conversion device with significant applications,especially for power grid peaking shaving.However,the reversible conversion process of power generation/energy storage p...Reversible solid oxide cell(RSOC)is a new energy conversion device with significant applications,especially for power grid peaking shaving.However,the reversible conversion process of power generation/energy storage poses challenges for the performance and stability of air electrodes.In this work,a novel high-entropy perovskite oxide La_(0.2)Pr_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Sr_(0.2)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3−δ)(HE-LSCF)is proposed and investigated as an air electrode in RSOC.The electrochemical behavior of HE-LSCF was studied as an air electrode in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes.The polarization impedance(Rp)of the HE-LSCF electrode is only 0.25Ω·cm^(2) at 800℃ in an air atmosphere.Notably,at an electrolytic voltage of 2 V and a temperature of 800℃,the current density reaches up to 1.68 A/cm^(2).The HE-LSCF air electrode exhibited excellent reversibility and stability,and its electrochemical performance remains stable after 100 h of reversible operation.With these advantages,HE-LSCF is shown to be an excellent air electrode for RSOC.展开更多
Membrane electrode assembly(MEA)is widely considered to be the most promising type of electrolyzer for the practical application of electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).In MEAs,a square-shaped cross-sec...Membrane electrode assembly(MEA)is widely considered to be the most promising type of electrolyzer for the practical application of electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).In MEAs,a square-shaped cross-section in the flow channel is normally adopted,the configuration optimization of which could potentially enhance the performance of the electrolyzer.This paper describes the numerical simulation study on the impact of the flow-channel cross-section shapes in the MEA electrolyzer for CO_(2)RR.The results show that wide flow channels with low heights are beneficial to the CO_(2)RR by providing a uniform flow field of CO_(2),especially at high current densities.Moreover,the larger the electrolyzer,the more significant the effect is.This study provides a theoretical basis for the design of high-performance MEA electrolyzers for CO_(2)RR.展开更多
High-entropy materials represent a new category of high-performance materials,first proposed in 2004 and extensively investigated by researchers over the past two decades.The definition of high-entropy materials has c...High-entropy materials represent a new category of high-performance materials,first proposed in 2004 and extensively investigated by researchers over the past two decades.The definition of high-entropy materials has continuously evolved.In the last ten years,the discovery of an increasing number of high-entropy materials has led to significant advancements in their utilization in energy storage,electrocatalysis,and related domains,accompanied by a rise in techniques for fabricating high-entropy electrode materials.Recently,the research emphasis has shifted from solely improving the performance of high-entropy materials toward exploring their reaction mechanisms and adopting cleaner preparation approaches.However,the current definition of high-entropy materials remains relatively vague,and the preparation method of high-entropy materials is based on the preparation method of single metal/low-or medium-entropy materials.It should be noted that not all methods applicable to single metal/low-or medium-entropy materials can be directly applied to high-entropy materials.In this review,the definition and development of high-entropy materials are briefly reviewed.Subsequently,the classification of high-entropy electrode materials is presented,followed by a discussion of their applications in energy storage and catalysis from the perspective of synthesis methods.Finally,an evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of various synthesis methods in the production process of different high-entropy materials is provided,along with a proposal for potential future development directions for high-entropy materials.展开更多
Sodium(Na)and magnesium(Mg)are becoming important for making energy-storage batteries and structural materials.Herein,we develop a liquid-metal-electrode-assisted electrolysis route to producing Na and Mg with low-car...Sodium(Na)and magnesium(Mg)are becoming important for making energy-storage batteries and structural materials.Herein,we develop a liquid-metal-electrode-assisted electrolysis route to producing Na and Mg with low-carbon emissions and no chlorine gas evolution.The clean production stems from the choice of a molten NaCl-Na_(2)CO_(3) electrolyte to prevent chlorine gas evolution,an inert nickel-based anode to produce oxygen,and a liquid metal cathode to make the cathodic product sit at the bottom of the electrolytic cell.We achieve a current efficiency of>90%for the electrolytic production of liquid Na-Sn alloy.Later,Mg-Sn alloy is prepared using the obtained Na-Sn alloy to displace Mg from molten NaCl-MgCl_(2) with a displacement efficiency of>96%.Further,Na and Mg are separated from the electrolytic Na-Sn and displaced Mg-Sn alloys by vacuum distillation with a recovery rate of>92%and Sn can be reused.Using this electrolysisdisplacement-distillation(EDD)approach,we prepare Mg from seawater.The CO_(2)emission of the EDD approach is~20.6 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg,which is less than that of the Australian Magnesium(AM)electrolysis process(~25.0 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg)and less than half that of the Pidgeon process(~45.2 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg).展开更多
This study explores the potential of Michelia champaca wood as a sustainable and locally available precursor for the fabrication of high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.Activated carbons were synthesized through...This study explores the potential of Michelia champaca wood as a sustainable and locally available precursor for the fabrication of high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.Activated carbons were synthesized through single-step carbonization at 400℃ and 500℃(SSC-400℃ and SSC-500℃) and double-step carbonization at 400℃(DSC-400℃),with all samples activated using H_(3)PO_(4).The effects of carbonization stratergy on the structural,morphological,and electrochemical characteristics of the resulting carbon materials were systematically evaluated,using techniques such as BET,SEM,TEM,XRD,Raman scattering,FTIR,CV,GCD and EIS.Among the samples,SSC-400℃ exhibited the best electrochemical performance,achieving a specific capacitance of 292.2 Fg^(-1),an energy density of 6.4 Wh kg^(-1),and a power density of 198.4 W kg^(-1).This superior performance is attributed to its optimized pore structure,improved sur-face functionality and enhanced conductivity.SSC-500℃showed marginally lower performance,whereas,DSC-400℃ displayed the least favorable results,indicating that double-step carbonization process may negatively affect material quality by disrupting the pore network.This work highlights a strong correlation between synthesis methodology and electrochemical efficiency,directly reinforcing the importance of process optimization in electrode material develop-ment.The findings contribute to the broader goal of developing cost-effective,renewable and environmentally friendly energy storage systems.By valorizing biomass waste,the study supports global movements toward green energy technologies and circular carbon economies,offering a viable pathway for sustainable supercapacitor development and practical applications in energy storage devices.展开更多
With the continuous development of wearable electronics,wireless sensor networks and other micro-electronic devices,there is an increasingly urgent need for miniature,flexible and efficient nanopower generation techno...With the continuous development of wearable electronics,wireless sensor networks and other micro-electronic devices,there is an increasingly urgent need for miniature,flexible and efficient nanopower generation technology.Triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)technology can convert small mechanical energy into electricity,which is expected to address this problem.As the core component of TENG,the choice of electrode materials significantly affects its performance.Traditional metal electrode materials often suffer from problems such as durability,which limits the further application of TENG.Graphene,as a novel electrode material,shows excellent prospects for application in TENG owing to its unique structure and excellent electrical properties.This review systematically summarizes the recent research progress and application prospects of TENGs based on graphene electrodes.Various precision processing methods of graphene electrodes are introduced,and the applications of graphene electrode-based TENGs in various scenarios as well as the enhancement of graphene electrodes for TENG performance are discussed.In addition,the future development of graphene electrode-based TENGs is also prospectively discussed,aiming to promote the continuous advancement of graphene electrode-based TENGs.展开更多
Graphite-silicon species(Gr-Si)hybrid anodes have merged as potential candidates for high-energy lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),yet long been plagued by rapid capacity fading due to their unstable mechano-electrochemistr...Graphite-silicon species(Gr-Si)hybrid anodes have merged as potential candidates for high-energy lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),yet long been plagued by rapid capacity fading due to their unstable mechano-electrochemistry.The dominant approach to enhance electrochemical stability of the Gr-Si hybrid anodes typically involves the optimization of the electrode material structures and the employment of low active Si species content in electrode(<10 wt%in most instances).However,the electrode structure design,a factor of equal importance in determining the electrochemical performance of Gr-Si hybrid anodes,has received scant attention.In this study,three Gr-Si hybrid anodes with the identical material composition but distinct electrode structures are designed to investigate the mechanoelectrochemistry of the electrodes.It is revealed that the substantial volume change of Si species particles in Gr-Si hybrid anodes led to the local lattice stress of Gr at their contact interface during the charge/discharge processes,thereby increasing thermodynamic and kinetic barrier of Li-ion migration.Furthermore,the huge disparity in volume change of Si species and Gr particles trigger the separate agglomeration of these two materials,resulting in a considerable electrode volume change and increased electrochemical resistance.An advanced Gr/Si hybrid anode with upper Gr and lower Si species layer structure design addresses the above challenges using photovoltaic waste silicon sources under high Si species content(17 wt%)and areal capacity(2.0 mA h cm^(-2))in Ah-level full pouch cells with a low negative/positive(N/P)ratio of 1.09.The cell shows stable cycling for 100 cycles at 0.3 C with an impressively low capacity decay rate of 0.0546%per cycle,outperforming most reported Gr-Si hybrid anodes.展开更多
For the diagnostics and health management of lithium-ion batteries,numerous models have been developed to understand their degradation characteristics.These models typically fall into two categories:data-driven models...For the diagnostics and health management of lithium-ion batteries,numerous models have been developed to understand their degradation characteristics.These models typically fall into two categories:data-driven models and physical models,each offering unique advantages but also facing limitations.Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)provide a robust framework to integrate data-driven models with physical principles,ensuring consistency with underlying physics while enabling generalization across diverse operational conditions.This study introduces a PINN-based approach to reconstruct open circuit voltage(OCV)curves and estimate key ageing parameters at both the cell and electrode levels.These parameters include available capacity,electrode capacities,and lithium inventory capacity.The proposed method integrates OCV reconstruction models as functional components into convolutional neural networks(CNNs)and is validated using a public dataset.The results reveal that the estimated ageing parameters closely align with those obtained through offline OCV tests,with errors in reconstructed OCV curves remaining within 15 mV.This demonstrates the ability of the method to deliver fast and accurate degradation diagnostics at the electrode level,advancing the potential for precise and efficient battery health management.展开更多
In order to address the current inability of screen printing to monitor printing pressure online,an online printing pressure monitoring system applied to screen printing machines was designed in this study.In this stu...In order to address the current inability of screen printing to monitor printing pressure online,an online printing pressure monitoring system applied to screen printing machines was designed in this study.In this study,the consistency of printed electrodes was measured by using a confocal microscope and the pressure distribution detected by online pressure monitoring system was compared to investigate the relationship.The results demonstrated the relationship between printing pressure and the consistency of printed electrodes.As printing pressure increases,the ink layer at the corresponding position becomes thicker and that higher printing pressure enhances the consistency of the printed electrodes.The experiment confirms the feasibility of the online pressure monitoring system,which aids in predicting and controlling the consistency of printed electrodes,thereby improving their performance.展开更多
Aqueous zinc-halogen batteries are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their abundant resources,intrinsic safety,and high theoretical capacity.Nevertheless,the uncontrollable zinc dendrite growt...Aqueous zinc-halogen batteries are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their abundant resources,intrinsic safety,and high theoretical capacity.Nevertheless,the uncontrollable zinc dendrite growth and spontaneous shuttle effect of active species have prohibited their practical implementation.Herein,a double-layered protective film based on zinc-ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid(ZEA)artificial film and ZnF2-rich solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer has been successfully fabricated on the zinc metal anode via electrode/electrolyte synergistic optimization.The ZEA-based artificial film shows strong affinity for the ZnF2-rich SEI layer,therefore effectively suppressing the SEI breakage and facilitating the construction of double-layered protective film on the zinc metal anode.Such double-layered architecture not only modulates Zn2+flux and suppresses the zinc dendrite growth,but also blocks the direct contact between the metal anode and electrolyte,thus mitigating the corrosion from the active species.When employing optimized metal anodes and electrolytes,the as-developed zinc-(dual)halogen batteries present high areal capacity and satisfactory cycling stability.This work provides a new avenue for developing aqueous zinc-(dual)halogen batteries.展开更多
Thick electrode,with its feasibility and cost-effectiveness in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),has attracted significant attention as a promising approach maximizing the energy density of battery.Through raising the mass ...Thick electrode,with its feasibility and cost-effectiveness in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),has attracted significant attention as a promising approach maximizing the energy density of battery.Through raising the mass loading of active materials without altering the fundamental chemical attributes,thick electrodes can boost the energy density of the batteries effectively.Nevertheless,as the thickness of the electrode increases,the ionic conductivity of the electrode decreases,leading to abominable polarization in the thickness direction,which severely hampers the practical application of a thick electrode.This work proposes a novel porous gradient design of high-performance thick electrodes for LIBs.By constructing a porous structure that serves as a fast transport pathway for lithium(Li)ions,the ion transport kinetics within thick electrodes are significantly enhanced.Meanwhile,a particle size gradient design is incorporated to further mitigate polarization effects within the electrode,leading to substantial improvements in reaction homogeneity and material utilization.Employing this strategy,we have fabricated a porous gradient nanocellulose-carbon-nanotube based thick electrode,which exhibits an impressive capacity retention of 86.7%at a high mass loading of LiCoO_(2)(LCO)active material(20 mg cm^(-2))and a high current density of 5mA cm^(-2).展开更多
All-solid-state batteries(ASSBs)are a promising next-generation energy storage solution due to their high energy density and enhanced safety.To achieve this,specialized electrode designs are required to efficiently en...All-solid-state batteries(ASSBs)are a promising next-generation energy storage solution due to their high energy density and enhanced safety.To achieve this,specialized electrode designs are required to efficiently enhance interparticle lithium-ion transport between solid components.In particular,for active materials with high specific capacity,such as silicon,their volume expansion and shrinkage must be carefully controlled to maintain mechanical interface stability,which is crucial for effective lithium-ion transport in ASSBs.Herein,we propose a mechanical stress-tolerant all-solid-state graphite/silicon electrode design to ensure stable lithium-ion diffusion at the interface through morphology control of active material particles.Plate-type graphite with a high surface-area-to-volume ratio is used to maximize the dispersion of silicon within the electrode.The carefully designed electrode can accommodate the volume changes of silicon,ensuring stable capacity retention over cycles.Additionally,spherical graphite is shown to contribute to improved rate performance by providing an efficient lithium-ion diffusion pathway within the electrode.Therefore,the synergistic effect of our electrode structure offers balanced electrochemical performance,providing practical insights into the mechano-electrochemical interactions essential for designing highperformance all-solid-state electrodes.展开更多
基金the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (400705) for funding this study
文摘A sensitive and specific immunosensor for the detection of the hormones cortisol and lactate in human or animal biological fluids, such as sweat and saliva, was devised using the label-free electrochemical chronoamperometric technique. By using these fluids instead of blood,the biosensor becomes noninvasive and is less stressful to the end user, who may be a small child or a farm animal.Electroreduced graphene oxide(e-RGO) was used as a synergistic platform for signal amplification and template for bioconjugation for the sensing mechanism on a screenprinted electrode. The cortisol and lactate antibodies were bioconjugated to the e-RGO using covalent carbodiimide chemistry. Label-free electrochemical chronoamperometric detection was used to analyze the response to the desired biomolecules over the wide detection range. A detection limit of 0.1 ng mL^(-1) for cortisol and 0.1 mM for lactate was established and a correlation between concentration and current was observed. A portable, handheld potentiostat assembled with Bluetooth communication and battery operation enables the developed system for point-of-care applications. A sandwich-like structure containing the sensing mechanisms as a prototype was designed to secure the biosensor to skin and use capillary action to draw sweat or other fluids toward the sensing mechanism. Overall, the immunosensor shows remarkable specificity, sensitivity as well as the noninvasive and point-of-care capabilities and allows the biosensor to be used as a versatile sensing platform in both developed and developing countries.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support granted by CNPq,INEO,CAPES and FAPESP(Grant Nos.:2018/22214-6,2017/24053-7 and 2016/0991-5).
文摘Monitoring the concentration of antibiotics in body fluids is essential to optimizing the therapy and minimizing the risk of bacteria resistance,which can be made with electrochemical sensors tailored with appropriate materials.In this paper,we report on sensors made with screen-printed electrodes(SPE)coated with fullerene(C60),reduced graphene oxide(rGO)and Nafion(NF)(C60-rGO-NF/SPE)to determine the antibiotic metronidazole(MTZ).Under optimized conditions,the C60-rGO-NF/SPE sensor exhibited a linear response in square wave voltammetry for MTZ concentrations from 2.5×10^(-7) to 34×10^(-6) mol/L,with a detection limit of 2.1×10^(-7) mol/L.This sensor was also capable of detecting MTZ in serum and urine,with recovery between 94%and 100%,which are similar to those of the standard chromatographic method(HPLC-UV).Because the C60-rGO-NF/SPE sensor is amenable to mass production and allows for MTZ determination with simple principles of detection,it fulfills the requirements of therapeutic drug monitoring programs.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ17B050002)Analysis and Measurement Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.2015C37068)
文摘A novel electrochemical method for the rapid detection of organophosphorus pesticide residues was realized on a dual-channel screen-printed electrode （DSPE） that was integrated with a portable smartphone-controlled potentiostat. The two carbon working channels of DSPE were first modified by electrodepositing of Prussian blue. The channels were then modified with acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） via Nation. The inhibition ratio of AChE was detected by comparing the electrical current of acetylthiocholine （ATCh） that was catalyzed by the enzyme electrodes with （channel 1） and without （channel 2） organophosphorus pesticide. Inhibition ratios were related with the negative logarithm of the organophosphorus pesticide （trichlorfon, oxamyl, and isocarbophos） concentrations at optimum experimental conditions （pH 6.9 of electrolyte, 0.2V working potential, 2.5μL AChE modification amount, and 15 min inhibition time）. The linear equations were 1%=32.301gC＋ 253.3 （R=0.9750） for isocarbophos, I% = 35.991gC＋ 270.1 （R = 0.9668） for chlorpyrifos, and 1% = 33.701gC＋ 250.5 （R = 0.9606） for trichlorfon. The detection limits were calculated as 10-7 g/mL. Given that the inhibition ratios were only related with pesticide concentration and not with pesticide species, the proposed electrodes and electrometer can rapidly detect universal organophosphorus pesticides and assess pesticide pollution.
文摘In this study, gold nanoparticles and thermochromic composite films modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (TM-AuNPsSPCEs) were developed as a platform for the simultaneous detection of protein and temperature. The TM-AuNPs composited film had better sensitivity resulting from the gold nanoparticles amplification effect. A phase transition model analysis of TM-AuNPs films found that the TM-AuNPs films had three-phase transition intervals (<45℃, 45℃ to 80℃ and >80℃) which accommodated the temperature requirements for protein denaturation. When used to detect different concentrations of haemoglobin (Hb) solution, the TM-AuNPs modified SPCEs had a better sensitivity in detecting the different concentrations in comparison to TM and AuNP modified SPCEs which showed no clear sensitivity towards the different Hb concentrations. The dual detection and excellent sensitivity show a good application prospect for the study of the TM-AuNPs composite film.
文摘We report the fabrication of disposable and flexible Screen-Printed Electrodes (SPEs). This new type of screen-printed electrochemical platform consists of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) and graphite composite. For this purpose, silver nanoparticles were first synthesized by a chemical reduction method. The morphology and structure of the AgNPs were analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Graphite was chosen as the working electrode material for the fabrication of a thick-film. The fabrication of a screen-printed hydrogen peroxide biosensor consisting of three electrodes on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate was performed with a spraying approach (working, counter and reference: enzyme electrode, graphite, pseudo reference: Ag/AgCl). This biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing the peroxidase enzyme (HRP) in a Titania sol-gel membrane which was obtained through a vapor deposition method. The biosensor had electrocatalytic activity in the reduction of H2O2 with linear dependence on H2O2 concentration in the range of 10-5 to 10-3 M;the detection limit was 4.5 × 10-6 M.
基金Funded by Cofoe Medical Technology Co.,Ltd and the Scientific Research Start-up Funds of Hexi University(No.KYQD2022006)。
文摘CuO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a two-jet electrospun method,and then screen-printed on silver-carbon electrodes,forming CuO-modified Ag-C(CuO/Ag-C)disposable strip electrodes.In natural environment condition for glucose detection,the obtained CuO/Ag-C electrodes show a high sensitivity of 540 nA·mM^(-1)·cm^(-2),and a low limit of detection(0.68 mM)in a wide linear response range of 0.68 mM and 3 mM(signal/noise=3),respectively.In addition,the CuO/Ag-C electrodes also exhibit excellent anti-interference,air stability and repeatability.As a result,the fabrication of CuO nanoparticles via an electrospun process and the technique of screen-printed electrodes are of great significance for glucose detection.
文摘Even in small concentrations,toxic metals like lead,cadmium,and mercury are dangerous to the environment and human health.Environmental monitoring depends on precisely identifying these heavy metals,particularly cadmium ions(Cd(Ⅱ)).In this study,we present a novel screen-printed carbon electrode(SPCE)modified with single crystallineα-Fe_(2)O_(3)nano-hexagons that functions as a sensor for detecting Cd(Ⅱ).The performance of the fabricated sensor was thoroughly assessed and compared with unmodified SPCE using the voltammetric method.The crystalline structure of the synthesizedα-Fe_(2)O_(3)nano-hexagons was confirmed through XRD,and surface analysis revealed an average diameter and thickness of 86 nm and 9 nm,respectively.Theα-Fe_(2)O_(3)modified SPCE yields a 7-fold enhanced response(at pH 5.0 vs.Ag/AgCl)to Cd(Ⅱ)than bare SPCE.The modified electrode effectively detects Cd(Ⅱ)with a linear response range of up to 333.0μmol/L and a detection limit of 0.65 nmol/L under ideal circumstances.This newly fabricated sensor offers significant potential for environmental monitoring applications by providing outstanding practicality,anti-interference ability,and repeatability for detecting Cd(Ⅱ)in water samples.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279018)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22005055)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2022J01085).
文摘Solid oxide cells(SOCs)are emerging devices for efficient energy storage and conversion.However,during SOC operation,gaseous chromium(Cr)species released from Fe-Cr alloy interconnect can lead to Cr deposition and poisoning of air electrodes,causing substantial degradation in electrochemical performance and compromising the longterm stability of SOCs.This mini-review examines the mechanism of Cr deposition and poisoning in air electrodes under both fuel-cell and electrolysis modes.Furthermore,emphasis is placed on the recent advancements in strategies to mitigate Cr poisoning,offering insights into the rational design and development of active and Cr-tolerant air electrodes for SOCs.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023KYJD1008)the Science Research Projects of the Anhui Higher Education Institutions of China(2022AH051582).
文摘Reversible solid oxide cell(RSOC)is a new energy conversion device with significant applications,especially for power grid peaking shaving.However,the reversible conversion process of power generation/energy storage poses challenges for the performance and stability of air electrodes.In this work,a novel high-entropy perovskite oxide La_(0.2)Pr_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Sr_(0.2)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3−δ)(HE-LSCF)is proposed and investigated as an air electrode in RSOC.The electrochemical behavior of HE-LSCF was studied as an air electrode in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes.The polarization impedance(Rp)of the HE-LSCF electrode is only 0.25Ω·cm^(2) at 800℃ in an air atmosphere.Notably,at an electrolytic voltage of 2 V and a temperature of 800℃,the current density reaches up to 1.68 A/cm^(2).The HE-LSCF air electrode exhibited excellent reversibility and stability,and its electrochemical performance remains stable after 100 h of reversible operation.With these advantages,HE-LSCF is shown to be an excellent air electrode for RSOC.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1501503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22250008,22121004,22108197)+3 种基金the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations(No.CYZC202107)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(No.21JCZXJC00060)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(No.BP0618007)the Xplorer Prize for financial support。
文摘Membrane electrode assembly(MEA)is widely considered to be the most promising type of electrolyzer for the practical application of electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).In MEAs,a square-shaped cross-section in the flow channel is normally adopted,the configuration optimization of which could potentially enhance the performance of the electrolyzer.This paper describes the numerical simulation study on the impact of the flow-channel cross-section shapes in the MEA electrolyzer for CO_(2)RR.The results show that wide flow channels with low heights are beneficial to the CO_(2)RR by providing a uniform flow field of CO_(2),especially at high current densities.Moreover,the larger the electrolyzer,the more significant the effect is.This study provides a theoretical basis for the design of high-performance MEA electrolyzers for CO_(2)RR.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378431,52004338,51622406,21673298)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2023JJ40210,2022JJ20075)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2023RC3259)the Key R&D plan of Hunan Province(2024JK2096)Scientifc Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(23B0699)Central South University Innovation-Driven Research Programme(2023CXQD008).
文摘High-entropy materials represent a new category of high-performance materials,first proposed in 2004 and extensively investigated by researchers over the past two decades.The definition of high-entropy materials has continuously evolved.In the last ten years,the discovery of an increasing number of high-entropy materials has led to significant advancements in their utilization in energy storage,electrocatalysis,and related domains,accompanied by a rise in techniques for fabricating high-entropy electrode materials.Recently,the research emphasis has shifted from solely improving the performance of high-entropy materials toward exploring their reaction mechanisms and adopting cleaner preparation approaches.However,the current definition of high-entropy materials remains relatively vague,and the preparation method of high-entropy materials is based on the preparation method of single metal/low-or medium-entropy materials.It should be noted that not all methods applicable to single metal/low-or medium-entropy materials can be directly applied to high-entropy materials.In this review,the definition and development of high-entropy materials are briefly reviewed.Subsequently,the classification of high-entropy electrode materials is presented,followed by a discussion of their applications in energy storage and catalysis from the perspective of synthesis methods.Finally,an evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of various synthesis methods in the production process of different high-entropy materials is provided,along with a proposal for potential future development directions for high-entropy materials.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No’s.U22B2071,51874211,52031008)the Chilwee Group(CWDY-ZH-YJY-202101-001).
文摘Sodium(Na)and magnesium(Mg)are becoming important for making energy-storage batteries and structural materials.Herein,we develop a liquid-metal-electrode-assisted electrolysis route to producing Na and Mg with low-carbon emissions and no chlorine gas evolution.The clean production stems from the choice of a molten NaCl-Na_(2)CO_(3) electrolyte to prevent chlorine gas evolution,an inert nickel-based anode to produce oxygen,and a liquid metal cathode to make the cathodic product sit at the bottom of the electrolytic cell.We achieve a current efficiency of>90%for the electrolytic production of liquid Na-Sn alloy.Later,Mg-Sn alloy is prepared using the obtained Na-Sn alloy to displace Mg from molten NaCl-MgCl_(2) with a displacement efficiency of>96%.Further,Na and Mg are separated from the electrolytic Na-Sn and displaced Mg-Sn alloys by vacuum distillation with a recovery rate of>92%and Sn can be reused.Using this electrolysisdisplacement-distillation(EDD)approach,we prepare Mg from seawater.The CO_(2)emission of the EDD approach is~20.6 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg,which is less than that of the Australian Magnesium(AM)electrolysis process(~25.0 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg)and less than half that of the Pidgeon process(~45.2 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg).
文摘This study explores the potential of Michelia champaca wood as a sustainable and locally available precursor for the fabrication of high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.Activated carbons were synthesized through single-step carbonization at 400℃ and 500℃(SSC-400℃ and SSC-500℃) and double-step carbonization at 400℃(DSC-400℃),with all samples activated using H_(3)PO_(4).The effects of carbonization stratergy on the structural,morphological,and electrochemical characteristics of the resulting carbon materials were systematically evaluated,using techniques such as BET,SEM,TEM,XRD,Raman scattering,FTIR,CV,GCD and EIS.Among the samples,SSC-400℃ exhibited the best electrochemical performance,achieving a specific capacitance of 292.2 Fg^(-1),an energy density of 6.4 Wh kg^(-1),and a power density of 198.4 W kg^(-1).This superior performance is attributed to its optimized pore structure,improved sur-face functionality and enhanced conductivity.SSC-500℃showed marginally lower performance,whereas,DSC-400℃ displayed the least favorable results,indicating that double-step carbonization process may negatively affect material quality by disrupting the pore network.This work highlights a strong correlation between synthesis methodology and electrochemical efficiency,directly reinforcing the importance of process optimization in electrode material develop-ment.The findings contribute to the broader goal of developing cost-effective,renewable and environmentally friendly energy storage systems.By valorizing biomass waste,the study supports global movements toward green energy technologies and circular carbon economies,offering a viable pathway for sustainable supercapacitor development and practical applications in energy storage devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.52422511,U20A6004)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(grant No.2022B1515120011)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(grant No.2024A04J6362).
文摘With the continuous development of wearable electronics,wireless sensor networks and other micro-electronic devices,there is an increasingly urgent need for miniature,flexible and efficient nanopower generation technology.Triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)technology can convert small mechanical energy into electricity,which is expected to address this problem.As the core component of TENG,the choice of electrode materials significantly affects its performance.Traditional metal electrode materials often suffer from problems such as durability,which limits the further application of TENG.Graphene,as a novel electrode material,shows excellent prospects for application in TENG owing to its unique structure and excellent electrical properties.This review systematically summarizes the recent research progress and application prospects of TENGs based on graphene electrodes.Various precision processing methods of graphene electrodes are introduced,and the applications of graphene electrode-based TENGs in various scenarios as well as the enhancement of graphene electrodes for TENG performance are discussed.In addition,the future development of graphene electrode-based TENGs is also prospectively discussed,aiming to promote the continuous advancement of graphene electrode-based TENGs.
基金the financial support by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52072137)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22205068)the"CUG Scholar"Scientific Research Funds at China University of Geosciences(Wuhan)(2022118)。
文摘Graphite-silicon species(Gr-Si)hybrid anodes have merged as potential candidates for high-energy lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),yet long been plagued by rapid capacity fading due to their unstable mechano-electrochemistry.The dominant approach to enhance electrochemical stability of the Gr-Si hybrid anodes typically involves the optimization of the electrode material structures and the employment of low active Si species content in electrode(<10 wt%in most instances).However,the electrode structure design,a factor of equal importance in determining the electrochemical performance of Gr-Si hybrid anodes,has received scant attention.In this study,three Gr-Si hybrid anodes with the identical material composition but distinct electrode structures are designed to investigate the mechanoelectrochemistry of the electrodes.It is revealed that the substantial volume change of Si species particles in Gr-Si hybrid anodes led to the local lattice stress of Gr at their contact interface during the charge/discharge processes,thereby increasing thermodynamic and kinetic barrier of Li-ion migration.Furthermore,the huge disparity in volume change of Si species and Gr particles trigger the separate agglomeration of these two materials,resulting in a considerable electrode volume change and increased electrochemical resistance.An advanced Gr/Si hybrid anode with upper Gr and lower Si species layer structure design addresses the above challenges using photovoltaic waste silicon sources under high Si species content(17 wt%)and areal capacity(2.0 mA h cm^(-2))in Ah-level full pouch cells with a low negative/positive(N/P)ratio of 1.09.The cell shows stable cycling for 100 cycles at 0.3 C with an impressively low capacity decay rate of 0.0546%per cycle,outperforming most reported Gr-Si hybrid anodes.
基金supported by the Beijing Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.L223013)。
文摘For the diagnostics and health management of lithium-ion batteries,numerous models have been developed to understand their degradation characteristics.These models typically fall into two categories:data-driven models and physical models,each offering unique advantages but also facing limitations.Physics-informed neural networks(PINNs)provide a robust framework to integrate data-driven models with physical principles,ensuring consistency with underlying physics while enabling generalization across diverse operational conditions.This study introduces a PINN-based approach to reconstruct open circuit voltage(OCV)curves and estimate key ageing parameters at both the cell and electrode levels.These parameters include available capacity,electrode capacities,and lithium inventory capacity.The proposed method integrates OCV reconstruction models as functional components into convolutional neural networks(CNNs)and is validated using a public dataset.The results reveal that the estimated ageing parameters closely align with those obtained through offline OCV tests,with errors in reconstructed OCV curves remaining within 15 mV.This demonstrates the ability of the method to deliver fast and accurate degradation diagnostics at the electrode level,advancing the potential for precise and efficient battery health management.
文摘In order to address the current inability of screen printing to monitor printing pressure online,an online printing pressure monitoring system applied to screen printing machines was designed in this study.In this study,the consistency of printed electrodes was measured by using a confocal microscope and the pressure distribution detected by online pressure monitoring system was compared to investigate the relationship.The results demonstrated the relationship between printing pressure and the consistency of printed electrodes.As printing pressure increases,the ink layer at the corresponding position becomes thicker and that higher printing pressure enhances the consistency of the printed electrodes.The experiment confirms the feasibility of the online pressure monitoring system,which aids in predicting and controlling the consistency of printed electrodes,thereby improving their performance.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22209089,22178187)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022QB048,ZR2021MB006)+2 种基金Excellent Youth Science Foundation of Shandong Province(Overseas)(2023HWYQ-089)the Taishan Scholars Program of Shandong Province(tsqn201909091)Open Research Fund of School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Henan Normal University.
文摘Aqueous zinc-halogen batteries are promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to their abundant resources,intrinsic safety,and high theoretical capacity.Nevertheless,the uncontrollable zinc dendrite growth and spontaneous shuttle effect of active species have prohibited their practical implementation.Herein,a double-layered protective film based on zinc-ethylenediamine tetramethylene phosphonic acid(ZEA)artificial film and ZnF2-rich solid electrolyte interphase(SEI)layer has been successfully fabricated on the zinc metal anode via electrode/electrolyte synergistic optimization.The ZEA-based artificial film shows strong affinity for the ZnF2-rich SEI layer,therefore effectively suppressing the SEI breakage and facilitating the construction of double-layered protective film on the zinc metal anode.Such double-layered architecture not only modulates Zn2+flux and suppresses the zinc dendrite growth,but also blocks the direct contact between the metal anode and electrolyte,thus mitigating the corrosion from the active species.When employing optimized metal anodes and electrolytes,the as-developed zinc-(dual)halogen batteries present high areal capacity and satisfactory cycling stability.This work provides a new avenue for developing aqueous zinc-(dual)halogen batteries.
基金financially supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB2503900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U22A20140,52072138)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20220818100418040,JCYJ20220530160816038)。
文摘Thick electrode,with its feasibility and cost-effectiveness in lithium-ion batteries(LIBs),has attracted significant attention as a promising approach maximizing the energy density of battery.Through raising the mass loading of active materials without altering the fundamental chemical attributes,thick electrodes can boost the energy density of the batteries effectively.Nevertheless,as the thickness of the electrode increases,the ionic conductivity of the electrode decreases,leading to abominable polarization in the thickness direction,which severely hampers the practical application of a thick electrode.This work proposes a novel porous gradient design of high-performance thick electrodes for LIBs.By constructing a porous structure that serves as a fast transport pathway for lithium(Li)ions,the ion transport kinetics within thick electrodes are significantly enhanced.Meanwhile,a particle size gradient design is incorporated to further mitigate polarization effects within the electrode,leading to substantial improvements in reaction homogeneity and material utilization.Employing this strategy,we have fabricated a porous gradient nanocellulose-carbon-nanotube based thick electrode,which exhibits an impressive capacity retention of 86.7%at a high mass loading of LiCoO_(2)(LCO)active material(20 mg cm^(-2))and a high current density of 5mA cm^(-2).
基金supported by the National Research Council of Science&Technology(NST)grant by the Korea government(MSIT)(No.GTL24011-000)the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF2022M3J1A1085396)the Technology Innovation Program(RS-2024-00445442)through the Korea Planning&Evaluation Institute of Industrial Technology(KEIT)funded by the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE,Korea).
文摘All-solid-state batteries(ASSBs)are a promising next-generation energy storage solution due to their high energy density and enhanced safety.To achieve this,specialized electrode designs are required to efficiently enhance interparticle lithium-ion transport between solid components.In particular,for active materials with high specific capacity,such as silicon,their volume expansion and shrinkage must be carefully controlled to maintain mechanical interface stability,which is crucial for effective lithium-ion transport in ASSBs.Herein,we propose a mechanical stress-tolerant all-solid-state graphite/silicon electrode design to ensure stable lithium-ion diffusion at the interface through morphology control of active material particles.Plate-type graphite with a high surface-area-to-volume ratio is used to maximize the dispersion of silicon within the electrode.The carefully designed electrode can accommodate the volume changes of silicon,ensuring stable capacity retention over cycles.Additionally,spherical graphite is shown to contribute to improved rate performance by providing an efficient lithium-ion diffusion pathway within the electrode.Therefore,the synergistic effect of our electrode structure offers balanced electrochemical performance,providing practical insights into the mechano-electrochemical interactions essential for designing highperformance all-solid-state electrodes.
