Too much screen time is bad for your brain and body.It can also waste your time.So,try to spend less time on scree ns.Changing habits is not easy,but you can do it.Use an app to track your time on your smartphone.Do y...Too much screen time is bad for your brain and body.It can also waste your time.So,try to spend less time on scree ns.Changing habits is not easy,but you can do it.Use an app to track your time on your smartphone.Do you waste a lot of time on some ofyour phone apps?Take them off or set time limits for them.Less screen time means more free time for other things.Go hiking,visit a museum or try a new hobby.Use your phone less and appreciate life more.展开更多
Background: Given the low levels of physical activity(PA) among adolescent girls in the US, there is a need to identify tools to motivate increased PA. Although there is limited evidence that adolescents transfer PA f...Background: Given the low levels of physical activity(PA) among adolescent girls in the US, there is a need to identify tools to motivate increased PA. Although there is limited evidence that adolescents transfer PA from one context to another, exergames(i.e., video games that require gross motor activity) may act as a gateway to promote overall PA outside game play. The purpose of this study was to examine potential transfer effects(i.e., influences on external behaviors and psychological constructs) of a 12-week exergaming intervention on adolescent girls' PA, screen time,and self-efficacy toward PA, as well as the intrinsic motivation of exergaming.Methods: Participants were 37 girls aged 14–18 years(65% African American, 35% white) who were overweight or obese(body mass index ≥ 85 th percentile) and were recruited from the community via school, physicians, news media, and social media websites. Adolescents were randomly assigned to a 12-week group exergaming intervention(thirty-six 60 min sessions of group-based dance exergaming in a research laboratory using Kinect for Xbox360(Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA)) or to a no-treatment control group. Outcome variables included objectively measured PA(total) and self-reported leisure-time PA(discretionary time only) 1 week before vs. 1 week after the intervention; selected type and intensity of PA when placed in a gym setting for 30 min("cardio free choice"); screen time; self-efficacy toward PA; and intrinsic motivation toward exergaming.Results: Attendance at the exergaming sessions was high(80%). Compared with the control group, the intervention group self-reported an increase in PA(p = 0.035) and fewer hours watching television or videos(p = 0.01) after the intervention, but there were no significant differences in sedentary, light, moderate, or vigorous PA measured by accelerometry. The intervention group significantly improved self-efficacy toward PA(p = 0.028). The intervention group highly rated intrinsic motivation toward exergaming.Conclusion: Exergaming for 12 weeks was associated with positive impacts on adolescent girls' self-reported PA, television viewing, self-efficacy,and intrinsic motivation. Future research is warranted to leverage exergames as an enjoyable, motivating, and effective PA tool.展开更多
Little is known on the association between movement behaviors including physical activity(PA),screen time(ST)and sleep(SLP)with depression in adolescents.This study aimed to explore the associations of PA,ST and SLP w...Little is known on the association between movement behaviors including physical activity(PA),screen time(ST)and sleep(SLP)with depression in adolescents.This study aimed to explore the associations of PA,ST and SLP with depressive symptoms in adolescents.A total of 1,331 middle school students participated in this survey and provided valid data pertaining to the study variables.Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect information on participants’sociodemographic parameters.The Health Behavior in School-aged Children Questionnaire was used to assess the PA(days for moderate to vigorous PA),ST(daily hours of ST)and SLP(daily hours of SLP).Study participants’depressive symptoms were assessed using the Children’s Depression Inventory.Generalized linear models were used to estimate the associations of PA,ST and SLP with depressive symptoms.Of all the 1331 study participants,boys accounted for 51.31%and percentage of 7th,8th and 9th graders were 52.44%,23.22%and 24.34%,respectively.After controlling for sex,body mass index,grade,ethnicity,residence,siblings,perceived family affluence,father and mother educational level,only ST was positively associated with depressive symptoms(beta=0.17,p=0.005).This study suggests that excessive ST would be detrimental to depressive symptoms in adolescents.It may be effective to reduce ST for depression intervention or prevention.Future studies are encouraged to use an improved study design to confirm or negate this study’s researchfindings.展开更多
Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between active transportation, screen time and sleep quality among metabolically health versus unhealthy Congolese schoolboys and girls obese. Method: A cross-sec...Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between active transportation, screen time and sleep quality among metabolically health versus unhealthy Congolese schoolboys and girls obese. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 58 obese aged 15.36 ± 1.22 years in Brazzaville (Republic of Congo). They were divided into metabolically healthy obese (MHO, n = 29) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO, n = 29). Data collection consisted of anthropometric measurements, lipids profile parameters, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the screen time measurements. The relationship was analyzed by using the logistic regression for healthy and unhealthy schoolboys and obese girls. Results: Compared to MUH obese subjects, MUHO obese subjects were significantly less engaged in active transportation (p = 0.03), TV and smartphone times significantly increased (p = 0.000 and p = 0.003), sleep quality significantly poor (p = 0.001). They were 1.85 (95% CI: 0.85 - 3.88) lower odds to engage in active transportation, had 1.82 (95% CI: 1.11 - 3.10) and 2.04 (95% CI: 1.11 - 3.10) higher odds of TV time respectively, had 1.87 (95% CI: 1.24 - 2.84) and 2.04 (95% CI: 1.47 - 2.85) higher odds of smartphone time respectively and have 2.35 (95% CI: 1.62 - 3.41) higher odds of poor sleep. Conclusion: MUHO subjects underwent high screen time and poor sleep quality. Higher TV-viewing/smartphone time and poorer sleeping quality were found to be associated with less time spent in active transportation. This bad habit on screen and sleep negatively affects the cardiometabolic parameters.展开更多
Background: The association of physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among predominantly low-income children in the Mississippi Delta region has not been previously desc...Background: The association of physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among predominantly low-income children in the Mississippi Delta region has not been previously described. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey to assess health risks from a representative sample of the population ≥3 years old in the Delta Region of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Linear models were utilized to examine Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) scores based on reported PA and ST. Results: Median age of the 371 participants was 9.8 years, 57% were African American, and 26% had annual household income ≤$14,999. Overall, 262 (75%) were categorized as physically active and 48% reported >2 hours ST per day. Children reporting exercising 5 - 7 days per week had significantly better PedsQL total score (84.3 vs 80.8;p 2 hours per day) did not significantly impact HRQOL. Conclusions: Findings suggest that PA among children living in the Mississippi Delta was related to higher HRQOL;however, the positive effects of PA on HRQOL may be less for minority and low-income children.展开更多
Screen technologies have been found to have adverse outcomes on people’s well-being and mental health if used excessively however findings have varied depending on the screen type being assessed. The impact of prolon...Screen technologies have been found to have adverse outcomes on people’s well-being and mental health if used excessively however findings have varied depending on the screen type being assessed. The impact of prolonged TV-watching on mental health has been well established, whereas the influence of computers, the internet, and mobile phones is still being debated. Research exploring total screen use in adults is surprisingly lacking. The current study examined the relationship between Screen Time and well-being in adults, including positive relationships, meaning, and loneliness. The study is possibly the first to investigate how much pleasure and meaning people feel during screen use and their mediating effects. Using a correlational study design, participants (N = 139) reported their hours spent on all screen devices per day, how much pleasure and meaning they experience during screen use on average, and their general well-being levels. Screen Time was not found to be significantly correlated with well-being;and screen use experiences did not mediate any of the screen time and well-being relationships. However, screen use meaning was positively associated with overall well-being and positive relationships. This finding prompts a review of the importance of screen time for well-being, suggesting that this may be a limited approach. Other factors related to screen quality may be equal if not more important for well-being. Limitations and implications for maintaining or enhancing well-being while using screen devices are discussed.展开更多
Introduction:Premature depletion of hyperopic reserve has been demonstrated to associate with subsequent myopia development.However,the relationship between screen use and insufficient hyperopic reserve(defined as sph...Introduction:Premature depletion of hyperopic reserve has been demonstrated to associate with subsequent myopia development.However,the relationship between screen use and insufficient hyperopic reserve(defined as spherical equivalent refraction below age-specific thresholds)remains unclear,and regional heterogeneity in this association warrants investigation.Methods:This cross-sectional study(2020–2024)included 28,993 children from 9 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs).We assessed associations between screen exposure(time and habits)and hyperopic reserve status.Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted with stratified analyses based on regional gross domestic product(GDP)levels.Results:Among screened children,49.0%exhibited insufficient hyperopic reserve.High screen time[odds ratio(OR)=1.21,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.14,1.29]and poor screen habits(OR=1.19,95%CI:1.12,1.27)were independently associated with insufficient hyperopic reserve.Low-GDP regions demonstrated significantly higher detection rates among children aged 6–9 years,whereas high-GDP regions showed accelerated increases in detection rates after age 11.Low-GDP regions exhibited heightened risks for both high screen time and poor screen habits,with this association most pronounced among girls in low-GDP areas.Conclusions:Screen exposure associates with insufficient hyperopic reserve,exhibiting notable regional and gender differences.High screen time and poor screen habits represent key risk factors for insufficient hyperopic reserve,particularly among girls residing in low-GDP areas.展开更多
Purpose:Screen-based sedentary behavior(SSB)has been identified as risk factor for mental disorders in most of adolescents.However,there is little literature pertaining to the specific kinds of SSB and its connections w...Purpose:Screen-based sedentary behavior(SSB)has been identified as risk factor for mental disorders in most of adolescents.However,there is little literature pertaining to the specific kinds of SSB and its connections with depressive symptoms in most of adolescents.In the present study,we are going tofind out the connections between specific types of SSB and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents.Methods:A cross-sectional data based on 996 study participants of middle school students in Guangdong Province.SSB was evaluated by distri-buting the questionnaire of Health Behavior in School-aged Children,while depressive symptoms were evaluated using Chinese version of Children’s Depressive symptoms Inventory(CDI).SSB was categorized into TV/movie time,video games time and other electronic devices-based time(e.g.,mobile phone,computer use).Generalized linear models was used to explore the connections between specific kinds of SSB and depressive symptoms.Results:After controlling for variables of sex,ethnicity,grade,residence,siblings,perceived family affluence,father educational level,mother educational background,body mass index(BMI),physical exercise,duration of sleep,other electronic devices-based time was positively correlated with depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents(B=0.557%,95%CI:0.187–0.926,p=0.003).This significant connection was also found in girls(B=0.728%,95%CI:0.230–1.225,p=0.004)instead of boys(p>0.05).The other types of SSB were not signifi-cantly in relation to depressive symptoms in adolescents regardless of sex.Conclusion:This study suggested that it might be effective in reducing or preventing depressive symptoms through limiting electronic devices-based time,like computer use or mobile phone use time.This strategy would be particularly useful in girls.Future stu-dies should negate or replicate the research results by introducing more improved study design,which is beneficial to better understand the connections between SSB and depressive symptoms as well as then design more efficient interventions in adolescents.展开更多
Determining the predictors of screen media use will assist nurses and clinicians to identify the children that are in most need for intervention. There is limited literature regarding the predictors of screen media us...Determining the predictors of screen media use will assist nurses and clinicians to identify the children that are in most need for intervention. There is limited literature regarding the predictors of screen media use among children. This study aimed to examine the association between selected predictors and screen media use among children aged 3 - 13. The findings of this study are based on 192 children aged 3 - 13 and their caregivers recruited from Facebook and WhatsApp groups. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. The participants filled a demographic questionnaire and the Problematic Media Use Measure Short Form to obtain data about parents’ and children characteristics, screen time and problematic use of media. The screen time for 83% of the children was more than two hours. Mobile ownership (beta (β) = 0.22) and conflict about mobile use (beta (β) = 0.16) have significantly predicted the child total screen time. Child age (beta (β) = 0.17) and conflict about mobile use (beta (β) = −0.33) have significantly predicted the problematic use of media. Most children in the current study exceeded the recommended screen time. There is an urgent need to implement interventions that mitigate children’s excessive use of media.展开更多
Purpose: To examine the associations among preschoolers fundamental motor skills, screen-time, physical activity(PA), and sedentary behavior(SB).Methods: Children ages 3à4 years were enrolled in a prospective obs...Purpose: To examine the associations among preschoolers fundamental motor skills, screen-time, physical activity(PA), and sedentary behavior(SB).Methods: Children ages 3à4 years were enrolled in a prospective observational trial of PA. Trained assessors conducted the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 rd edition(TGMD-3), and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 nd edition, and parent-reported child screen-time and sociodemographic information. Children wore an accelerometer for 7 days to examine SB and total PA(TPA). TPA was further characterized as moderateto-vigorous PA(MVPA) or vigorous PA(VPA). Mixed linear models were calculated, controlling for age(for TGMD-3), sex, household income, and accelerometer wear time(for accelerometry models), with childcare center as a random effect. The primary analysis reported on the cross-sectional baseline data of 126 children with complete fundamental motor skill and screen-time data; a subanalysis included 88 children with complete accelerometry data.Results: Children were 3.4 § 0.5 years of age(54% girls; 46% white, 42% African American, 12% other). A total of 48% lived in households at or below the federal poverty level. Children engaged in 5.1 § 3.6 h/day of screen-time. Children's screen-time was inversely related to the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 nd edition, manual dexterity skills percentile(b(SE) = ?1.7(0.8), p = 0.049). In the accelerometry subsample,children engaged in 5.9 § 0.9 h/day of TPA of which 1.7 § 0.6 h/day was MVPA. Boys engaged in more MVPA and VPA and less SB compared with girls(all p < 0.05). A higher TGMD-3, total score(b(SE) = 0.4(0.2), p = 0.017) and locomotor score(b(SE) = 0.7(0.3), p = 0.018) were associated with more VPA but not with TPA or MVPA. Screen-time and television in the bedroom were not related to SB, TPA, MVPA, or VPA.Conclusion: Children's motor skills were positively related to VPA but inversely related to screen-time. Further inquiry into the implications of high exposure to screen-time in young children is needed.展开更多
The habitual use of smartphones during meals has become a common behavior,raising concerns about its potential impact on eating habits and metabolic health.The present narrative review investigates how using a smartph...The habitual use of smartphones during meals has become a common behavior,raising concerns about its potential impact on eating habits and metabolic health.The present narrative review investigates how using a smartphone or tablet during meals can cause distractions and negatively affect metabolic health.A comprehensive narrative review was conducted by synthesizing peer-reviewed studies on the interplay between smartphone use during meals,eating behaviors,and metabolic health.Relevant literature was identified through searches in electronic databases and organized thematically to highlight trends and research gaps.By synthesizing evidence from existing literature,this review highlights that smartphone use during meals is associated with increased caloric intake,altered food composition,and disruptions in postprandial metabolic responses.These effects are mediated by reduced meal awareness and psychological distractions,including multitasking.Variability in findings arises from differences in study designs and populations.This review identifies critical research gaps,including the lack of longitudinal studies and the need to explore mechanisms underlying these relationships.By summarizing trends and patterns,this narrative review offers valuable insights into the complex interplay between digital device use,eating habits,and metabolic health,providing a foundation for future research and interventions.展开更多
AIM:To characterize the ocular surface characteristics in the Nepalese population across all age groups who have used digital screens for extended durations over several years.METHODS:In a cross-sectional,observationa...AIM:To characterize the ocular surface characteristics in the Nepalese population across all age groups who have used digital screens for extended durations over several years.METHODS:In a cross-sectional,observational study,144 digital screen users were assessed for dry eye disease(DED)using subjective and objective measures.The Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)Questionnaire evaluated symptoms,followed by clinical assessments,including slit lamp biomicroscopy,tear breakup time(TBUT),Oxford Scheme grading,and Schirmer I test.DED was diagnosed if a patient had an OSDI score over 13 and at least two clinical signs(OSDI,Schirmer I test,or ocular staining).The prevalence of DED was calculated based on the proportion of patients meeting these criteria.RESULTS:Of the 144 participants(mean age:34.6±15.2y),78(54.2%)were female.The use of digital screens varied between 2-8h(mean duration:4.1±2.7h)per day.The mean OSDI score,TBUT score,and the Schirmer I scores were 22.7±10.5(max-min:24.4-20.9),6.8±4.2s(max-min:7.5-6.1),and 12.3±4.6 mm(max-min:13.1-11.5)respectively with 95%confidence interval(β=1.96),and a two-tailed statistical significance level of 5%(α=0.05).With increased screen use,TBUT shortened and OSDI scores increased significantly(P<0.01),though Schirmer I scores were unaffected(P>0.05).The prevalence of DED ranged from 6.3%to 22.9%in those using screens for more than 2h,with an overall prevalence of 67.4%among digital screen users.CONCLUSION:There is a significant association between prolonged use of digital screens and clinical markers of dry eye signs and symptoms.展开更多
We obtain an approximate value of the quantized momentum eigenvalues, <em>P<sub>n</sub></em>, together with the space-like coherent eigenvectors for the space-like counterpart of the Schr<sp...We obtain an approximate value of the quantized momentum eigenvalues, <em>P<sub>n</sub></em>, together with the space-like coherent eigenvectors for the space-like counterpart of the Schr<span style="white-space:nowrap;">ö</span>dinger equation, the Feinberg-Horodecki equation, with a screened Kratzer-Hellmann potential which is constructed by the temporal counterpart of the spatial form of this potential. In addition, we got exact eigenvalues of the momentum and the eigenstates by solving Feinberg-Horodecki equation with Kratzer potential. The present work is illustrated with three special cases of the screened Kratzer-Hellman potential: the time-dependent screened Kratzer potential, time-dependent Hellmann potential and, the time-dependent screened Coulomb potential.展开更多
The time-of-flight mass spectrometry(TOF-MS),one of the mass spectrometry techniques,has been widely applied in the field of rapid screening of food hazard factors as a superior analysis technique because of its wide ...The time-of-flight mass spectrometry(TOF-MS),one of the mass spectrometry techniques,has been widely applied in the field of rapid screening of food hazard factors as a superior analysis technique because of its wide mass range,high resolution and mass measurement accuracy,high sensitivity and high analysis speed.In this paper,research progresses of TOF-MS on the detection of food additives,food contaminants and residues,illegal additives,pesticide residues,veterinary drug residues and mycotoxin were reviewed,and its probable approaching applications were prospected.展开更多
Background:Children spend substantial time in childcare,and the reasons parents choose a particular childcare type may differ by family.However,little is known about how childcare type influences habitual(full day)act...Background:Children spend substantial time in childcare,and the reasons parents choose a particular childcare type may differ by family.However,little is known about how childcare type influences habitual(full day)activity levels among children.Therefore,exploring patterns between childcare type and habitual physical activity(PA)(i.e.,light,moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA),and total PA)and sedentary time(ST)in young Canadian children is needed.Methods:A nationally representative sample of preschoolers from Cycles 3 and 4 of the Canadian Health Measures Survey was used in this cross-sectional study.Childcare type(e.g.,center-based childcare,home-based childcare,home with parent,kindergarten)was reported by parents.Preschoolers wore an Actical accelerometer for 7 days.Device and population-spcific cut-points were applied to delineate PA intensities and ST.Population means and sample totals were calculated to examine average daily and hourly rates of activity.Results:Preschoolers’rates of MVPA and total PA from the 4 childcare arrangements ranged from 65.99 min/day to 74.62 min/day(5.48-6.18 min/h)and 274.20 min/day to 281.66 min/day (22.69-23.21 min/h),respectively,while ST ranged from 443.13 min/day to 460.57 min/day(36.80-37.31 min/h).No significant differences were observed in daily or hourly rates of activity.Conclusion:This study provides a snapshot of the levels of PA and ST among preschoolers in various childcare settings at a national level,with no differences observed in habitual activity levels based on childcare enrollment.Additional research is needed to clarify the relationship between young children’s PA and childcare type,with consideration given to the quality of the childcare settings.展开更多
文摘Too much screen time is bad for your brain and body.It can also waste your time.So,try to spend less time on scree ns.Changing habits is not easy,but you can do it.Use an app to track your time on your smartphone.Do you waste a lot of time on some ofyour phone apps?Take them off or set time limits for them.Less screen time means more free time for other things.Go hiking,visit a museum or try a new hobby.Use your phone less and appreciate life more.
基金AES and PTK are supported,in part,by the U54 GM104940 grant from the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the US National Institutes of Health,which funds the Louisiana Clinical&Translational Science CenterPTK is supported,in part,by the Marie Edana Corcoran Endowed Chair in Pediatric Obesity and Diabetespartially supported by Nutrition Obesity Research Center Grant#P30DK072476 entitled“Nutritional Programming:Environmental and Molecular Interactions”
文摘Background: Given the low levels of physical activity(PA) among adolescent girls in the US, there is a need to identify tools to motivate increased PA. Although there is limited evidence that adolescents transfer PA from one context to another, exergames(i.e., video games that require gross motor activity) may act as a gateway to promote overall PA outside game play. The purpose of this study was to examine potential transfer effects(i.e., influences on external behaviors and psychological constructs) of a 12-week exergaming intervention on adolescent girls' PA, screen time,and self-efficacy toward PA, as well as the intrinsic motivation of exergaming.Methods: Participants were 37 girls aged 14–18 years(65% African American, 35% white) who were overweight or obese(body mass index ≥ 85 th percentile) and were recruited from the community via school, physicians, news media, and social media websites. Adolescents were randomly assigned to a 12-week group exergaming intervention(thirty-six 60 min sessions of group-based dance exergaming in a research laboratory using Kinect for Xbox360(Microsoft Corporation, Redmond, WA, USA)) or to a no-treatment control group. Outcome variables included objectively measured PA(total) and self-reported leisure-time PA(discretionary time only) 1 week before vs. 1 week after the intervention; selected type and intensity of PA when placed in a gym setting for 30 min("cardio free choice"); screen time; self-efficacy toward PA; and intrinsic motivation toward exergaming.Results: Attendance at the exergaming sessions was high(80%). Compared with the control group, the intervention group self-reported an increase in PA(p = 0.035) and fewer hours watching television or videos(p = 0.01) after the intervention, but there were no significant differences in sedentary, light, moderate, or vigorous PA measured by accelerometry. The intervention group significantly improved self-efficacy toward PA(p = 0.028). The intervention group highly rated intrinsic motivation toward exergaming.Conclusion: Exergaming for 12 weeks was associated with positive impacts on adolescent girls' self-reported PA, television viewing, self-efficacy,and intrinsic motivation. Future research is warranted to leverage exergames as an enjoyable, motivating, and effective PA tool.
文摘Little is known on the association between movement behaviors including physical activity(PA),screen time(ST)and sleep(SLP)with depression in adolescents.This study aimed to explore the associations of PA,ST and SLP with depressive symptoms in adolescents.A total of 1,331 middle school students participated in this survey and provided valid data pertaining to the study variables.Self-reported questionnaires were used to collect information on participants’sociodemographic parameters.The Health Behavior in School-aged Children Questionnaire was used to assess the PA(days for moderate to vigorous PA),ST(daily hours of ST)and SLP(daily hours of SLP).Study participants’depressive symptoms were assessed using the Children’s Depression Inventory.Generalized linear models were used to estimate the associations of PA,ST and SLP with depressive symptoms.Of all the 1331 study participants,boys accounted for 51.31%and percentage of 7th,8th and 9th graders were 52.44%,23.22%and 24.34%,respectively.After controlling for sex,body mass index,grade,ethnicity,residence,siblings,perceived family affluence,father and mother educational level,only ST was positively associated with depressive symptoms(beta=0.17,p=0.005).This study suggests that excessive ST would be detrimental to depressive symptoms in adolescents.It may be effective to reduce ST for depression intervention or prevention.Future studies are encouraged to use an improved study design to confirm or negate this study’s researchfindings.
文摘Objective: This study aims to analyze the relationship between active transportation, screen time and sleep quality among metabolically health versus unhealthy Congolese schoolboys and girls obese. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 58 obese aged 15.36 ± 1.22 years in Brazzaville (Republic of Congo). They were divided into metabolically healthy obese (MHO, n = 29) and metabolically unhealthy obese (MUHO, n = 29). Data collection consisted of anthropometric measurements, lipids profile parameters, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the screen time measurements. The relationship was analyzed by using the logistic regression for healthy and unhealthy schoolboys and obese girls. Results: Compared to MUH obese subjects, MUHO obese subjects were significantly less engaged in active transportation (p = 0.03), TV and smartphone times significantly increased (p = 0.000 and p = 0.003), sleep quality significantly poor (p = 0.001). They were 1.85 (95% CI: 0.85 - 3.88) lower odds to engage in active transportation, had 1.82 (95% CI: 1.11 - 3.10) and 2.04 (95% CI: 1.11 - 3.10) higher odds of TV time respectively, had 1.87 (95% CI: 1.24 - 2.84) and 2.04 (95% CI: 1.47 - 2.85) higher odds of smartphone time respectively and have 2.35 (95% CI: 1.62 - 3.41) higher odds of poor sleep. Conclusion: MUHO subjects underwent high screen time and poor sleep quality. Higher TV-viewing/smartphone time and poorer sleeping quality were found to be associated with less time spent in active transportation. This bad habit on screen and sleep negatively affects the cardiometabolic parameters.
文摘Background: The association of physical activity (PA) and screen time (ST) on health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among predominantly low-income children in the Mississippi Delta region has not been previously described. Methods: We performed a cross-sectional survey to assess health risks from a representative sample of the population ≥3 years old in the Delta Region of Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Linear models were utilized to examine Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL) scores based on reported PA and ST. Results: Median age of the 371 participants was 9.8 years, 57% were African American, and 26% had annual household income ≤$14,999. Overall, 262 (75%) were categorized as physically active and 48% reported >2 hours ST per day. Children reporting exercising 5 - 7 days per week had significantly better PedsQL total score (84.3 vs 80.8;p 2 hours per day) did not significantly impact HRQOL. Conclusions: Findings suggest that PA among children living in the Mississippi Delta was related to higher HRQOL;however, the positive effects of PA on HRQOL may be less for minority and low-income children.
文摘Screen technologies have been found to have adverse outcomes on people’s well-being and mental health if used excessively however findings have varied depending on the screen type being assessed. The impact of prolonged TV-watching on mental health has been well established, whereas the influence of computers, the internet, and mobile phones is still being debated. Research exploring total screen use in adults is surprisingly lacking. The current study examined the relationship between Screen Time and well-being in adults, including positive relationships, meaning, and loneliness. The study is possibly the first to investigate how much pleasure and meaning people feel during screen use and their mediating effects. Using a correlational study design, participants (N = 139) reported their hours spent on all screen devices per day, how much pleasure and meaning they experience during screen use on average, and their general well-being levels. Screen Time was not found to be significantly correlated with well-being;and screen use experiences did not mediate any of the screen time and well-being relationships. However, screen use meaning was positively associated with overall well-being and positive relationships. This finding prompts a review of the importance of screen time for well-being, suggesting that this may be a limited approach. Other factors related to screen quality may be equal if not more important for well-being. Limitations and implications for maintaining or enhancing well-being while using screen devices are discussed.
基金the Ministry of Science and Technology of the People’s Republic of China through the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2021YFC2702102)the Beijing Municipal Health Commission High-level Public Health Technical Talent Construction Project(Leading Talent-01-09).
文摘Introduction:Premature depletion of hyperopic reserve has been demonstrated to associate with subsequent myopia development.However,the relationship between screen use and insufficient hyperopic reserve(defined as spherical equivalent refraction below age-specific thresholds)remains unclear,and regional heterogeneity in this association warrants investigation.Methods:This cross-sectional study(2020–2024)included 28,993 children from 9 provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs).We assessed associations between screen exposure(time and habits)and hyperopic reserve status.Multivariable logistic regression analyses were conducted with stratified analyses based on regional gross domestic product(GDP)levels.Results:Among screened children,49.0%exhibited insufficient hyperopic reserve.High screen time[odds ratio(OR)=1.21,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.14,1.29]and poor screen habits(OR=1.19,95%CI:1.12,1.27)were independently associated with insufficient hyperopic reserve.Low-GDP regions demonstrated significantly higher detection rates among children aged 6–9 years,whereas high-GDP regions showed accelerated increases in detection rates after age 11.Low-GDP regions exhibited heightened risks for both high screen time and poor screen habits,with this association most pronounced among girls in low-GDP areas.Conclusions:Screen exposure associates with insufficient hyperopic reserve,exhibiting notable regional and gender differences.High screen time and poor screen habits represent key risk factors for insufficient hyperopic reserve,particularly among girls residing in low-GDP areas.
文摘Purpose:Screen-based sedentary behavior(SSB)has been identified as risk factor for mental disorders in most of adolescents.However,there is little literature pertaining to the specific kinds of SSB and its connections with depressive symptoms in most of adolescents.In the present study,we are going tofind out the connections between specific types of SSB and depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents.Methods:A cross-sectional data based on 996 study participants of middle school students in Guangdong Province.SSB was evaluated by distri-buting the questionnaire of Health Behavior in School-aged Children,while depressive symptoms were evaluated using Chinese version of Children’s Depressive symptoms Inventory(CDI).SSB was categorized into TV/movie time,video games time and other electronic devices-based time(e.g.,mobile phone,computer use).Generalized linear models was used to explore the connections between specific kinds of SSB and depressive symptoms.Results:After controlling for variables of sex,ethnicity,grade,residence,siblings,perceived family affluence,father educational level,mother educational background,body mass index(BMI),physical exercise,duration of sleep,other electronic devices-based time was positively correlated with depressive symptoms in Chinese adolescents(B=0.557%,95%CI:0.187–0.926,p=0.003).This significant connection was also found in girls(B=0.728%,95%CI:0.230–1.225,p=0.004)instead of boys(p>0.05).The other types of SSB were not signifi-cantly in relation to depressive symptoms in adolescents regardless of sex.Conclusion:This study suggested that it might be effective in reducing or preventing depressive symptoms through limiting electronic devices-based time,like computer use or mobile phone use time.This strategy would be particularly useful in girls.Future stu-dies should negate or replicate the research results by introducing more improved study design,which is beneficial to better understand the connections between SSB and depressive symptoms as well as then design more efficient interventions in adolescents.
文摘Determining the predictors of screen media use will assist nurses and clinicians to identify the children that are in most need for intervention. There is limited literature regarding the predictors of screen media use among children. This study aimed to examine the association between selected predictors and screen media use among children aged 3 - 13. The findings of this study are based on 192 children aged 3 - 13 and their caregivers recruited from Facebook and WhatsApp groups. A descriptive cross-sectional design was employed. The participants filled a demographic questionnaire and the Problematic Media Use Measure Short Form to obtain data about parents’ and children characteristics, screen time and problematic use of media. The screen time for 83% of the children was more than two hours. Mobile ownership (beta (β) = 0.22) and conflict about mobile use (beta (β) = 0.16) have significantly predicted the child total screen time. Child age (beta (β) = 0.17) and conflict about mobile use (beta (β) = −0.33) have significantly predicted the problematic use of media. Most children in the current study exceeded the recommended screen time. There is an urgent need to implement interventions that mitigate children’s excessive use of media.
基金supported by the Gulf States Collaborative Center for Health Policy Research (Gulf States-HPC) from the National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities of the National Institutes of Health (No. U54MD008602)the LSU Biomedical Collaborative Research Program+2 种基金funding support from the American Council on Exercisesupported in part by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health, which funds the Louisiana Clinical and Translational Science Center (No. U54 GM104940)supported in part by the NORC Center Grant entitled "Nutrition and Metabolic Health Through the Lifespan" sponsored by NIDDK (No. P30DK072476)
文摘Purpose: To examine the associations among preschoolers fundamental motor skills, screen-time, physical activity(PA), and sedentary behavior(SB).Methods: Children ages 3à4 years were enrolled in a prospective observational trial of PA. Trained assessors conducted the Test of Gross Motor Development-3 rd edition(TGMD-3), and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 nd edition, and parent-reported child screen-time and sociodemographic information. Children wore an accelerometer for 7 days to examine SB and total PA(TPA). TPA was further characterized as moderateto-vigorous PA(MVPA) or vigorous PA(VPA). Mixed linear models were calculated, controlling for age(for TGMD-3), sex, household income, and accelerometer wear time(for accelerometry models), with childcare center as a random effect. The primary analysis reported on the cross-sectional baseline data of 126 children with complete fundamental motor skill and screen-time data; a subanalysis included 88 children with complete accelerometry data.Results: Children were 3.4 § 0.5 years of age(54% girls; 46% white, 42% African American, 12% other). A total of 48% lived in households at or below the federal poverty level. Children engaged in 5.1 § 3.6 h/day of screen-time. Children's screen-time was inversely related to the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2 nd edition, manual dexterity skills percentile(b(SE) = ?1.7(0.8), p = 0.049). In the accelerometry subsample,children engaged in 5.9 § 0.9 h/day of TPA of which 1.7 § 0.6 h/day was MVPA. Boys engaged in more MVPA and VPA and less SB compared with girls(all p < 0.05). A higher TGMD-3, total score(b(SE) = 0.4(0.2), p = 0.017) and locomotor score(b(SE) = 0.7(0.3), p = 0.018) were associated with more VPA but not with TPA or MVPA. Screen-time and television in the bedroom were not related to SB, TPA, MVPA, or VPA.Conclusion: Children's motor skills were positively related to VPA but inversely related to screen-time. Further inquiry into the implications of high exposure to screen-time in young children is needed.
文摘The habitual use of smartphones during meals has become a common behavior,raising concerns about its potential impact on eating habits and metabolic health.The present narrative review investigates how using a smartphone or tablet during meals can cause distractions and negatively affect metabolic health.A comprehensive narrative review was conducted by synthesizing peer-reviewed studies on the interplay between smartphone use during meals,eating behaviors,and metabolic health.Relevant literature was identified through searches in electronic databases and organized thematically to highlight trends and research gaps.By synthesizing evidence from existing literature,this review highlights that smartphone use during meals is associated with increased caloric intake,altered food composition,and disruptions in postprandial metabolic responses.These effects are mediated by reduced meal awareness and psychological distractions,including multitasking.Variability in findings arises from differences in study designs and populations.This review identifies critical research gaps,including the lack of longitudinal studies and the need to explore mechanisms underlying these relationships.By summarizing trends and patterns,this narrative review offers valuable insights into the complex interplay between digital device use,eating habits,and metabolic health,providing a foundation for future research and interventions.
文摘AIM:To characterize the ocular surface characteristics in the Nepalese population across all age groups who have used digital screens for extended durations over several years.METHODS:In a cross-sectional,observational study,144 digital screen users were assessed for dry eye disease(DED)using subjective and objective measures.The Ocular Surface Disease Index(OSDI)Questionnaire evaluated symptoms,followed by clinical assessments,including slit lamp biomicroscopy,tear breakup time(TBUT),Oxford Scheme grading,and Schirmer I test.DED was diagnosed if a patient had an OSDI score over 13 and at least two clinical signs(OSDI,Schirmer I test,or ocular staining).The prevalence of DED was calculated based on the proportion of patients meeting these criteria.RESULTS:Of the 144 participants(mean age:34.6±15.2y),78(54.2%)were female.The use of digital screens varied between 2-8h(mean duration:4.1±2.7h)per day.The mean OSDI score,TBUT score,and the Schirmer I scores were 22.7±10.5(max-min:24.4-20.9),6.8±4.2s(max-min:7.5-6.1),and 12.3±4.6 mm(max-min:13.1-11.5)respectively with 95%confidence interval(β=1.96),and a two-tailed statistical significance level of 5%(α=0.05).With increased screen use,TBUT shortened and OSDI scores increased significantly(P<0.01),though Schirmer I scores were unaffected(P>0.05).The prevalence of DED ranged from 6.3%to 22.9%in those using screens for more than 2h,with an overall prevalence of 67.4%among digital screen users.CONCLUSION:There is a significant association between prolonged use of digital screens and clinical markers of dry eye signs and symptoms.
文摘We obtain an approximate value of the quantized momentum eigenvalues, <em>P<sub>n</sub></em>, together with the space-like coherent eigenvectors for the space-like counterpart of the Schr<span style="white-space:nowrap;">ö</span>dinger equation, the Feinberg-Horodecki equation, with a screened Kratzer-Hellmann potential which is constructed by the temporal counterpart of the spatial form of this potential. In addition, we got exact eigenvalues of the momentum and the eigenstates by solving Feinberg-Horodecki equation with Kratzer potential. The present work is illustrated with three special cases of the screened Kratzer-Hellman potential: the time-dependent screened Kratzer potential, time-dependent Hellmann potential and, the time-dependent screened Coulomb potential.
基金Supported by Phase II Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Innovation Team Construction Project of Hebei Province(HBCT2018120207)Key R&D Projects of Hebei Province(19227516D)Tangshan Institute of Industrial Technology for Functional Agricultural Products(2019TY003b)。
文摘The time-of-flight mass spectrometry(TOF-MS),one of the mass spectrometry techniques,has been widely applied in the field of rapid screening of food hazard factors as a superior analysis technique because of its wide mass range,high resolution and mass measurement accuracy,high sensitivity and high analysis speed.In this paper,research progresses of TOF-MS on the detection of food additives,food contaminants and residues,illegal additives,pesticide residues,veterinary drug residues and mycotoxin were reviewed,and its probable approaching applications were prospected.
基金Patricia Tucker is supported by an Early Researcher Award from the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation.
文摘Background:Children spend substantial time in childcare,and the reasons parents choose a particular childcare type may differ by family.However,little is known about how childcare type influences habitual(full day)activity levels among children.Therefore,exploring patterns between childcare type and habitual physical activity(PA)(i.e.,light,moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA),and total PA)and sedentary time(ST)in young Canadian children is needed.Methods:A nationally representative sample of preschoolers from Cycles 3 and 4 of the Canadian Health Measures Survey was used in this cross-sectional study.Childcare type(e.g.,center-based childcare,home-based childcare,home with parent,kindergarten)was reported by parents.Preschoolers wore an Actical accelerometer for 7 days.Device and population-spcific cut-points were applied to delineate PA intensities and ST.Population means and sample totals were calculated to examine average daily and hourly rates of activity.Results:Preschoolers’rates of MVPA and total PA from the 4 childcare arrangements ranged from 65.99 min/day to 74.62 min/day(5.48-6.18 min/h)and 274.20 min/day to 281.66 min/day (22.69-23.21 min/h),respectively,while ST ranged from 443.13 min/day to 460.57 min/day(36.80-37.31 min/h).No significant differences were observed in daily or hourly rates of activity.Conclusion:This study provides a snapshot of the levels of PA and ST among preschoolers in various childcare settings at a national level,with no differences observed in habitual activity levels based on childcare enrollment.Additional research is needed to clarify the relationship between young children’s PA and childcare type,with consideration given to the quality of the childcare settings.
