目的探讨黄精属Polygonatum Mill.6个产区3个种质的遗传多样性及亲缘关系。方法以34份黄精属种质资源为供试材料,采用正交设计方法,优化黄精属目标起始密码子多态性-PCR(start codon targeted polymorphism-PCR,SCo T-PCR)反应体系并筛...目的探讨黄精属Polygonatum Mill.6个产区3个种质的遗传多样性及亲缘关系。方法以34份黄精属种质资源为供试材料,采用正交设计方法,优化黄精属目标起始密码子多态性-PCR(start codon targeted polymorphism-PCR,SCo T-PCR)反应体系并筛选引物;并基于筛选出的引物对其进行遗传多样性分析、遗传结构以及遗传分化研究。结果得到黄精属SCo T-PCR最佳反应体系,筛选出15条多态性较好的引物,多态性条带比率为94.45%;在物种水平上,3个种质的平均观测等位基因数(observed number of alleles,N_(a))、平均有效等位基因数(effective number of alleles,N_(e))、平均Nei’s基因多样性指数(Nei’s gene diversity index,H)、平均香农指数(Shannon information index,I)分别为1.6783、1.2686、0.1740、0.2786,揭示群体间存在丰富的遗传多样性;聚类分析结果显示,多花黄精与长梗黄精聚成一类,表明亲缘关系较近;卷叶黄精作为单独分枝,其与另外2个种质的亲缘关系也较远;基因多样度(total genetic diversity,H_(t))、基因分化系数(gene diversity within population,H_(s))、遗传分化系数(coefficient of gene differentiation,G_(st))、基因流(gene flow,N_(m))分别为0.2104、0.1740、0.1733、2.3860,表明群体间存在较高水平的基因交流,AMOVA结果显示84%遗传差异来自于群体内,16%遗传差异来自于群体间;群体结构分析表明,当分析群体数(true number of clusters,K)为3时,34份材料可分为3个类群,且与聚类分析结果基本一致。结论SCoT分子标记可有效用于黄精属不同种质之间的亲缘关系及遗传多样性分析,为黄精属植物种质资源的鉴定保护、开发利用提供科学依据。展开更多
Understanding why elements are distributed in tree xylem in a particular way is a significant challenge in dendrochemistry.This study explored a hypothesis that metal elements in the xylem interact due to differences ...Understanding why elements are distributed in tree xylem in a particular way is a significant challenge in dendrochemistry.This study explored a hypothesis that metal elements in the xylem interact due to differences in physical properties such as ionic radius and ionization potential.Scots pine in an even-aged stand established during the early 1970s in eastern Siberia was the study species.Increment cores were taken from the north and south sides of trees and scanned with an X-ray fluorescent multi scanner.With the help of X-ray scanning,the following elements were analyzed:aluminum(Al),potassium(K),calcium(Ca),titanium(Ti),manganese(Mn),iron(Fe),copper(Cu),strontium(Sr)and zinc(Zn).Scanning data on the elements were split into early-wood and late-wood data for each year of growth.The following ratios were analyzed:Ca/Sr,Fe/Ca,Fe/Sr,Al/Cu,Al/Zn,Ti/Mn,and Mn/K.Among these,ones having a consistent pattern across tree rings,the ratios show a more or less dependable relationship:that an element shows a larger decrease(relative another element)that has a larger ionic radius and lower ionization potential.Hypothetically,this may be due to the advantage of an ion with smaller ionic radius and higher ionization potential under a deficit of accommodation centers in organic molecules.An experiment approach should be applied to clarify the relationships.展开更多
We tested the effectiveness of the gradual removal of Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)in former plantations of this species in Roztocze National Park(SE Poland)to support the restoration of natural herbaceous flora and...We tested the effectiveness of the gradual removal of Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)in former plantations of this species in Roztocze National Park(SE Poland)to support the restoration of natural herbaceous flora and forest structure.We compared 0.5-ha study plots subjected to selective removal of pine trees with control plots excluded from any kind of human intervention for half a century.The observed changes in forest floor vegetation in the converted plots showed naturalization towards habitat-specific species.However,differences in the spatial distribution of trees between the treatment and control plots showed no universal pattern and revealed subtle but positive shifts from regular to random or clustered patterns.The mean tree diameters were higher in plots subjected to Scots pine removal,which resulted from the vigorous growth of tree species,consistent with habitat types.We conclude that forest restoration through the removal of planted trees can support the naturalization of former Scots pine plantations in protected areas.However,the selection of an appropriate method and its intensity are of vital importance.Methods that resemble typical management practices,such as selection thinning,are not always the best approach,as they may preserve or even increase the regular distribution of trees.Therefore,for restoration purposes,we recommend testing other methods that increase spatial heterogeneity,including systematic cutting or emulating natural disturbances.In addition,low-intensity thinning may not be sufficient to support the restoration of natural forest floor vegetation and the variability in forest stand structure.展开更多
[目的]分析DNA、引物,dNTPs、Taq DNA聚合酶4种因素对雷公笋SCoT-PCR扩增结果的影响,通过最优的SCoT-PCR反应体系筛选多态性引物,为雷公笋种质资源分子标记研究提供条件。[方法]以海南雷公笋为材料,采用单因素试验和正交试验方法。[结果...[目的]分析DNA、引物,dNTPs、Taq DNA聚合酶4种因素对雷公笋SCoT-PCR扩增结果的影响,通过最优的SCoT-PCR反应体系筛选多态性引物,为雷公笋种质资源分子标记研究提供条件。[方法]以海南雷公笋为材料,采用单因素试验和正交试验方法。[结果]Taq酶对雷公笋SCoT-PCR扩增的影响最大,其次是模板DNA和dNTPs,最后是引物;最优反应体系为20μL体系中40 ng DNA,0.30μmol/L引物,0.25 mmol/L dNTPs,3.00 U Taq酶。经验证,该体系获得的扩增产物清晰稳定;应用该体系从40条SCoT引物筛选出8条多态性好,且适合雷公笋扩增的引物,多态性条带占62.64%。[结论]该研究为使用SCoT分子标记技术对雷公笋开展深入研究提供了重要的理论基础和技术支持。展开更多
文摘目的探讨黄精属Polygonatum Mill.6个产区3个种质的遗传多样性及亲缘关系。方法以34份黄精属种质资源为供试材料,采用正交设计方法,优化黄精属目标起始密码子多态性-PCR(start codon targeted polymorphism-PCR,SCo T-PCR)反应体系并筛选引物;并基于筛选出的引物对其进行遗传多样性分析、遗传结构以及遗传分化研究。结果得到黄精属SCo T-PCR最佳反应体系,筛选出15条多态性较好的引物,多态性条带比率为94.45%;在物种水平上,3个种质的平均观测等位基因数(observed number of alleles,N_(a))、平均有效等位基因数(effective number of alleles,N_(e))、平均Nei’s基因多样性指数(Nei’s gene diversity index,H)、平均香农指数(Shannon information index,I)分别为1.6783、1.2686、0.1740、0.2786,揭示群体间存在丰富的遗传多样性;聚类分析结果显示,多花黄精与长梗黄精聚成一类,表明亲缘关系较近;卷叶黄精作为单独分枝,其与另外2个种质的亲缘关系也较远;基因多样度(total genetic diversity,H_(t))、基因分化系数(gene diversity within population,H_(s))、遗传分化系数(coefficient of gene differentiation,G_(st))、基因流(gene flow,N_(m))分别为0.2104、0.1740、0.1733、2.3860,表明群体间存在较高水平的基因交流,AMOVA结果显示84%遗传差异来自于群体内,16%遗传差异来自于群体间;群体结构分析表明,当分析群体数(true number of clusters,K)为3时,34份材料可分为3个类群,且与聚类分析结果基本一致。结论SCoT分子标记可有效用于黄精属不同种质之间的亲缘关系及遗传多样性分析,为黄精属植物种质资源的鉴定保护、开发利用提供科学依据。
基金supported by the Russian Science Foundation(grant No.:23-44-00067).
文摘Understanding why elements are distributed in tree xylem in a particular way is a significant challenge in dendrochemistry.This study explored a hypothesis that metal elements in the xylem interact due to differences in physical properties such as ionic radius and ionization potential.Scots pine in an even-aged stand established during the early 1970s in eastern Siberia was the study species.Increment cores were taken from the north and south sides of trees and scanned with an X-ray fluorescent multi scanner.With the help of X-ray scanning,the following elements were analyzed:aluminum(Al),potassium(K),calcium(Ca),titanium(Ti),manganese(Mn),iron(Fe),copper(Cu),strontium(Sr)and zinc(Zn).Scanning data on the elements were split into early-wood and late-wood data for each year of growth.The following ratios were analyzed:Ca/Sr,Fe/Ca,Fe/Sr,Al/Cu,Al/Zn,Ti/Mn,and Mn/K.Among these,ones having a consistent pattern across tree rings,the ratios show a more or less dependable relationship:that an element shows a larger decrease(relative another element)that has a larger ionic radius and lower ionization potential.Hypothetically,this may be due to the advantage of an ion with smaller ionic radius and higher ionization potential under a deficit of accommodation centers in organic molecules.An experiment approach should be applied to clarify the relationships.
基金financially supported by a grant from the Forest Fund of the Polish State Forests(Grant No.EZ.0290.1.16.2021).
文摘We tested the effectiveness of the gradual removal of Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris L.)in former plantations of this species in Roztocze National Park(SE Poland)to support the restoration of natural herbaceous flora and forest structure.We compared 0.5-ha study plots subjected to selective removal of pine trees with control plots excluded from any kind of human intervention for half a century.The observed changes in forest floor vegetation in the converted plots showed naturalization towards habitat-specific species.However,differences in the spatial distribution of trees between the treatment and control plots showed no universal pattern and revealed subtle but positive shifts from regular to random or clustered patterns.The mean tree diameters were higher in plots subjected to Scots pine removal,which resulted from the vigorous growth of tree species,consistent with habitat types.We conclude that forest restoration through the removal of planted trees can support the naturalization of former Scots pine plantations in protected areas.However,the selection of an appropriate method and its intensity are of vital importance.Methods that resemble typical management practices,such as selection thinning,are not always the best approach,as they may preserve or even increase the regular distribution of trees.Therefore,for restoration purposes,we recommend testing other methods that increase spatial heterogeneity,including systematic cutting or emulating natural disturbances.In addition,low-intensity thinning may not be sufficient to support the restoration of natural forest floor vegetation and the variability in forest stand structure.
文摘[目的]分析DNA、引物,dNTPs、Taq DNA聚合酶4种因素对雷公笋SCoT-PCR扩增结果的影响,通过最优的SCoT-PCR反应体系筛选多态性引物,为雷公笋种质资源分子标记研究提供条件。[方法]以海南雷公笋为材料,采用单因素试验和正交试验方法。[结果]Taq酶对雷公笋SCoT-PCR扩增的影响最大,其次是模板DNA和dNTPs,最后是引物;最优反应体系为20μL体系中40 ng DNA,0.30μmol/L引物,0.25 mmol/L dNTPs,3.00 U Taq酶。经验证,该体系获得的扩增产物清晰稳定;应用该体系从40条SCoT引物筛选出8条多态性好,且适合雷公笋扩增的引物,多态性条带占62.64%。[结论]该研究为使用SCoT分子标记技术对雷公笋开展深入研究提供了重要的理论基础和技术支持。
