Imperialist Robert Baden-Powell’s Boy Scouts Association started in the Gold Coast Colony during the First World War and schooled boys for nationality during the 1920s.This paper uses archival documents to discuss ho...Imperialist Robert Baden-Powell’s Boy Scouts Association started in the Gold Coast Colony during the First World War and schooled boys for nationality during the 1920s.This paper uses archival documents to discuss how Chief Scout Governor Gordon Guggisberg,who was brigadier general during the First World War,reorganized the Boy Scouts Association in the Northern Province of the Northern Territories Protectorate.The scout officers at the Local Boy Scouts Associations had the power to fashion desire but were not supposed to have consequences on political power.As government officers and scout officers they had warrants to work at the government schools at Gambaga,Wa,and Lawra to attain money locally for kits to instruct and invent the identity,customs and nationalist categories of schoolboys performing the British Empire.展开更多
In 1907,military leader Robert Baden-Powell started the Boy Scouts Association in England as the British colonial government officers instituted Tamale village as the administrative centre of the Northern Territories ...In 1907,military leader Robert Baden-Powell started the Boy Scouts Association in England as the British colonial government officers instituted Tamale village as the administrative centre of the Northern Territories Protectorate.Sam Yarney worked with Frank Collyer the European bank cashier and scoutmaster who started the Boy Scouts in the Gold Coast Colony in 1914,the year the First World War started.In 1922,Governor Gordon Guggisberg,who was brigadier general during the war was the chief scout.He reorganized the Local Boy Scouts Association in the Tamale Government School that received select boys from various schools in the Northern Territories Protectorate.The schoolboys excelled in the Standard VII and Civil Service Examinations to work with the government institutions and train as teachers and telegraphists.Arthur James Philbrick the chief scout commissioner of the Northern Territories employed Yarney as the assistant scout commissioner in the Southern Province to take on the staff of the reorganized Tamale Local Boy Scouts Association and register the 1st Tamale Troop.The scout officers subscribed to a Scout Fund to buy kit,for the schoolboys who passed the Tenderfoot Tests to buy uniforms and perform at events.展开更多
BACKGROUND Coronary computed tomography angiography(CCTA)is essential for diagnosing coronary artery disease as it provides detailed images of the heart’s blood vessels to identify blockages or abnormalities.Traditio...BACKGROUND Coronary computed tomography angiography(CCTA)is essential for diagnosing coronary artery disease as it provides detailed images of the heart’s blood vessels to identify blockages or abnormalities.Traditionally,determining the computed tomography(CT)scanning range has relied on manual methods due to limited automation in this area.AIM To develop and evaluate a novel deep learning approach to automate the determ-ination of CCTA scan ranges using anteroposterior scout images.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on chest CT data from 1388 patients at the Radiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of a university-affiliated hospital,collected between February 27 and March 27,2024.A deep learning model was trained on anteroposterior scout images with annotations based on CCTA standards.The dataset was split into training(672 cases),validation(167 cases),and test(167 cases)sets to ensure robust model evaluation.RESULTS The study demonstrated exceptional performance on the test set,achieving a mean average precision(mAP50)of 0.995 and mAP50-95 of 0.994 for determining CCTA scan ranges.CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that:(1)Anteroposterior scout images can effectively estimate CCTA scan ranges;and(2)Estimates can be dynamically adjusted to meet the needs of various medical institutions.展开更多
目的:探讨Pentacam眼前节分析仪和Keratron Scout角膜地形图仪测量Kappa角的一致性,评价两种仪器测量结果的重复性。方法:前瞻性随机对照研究。选取2018-01-01/30在我院眼视光中心行近视术前检查的患者69例,所有受试者由同一检查者分别...目的:探讨Pentacam眼前节分析仪和Keratron Scout角膜地形图仪测量Kappa角的一致性,评价两种仪器测量结果的重复性。方法:前瞻性随机对照研究。选取2018-01-01/30在我院眼视光中心行近视术前检查的患者69例,所有受试者由同一检查者分别采用Pentacam和Keratron Scout重复测量3次,以(X ,Y)坐标形式记录Kappa角的大小,采用组内相关系数(ICC)、Cronbach s Alpha系数评价两种仪器测量Kappa角的重复性;t 检验比较两种仪器测量结果的差异,Pearson相关分析其相关性;Bland-Altman图评估两种仪器测量结果的一致性。结果:3次重复测量时,两种仪器均表现出很好的重复性,两种仪器测得Kappa角差异无统计学意义( X 值: P =0.17;Y 值: P =0.61),Pearson相关分析表明Kappa角大小具有相关性(X 值: r =0.90, P <0.01;Y 值: r =0.91, P <0.01)。Bland-Altman图显示 X 值和 Y 值95%一致性区间分别为-0.11~0.14mm和-0.10~0.11mm。结论:Pentacam眼前节分析仪和Keratron Scout角膜地形图仪测量角膜屈光手术患者Kappa角重复性好,两种仪器测量的Kappa角结果一致性好,可以相互验证。展开更多
Ant colony optimization （ACO） is a new heuristic algo- rithm which has been proven a successful technique and applied to a number of combinatorial optimization problems. The traveling salesman problem （TSP） is amo...Ant colony optimization （ACO） is a new heuristic algo- rithm which has been proven a successful technique and applied to a number of combinatorial optimization problems. The traveling salesman problem （TSP） is among the most important combinato- rial problems. An ACO algorithm based on scout characteristic is proposed for solving the stagnation behavior and premature con- vergence problem of the basic ACO algorithm on TSP. The main idea is to partition artificial ants into two groups： scout ants and common ants. The common ants work according to the search manner of basic ant colony algorithm, but scout ants have some differences from common ants, they calculate each route＇s muta- tion probability of the current optimal solution using path evaluation model and search around the optimal solution according to the mutation probability. Simulation on TSP shows that the improved algorithm has high efficiency and robustness.展开更多
文摘Imperialist Robert Baden-Powell’s Boy Scouts Association started in the Gold Coast Colony during the First World War and schooled boys for nationality during the 1920s.This paper uses archival documents to discuss how Chief Scout Governor Gordon Guggisberg,who was brigadier general during the First World War,reorganized the Boy Scouts Association in the Northern Province of the Northern Territories Protectorate.The scout officers at the Local Boy Scouts Associations had the power to fashion desire but were not supposed to have consequences on political power.As government officers and scout officers they had warrants to work at the government schools at Gambaga,Wa,and Lawra to attain money locally for kits to instruct and invent the identity,customs and nationalist categories of schoolboys performing the British Empire.
文摘In 1907,military leader Robert Baden-Powell started the Boy Scouts Association in England as the British colonial government officers instituted Tamale village as the administrative centre of the Northern Territories Protectorate.Sam Yarney worked with Frank Collyer the European bank cashier and scoutmaster who started the Boy Scouts in the Gold Coast Colony in 1914,the year the First World War started.In 1922,Governor Gordon Guggisberg,who was brigadier general during the war was the chief scout.He reorganized the Local Boy Scouts Association in the Tamale Government School that received select boys from various schools in the Northern Territories Protectorate.The schoolboys excelled in the Standard VII and Civil Service Examinations to work with the government institutions and train as teachers and telegraphists.Arthur James Philbrick the chief scout commissioner of the Northern Territories employed Yarney as the assistant scout commissioner in the Southern Province to take on the staff of the reorganized Tamale Local Boy Scouts Association and register the 1st Tamale Troop.The scout officers subscribed to a Scout Fund to buy kit,for the schoolboys who passed the Tenderfoot Tests to buy uniforms and perform at events.
基金Supported by Anhui Provincial College Students’Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program,No.S202310367063.
文摘BACKGROUND Coronary computed tomography angiography(CCTA)is essential for diagnosing coronary artery disease as it provides detailed images of the heart’s blood vessels to identify blockages or abnormalities.Traditionally,determining the computed tomography(CT)scanning range has relied on manual methods due to limited automation in this area.AIM To develop and evaluate a novel deep learning approach to automate the determ-ination of CCTA scan ranges using anteroposterior scout images.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on chest CT data from 1388 patients at the Radiology Department of the First Affiliated Hospital of a university-affiliated hospital,collected between February 27 and March 27,2024.A deep learning model was trained on anteroposterior scout images with annotations based on CCTA standards.The dataset was split into training(672 cases),validation(167 cases),and test(167 cases)sets to ensure robust model evaluation.RESULTS The study demonstrated exceptional performance on the test set,achieving a mean average precision(mAP50)of 0.995 and mAP50-95 of 0.994 for determining CCTA scan ranges.CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that:(1)Anteroposterior scout images can effectively estimate CCTA scan ranges;and(2)Estimates can be dynamically adjusted to meet the needs of various medical institutions.
文摘目的:探讨Pentacam眼前节分析仪和Keratron Scout角膜地形图仪测量Kappa角的一致性,评价两种仪器测量结果的重复性。方法:前瞻性随机对照研究。选取2018-01-01/30在我院眼视光中心行近视术前检查的患者69例,所有受试者由同一检查者分别采用Pentacam和Keratron Scout重复测量3次,以(X ,Y)坐标形式记录Kappa角的大小,采用组内相关系数(ICC)、Cronbach s Alpha系数评价两种仪器测量Kappa角的重复性;t 检验比较两种仪器测量结果的差异,Pearson相关分析其相关性;Bland-Altman图评估两种仪器测量结果的一致性。结果:3次重复测量时,两种仪器均表现出很好的重复性,两种仪器测得Kappa角差异无统计学意义( X 值: P =0.17;Y 值: P =0.61),Pearson相关分析表明Kappa角大小具有相关性(X 值: r =0.90, P <0.01;Y 值: r =0.91, P <0.01)。Bland-Altman图显示 X 值和 Y 值95%一致性区间分别为-0.11~0.14mm和-0.10~0.11mm。结论:Pentacam眼前节分析仪和Keratron Scout角膜地形图仪测量角膜屈光手术患者Kappa角重复性好,两种仪器测量的Kappa角结果一致性好,可以相互验证。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(60573159)
文摘Ant colony optimization （ACO） is a new heuristic algo- rithm which has been proven a successful technique and applied to a number of combinatorial optimization problems. The traveling salesman problem （TSP） is among the most important combinato- rial problems. An ACO algorithm based on scout characteristic is proposed for solving the stagnation behavior and premature con- vergence problem of the basic ACO algorithm on TSP. The main idea is to partition artificial ants into two groups： scout ants and common ants. The common ants work according to the search manner of basic ant colony algorithm, but scout ants have some differences from common ants, they calculate each route＇s muta- tion probability of the current optimal solution using path evaluation model and search around the optimal solution according to the mutation probability. Simulation on TSP shows that the improved algorithm has high efficiency and robustness.
