A sensitive and specific immunosensor for the detection of the hormones cortisol and lactate in human or animal biological fluids, such as sweat and saliva, was devised using the label-free electrochemical chronoamper...A sensitive and specific immunosensor for the detection of the hormones cortisol and lactate in human or animal biological fluids, such as sweat and saliva, was devised using the label-free electrochemical chronoamperometric technique. By using these fluids instead of blood,the biosensor becomes noninvasive and is less stressful to the end user, who may be a small child or a farm animal.Electroreduced graphene oxide(e-RGO) was used as a synergistic platform for signal amplification and template for bioconjugation for the sensing mechanism on a screenprinted electrode. The cortisol and lactate antibodies were bioconjugated to the e-RGO using covalent carbodiimide chemistry. Label-free electrochemical chronoamperometric detection was used to analyze the response to the desired biomolecules over the wide detection range. A detection limit of 0.1 ng mL^(-1) for cortisol and 0.1 mM for lactate was established and a correlation between concentration and current was observed. A portable, handheld potentiostat assembled with Bluetooth communication and battery operation enables the developed system for point-of-care applications. A sandwich-like structure containing the sensing mechanisms as a prototype was designed to secure the biosensor to skin and use capillary action to draw sweat or other fluids toward the sensing mechanism. Overall, the immunosensor shows remarkable specificity, sensitivity as well as the noninvasive and point-of-care capabilities and allows the biosensor to be used as a versatile sensing platform in both developed and developing countries.展开更多
Monitoring the concentration of antibiotics in body fluids is essential to optimizing the therapy and minimizing the risk of bacteria resistance,which can be made with electrochemical sensors tailored with appropriate...Monitoring the concentration of antibiotics in body fluids is essential to optimizing the therapy and minimizing the risk of bacteria resistance,which can be made with electrochemical sensors tailored with appropriate materials.In this paper,we report on sensors made with screen-printed electrodes(SPE)coated with fullerene(C60),reduced graphene oxide(rGO)and Nafion(NF)(C60-rGO-NF/SPE)to determine the antibiotic metronidazole(MTZ).Under optimized conditions,the C60-rGO-NF/SPE sensor exhibited a linear response in square wave voltammetry for MTZ concentrations from 2.5×10^(-7) to 34×10^(-6) mol/L,with a detection limit of 2.1×10^(-7) mol/L.This sensor was also capable of detecting MTZ in serum and urine,with recovery between 94%and 100%,which are similar to those of the standard chromatographic method(HPLC-UV).Because the C60-rGO-NF/SPE sensor is amenable to mass production and allows for MTZ determination with simple principles of detection,it fulfills the requirements of therapeutic drug monitoring programs.展开更多
A novel electrochemical method for the rapid detection of organophosphorus pesticide residues was realized on a dual-channel screen-printed electrode （DSPE） that was integrated with a portable smartphone-controlled ...A novel electrochemical method for the rapid detection of organophosphorus pesticide residues was realized on a dual-channel screen-printed electrode （DSPE） that was integrated with a portable smartphone-controlled potentiostat. The two carbon working channels of DSPE were first modified by electrodepositing of Prussian blue. The channels were then modified with acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） via Nation. The inhibition ratio of AChE was detected by comparing the electrical current of acetylthiocholine （ATCh） that was catalyzed by the enzyme electrodes with （channel 1） and without （channel 2） organophosphorus pesticide. Inhibition ratios were related with the negative logarithm of the organophosphorus pesticide （trichlorfon, oxamyl, and isocarbophos） concentrations at optimum experimental conditions （pH 6.9 of electrolyte, 0.2V working potential, 2.5μL AChE modification amount, and 15 min inhibition time）. The linear equations were 1%=32.301gC＋ 253.3 （R=0.9750） for isocarbophos, I% = 35.991gC＋ 270.1 （R = 0.9668） for chlorpyrifos, and 1% = 33.701gC＋ 250.5 （R = 0.9606） for trichlorfon. The detection limits were calculated as 10-7 g/mL. Given that the inhibition ratios were only related with pesticide concentration and not with pesticide species, the proposed electrodes and electrometer can rapidly detect universal organophosphorus pesticides and assess pesticide pollution.展开更多
In this study, gold nanoparticles and thermochromic composite films modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (TM-AuNPsSPCEs) were developed as a platform for the simultaneous detection of protein and temperature. The...In this study, gold nanoparticles and thermochromic composite films modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (TM-AuNPsSPCEs) were developed as a platform for the simultaneous detection of protein and temperature. The TM-AuNPs composited film had better sensitivity resulting from the gold nanoparticles amplification effect. A phase transition model analysis of TM-AuNPs films found that the TM-AuNPs films had three-phase transition intervals (<45℃, 45℃ to 80℃ and >80℃) which accommodated the temperature requirements for protein denaturation. When used to detect different concentrations of haemoglobin (Hb) solution, the TM-AuNPs modified SPCEs had a better sensitivity in detecting the different concentrations in comparison to TM and AuNP modified SPCEs which showed no clear sensitivity towards the different Hb concentrations. The dual detection and excellent sensitivity show a good application prospect for the study of the TM-AuNPs composite film.展开更多
We report the fabrication of disposable and flexible Screen-Printed Electrodes (SPEs). This new type of screen-printed electrochemical platform consists of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) and graphite composite. For this pur...We report the fabrication of disposable and flexible Screen-Printed Electrodes (SPEs). This new type of screen-printed electrochemical platform consists of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) and graphite composite. For this purpose, silver nanoparticles were first synthesized by a chemical reduction method. The morphology and structure of the AgNPs were analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Graphite was chosen as the working electrode material for the fabrication of a thick-film. The fabrication of a screen-printed hydrogen peroxide biosensor consisting of three electrodes on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate was performed with a spraying approach (working, counter and reference: enzyme electrode, graphite, pseudo reference: Ag/AgCl). This biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing the peroxidase enzyme (HRP) in a Titania sol-gel membrane which was obtained through a vapor deposition method. The biosensor had electrocatalytic activity in the reduction of H2O2 with linear dependence on H2O2 concentration in the range of 10-5 to 10-3 M;the detection limit was 4.5 × 10-6 M.展开更多
CuO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a two-jet electrospun method,and then screen-printed on silver-carbon electrodes,forming CuO-modified Ag-C(CuO/Ag-C)disposable strip electrodes.In natural environmen...CuO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a two-jet electrospun method,and then screen-printed on silver-carbon electrodes,forming CuO-modified Ag-C(CuO/Ag-C)disposable strip electrodes.In natural environment condition for glucose detection,the obtained CuO/Ag-C electrodes show a high sensitivity of 540 nA·mM^(-1)·cm^(-2),and a low limit of detection(0.68 mM)in a wide linear response range of 0.68 mM and 3 mM(signal/noise=3),respectively.In addition,the CuO/Ag-C electrodes also exhibit excellent anti-interference,air stability and repeatability.As a result,the fabrication of CuO nanoparticles via an electrospun process and the technique of screen-printed electrodes are of great significance for glucose detection.展开更多
Even in small concentrations,toxic metals like lead,cadmium,and mercury are dangerous to the environment and human health.Environmental monitoring depends on precisely identifying these heavy metals,particularly cadmi...Even in small concentrations,toxic metals like lead,cadmium,and mercury are dangerous to the environment and human health.Environmental monitoring depends on precisely identifying these heavy metals,particularly cadmium ions(Cd(Ⅱ)).In this study,we present a novel screen-printed carbon electrode(SPCE)modified with single crystallineα-Fe_(2)O_(3)nano-hexagons that functions as a sensor for detecting Cd(Ⅱ).The performance of the fabricated sensor was thoroughly assessed and compared with unmodified SPCE using the voltammetric method.The crystalline structure of the synthesizedα-Fe_(2)O_(3)nano-hexagons was confirmed through XRD,and surface analysis revealed an average diameter and thickness of 86 nm and 9 nm,respectively.Theα-Fe_(2)O_(3)modified SPCE yields a 7-fold enhanced response(at pH 5.0 vs.Ag/AgCl)to Cd(Ⅱ)than bare SPCE.The modified electrode effectively detects Cd(Ⅱ)with a linear response range of up to 333.0μmol/L and a detection limit of 0.65 nmol/L under ideal circumstances.This newly fabricated sensor offers significant potential for environmental monitoring applications by providing outstanding practicality,anti-interference ability,and repeatability for detecting Cd(Ⅱ)in water samples.展开更多
The electrochemical oxidation behavior and voltammetric assay of gemifloxacin were investigated using differential-pulse and cyclic voltammetry on a screen-printed carbon electrode.The effects of pH,scan rates,and con...The electrochemical oxidation behavior and voltammetric assay of gemifloxacin were investigated using differential-pulse and cyclic voltammetry on a screen-printed carbon electrode.The effects of pH,scan rates,and concentration of the drug on the anodic peak current were studied.Voltammograms of gemifloxacin in Tris-HCl buffer（pH 7.0） exhibited a well-defined single oxidation peak.A differential-pulse voltammetric procedure for the quantitation of gemifloxacin has been developed and suitably validated with respect to linearity,limits of detection and quantification,accuracy,precision,specificity,and robustness.The calibration was linear from 0.5 to 10.0 μM,and the limits of detection and quantification were 0.15 and 5.0 μM.Recoveries ranging from 96.26% to 103.64% were obtained.The method was successfully applied to the determination of gemifloxacin in pharmaceutical tablets without any pre-treatment.Excipients present in the tablets did not interfere in the assay.展开更多
Based on poly(vinyl chloride) membranes, a novel miniaturized screen-printed all-solid-state copper(II)-selective electrode has been developed for applications in environmental monitoring. Performance and applicabilit...Based on poly(vinyl chloride) membranes, a novel miniaturized screen-printed all-solid-state copper(II)-selective electrode has been developed for applications in environmental monitoring. Performance and applicability of the ion-selective electrode (ISE) have been proved by potentiometric investigations. Conducting polymers were used as intermediate layers and as solid contacts between the ion-selective membrane and the graphite transducer. The ion-complexing reagent 2-mercapto-benzoxazole was incorporated into poly(vinyl chloride) membranes. In the concentration range 10<sup>-6</sup> - 10<sup>-2</sup> mol/L, the ISE exhibited a linear Nernstian potential response to copper(II) with an average slope value of 28 mV/decade. The detection limit was 3 × 10<sup>-7</sup> mol/L. The electrode exhibits a short response time (<10 s) and can be used in the range of pH = 3 - 7. Selectivity coefficents against certain interfering ions are investigated. The life time of the electrode under laboratory conditions was approximately 12-month. The electrode was applied in the investigation of different aqueous environmental samples and the electrode characteristics were described. The copper(II) ASS electrode has also successfully been used in potentiometric, complexometric titrations with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.展开更多
are time-consuming and not sensitive enough.However,bacteria typically connect to electrodes through biofilm formation,leading to problems due to lack of uniformity or long device production times.A suitable immobilis...are time-consuming and not sensitive enough.However,bacteria typically connect to electrodes through biofilm formation,leading to problems due to lack of uniformity or long device production times.A suitable immobilisation technique can overcome these challenges.Still,they may respond more slowly than biofilm-based electrodes because bacteria gradually adapt to electron transfer during biofilm formation.In this study,we propose a controlled and reproducible way to fabricate bacteria-modified electrodes.The method consists of an immobilisation step using a cellulose matrix,followed by an electrode polarization in the presence of ferricyanide and glucose.Our process is short,reproducible and led us to obtain ready-to-use electrodes featuring a high-current response.An excellent shelf-life of the immobilised electrochemically active bacteria was demonstrated for up to one year.After an initial 50% activity loss in the first month,no further declines have been observed over the following 11 months.We implemented our bacteria-modified electrodes to fabricate a lateral flow platform for toxicity monitoring using formaldehyde(3%).Its addition led to a 59% current decrease approximately 20 min after the toxic input.The methods presented here offer the ability to develop a high sensitivity,easy to produce,and long shelf life bacteria-based toxicity detectors.展开更多
High-entropy materials represent a new category of high-performance materials,first proposed in 2004 and extensively investigated by researchers over the past two decades.The definition of high-entropy materials has c...High-entropy materials represent a new category of high-performance materials,first proposed in 2004 and extensively investigated by researchers over the past two decades.The definition of high-entropy materials has continuously evolved.In the last ten years,the discovery of an increasing number of high-entropy materials has led to significant advancements in their utilization in energy storage,electrocatalysis,and related domains,accompanied by a rise in techniques for fabricating high-entropy electrode materials.Recently,the research emphasis has shifted from solely improving the performance of high-entropy materials toward exploring their reaction mechanisms and adopting cleaner preparation approaches.However,the current definition of high-entropy materials remains relatively vague,and the preparation method of high-entropy materials is based on the preparation method of single metal/low-or medium-entropy materials.It should be noted that not all methods applicable to single metal/low-or medium-entropy materials can be directly applied to high-entropy materials.In this review,the definition and development of high-entropy materials are briefly reviewed.Subsequently,the classification of high-entropy electrode materials is presented,followed by a discussion of their applications in energy storage and catalysis from the perspective of synthesis methods.Finally,an evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of various synthesis methods in the production process of different high-entropy materials is provided,along with a proposal for potential future development directions for high-entropy materials.展开更多
Solid oxide cells(SOCs)are emerging devices for efficient energy storage and conversion.However,during SOC operation,gaseous chromium(Cr)species released from Fe-Cr alloy interconnect can lead to Cr deposition and poi...Solid oxide cells(SOCs)are emerging devices for efficient energy storage and conversion.However,during SOC operation,gaseous chromium(Cr)species released from Fe-Cr alloy interconnect can lead to Cr deposition and poisoning of air electrodes,causing substantial degradation in electrochemical performance and compromising the longterm stability of SOCs.This mini-review examines the mechanism of Cr deposition and poisoning in air electrodes under both fuel-cell and electrolysis modes.Furthermore,emphasis is placed on the recent advancements in strategies to mitigate Cr poisoning,offering insights into the rational design and development of active and Cr-tolerant air electrodes for SOCs.展开更多
Reversible solid oxide cell(RSOC)is a new energy conversion device with significant applications,especially for power grid peaking shaving.However,the reversible conversion process of power generation/energy storage p...Reversible solid oxide cell(RSOC)is a new energy conversion device with significant applications,especially for power grid peaking shaving.However,the reversible conversion process of power generation/energy storage poses challenges for the performance and stability of air electrodes.In this work,a novel high-entropy perovskite oxide La_(0.2)Pr_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Sr_(0.2)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3−δ)(HE-LSCF)is proposed and investigated as an air electrode in RSOC.The electrochemical behavior of HE-LSCF was studied as an air electrode in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes.The polarization impedance(Rp)of the HE-LSCF electrode is only 0.25Ω·cm^(2) at 800℃ in an air atmosphere.Notably,at an electrolytic voltage of 2 V and a temperature of 800℃,the current density reaches up to 1.68 A/cm^(2).The HE-LSCF air electrode exhibited excellent reversibility and stability,and its electrochemical performance remains stable after 100 h of reversible operation.With these advantages,HE-LSCF is shown to be an excellent air electrode for RSOC.展开更多
Membrane electrode assembly(MEA)is widely considered to be the most promising type of electrolyzer for the practical application of electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).In MEAs,a square-shaped cross-sec...Membrane electrode assembly(MEA)is widely considered to be the most promising type of electrolyzer for the practical application of electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).In MEAs,a square-shaped cross-section in the flow channel is normally adopted,the configuration optimization of which could potentially enhance the performance of the electrolyzer.This paper describes the numerical simulation study on the impact of the flow-channel cross-section shapes in the MEA electrolyzer for CO_(2)RR.The results show that wide flow channels with low heights are beneficial to the CO_(2)RR by providing a uniform flow field of CO_(2),especially at high current densities.Moreover,the larger the electrolyzer,the more significant the effect is.This study provides a theoretical basis for the design of high-performance MEA electrolyzers for CO_(2)RR.展开更多
Improvements in aero-engine performance have made the structures of the aero-engine components increasingly complex.To better adapt to the processing requirements of narrow twisted channels such as an integral shroude...Improvements in aero-engine performance have made the structures of the aero-engine components increasingly complex.To better adapt to the processing requirements of narrow twisted channels such as an integral shrouded blisk,this study proposes an innovative method of electrochemical cutting in which a flexible tube electrode is controlled by online deformation during processing.In this study,the processing principle of electrochemical cutting with a flexible electrode for controlled online deformation(FECC)was revealed for the first time.The online deformation process of flexible electrodes and the machining process of profiles were analysed in depth,and the corresponding theoretical models were established.Conventional electrochemical machining(ECM)is a multi-physical field-coupled process involving electric and flow fields.In FECC,classical mechanics are introduced into the tool cathode,which must be loaded at all times during the machining process.Therefore,in this study,before and after the deformation of the flexible electrode,a corresponding simulation study was conducted to understand the influence of the online deformation of the flexible electrode on the flow and electric fields.The feasibility of flexible electrodes for online deformation and the validity of the theoretical model were verified by deformation measurements and in situ observation experiments.Finally,the method was successfully applied to the machining of nickel-based high-temperature alloys,and different specifications of flexible electrodes were used to complete the machining of the corresponding complex profiles,thereby verifying the feasibility and versatility of the method.The method proposed in this study breaks the tradition of using a non-deformable cathode for ECM and adopts a flexible electrode that can be deformed during the machining process as the tool cathode,which improves machining flexibility and provides a valuable reference to promote the ECM of complex profiles.展开更多
Sodium(Na)and magnesium(Mg)are becoming important for making energy-storage batteries and structural materials.Herein,we develop a liquid-metal-electrode-assisted electrolysis route to producing Na and Mg with low-car...Sodium(Na)and magnesium(Mg)are becoming important for making energy-storage batteries and structural materials.Herein,we develop a liquid-metal-electrode-assisted electrolysis route to producing Na and Mg with low-carbon emissions and no chlorine gas evolution.The clean production stems from the choice of a molten NaCl-Na_(2)CO_(3) electrolyte to prevent chlorine gas evolution,an inert nickel-based anode to produce oxygen,and a liquid metal cathode to make the cathodic product sit at the bottom of the electrolytic cell.We achieve a current efficiency of>90%for the electrolytic production of liquid Na-Sn alloy.Later,Mg-Sn alloy is prepared using the obtained Na-Sn alloy to displace Mg from molten NaCl-MgCl_(2) with a displacement efficiency of>96%.Further,Na and Mg are separated from the electrolytic Na-Sn and displaced Mg-Sn alloys by vacuum distillation with a recovery rate of>92%and Sn can be reused.Using this electrolysisdisplacement-distillation(EDD)approach,we prepare Mg from seawater.The CO_(2)emission of the EDD approach is~20.6 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg,which is less than that of the Australian Magnesium(AM)electrolysis process(~25.0 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg)and less than half that of the Pidgeon process(~45.2 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg).展开更多
Improving the volumetric energy density of supercapacitors is essential for practical applications,which highly relies on the dense storage of ions in carbon-based electrodes.The functional units of carbon-based elect...Improving the volumetric energy density of supercapacitors is essential for practical applications,which highly relies on the dense storage of ions in carbon-based electrodes.The functional units of carbon-based electrode exhibit multi-scale structural characteristics including macroscopic electrode morphologies,mesoscopic microcrystals and pores,and microscopic defects and dopants in the carbon basal plane.Therefore,the ordered combination of multi-scale structures of carbon electrode is crucial for achieving dense energy storage and high volumetric performance by leveraging the functions of various scale structu re.Considering that previous reviews have focused more on the discussion of specific scale structu re of carbon electrodes,this review takes a multi-scale perspective in which recent progresses regarding the structureperformance relationship,underlying mechanism and directional design of carbon-based multi-scale structures including carbon morphology,pore structure,carbon basal plane micro-environment and electrode technology on dense energy storage and volumetric property of supercapacitors are systematically discussed.We analyzed in detail the effects of the morphology,pore,and micro-environment of carbon electrode materials on ion dense storage,summarized the specific effects of different scale structures on volumetric property and recent research progress,and proposed the mutual influence and trade-off relationship between various scale structures.In addition,the challenges and outlooks for improving the dense storage and volumetric performance of carbon-based supercapacitors are analyzed,which can provide feasible technical reference and guidance for the design and manufacture of dense carbon-based electrode materials.展开更多
Thick electrodes can reduce the ratio of inactive constituents in a holistic energy storage system while improving energy and power densities.Unfortunately,traditional slurry-casting electrodes induce high-tortuous io...Thick electrodes can reduce the ratio of inactive constituents in a holistic energy storage system while improving energy and power densities.Unfortunately,traditional slurry-casting electrodes induce high-tortuous ionic diffusion routes that directly depress the capacitance with a thickening design.To overcome this,a novel 3D low-tortuosity,self-supporting,wood-structured ultrathick electrode(NiMoN@WC,a thickness of~1400 mm)with hierarchical porosity and artificial array-distributed small holes was constructed via anchoring bimetallic nitrides into the monolithic wood carbons.Accompanying the embedded NiMoN nanoclusters with well-designed geometric and electronic structure,the vertically low-tortuous channels,enlarged specific surface area and pore volume,superhydrophilic interface,and excellent charge conductivities,a superior capacitance of NiMoN@WC thick electrodes(~5350 mF cm^(-2)and 184.5 F g^(-1))is achieved without the structural deformation.In especial,monolithic wood carbons with gradient porous network not only function as the high-flux matrices to ameliorate the NiMoN loading via cell wall engineering but also allow fully-exposed electroactive substance and efficient current collection,thereby deliver an acceptable rate capability over 75%retention even at a high sweep rate of 20 mA cm^(-2).Additionally,an asymmetric NiMoN@WC//WC supercapacitor with an available working voltage of 1.0-1.8 V is assembled to demonstrate a maximum energy density of~2.04 mWh cm^(-2)(17.4 Wh kg^(-1))at a power density of 1620 mW cm^(-2),along with a decent long-term lifespan over 10,000 charging-discharging cycles.As a guideline,the rational design of wood ultrathick electrode with nanostructured transition metal nitrides sketch a promising blueprint for alleviating global energy scarcity while expanding carbon-neutral technologies.展开更多
This study explores the potential of Michelia champaca wood as a sustainable and locally available precursor for the fabrication of high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.Activated carbons were synthesized through...This study explores the potential of Michelia champaca wood as a sustainable and locally available precursor for the fabrication of high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.Activated carbons were synthesized through single-step carbonization at 400℃ and 500℃(SSC-400℃ and SSC-500℃) and double-step carbonization at 400℃(DSC-400℃),with all samples activated using H_(3)PO_(4).The effects of carbonization stratergy on the structural,morphological,and electrochemical characteristics of the resulting carbon materials were systematically evaluated,using techniques such as BET,SEM,TEM,XRD,Raman scattering,FTIR,CV,GCD and EIS.Among the samples,SSC-400℃ exhibited the best electrochemical performance,achieving a specific capacitance of 292.2 Fg^(-1),an energy density of 6.4 Wh kg^(-1),and a power density of 198.4 W kg^(-1).This superior performance is attributed to its optimized pore structure,improved sur-face functionality and enhanced conductivity.SSC-500℃showed marginally lower performance,whereas,DSC-400℃ displayed the least favorable results,indicating that double-step carbonization process may negatively affect material quality by disrupting the pore network.This work highlights a strong correlation between synthesis methodology and electrochemical efficiency,directly reinforcing the importance of process optimization in electrode material develop-ment.The findings contribute to the broader goal of developing cost-effective,renewable and environmentally friendly energy storage systems.By valorizing biomass waste,the study supports global movements toward green energy technologies and circular carbon economies,offering a viable pathway for sustainable supercapacitor development and practical applications in energy storage devices.展开更多
With the continuous development of wearable electronics,wireless sensor networks and other micro-electronic devices,there is an increasingly urgent need for miniature,flexible and efficient nanopower generation techno...With the continuous development of wearable electronics,wireless sensor networks and other micro-electronic devices,there is an increasingly urgent need for miniature,flexible and efficient nanopower generation technology.Triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)technology can convert small mechanical energy into electricity,which is expected to address this problem.As the core component of TENG,the choice of electrode materials significantly affects its performance.Traditional metal electrode materials often suffer from problems such as durability,which limits the further application of TENG.Graphene,as a novel electrode material,shows excellent prospects for application in TENG owing to its unique structure and excellent electrical properties.This review systematically summarizes the recent research progress and application prospects of TENGs based on graphene electrodes.Various precision processing methods of graphene electrodes are introduced,and the applications of graphene electrode-based TENGs in various scenarios as well as the enhancement of graphene electrodes for TENG performance are discussed.In addition,the future development of graphene electrode-based TENGs is also prospectively discussed,aiming to promote the continuous advancement of graphene electrode-based TENGs.展开更多
基金the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (400705) for funding this study
文摘A sensitive and specific immunosensor for the detection of the hormones cortisol and lactate in human or animal biological fluids, such as sweat and saliva, was devised using the label-free electrochemical chronoamperometric technique. By using these fluids instead of blood,the biosensor becomes noninvasive and is less stressful to the end user, who may be a small child or a farm animal.Electroreduced graphene oxide(e-RGO) was used as a synergistic platform for signal amplification and template for bioconjugation for the sensing mechanism on a screenprinted electrode. The cortisol and lactate antibodies were bioconjugated to the e-RGO using covalent carbodiimide chemistry. Label-free electrochemical chronoamperometric detection was used to analyze the response to the desired biomolecules over the wide detection range. A detection limit of 0.1 ng mL^(-1) for cortisol and 0.1 mM for lactate was established and a correlation between concentration and current was observed. A portable, handheld potentiostat assembled with Bluetooth communication and battery operation enables the developed system for point-of-care applications. A sandwich-like structure containing the sensing mechanisms as a prototype was designed to secure the biosensor to skin and use capillary action to draw sweat or other fluids toward the sensing mechanism. Overall, the immunosensor shows remarkable specificity, sensitivity as well as the noninvasive and point-of-care capabilities and allows the biosensor to be used as a versatile sensing platform in both developed and developing countries.
基金The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support granted by CNPq,INEO,CAPES and FAPESP(Grant Nos.:2018/22214-6,2017/24053-7 and 2016/0991-5).
文摘Monitoring the concentration of antibiotics in body fluids is essential to optimizing the therapy and minimizing the risk of bacteria resistance,which can be made with electrochemical sensors tailored with appropriate materials.In this paper,we report on sensors made with screen-printed electrodes(SPE)coated with fullerene(C60),reduced graphene oxide(rGO)and Nafion(NF)(C60-rGO-NF/SPE)to determine the antibiotic metronidazole(MTZ).Under optimized conditions,the C60-rGO-NF/SPE sensor exhibited a linear response in square wave voltammetry for MTZ concentrations from 2.5×10^(-7) to 34×10^(-6) mol/L,with a detection limit of 2.1×10^(-7) mol/L.This sensor was also capable of detecting MTZ in serum and urine,with recovery between 94%and 100%,which are similar to those of the standard chromatographic method(HPLC-UV).Because the C60-rGO-NF/SPE sensor is amenable to mass production and allows for MTZ determination with simple principles of detection,it fulfills the requirements of therapeutic drug monitoring programs.
基金financially supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.LQ17B050002)Analysis and Measurement Foundation of Zhejiang Province(No.2015C37068)
文摘A novel electrochemical method for the rapid detection of organophosphorus pesticide residues was realized on a dual-channel screen-printed electrode （DSPE） that was integrated with a portable smartphone-controlled potentiostat. The two carbon working channels of DSPE were first modified by electrodepositing of Prussian blue. The channels were then modified with acetylcholinesterase （ACHE） via Nation. The inhibition ratio of AChE was detected by comparing the electrical current of acetylthiocholine （ATCh） that was catalyzed by the enzyme electrodes with （channel 1） and without （channel 2） organophosphorus pesticide. Inhibition ratios were related with the negative logarithm of the organophosphorus pesticide （trichlorfon, oxamyl, and isocarbophos） concentrations at optimum experimental conditions （pH 6.9 of electrolyte, 0.2V working potential, 2.5μL AChE modification amount, and 15 min inhibition time）. The linear equations were 1%=32.301gC＋ 253.3 （R=0.9750） for isocarbophos, I% = 35.991gC＋ 270.1 （R = 0.9668） for chlorpyrifos, and 1% = 33.701gC＋ 250.5 （R = 0.9606） for trichlorfon. The detection limits were calculated as 10-7 g/mL. Given that the inhibition ratios were only related with pesticide concentration and not with pesticide species, the proposed electrodes and electrometer can rapidly detect universal organophosphorus pesticides and assess pesticide pollution.
文摘In this study, gold nanoparticles and thermochromic composite films modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (TM-AuNPsSPCEs) were developed as a platform for the simultaneous detection of protein and temperature. The TM-AuNPs composited film had better sensitivity resulting from the gold nanoparticles amplification effect. A phase transition model analysis of TM-AuNPs films found that the TM-AuNPs films had three-phase transition intervals (<45℃, 45℃ to 80℃ and >80℃) which accommodated the temperature requirements for protein denaturation. When used to detect different concentrations of haemoglobin (Hb) solution, the TM-AuNPs modified SPCEs had a better sensitivity in detecting the different concentrations in comparison to TM and AuNP modified SPCEs which showed no clear sensitivity towards the different Hb concentrations. The dual detection and excellent sensitivity show a good application prospect for the study of the TM-AuNPs composite film.
文摘We report the fabrication of disposable and flexible Screen-Printed Electrodes (SPEs). This new type of screen-printed electrochemical platform consists of Ag nanoparticles (AgNPs) and graphite composite. For this purpose, silver nanoparticles were first synthesized by a chemical reduction method. The morphology and structure of the AgNPs were analyzed using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and UV-Visible spectroscopy. Graphite was chosen as the working electrode material for the fabrication of a thick-film. The fabrication of a screen-printed hydrogen peroxide biosensor consisting of three electrodes on a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate was performed with a spraying approach (working, counter and reference: enzyme electrode, graphite, pseudo reference: Ag/AgCl). This biosensor was fabricated by immobilizing the peroxidase enzyme (HRP) in a Titania sol-gel membrane which was obtained through a vapor deposition method. The biosensor had electrocatalytic activity in the reduction of H2O2 with linear dependence on H2O2 concentration in the range of 10-5 to 10-3 M;the detection limit was 4.5 × 10-6 M.
基金Funded by Cofoe Medical Technology Co.,Ltd and the Scientific Research Start-up Funds of Hexi University(No.KYQD2022006)。
文摘CuO nanoparticles were successfully synthesized via a two-jet electrospun method,and then screen-printed on silver-carbon electrodes,forming CuO-modified Ag-C(CuO/Ag-C)disposable strip electrodes.In natural environment condition for glucose detection,the obtained CuO/Ag-C electrodes show a high sensitivity of 540 nA·mM^(-1)·cm^(-2),and a low limit of detection(0.68 mM)in a wide linear response range of 0.68 mM and 3 mM(signal/noise=3),respectively.In addition,the CuO/Ag-C electrodes also exhibit excellent anti-interference,air stability and repeatability.As a result,the fabrication of CuO nanoparticles via an electrospun process and the technique of screen-printed electrodes are of great significance for glucose detection.
文摘Even in small concentrations,toxic metals like lead,cadmium,and mercury are dangerous to the environment and human health.Environmental monitoring depends on precisely identifying these heavy metals,particularly cadmium ions(Cd(Ⅱ)).In this study,we present a novel screen-printed carbon electrode(SPCE)modified with single crystallineα-Fe_(2)O_(3)nano-hexagons that functions as a sensor for detecting Cd(Ⅱ).The performance of the fabricated sensor was thoroughly assessed and compared with unmodified SPCE using the voltammetric method.The crystalline structure of the synthesizedα-Fe_(2)O_(3)nano-hexagons was confirmed through XRD,and surface analysis revealed an average diameter and thickness of 86 nm and 9 nm,respectively.Theα-Fe_(2)O_(3)modified SPCE yields a 7-fold enhanced response(at pH 5.0 vs.Ag/AgCl)to Cd(Ⅱ)than bare SPCE.The modified electrode effectively detects Cd(Ⅱ)with a linear response range of up to 333.0μmol/L and a detection limit of 0.65 nmol/L under ideal circumstances.This newly fabricated sensor offers significant potential for environmental monitoring applications by providing outstanding practicality,anti-interference ability,and repeatability for detecting Cd(Ⅱ)in water samples.
文摘The electrochemical oxidation behavior and voltammetric assay of gemifloxacin were investigated using differential-pulse and cyclic voltammetry on a screen-printed carbon electrode.The effects of pH,scan rates,and concentration of the drug on the anodic peak current were studied.Voltammograms of gemifloxacin in Tris-HCl buffer（pH 7.0） exhibited a well-defined single oxidation peak.A differential-pulse voltammetric procedure for the quantitation of gemifloxacin has been developed and suitably validated with respect to linearity,limits of detection and quantification,accuracy,precision,specificity,and robustness.The calibration was linear from 0.5 to 10.0 μM,and the limits of detection and quantification were 0.15 and 5.0 μM.Recoveries ranging from 96.26% to 103.64% were obtained.The method was successfully applied to the determination of gemifloxacin in pharmaceutical tablets without any pre-treatment.Excipients present in the tablets did not interfere in the assay.
文摘Based on poly(vinyl chloride) membranes, a novel miniaturized screen-printed all-solid-state copper(II)-selective electrode has been developed for applications in environmental monitoring. Performance and applicability of the ion-selective electrode (ISE) have been proved by potentiometric investigations. Conducting polymers were used as intermediate layers and as solid contacts between the ion-selective membrane and the graphite transducer. The ion-complexing reagent 2-mercapto-benzoxazole was incorporated into poly(vinyl chloride) membranes. In the concentration range 10<sup>-6</sup> - 10<sup>-2</sup> mol/L, the ISE exhibited a linear Nernstian potential response to copper(II) with an average slope value of 28 mV/decade. The detection limit was 3 × 10<sup>-7</sup> mol/L. The electrode exhibits a short response time (<10 s) and can be used in the range of pH = 3 - 7. Selectivity coefficents against certain interfering ions are investigated. The life time of the electrode under laboratory conditions was approximately 12-month. The electrode was applied in the investigation of different aqueous environmental samples and the electrode characteristics were described. The copper(II) ASS electrode has also successfully been used in potentiometric, complexometric titrations with ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid.
基金supported by the People Programme(Marie Curie Actions)of the 7th Framework Programme of the European Union(FP7/2007-2013)under the REA grant agreement no.600388(TECNIOspring programme)the Agency for Business Competitiveness of the Government of Catalonia(ACCIO)+1 种基金financial support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 767678supported by the Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek FWO via project MiCrO2(Grant number G020616N).
文摘are time-consuming and not sensitive enough.However,bacteria typically connect to electrodes through biofilm formation,leading to problems due to lack of uniformity or long device production times.A suitable immobilisation technique can overcome these challenges.Still,they may respond more slowly than biofilm-based electrodes because bacteria gradually adapt to electron transfer during biofilm formation.In this study,we propose a controlled and reproducible way to fabricate bacteria-modified electrodes.The method consists of an immobilisation step using a cellulose matrix,followed by an electrode polarization in the presence of ferricyanide and glucose.Our process is short,reproducible and led us to obtain ready-to-use electrodes featuring a high-current response.An excellent shelf-life of the immobilised electrochemically active bacteria was demonstrated for up to one year.After an initial 50% activity loss in the first month,no further declines have been observed over the following 11 months.We implemented our bacteria-modified electrodes to fabricate a lateral flow platform for toxicity monitoring using formaldehyde(3%).Its addition led to a 59% current decrease approximately 20 min after the toxic input.The methods presented here offer the ability to develop a high sensitivity,easy to produce,and long shelf life bacteria-based toxicity detectors.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22378431,52004338,51622406,21673298)Hunan Provincial Natural Science Foundation(2023JJ40210,2022JJ20075)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province(2023RC3259)the Key R&D plan of Hunan Province(2024JK2096)Scientifc Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department(23B0699)Central South University Innovation-Driven Research Programme(2023CXQD008).
文摘High-entropy materials represent a new category of high-performance materials,first proposed in 2004 and extensively investigated by researchers over the past two decades.The definition of high-entropy materials has continuously evolved.In the last ten years,the discovery of an increasing number of high-entropy materials has led to significant advancements in their utilization in energy storage,electrocatalysis,and related domains,accompanied by a rise in techniques for fabricating high-entropy electrode materials.Recently,the research emphasis has shifted from solely improving the performance of high-entropy materials toward exploring their reaction mechanisms and adopting cleaner preparation approaches.However,the current definition of high-entropy materials remains relatively vague,and the preparation method of high-entropy materials is based on the preparation method of single metal/low-or medium-entropy materials.It should be noted that not all methods applicable to single metal/low-or medium-entropy materials can be directly applied to high-entropy materials.In this review,the definition and development of high-entropy materials are briefly reviewed.Subsequently,the classification of high-entropy electrode materials is presented,followed by a discussion of their applications in energy storage and catalysis from the perspective of synthesis methods.Finally,an evaluation of the advantages and disadvantages of various synthesis methods in the production process of different high-entropy materials is provided,along with a proposal for potential future development directions for high-entropy materials.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(22279018)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22005055)Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(2022J01085).
文摘Solid oxide cells(SOCs)are emerging devices for efficient energy storage and conversion.However,during SOC operation,gaseous chromium(Cr)species released from Fe-Cr alloy interconnect can lead to Cr deposition and poisoning of air electrodes,causing substantial degradation in electrochemical performance and compromising the longterm stability of SOCs.This mini-review examines the mechanism of Cr deposition and poisoning in air electrodes under both fuel-cell and electrolysis modes.Furthermore,emphasis is placed on the recent advancements in strategies to mitigate Cr poisoning,offering insights into the rational design and development of active and Cr-tolerant air electrodes for SOCs.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2023KYJD1008)the Science Research Projects of the Anhui Higher Education Institutions of China(2022AH051582).
文摘Reversible solid oxide cell(RSOC)is a new energy conversion device with significant applications,especially for power grid peaking shaving.However,the reversible conversion process of power generation/energy storage poses challenges for the performance and stability of air electrodes.In this work,a novel high-entropy perovskite oxide La_(0.2)Pr_(0.2)Gd_(0.2)Sm_(0.2)Sr_(0.2)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3−δ)(HE-LSCF)is proposed and investigated as an air electrode in RSOC.The electrochemical behavior of HE-LSCF was studied as an air electrode in both fuel cell and electrolysis modes.The polarization impedance(Rp)of the HE-LSCF electrode is only 0.25Ω·cm^(2) at 800℃ in an air atmosphere.Notably,at an electrolytic voltage of 2 V and a temperature of 800℃,the current density reaches up to 1.68 A/cm^(2).The HE-LSCF air electrode exhibited excellent reversibility and stability,and its electrochemical performance remains stable after 100 h of reversible operation.With these advantages,HE-LSCF is shown to be an excellent air electrode for RSOC.
基金the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFA1501503)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22250008,22121004,22108197)+3 种基金the Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations(No.CYZC202107)the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin City(No.21JCZXJC00060)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(No.BP0618007)the Xplorer Prize for financial support。
文摘Membrane electrode assembly(MEA)is widely considered to be the most promising type of electrolyzer for the practical application of electrochemical CO_(2) reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR).In MEAs,a square-shaped cross-section in the flow channel is normally adopted,the configuration optimization of which could potentially enhance the performance of the electrolyzer.This paper describes the numerical simulation study on the impact of the flow-channel cross-section shapes in the MEA electrolyzer for CO_(2)RR.The results show that wide flow channels with low heights are beneficial to the CO_(2)RR by providing a uniform flow field of CO_(2),especially at high current densities.Moreover,the larger the electrolyzer,the more significant the effect is.This study provides a theoretical basis for the design of high-performance MEA electrolyzers for CO_(2)RR.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52375443)the Innovative Research Group Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51921003).
文摘Improvements in aero-engine performance have made the structures of the aero-engine components increasingly complex.To better adapt to the processing requirements of narrow twisted channels such as an integral shrouded blisk,this study proposes an innovative method of electrochemical cutting in which a flexible tube electrode is controlled by online deformation during processing.In this study,the processing principle of electrochemical cutting with a flexible electrode for controlled online deformation(FECC)was revealed for the first time.The online deformation process of flexible electrodes and the machining process of profiles were analysed in depth,and the corresponding theoretical models were established.Conventional electrochemical machining(ECM)is a multi-physical field-coupled process involving electric and flow fields.In FECC,classical mechanics are introduced into the tool cathode,which must be loaded at all times during the machining process.Therefore,in this study,before and after the deformation of the flexible electrode,a corresponding simulation study was conducted to understand the influence of the online deformation of the flexible electrode on the flow and electric fields.The feasibility of flexible electrodes for online deformation and the validity of the theoretical model were verified by deformation measurements and in situ observation experiments.Finally,the method was successfully applied to the machining of nickel-based high-temperature alloys,and different specifications of flexible electrodes were used to complete the machining of the corresponding complex profiles,thereby verifying the feasibility and versatility of the method.The method proposed in this study breaks the tradition of using a non-deformable cathode for ECM and adopts a flexible electrode that can be deformed during the machining process as the tool cathode,which improves machining flexibility and provides a valuable reference to promote the ECM of complex profiles.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No’s.U22B2071,51874211,52031008)the Chilwee Group(CWDY-ZH-YJY-202101-001).
文摘Sodium(Na)and magnesium(Mg)are becoming important for making energy-storage batteries and structural materials.Herein,we develop a liquid-metal-electrode-assisted electrolysis route to producing Na and Mg with low-carbon emissions and no chlorine gas evolution.The clean production stems from the choice of a molten NaCl-Na_(2)CO_(3) electrolyte to prevent chlorine gas evolution,an inert nickel-based anode to produce oxygen,and a liquid metal cathode to make the cathodic product sit at the bottom of the electrolytic cell.We achieve a current efficiency of>90%for the electrolytic production of liquid Na-Sn alloy.Later,Mg-Sn alloy is prepared using the obtained Na-Sn alloy to displace Mg from molten NaCl-MgCl_(2) with a displacement efficiency of>96%.Further,Na and Mg are separated from the electrolytic Na-Sn and displaced Mg-Sn alloys by vacuum distillation with a recovery rate of>92%and Sn can be reused.Using this electrolysisdisplacement-distillation(EDD)approach,we prepare Mg from seawater.The CO_(2)emission of the EDD approach is~20.6 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg,which is less than that of the Australian Magnesium(AM)electrolysis process(~25.0 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg)and less than half that of the Pidgeon process(~45.2 kg CO_(2)per kg Mg).
基金funded by the Joint Fund for Regional Innovation and Development of National Natural Science Foundation of China(U21A20143)the National Science Fund for Excellent Young Scholars(52322607)the Excellent Youth Foundation of Heilongjiang Scientific Committee(YQ2022E028)。
文摘Improving the volumetric energy density of supercapacitors is essential for practical applications,which highly relies on the dense storage of ions in carbon-based electrodes.The functional units of carbon-based electrode exhibit multi-scale structural characteristics including macroscopic electrode morphologies,mesoscopic microcrystals and pores,and microscopic defects and dopants in the carbon basal plane.Therefore,the ordered combination of multi-scale structures of carbon electrode is crucial for achieving dense energy storage and high volumetric performance by leveraging the functions of various scale structu re.Considering that previous reviews have focused more on the discussion of specific scale structu re of carbon electrodes,this review takes a multi-scale perspective in which recent progresses regarding the structureperformance relationship,underlying mechanism and directional design of carbon-based multi-scale structures including carbon morphology,pore structure,carbon basal plane micro-environment and electrode technology on dense energy storage and volumetric property of supercapacitors are systematically discussed.We analyzed in detail the effects of the morphology,pore,and micro-environment of carbon electrode materials on ion dense storage,summarized the specific effects of different scale structures on volumetric property and recent research progress,and proposed the mutual influence and trade-off relationship between various scale structures.In addition,the challenges and outlooks for improving the dense storage and volumetric performance of carbon-based supercapacitors are analyzed,which can provide feasible technical reference and guidance for the design and manufacture of dense carbon-based electrode materials.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32171728)Wuhan Knowledge Innovation Project(2022020801020312).
文摘Thick electrodes can reduce the ratio of inactive constituents in a holistic energy storage system while improving energy and power densities.Unfortunately,traditional slurry-casting electrodes induce high-tortuous ionic diffusion routes that directly depress the capacitance with a thickening design.To overcome this,a novel 3D low-tortuosity,self-supporting,wood-structured ultrathick electrode(NiMoN@WC,a thickness of~1400 mm)with hierarchical porosity and artificial array-distributed small holes was constructed via anchoring bimetallic nitrides into the monolithic wood carbons.Accompanying the embedded NiMoN nanoclusters with well-designed geometric and electronic structure,the vertically low-tortuous channels,enlarged specific surface area and pore volume,superhydrophilic interface,and excellent charge conductivities,a superior capacitance of NiMoN@WC thick electrodes(~5350 mF cm^(-2)and 184.5 F g^(-1))is achieved without the structural deformation.In especial,monolithic wood carbons with gradient porous network not only function as the high-flux matrices to ameliorate the NiMoN loading via cell wall engineering but also allow fully-exposed electroactive substance and efficient current collection,thereby deliver an acceptable rate capability over 75%retention even at a high sweep rate of 20 mA cm^(-2).Additionally,an asymmetric NiMoN@WC//WC supercapacitor with an available working voltage of 1.0-1.8 V is assembled to demonstrate a maximum energy density of~2.04 mWh cm^(-2)(17.4 Wh kg^(-1))at a power density of 1620 mW cm^(-2),along with a decent long-term lifespan over 10,000 charging-discharging cycles.As a guideline,the rational design of wood ultrathick electrode with nanostructured transition metal nitrides sketch a promising blueprint for alleviating global energy scarcity while expanding carbon-neutral technologies.
文摘This study explores the potential of Michelia champaca wood as a sustainable and locally available precursor for the fabrication of high-performance supercapacitor electrodes.Activated carbons were synthesized through single-step carbonization at 400℃ and 500℃(SSC-400℃ and SSC-500℃) and double-step carbonization at 400℃(DSC-400℃),with all samples activated using H_(3)PO_(4).The effects of carbonization stratergy on the structural,morphological,and electrochemical characteristics of the resulting carbon materials were systematically evaluated,using techniques such as BET,SEM,TEM,XRD,Raman scattering,FTIR,CV,GCD and EIS.Among the samples,SSC-400℃ exhibited the best electrochemical performance,achieving a specific capacitance of 292.2 Fg^(-1),an energy density of 6.4 Wh kg^(-1),and a power density of 198.4 W kg^(-1).This superior performance is attributed to its optimized pore structure,improved sur-face functionality and enhanced conductivity.SSC-500℃showed marginally lower performance,whereas,DSC-400℃ displayed the least favorable results,indicating that double-step carbonization process may negatively affect material quality by disrupting the pore network.This work highlights a strong correlation between synthesis methodology and electrochemical efficiency,directly reinforcing the importance of process optimization in electrode material develop-ment.The findings contribute to the broader goal of developing cost-effective,renewable and environmentally friendly energy storage systems.By valorizing biomass waste,the study supports global movements toward green energy technologies and circular carbon economies,offering a viable pathway for sustainable supercapacitor development and practical applications in energy storage devices.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant No.52422511,U20A6004)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(grant No.2022B1515120011)Guangzhou Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(grant No.2024A04J6362).
文摘With the continuous development of wearable electronics,wireless sensor networks and other micro-electronic devices,there is an increasingly urgent need for miniature,flexible and efficient nanopower generation technology.Triboelectric nanogenerator(TENG)technology can convert small mechanical energy into electricity,which is expected to address this problem.As the core component of TENG,the choice of electrode materials significantly affects its performance.Traditional metal electrode materials often suffer from problems such as durability,which limits the further application of TENG.Graphene,as a novel electrode material,shows excellent prospects for application in TENG owing to its unique structure and excellent electrical properties.This review systematically summarizes the recent research progress and application prospects of TENGs based on graphene electrodes.Various precision processing methods of graphene electrodes are introduced,and the applications of graphene electrode-based TENGs in various scenarios as well as the enhancement of graphene electrodes for TENG performance are discussed.In addition,the future development of graphene electrode-based TENGs is also prospectively discussed,aiming to promote the continuous advancement of graphene electrode-based TENGs.
