BACKGROUND The degree of obstruction plays an important role in decision-making for obstructive colorectal cancer(OCRC).The existing assessment still relies on the colorectal obstruction scoring system(CROSS)which is ...BACKGROUND The degree of obstruction plays an important role in decision-making for obstructive colorectal cancer(OCRC).The existing assessment still relies on the colorectal obstruction scoring system(CROSS)which is based on a comprehensive analysis of patients’complaints and eating conditions.The data collection relies on subjective descriptions and lacks objective parameters.Therefore,a scoring system for the evaluation of computed tomography-based obstructive degree(CTOD)is urgently required for OCRC.AIM To explore the relationship between CTOD and CROSS and to determine whether CTOD could affect the short-term and long-term prognosis.METHODS Of 173 patients were enrolled.CTOD was obtained using k-means,the ratio of proximal to distal obstruction,and the proportion of nonparenchymal areas at the site of obstruction.CTOD was integrated with the CROSS to analyze the effect of emergency intervention on complications.Short-term and long-term outcomes were compared between the groups.RESULTS CTOD severe obstruction(CTOD grade 3)was an independent risk factor[odds ratio(OR)=3.390,95%confidence interval(CI):1.340-8.570,P=0.010]via multivariate analysis of short-term outcomes,while CROSS grade was not.In the CTOD-CROSS grade system,for the non-severe obstructive(CTOD 1-2 to CROSS 1-4)group,the complication rate of emergency interventions was significantly higher than that of non-emergency interventions(71.4%vs 41.8%,P=0.040).The postoperative pneumonia rate was higher in the emergency intervention group than in the non-severe obstructive group(35.7%vs 8.9%,P=0.020).However,CTOD grade was not an independent risk factor of overall survival and progression-free survival.CONCLUSION CTOD was useful in preoperative decision-making to avoid unnecessary emergency interventions and complications.展开更多
BACKGROUND The rising global prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)has been closely linked to lifestyle changes driven by globalization.GERD imposes a substantial public health burden,affecting quality of...BACKGROUND The rising global prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)has been closely linked to lifestyle changes driven by globalization.GERD imposes a substantial public health burden,affecting quality of life and leading to potential complications.Early intervention through lifestyle modification can prevent disease onset;however,there is a lack of effective risk prediction models that emphasize primary prevention.AIM To develop and validate a GERD Risk Scoring System(GRSS)aimed at identifying high-risk individuals and promoting primary prevention strategies.METHODS A 45-item questionnaire encompassing major lifestyle and demographic risk factors was developed and validated.It was administered to healthy controls and GERD patients.Two regression models-one using continuous variables and another using categorized variables-were used to develop a computational prediction equation and a clinically applicable scoring scale.An independent validation cohort of 355 participants was used to assess model performance in terms of discrimination(C-index),calibration,sensitivity,specificity,internal consistency(Cronbach's alpha),and test-retest reliability(intraclass correlation coefficient,Bland-Altman analysis).RESULTS Significant associations were observed between GERD and key lifestyle factors.The derived GRSS equation and scoring scale demonstrated strong discriminative ability,with high sensitivity and specificity.The scoring system exhibited excellent internal consistency(Cronbach’s alpha)and strong test-retest reliability.The C-index indicated excellent predictive accuracy in both derivation and validation cohorts.CONCLUSION GRSS offers a novel and validated approach to GERD risk prediction,combining a robust equation for digital applications and a practical scale for clinical use.Its ability to accurately identify at-risk individuals supports a paradigm shift toward primary prevention,underscoring its significance in addressing the growing burden of GERD at the population level.展开更多
Shen et al’s retrospective study aims to compare the utility of two separate scoring systems for predicting mortality attributable to gastrointestinal(GI)injury in critically ill patients[the GI Dysfunction Score(GID...Shen et al’s retrospective study aims to compare the utility of two separate scoring systems for predicting mortality attributable to gastrointestinal(GI)injury in critically ill patients[the GI Dysfunction Score(GIDS)and the Acute Gastroin-testinal Injury(AGI)grade].The authors note that this study is the first proposal that suggests an equivalence between the ability of both scores to predict mor-tality at 28 days from intensive care unit(ICU)admission.Shen et al retrospec-tively analysed an ICU cohort of patients utilising two physicians administering both the AGI grade and GIDS score,using electronic healthcare records and ICU flowsheets.Where these physicians disagreed about the scores,the final decision as to the scores was made by an associate chief physician,or chief physician.We note that the primary reason for the development of GIDS was to create a clear score for GI dysfunction,with minimal subjectivity or inter-operator variability.The subjectivity inherent to the older AGI grading system is what ultimately led to the development of GIDS in 2021.By ensuring consensus between physicians administering the AGI,Shen et al have controlled for one of this grading systems biggest issues.We have concerns,however,that this does not represent the real-world challenges associated with applying the AGI compared to the newer GIDS,and wonder if this arbitration process had not been instituted,would the two scoring systems remain equivalent in terms of predicted mortality?展开更多
BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP)is an emergency gastrointestinal disease that requires immediate diagnosis and urgent clinical treatment.An accurate assessment and precise staging of severity are essential in initial...BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP)is an emergency gastrointestinal disease that requires immediate diagnosis and urgent clinical treatment.An accurate assessment and precise staging of severity are essential in initial intensive therapy.AIM To explore the prognostic value of inflammatory markers and several scoring systems[Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II,the bedside index of severity in AP(BISAP),Ranson’s score,the computed tomography severity index(CTSI)and sequential organ failure assessment]in severity stratification of earlyphase AP.METHODS A total of 463 patients with AP admitted to our hospital between 1 January 2021 and 30 June 2024 were retrospectively enrolled in this study.Inflammation marker and scoring system levels were calculated and compared between different severity groups.Relationships between severity and several predictors were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.Predictive ability was estimated using receiver operating characteristic curves.RESULTS Of the 463 patients,50(10.80%)were classified as having severe AP(SAP).The results revealed that the white cell count significantly increased,whereas the prognostic nutritional index measured within 48 hours(PNI48)and calcium(Ca^(2+))were decreased as the severity of AP increased(P<0.001).According to multivariate logistic regression,C-reactive protein measured within 48 hours(CRP_(48)),Ca^(2+)levels,and PNI48 were independent risk factors for predicting SAP.The area under the curve(AUC)values for the CRP_(48),Ca^(2+),PNI48,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II,sequential organ failure assessment,BISAP,CTSI,and Ranson scores for the prediction of SAP were 0.802,0.736,0.871,0.799,0.783,0.895,0.931 and 0.914,respectively.The AUC for the combined CRP_(48)+Ca^(2+)+PNI48 model was 0.892.The combination of PNI48 and Ranson achieved an AUC of 0.936.CONCLUSION Independent risk factors for developing SAP include CRP_(48),Ca^(2+),and PNI48.CTSI,BISAP,and the combination of PNI48 and the Ranson score can act as reliable predictors of SAP.展开更多
In this article,we discuss the recently published article by Yang et al.This retrospective analysis,which was conducted at a large urban tertiary care center,focused on comparing Lille model scores at days 3 and 7 wit...In this article,we discuss the recently published article by Yang et al.This retrospective analysis,which was conducted at a large urban tertiary care center,focused on comparing Lille model scores at days 3 and 7 with established scoring systems and identifying critical clinical predictors,such as renal dysfunction,nutritional status,and underlying cirrhosis.Alcoholic hepatitis(AH),a severe manifestation of alcohol-related liver disease,is associated with high morbidity and mortality,necessitating accurate prognostic tools and comprehensive clinical assessments.Prognostic tools are invaluable for early risk stratification,but they must be contextualized within the multifactorial nature of AH.Acute renal dysfunction and poor nutritional status,for example,are not just complications but pivotal markers of disease severity and systemic impact.Addressing these factors requires a holistic approach that extends beyond scoring systems to include targeted interventions and comprehensive patient care.This editorial emphasizes the need for a paradigm shift in AH management,where prognostic models are complemented by a deeper understanding of patient-specific factors.Such an approach can guide clinicians in tailoring therapies and improving outcomes for this high-risk population.展开更多
In the past decade,financial institutions have invested significant efforts in the development of accurate analytical credit scoring models.The evidence suggests that even small improvements in the accuracy of existin...In the past decade,financial institutions have invested significant efforts in the development of accurate analytical credit scoring models.The evidence suggests that even small improvements in the accuracy of existing credit-scoring models may optimize profits while effectively managing risk exposure.Despite continuing efforts,the majority of existing credit scoring models still include some judgment-based assumptions that are sometimes supported by the significant findings of previous studies but are not validated using the institution’s internal data.We argue that current studies related to the development of credit scoring models have largely ignored recent developments in statistical methods for sufficient dimension reduction.To contribute to the field of financial innovation,this study proposes a Dimension Reduction Assisted Credit Scoring(DRA-CS)method via distance covariance-based sufficient dimension reduction(DCOV-SDR)in Majorization-Minimization(MM)algorithm.First,in the presence of a large number of variables,the DRA-CS method results in greater dimension reduction and better prediction accuracy than the other methods used for dimension reduction.Second,when the DRA-CS method is employed with logistic regression,it outperforms existing methods based on different variable selection techniques.This study argues that the DRA-CS method should be used by financial institutions as a financial innovation tool to analyze high-dimensional customer datasets and improve the accuracy of existing credit scoring methods.展开更多
BACKGROUND Designing a feasible risk prediction model for advanced colorectal neoplasia(ACN)can enhance colonoscopy screening efficiency.Abdominal obesity is associated with colorectal cancer development.AIM To propos...BACKGROUND Designing a feasible risk prediction model for advanced colorectal neoplasia(ACN)can enhance colonoscopy screening efficiency.Abdominal obesity is associated with colorectal cancer development.AIM To propose and evaluate a modified scoring model incorporating waist-hip ratio for the prediction of ACN.METHODS A total of 6483 patients who underwent their first screening or diagnostic colonoscopy in our center between 2020 and 2023 were recruited,in which 4592 were in the derivation cohort and 1891 formed a validation cohort.Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the risk factors of ACN in the derivation cohort based on endoscopic findings,and a new scoring model for ACN prediction was developed.The discriminatory capability of the scoring model was validated by the validation cohort.RESULTS Age,male gender,smoking,and wait-to-hip ratio were identified as independent risk factors for ACN,and a 7-point scoring model was developed.The prevalence of ACN was 3.3%,9.3%and 18.5%in participants with scores of 0-2[low risk(LR)],3–4[moderate risk(MR)],and 5–7[high risk(HR)],respectively,in the derivation cohort.With the scoring model,49.9%,38.4%,and 11.7%of patients in the validation cohort were categorized as LR,MR,and HR,respectively.The corresponding prevalence rates of ACN were 5.0%,10.3%,and 17.6%,respectively.The C-statistic of the new scoring model was 0.66,which was higher than that of the Asia-Pacific Colorectal Screening model(0.63).CONCLUSION A modified scoring model incorporating waist-hip ratio has an improved predictive performance in the prediction of ACN.展开更多
Traditional tumor-node-metastasis staging overlooks key prognostic factors such as inflammation and nutrition,limiting individualized treatment in colorectal cancer.Integrating biochemical markers with artificial inte...Traditional tumor-node-metastasis staging overlooks key prognostic factors such as inflammation and nutrition,limiting individualized treatment in colorectal cancer.Integrating biochemical markers with artificial intelligence can significantly improve survival prediction and treatment personalization by analyzing complex,multimodal data.This evolving approach holds transformative potential for precision oncology.展开更多
BACKGROUND Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),defined as‘Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction’,are now considered a global health problem.There is a dearth of concepts and scales to assess the severity of th...BACKGROUND Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),defined as‘Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction’,are now considered a global health problem.There is a dearth of concepts and scales to assess the severity of the different symptoms encountered while dealing with the variety of FGIDs as described in the ROME IV classi-fication.We introduced a novel scoring system with the incorporation of 16 different symptoms called Bacharyya’s Questionnaire Scale and started using it while dealing with children suffering from FGIDs.AIM To verify the usefulness and applicability of this recently developed scale,this study was undertaken with the objectives to establish the validity of this scoring system in assessing the severity of symptoms associated with a specific FGID in children and to determine the scoring system's applicability in assessing the treatment response.METHODS The study included children aged 5 to 18 years diagnosed with any FGID based on ROME IV criteria.They completed the newly developed scale and a Visual Analog Scale at initial diagnosis and after a 2-month treatment period.A control group without FGID participated for comparative baseline purposes.Treatment response was defined as a less than or equal to 50%reduction in the total score,which is statistically significant.RESULTS Results from a comprehensive cohort of 190 cases and 90 controls indicated a female preponderance(57.9%)and prevalent disorders such as functional constipation(28%)and functional abdominal pain,not otherwise specified(21%).The grade of FGID(mild,moderate,severe)experienced by the patients was also derived.Post-treatment,96 children demonstrated symptom improvement.The Spearman rank correlation coefficient for pre(r=0.72,95%CI:0.65-0.77,P value<0.0001)and post(r=0.49,95%CI:0.3-0.64,P value<0.0001)treatment data showed positive results with significant P values.CONCLUSION The novel scoring system shows high comprehensibility and gives an objective view of the symptomatology of FGIDs.The use of this novel score in clinical settings will be helpful to typify the FGIDs and may significantly improve decision-making processes to initiate appropriate treatment.展开更多
BACKGROUND In recent years,endoscopic resection(ER)has been employed for the excision of submucosal tumors(SMTs).Nonetheless,ER in the duodenum is linked to ele-vated risks of both immediate and delayed hemorrhagic co...BACKGROUND In recent years,endoscopic resection(ER)has been employed for the excision of submucosal tumors(SMTs).Nonetheless,ER in the duodenum is linked to ele-vated risks of both immediate and delayed hemorrhagic complications and perforations.Satisfactory suturing is crucial for reducing the occurrence of complications.AIM To establish a clinical score model for supporting suture decision-making of duodenal SMTs.METHODS This study included 137 individuals diagnosed with duodenal SMTs who under-went ER.Participants were evenly divided into two groups:A training cohort(TC)comprising 95 cases and an internal validation cohort(VC)with 42 cases.Subsequently,a scoring system was formulated utilizing multivariate logistic regression analysis within the TC,which was then subjected to evaluation in the VC.RESULTS The clinical scoring system incorporated two key factors:Extraluminal growth,which was assigned 2 points,and endoscopic full-thickness resection,which was given 3 points.This model demonstrated strong predictive accuracy,as evidenced by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.900(95%confidence interval:0.823-0.976).Additionally,the model’s goodness-of-fit was validated by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test(P=0.404).The probability of purse-string suturing in low(score 0-2)and high(score>3)categories were 3.0%and 64.3%in the TC,and 6.1%and 88.9%in the VC,respectively.CONCLUSION This scoring system may function as a beneficial instrumentality for medical practitioners,facilitating the decision-making process concerning suture techniques in the context of duodenal SMTs.展开更多
BACKGROUND The Asia-Pacific Colorectal Screening(APCS)score was designed with the purpose of distinguishing individuals at high risk(HR)for colorectal advanced neoplasia(AN).Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constituti...BACKGROUND The Asia-Pacific Colorectal Screening(APCS)score was designed with the purpose of distinguishing individuals at high risk(HR)for colorectal advanced neoplasia(AN).Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution was also linked with colorectal cancer(CRC).AIM To integrate the APCS score with TCM constitution identification as a new algorithm to screen for CRC.METHODS A cross-sectional multicenter study was carried out in three hospitals,enrolling 1430 patients who were asymptomatic and undergoing screening colonoscopy from 2022 to 2023.Patients were considered to have average risk,moderate risk,or HR with their APCS score.Odd ratios assessed the relationship between TCM constitution and disease progression.A TCM constitution risk score was created.The sensitivity and specificity of the new algorithm were calculated to evaluate diagnostic performance in detecting advanced adenoma(AA),CRC,and AN.RESULTS Of the 1430 patients,370(25.9%)were categorized as average risk,755(52.8%)as moderate risk,and 305(21.3%)as HR.Using the combined APCS score and the TCM constitution(damp-heat,qi-deficiency,yang-deficiency,phlegm-dampness,and inherited special constitution as positive)algorithm,72.2%of patients with AA and 73.7%of patients with AN were detected.Compared with the APCS score alone,the new algorithm significantly improved the sensitivity for screening AA[72.2%,95%confidence interval(CI):64.4%-80.0%vs 49.2%,95%CI:40.5%-57.9%]and AN(73.7%,95%CI:66.4%-81.1%vs 51.1%,95%CI:42.7%-59.5%).CONCLUSION The combination of APCS and TCM constitution identification questionnaires was valuable in identifying Chinese individuals who were asymptomatic for colorectal screening prioritization.展开更多
Objective The lack of clarity regarding the application performance of a hybrid operating room(HOR)and the uncertainty of surgical scheduling often lead to its inefficient application.This study aimed to review the cl...Objective The lack of clarity regarding the application performance of a hybrid operating room(HOR)and the uncertainty of surgical scheduling often lead to its inefficient application.This study aimed to review the clinical application of our neurosurgical HOR and propose a scale to score cases clearly.Methods We reviewed the operating procedures and duration of stay in 1865 HOR cases.The actual procedures of each case were summarized into 5 application types,and numerical assignment was used to distinguish the dependence of each type on our HOR:surgical procedures combined with interventional procedures(4 points,the highest dependence),surgical procedures combined with imaging procedures(3 points),interventional procedures(2 points),imaging procedures(1 point),and surgical procedures(0 points,the lowest dependence).Results A novel scale that could score 1865 cases into those 5 grades was developed.The percentages by grade were as follows:4 points,4.24%;3 points,4.88%;2 points,20.75%;1 point,69.38%;and 0 points,0.75%.The cumulative usage time was 4241.9 h,the duration of which was as follows:4 points,16.17%;3 points,15.50%;2 points,31.32%;1 point,35.62%;and 0 points,1.39%.Conclusions The HOR serves as a multifunctional room to treat neurosurgical diseases.The scale helps to quickly prioritize cases that rely more on HOR,providing guidelines for surgical scheduling.Although our HOR is unsuitable for emergency cases,it clearly shows the application performance of our HOR to provide a reference for promoting its efficient application.展开更多
BACKGROUND Severe symptoms associated with sepsis syndrome(SS)are considered a severe threat,which not only increases therapeutic difficulty but also causes a prognostic mortality rate.However,at present,few related s...BACKGROUND Severe symptoms associated with sepsis syndrome(SS)are considered a severe threat,which not only increases therapeutic difficulty but also causes a prognostic mortality rate.However,at present,few related studies focused on the application of different score scales for disease and prognosis assessment in liver cirrhosis(LC)complicated with SS.AIM To determine the correlations of the model for end-stage liver disease(MELD),sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA),and modified early warning score(MEWS)points with the prognosis of patients with LC complicated with SS.METHODS This retrospective analysis included 426 LC cases from February 2019 to April 2022.Of them,225 cases that were complicated with SS were assigned to the LC+SS group,and 201 simple LC cases were included in the LC group.Intergroup differences in MELD,SOFA,and MEWS scores were compared,as well as their diagnostic value for LC+SS.The correlations of the three scores with the progno-sis of patients with LC+SS were further analyzed,as well as the related risk factors affecting patients’outcomes,after the follow-up investigation.RESULTS MELD,SOFA,and MEWS scores were all higher in the LC+SS group vs the LC group,and their combined assessment for LC+SS revealed a diagnostic sensi-tivity and a specificity of 89.66%and 90.84%,respectively(P<0.05).The LC+SS group reported 58 deaths,with an overall mortality rate of 25.78%.Deceased pa-tients presented higher MELD,SOFA,and MEWS points than those who survived(P<0.05).MELD,SOFA,and MEWS scores were determined by COX analysis as factors independently affecting the prognosis of patients with LC+SS(P<0.05).CONCLUSION MELD,SOFA,and MEWS effectively diagnosed LC in patients complicated with SS,and they demonstrated great significance in assessing prognosis,which provides a reliable prognosis guarantee for patients with LC+SS.However,their assessment effects remain limited,which is worthy of further investigation by more in-depth and rigorous experimental analysis.展开更多
To assess the relationship between pronuclear scoring and day-3 embryo quality and pregnancy outcome and to determine the Clinical value of pronuclear stage scoring system in human in vitro fertilization-embryo transf...To assess the relationship between pronuclear scoring and day-3 embryo quality and pregnancy outcome and to determine the Clinical value of pronuclear stage scoring system in human in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer （IVF-ET） program, a pronuclear scoring system was used to score zygotes 16-20 h after insemination during conventional IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection （ICSI）. The embryos were classified into groups Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4, Comparisons were made of the rates of arrested embryos and excellent embryos on day 3. Comparisons of pregnancy outcome were made only in those patients in whom cohorts of similarly Z-scored embryos were transferred, The results showed that there were less arrested embryos and more excellent embryos on day 3 in groups Z1 and Z2 than those in group Z3 and Z4, More embryos arrested and less excellent embryos developed in group Z4 than group Z3. The clinical pregnancy rates resulting from the transfer of single pronuclear score homologous embryo types were similar among groups Z1, Z2 and Z3. Implantation rates of group Z1 were higher （P〈0.05） than that of group Z3, These findings suggests that pronuclear scoring can predict developmental ability on day 3 and implantation potential. A evaluation that combines the Z-score and day 3 embryo morphology is useful in the determination of the most viable embryos and the number of embryos for transfer.展开更多
Although psychometric features have been considered for alternative credit scoring,they have not yet been applied to peer-to-peer(P2P)lending because such information is not available on platforms.This study proposed ...Although psychometric features have been considered for alternative credit scoring,they have not yet been applied to peer-to-peer(P2P)lending because such information is not available on platforms.This study proposed an alternative credit scoring model for P2P lending by extracting typical personality types inferred from the borrowers’job category.We projected a virtual space of borrowers by using the affinity matrix based on the Myers–Briggs type indicator(MBTI)that fits each job category.Applying the distance in this space to Lending Club data,we used locally weighted logistic regression to vary the coefficients of the variables,which affect loan repayments,with each MBTI type for predicting the default probability.We found that each MBTI type’s credit scoring model has different significant variables.This study provides insights into breakthroughs in developing alternative credit scoring for P2P lending.展开更多
For the emerging peer-to-peer(P2P)lending markets to survive,they need to employ credit-risk management practices such that an investor base is profitable in the long run.Traditionally,credit-risk management relies on...For the emerging peer-to-peer(P2P)lending markets to survive,they need to employ credit-risk management practices such that an investor base is profitable in the long run.Traditionally,credit-risk management relies on credit scoring that predicts loans’probability of default.In this paper,we use a profit scoring approach that is based on modeling the annualized adjusted internal rate of returns of loans.To validate our profit scoring models with traditional credit scoring models,we use data from a European P2P lending market,Bondora,and also a random sample of loans from the Lending Club P2P lending market.We compare the out-of-sample accuracy and profitability of the credit and profit scoring models within several classes of statistical and machine learning models including the following:logistic and linear regression,lasso,ridge,elastic net,random forest,and neural networks.We found that our approach outperforms standard credit scoring models for Lending Club and Bondora loans.More specifically,as opposed to credit scoring models,returns across all loans are 24.0%(Bondora)and 15.5%(Lending Club)higher,whereas accuracy is 6.7%(Bondora)and 3.1%(Lending Club)higher for the proposed profit scoring models.Moreover,our results are not driven by manual selection as profit scoring models suggest investing in more loans.Finally,even if we consider data sampling bias,we found that the set of superior models consists almost exclusively of profit scoring models.Thus,our results contribute to the literature by suggesting a paradigm shift in modeling credit-risk in the P2P market to prefer profit as opposed to credit-risk scoring models.展开更多
The objective of this paper is to explore the reliability of Online Automatic Scoring(OAS)through the comparison of OAS and Teacher Scoring(TS),and further demonstrate the feasibility of the integration of the two sco...The objective of this paper is to explore the reliability of Online Automatic Scoring(OAS)through the comparison of OAS and Teacher Scoring(TS),and further demonstrate the feasibility of the integration of the two scoring methods.The Pearson correlation statistics of the two scoring results of 115 compositions are processed with SPSS analysis software,indicating that the correlation between the two reaches 0.83,which means that OAS is relatively reliable in dealing with students’compositions.After the second stage of the TS experiment,the questionnaire results show that students generally recognize the OAS and have a clear understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of the two scoring methods.Combined with the students’interview,the conclusion is that the OAS is reliable and the integration of the two scoring methods will have a better effect.展开更多
In order to detect web shells that hackers inject into web servers by exploiting system vulnerabilities or web page open sources, a novel web shell detection system based on the scoring scheme is proposed, named Evil-...In order to detect web shells that hackers inject into web servers by exploiting system vulnerabilities or web page open sources, a novel web shell detection system based on the scoring scheme is proposed, named Evil-hunter. First, a large set of malicious function samples normally used in web shells are collected from various sources on the Internet and security forums. Secondly, according to the danger level and the frequency of using these malicious functions in the web shells as well as in legal web applications, an assigning score strategy for each malicious sample is devised. Then, the appropriate score threshold value for each sample is obtained from the results of a statistical analysis. Finally, based on the threshold value, a simple algorithm is presented to identify files that contain web shells in web applications. The experimental results show that compared with other approaches, Evil-hunter can identify web shells more efficiently and accurately.展开更多
AIM:To investigate the prognostic usefulness of several existing scoring systems in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis(AP).METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed the prospectively collected clinical database f...AIM:To investigate the prognostic usefulness of several existing scoring systems in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis(AP).METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed the prospectively collected clinical database from consecutive patients with AP in our institution between January 2011 and December 2012.Ranson,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)-Ⅱ,and bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis(BISAP)scores,and computed tomography severity index(CTSI)of all patients were calculated.Serum C-reactive protein(CRP)levels were measured at admission(CRPi)and after 24h(CRP24).Severe AP was defined as persistent organ failure for more than 48 h.The predictive accuracy of each scoring system was measured by the area under the receiver-operating curve(AUC).RESULTS:Of 161 patients,21(13%)were classified as severe AP,and 3(1.9%)died.Statistically significant cutoff values for prediction of severe AP were Ranson≥3,BISAP≥2,APACHE-Ⅱ≥8,CTSI≥3,and CRP24≥21.4.AUCs for Ranson,BISAP,APACHE-Ⅱ,CTSI,and CRP24 in predicting severe AP were 0.69(95%CI:0.62-0.76),0.74(95%CI:0.66-0.80),0.78(95%CI:0.70-0.84),0.69(95%CI:0.61-0.76),and0.68(95%CI:0.57-0.78),respectively.APACHE-Ⅱdemonstrated the highest accuracy for prediction of severe AP,however,no statistically significant pairwise differences were observed between APACHE-Ⅱand the other scoring systems,including CRP24.CONCLUSION:Various scoring systems showed similar predictive accuracy for severity of AP.Unique models are needed in order to achieve further improvement of prognostic accuracy.展开更多
基金the Youth Foundation of Fujian Provincial Health Commission,No.2021QNA014the Construction Project of Fujian Province Minimally Invasive Medical Center,No.[2021]76.
文摘BACKGROUND The degree of obstruction plays an important role in decision-making for obstructive colorectal cancer(OCRC).The existing assessment still relies on the colorectal obstruction scoring system(CROSS)which is based on a comprehensive analysis of patients’complaints and eating conditions.The data collection relies on subjective descriptions and lacks objective parameters.Therefore,a scoring system for the evaluation of computed tomography-based obstructive degree(CTOD)is urgently required for OCRC.AIM To explore the relationship between CTOD and CROSS and to determine whether CTOD could affect the short-term and long-term prognosis.METHODS Of 173 patients were enrolled.CTOD was obtained using k-means,the ratio of proximal to distal obstruction,and the proportion of nonparenchymal areas at the site of obstruction.CTOD was integrated with the CROSS to analyze the effect of emergency intervention on complications.Short-term and long-term outcomes were compared between the groups.RESULTS CTOD severe obstruction(CTOD grade 3)was an independent risk factor[odds ratio(OR)=3.390,95%confidence interval(CI):1.340-8.570,P=0.010]via multivariate analysis of short-term outcomes,while CROSS grade was not.In the CTOD-CROSS grade system,for the non-severe obstructive(CTOD 1-2 to CROSS 1-4)group,the complication rate of emergency interventions was significantly higher than that of non-emergency interventions(71.4%vs 41.8%,P=0.040).The postoperative pneumonia rate was higher in the emergency intervention group than in the non-severe obstructive group(35.7%vs 8.9%,P=0.020).However,CTOD grade was not an independent risk factor of overall survival and progression-free survival.CONCLUSION CTOD was useful in preoperative decision-making to avoid unnecessary emergency interventions and complications.
文摘BACKGROUND The rising global prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)has been closely linked to lifestyle changes driven by globalization.GERD imposes a substantial public health burden,affecting quality of life and leading to potential complications.Early intervention through lifestyle modification can prevent disease onset;however,there is a lack of effective risk prediction models that emphasize primary prevention.AIM To develop and validate a GERD Risk Scoring System(GRSS)aimed at identifying high-risk individuals and promoting primary prevention strategies.METHODS A 45-item questionnaire encompassing major lifestyle and demographic risk factors was developed and validated.It was administered to healthy controls and GERD patients.Two regression models-one using continuous variables and another using categorized variables-were used to develop a computational prediction equation and a clinically applicable scoring scale.An independent validation cohort of 355 participants was used to assess model performance in terms of discrimination(C-index),calibration,sensitivity,specificity,internal consistency(Cronbach's alpha),and test-retest reliability(intraclass correlation coefficient,Bland-Altman analysis).RESULTS Significant associations were observed between GERD and key lifestyle factors.The derived GRSS equation and scoring scale demonstrated strong discriminative ability,with high sensitivity and specificity.The scoring system exhibited excellent internal consistency(Cronbach’s alpha)and strong test-retest reliability.The C-index indicated excellent predictive accuracy in both derivation and validation cohorts.CONCLUSION GRSS offers a novel and validated approach to GERD risk prediction,combining a robust equation for digital applications and a practical scale for clinical use.Its ability to accurately identify at-risk individuals supports a paradigm shift toward primary prevention,underscoring its significance in addressing the growing burden of GERD at the population level.
文摘Shen et al’s retrospective study aims to compare the utility of two separate scoring systems for predicting mortality attributable to gastrointestinal(GI)injury in critically ill patients[the GI Dysfunction Score(GIDS)and the Acute Gastroin-testinal Injury(AGI)grade].The authors note that this study is the first proposal that suggests an equivalence between the ability of both scores to predict mor-tality at 28 days from intensive care unit(ICU)admission.Shen et al retrospec-tively analysed an ICU cohort of patients utilising two physicians administering both the AGI grade and GIDS score,using electronic healthcare records and ICU flowsheets.Where these physicians disagreed about the scores,the final decision as to the scores was made by an associate chief physician,or chief physician.We note that the primary reason for the development of GIDS was to create a clear score for GI dysfunction,with minimal subjectivity or inter-operator variability.The subjectivity inherent to the older AGI grading system is what ultimately led to the development of GIDS in 2021.By ensuring consensus between physicians administering the AGI,Shen et al have controlled for one of this grading systems biggest issues.We have concerns,however,that this does not represent the real-world challenges associated with applying the AGI compared to the newer GIDS,and wonder if this arbitration process had not been instituted,would the two scoring systems remain equivalent in terms of predicted mortality?
文摘BACKGROUND Acute pancreatitis(AP)is an emergency gastrointestinal disease that requires immediate diagnosis and urgent clinical treatment.An accurate assessment and precise staging of severity are essential in initial intensive therapy.AIM To explore the prognostic value of inflammatory markers and several scoring systems[Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II,the bedside index of severity in AP(BISAP),Ranson’s score,the computed tomography severity index(CTSI)and sequential organ failure assessment]in severity stratification of earlyphase AP.METHODS A total of 463 patients with AP admitted to our hospital between 1 January 2021 and 30 June 2024 were retrospectively enrolled in this study.Inflammation marker and scoring system levels were calculated and compared between different severity groups.Relationships between severity and several predictors were evaluated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression models.Predictive ability was estimated using receiver operating characteristic curves.RESULTS Of the 463 patients,50(10.80%)were classified as having severe AP(SAP).The results revealed that the white cell count significantly increased,whereas the prognostic nutritional index measured within 48 hours(PNI48)and calcium(Ca^(2+))were decreased as the severity of AP increased(P<0.001).According to multivariate logistic regression,C-reactive protein measured within 48 hours(CRP_(48)),Ca^(2+)levels,and PNI48 were independent risk factors for predicting SAP.The area under the curve(AUC)values for the CRP_(48),Ca^(2+),PNI48,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II,sequential organ failure assessment,BISAP,CTSI,and Ranson scores for the prediction of SAP were 0.802,0.736,0.871,0.799,0.783,0.895,0.931 and 0.914,respectively.The AUC for the combined CRP_(48)+Ca^(2+)+PNI48 model was 0.892.The combination of PNI48 and Ranson achieved an AUC of 0.936.CONCLUSION Independent risk factors for developing SAP include CRP_(48),Ca^(2+),and PNI48.CTSI,BISAP,and the combination of PNI48 and the Ranson score can act as reliable predictors of SAP.
文摘In this article,we discuss the recently published article by Yang et al.This retrospective analysis,which was conducted at a large urban tertiary care center,focused on comparing Lille model scores at days 3 and 7 with established scoring systems and identifying critical clinical predictors,such as renal dysfunction,nutritional status,and underlying cirrhosis.Alcoholic hepatitis(AH),a severe manifestation of alcohol-related liver disease,is associated with high morbidity and mortality,necessitating accurate prognostic tools and comprehensive clinical assessments.Prognostic tools are invaluable for early risk stratification,but they must be contextualized within the multifactorial nature of AH.Acute renal dysfunction and poor nutritional status,for example,are not just complications but pivotal markers of disease severity and systemic impact.Addressing these factors requires a holistic approach that extends beyond scoring systems to include targeted interventions and comprehensive patient care.This editorial emphasizes the need for a paradigm shift in AH management,where prognostic models are complemented by a deeper understanding of patient-specific factors.Such an approach can guide clinicians in tailoring therapies and improving outcomes for this high-risk population.
文摘In the past decade,financial institutions have invested significant efforts in the development of accurate analytical credit scoring models.The evidence suggests that even small improvements in the accuracy of existing credit-scoring models may optimize profits while effectively managing risk exposure.Despite continuing efforts,the majority of existing credit scoring models still include some judgment-based assumptions that are sometimes supported by the significant findings of previous studies but are not validated using the institution’s internal data.We argue that current studies related to the development of credit scoring models have largely ignored recent developments in statistical methods for sufficient dimension reduction.To contribute to the field of financial innovation,this study proposes a Dimension Reduction Assisted Credit Scoring(DRA-CS)method via distance covariance-based sufficient dimension reduction(DCOV-SDR)in Majorization-Minimization(MM)algorithm.First,in the presence of a large number of variables,the DRA-CS method results in greater dimension reduction and better prediction accuracy than the other methods used for dimension reduction.Second,when the DRA-CS method is employed with logistic regression,it outperforms existing methods based on different variable selection techniques.This study argues that the DRA-CS method should be used by financial institutions as a financial innovation tool to analyze high-dimensional customer datasets and improve the accuracy of existing credit scoring methods.
基金Supported by The Guangdong Medical Research Foundation of China,No.A2020603.
文摘BACKGROUND Designing a feasible risk prediction model for advanced colorectal neoplasia(ACN)can enhance colonoscopy screening efficiency.Abdominal obesity is associated with colorectal cancer development.AIM To propose and evaluate a modified scoring model incorporating waist-hip ratio for the prediction of ACN.METHODS A total of 6483 patients who underwent their first screening or diagnostic colonoscopy in our center between 2020 and 2023 were recruited,in which 4592 were in the derivation cohort and 1891 formed a validation cohort.Multivariate logistic regression was used to investigate the risk factors of ACN in the derivation cohort based on endoscopic findings,and a new scoring model for ACN prediction was developed.The discriminatory capability of the scoring model was validated by the validation cohort.RESULTS Age,male gender,smoking,and wait-to-hip ratio were identified as independent risk factors for ACN,and a 7-point scoring model was developed.The prevalence of ACN was 3.3%,9.3%and 18.5%in participants with scores of 0-2[low risk(LR)],3–4[moderate risk(MR)],and 5–7[high risk(HR)],respectively,in the derivation cohort.With the scoring model,49.9%,38.4%,and 11.7%of patients in the validation cohort were categorized as LR,MR,and HR,respectively.The corresponding prevalence rates of ACN were 5.0%,10.3%,and 17.6%,respectively.The C-statistic of the new scoring model was 0.66,which was higher than that of the Asia-Pacific Colorectal Screening model(0.63).CONCLUSION A modified scoring model incorporating waist-hip ratio has an improved predictive performance in the prediction of ACN.
文摘Traditional tumor-node-metastasis staging overlooks key prognostic factors such as inflammation and nutrition,limiting individualized treatment in colorectal cancer.Integrating biochemical markers with artificial intelligence can significantly improve survival prediction and treatment personalization by analyzing complex,multimodal data.This evolving approach holds transformative potential for precision oncology.
文摘BACKGROUND Functional gastrointestinal disorders(FGIDs),defined as‘Disorders of Gut-Brain Interaction’,are now considered a global health problem.There is a dearth of concepts and scales to assess the severity of the different symptoms encountered while dealing with the variety of FGIDs as described in the ROME IV classi-fication.We introduced a novel scoring system with the incorporation of 16 different symptoms called Bacharyya’s Questionnaire Scale and started using it while dealing with children suffering from FGIDs.AIM To verify the usefulness and applicability of this recently developed scale,this study was undertaken with the objectives to establish the validity of this scoring system in assessing the severity of symptoms associated with a specific FGID in children and to determine the scoring system's applicability in assessing the treatment response.METHODS The study included children aged 5 to 18 years diagnosed with any FGID based on ROME IV criteria.They completed the newly developed scale and a Visual Analog Scale at initial diagnosis and after a 2-month treatment period.A control group without FGID participated for comparative baseline purposes.Treatment response was defined as a less than or equal to 50%reduction in the total score,which is statistically significant.RESULTS Results from a comprehensive cohort of 190 cases and 90 controls indicated a female preponderance(57.9%)and prevalent disorders such as functional constipation(28%)and functional abdominal pain,not otherwise specified(21%).The grade of FGID(mild,moderate,severe)experienced by the patients was also derived.Post-treatment,96 children demonstrated symptom improvement.The Spearman rank correlation coefficient for pre(r=0.72,95%CI:0.65-0.77,P value<0.0001)and post(r=0.49,95%CI:0.3-0.64,P value<0.0001)treatment data showed positive results with significant P values.CONCLUSION The novel scoring system shows high comprehensibility and gives an objective view of the symptomatology of FGIDs.The use of this novel score in clinical settings will be helpful to typify the FGIDs and may significantly improve decision-making processes to initiate appropriate treatment.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.82170555Shanghai Academic/Technology Research Leader,No.22XD1422400+2 种基金Shanghai“Rising Stars of Medical Talent”Youth Development Program,No.20224Z0005the 74th General Support of China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.2023M740675Outstanding Resident Clinical Postdoctoral Program of Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University.
文摘BACKGROUND In recent years,endoscopic resection(ER)has been employed for the excision of submucosal tumors(SMTs).Nonetheless,ER in the duodenum is linked to ele-vated risks of both immediate and delayed hemorrhagic complications and perforations.Satisfactory suturing is crucial for reducing the occurrence of complications.AIM To establish a clinical score model for supporting suture decision-making of duodenal SMTs.METHODS This study included 137 individuals diagnosed with duodenal SMTs who under-went ER.Participants were evenly divided into two groups:A training cohort(TC)comprising 95 cases and an internal validation cohort(VC)with 42 cases.Subsequently,a scoring system was formulated utilizing multivariate logistic regression analysis within the TC,which was then subjected to evaluation in the VC.RESULTS The clinical scoring system incorporated two key factors:Extraluminal growth,which was assigned 2 points,and endoscopic full-thickness resection,which was given 3 points.This model demonstrated strong predictive accuracy,as evidenced by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.900(95%confidence interval:0.823-0.976).Additionally,the model’s goodness-of-fit was validated by the Hosmer-Lemeshow test(P=0.404).The probability of purse-string suturing in low(score 0-2)and high(score>3)categories were 3.0%and 64.3%in the TC,and 6.1%and 88.9%in the VC,respectively.CONCLUSION This scoring system may function as a beneficial instrumentality for medical practitioners,facilitating the decision-making process concerning suture techniques in the context of duodenal SMTs.
文摘BACKGROUND The Asia-Pacific Colorectal Screening(APCS)score was designed with the purpose of distinguishing individuals at high risk(HR)for colorectal advanced neoplasia(AN).Traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)constitution was also linked with colorectal cancer(CRC).AIM To integrate the APCS score with TCM constitution identification as a new algorithm to screen for CRC.METHODS A cross-sectional multicenter study was carried out in three hospitals,enrolling 1430 patients who were asymptomatic and undergoing screening colonoscopy from 2022 to 2023.Patients were considered to have average risk,moderate risk,or HR with their APCS score.Odd ratios assessed the relationship between TCM constitution and disease progression.A TCM constitution risk score was created.The sensitivity and specificity of the new algorithm were calculated to evaluate diagnostic performance in detecting advanced adenoma(AA),CRC,and AN.RESULTS Of the 1430 patients,370(25.9%)were categorized as average risk,755(52.8%)as moderate risk,and 305(21.3%)as HR.Using the combined APCS score and the TCM constitution(damp-heat,qi-deficiency,yang-deficiency,phlegm-dampness,and inherited special constitution as positive)algorithm,72.2%of patients with AA and 73.7%of patients with AN were detected.Compared with the APCS score alone,the new algorithm significantly improved the sensitivity for screening AA[72.2%,95%confidence interval(CI):64.4%-80.0%vs 49.2%,95%CI:40.5%-57.9%]and AN(73.7%,95%CI:66.4%-81.1%vs 51.1%,95%CI:42.7%-59.5%).CONCLUSION The combination of APCS and TCM constitution identification questionnaires was valuable in identifying Chinese individuals who were asymptomatic for colorectal screening prioritization.
基金supported by the Technology Innovation Special Major Project of Hubei Province(grant number 2022BCA003).
文摘Objective The lack of clarity regarding the application performance of a hybrid operating room(HOR)and the uncertainty of surgical scheduling often lead to its inefficient application.This study aimed to review the clinical application of our neurosurgical HOR and propose a scale to score cases clearly.Methods We reviewed the operating procedures and duration of stay in 1865 HOR cases.The actual procedures of each case were summarized into 5 application types,and numerical assignment was used to distinguish the dependence of each type on our HOR:surgical procedures combined with interventional procedures(4 points,the highest dependence),surgical procedures combined with imaging procedures(3 points),interventional procedures(2 points),imaging procedures(1 point),and surgical procedures(0 points,the lowest dependence).Results A novel scale that could score 1865 cases into those 5 grades was developed.The percentages by grade were as follows:4 points,4.24%;3 points,4.88%;2 points,20.75%;1 point,69.38%;and 0 points,0.75%.The cumulative usage time was 4241.9 h,the duration of which was as follows:4 points,16.17%;3 points,15.50%;2 points,31.32%;1 point,35.62%;and 0 points,1.39%.Conclusions The HOR serves as a multifunctional room to treat neurosurgical diseases.The scale helps to quickly prioritize cases that rely more on HOR,providing guidelines for surgical scheduling.Although our HOR is unsuitable for emergency cases,it clearly shows the application performance of our HOR to provide a reference for promoting its efficient application.
文摘BACKGROUND Severe symptoms associated with sepsis syndrome(SS)are considered a severe threat,which not only increases therapeutic difficulty but also causes a prognostic mortality rate.However,at present,few related studies focused on the application of different score scales for disease and prognosis assessment in liver cirrhosis(LC)complicated with SS.AIM To determine the correlations of the model for end-stage liver disease(MELD),sequential organ failure assessment(SOFA),and modified early warning score(MEWS)points with the prognosis of patients with LC complicated with SS.METHODS This retrospective analysis included 426 LC cases from February 2019 to April 2022.Of them,225 cases that were complicated with SS were assigned to the LC+SS group,and 201 simple LC cases were included in the LC group.Intergroup differences in MELD,SOFA,and MEWS scores were compared,as well as their diagnostic value for LC+SS.The correlations of the three scores with the progno-sis of patients with LC+SS were further analyzed,as well as the related risk factors affecting patients’outcomes,after the follow-up investigation.RESULTS MELD,SOFA,and MEWS scores were all higher in the LC+SS group vs the LC group,and their combined assessment for LC+SS revealed a diagnostic sensi-tivity and a specificity of 89.66%and 90.84%,respectively(P<0.05).The LC+SS group reported 58 deaths,with an overall mortality rate of 25.78%.Deceased pa-tients presented higher MELD,SOFA,and MEWS points than those who survived(P<0.05).MELD,SOFA,and MEWS scores were determined by COX analysis as factors independently affecting the prognosis of patients with LC+SS(P<0.05).CONCLUSION MELD,SOFA,and MEWS effectively diagnosed LC in patients complicated with SS,and they demonstrated great significance in assessing prognosis,which provides a reliable prognosis guarantee for patients with LC+SS.However,their assessment effects remain limited,which is worthy of further investigation by more in-depth and rigorous experimental analysis.
文摘To assess the relationship between pronuclear scoring and day-3 embryo quality and pregnancy outcome and to determine the Clinical value of pronuclear stage scoring system in human in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer （IVF-ET） program, a pronuclear scoring system was used to score zygotes 16-20 h after insemination during conventional IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection （ICSI）. The embryos were classified into groups Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4, Comparisons were made of the rates of arrested embryos and excellent embryos on day 3. Comparisons of pregnancy outcome were made only in those patients in whom cohorts of similarly Z-scored embryos were transferred, The results showed that there were less arrested embryos and more excellent embryos on day 3 in groups Z1 and Z2 than those in group Z3 and Z4, More embryos arrested and less excellent embryos developed in group Z4 than group Z3. The clinical pregnancy rates resulting from the transfer of single pronuclear score homologous embryo types were similar among groups Z1, Z2 and Z3. Implantation rates of group Z1 were higher （P〈0.05） than that of group Z3, These findings suggests that pronuclear scoring can predict developmental ability on day 3 and implantation potential. A evaluation that combines the Z-score and day 3 embryo morphology is useful in the determination of the most viable embryos and the number of embryos for transfer.
基金the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)grant funded by the Korea government(MSIT)(2020R1A2C2005026)。
文摘Although psychometric features have been considered for alternative credit scoring,they have not yet been applied to peer-to-peer(P2P)lending because such information is not available on platforms.This study proposed an alternative credit scoring model for P2P lending by extracting typical personality types inferred from the borrowers’job category.We projected a virtual space of borrowers by using the affinity matrix based on the Myers–Briggs type indicator(MBTI)that fits each job category.Applying the distance in this space to Lending Club data,we used locally weighted logistic regression to vary the coefficients of the variables,which affect loan repayments,with each MBTI type for predicting the default probability.We found that each MBTI type’s credit scoring model has different significant variables.This study provides insights into breakthroughs in developing alternative credit scoring for P2P lending.
基金Štefan Lyócsa and Branka Hadji Misheva acknowledge the suppot from grant Horizon 2020 No.825215Štefan Lyócsa and Petra Vašaničováacknowledge the support from grant VEGA No.1/0497/21.
文摘For the emerging peer-to-peer(P2P)lending markets to survive,they need to employ credit-risk management practices such that an investor base is profitable in the long run.Traditionally,credit-risk management relies on credit scoring that predicts loans’probability of default.In this paper,we use a profit scoring approach that is based on modeling the annualized adjusted internal rate of returns of loans.To validate our profit scoring models with traditional credit scoring models,we use data from a European P2P lending market,Bondora,and also a random sample of loans from the Lending Club P2P lending market.We compare the out-of-sample accuracy and profitability of the credit and profit scoring models within several classes of statistical and machine learning models including the following:logistic and linear regression,lasso,ridge,elastic net,random forest,and neural networks.We found that our approach outperforms standard credit scoring models for Lending Club and Bondora loans.More specifically,as opposed to credit scoring models,returns across all loans are 24.0%(Bondora)and 15.5%(Lending Club)higher,whereas accuracy is 6.7%(Bondora)and 3.1%(Lending Club)higher for the proposed profit scoring models.Moreover,our results are not driven by manual selection as profit scoring models suggest investing in more loans.Finally,even if we consider data sampling bias,we found that the set of superior models consists almost exclusively of profit scoring models.Thus,our results contribute to the literature by suggesting a paradigm shift in modeling credit-risk in the P2P market to prefer profit as opposed to credit-risk scoring models.
基金Funded by Shandong Social Science Planning Program(山东省社科规划项目).
文摘The objective of this paper is to explore the reliability of Online Automatic Scoring(OAS)through the comparison of OAS and Teacher Scoring(TS),and further demonstrate the feasibility of the integration of the two scoring methods.The Pearson correlation statistics of the two scoring results of 115 compositions are processed with SPSS analysis software,indicating that the correlation between the two reaches 0.83,which means that OAS is relatively reliable in dealing with students’compositions.After the second stage of the TS experiment,the questionnaire results show that students generally recognize the OAS and have a clear understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of the two scoring methods.Combined with the students’interview,the conclusion is that the OAS is reliable and the integration of the two scoring methods will have a better effect.
基金The Science and Technology Support Program of Jiangsu Province(No.BE2011173)the Future Network Proactive Program of Jiangsu Province(No.BY2013095-5-03)the Program for Special Talent in Six Fields of Jiangsu Province(No.2011-DZ024)
文摘In order to detect web shells that hackers inject into web servers by exploiting system vulnerabilities or web page open sources, a novel web shell detection system based on the scoring scheme is proposed, named Evil-hunter. First, a large set of malicious function samples normally used in web shells are collected from various sources on the Internet and security forums. Secondly, according to the danger level and the frequency of using these malicious functions in the web shells as well as in legal web applications, an assigning score strategy for each malicious sample is devised. Then, the appropriate score threshold value for each sample is obtained from the results of a statistical analysis. Finally, based on the threshold value, a simple algorithm is presented to identify files that contain web shells in web applications. The experimental results show that compared with other approaches, Evil-hunter can identify web shells more efficiently and accurately.
文摘AIM:To investigate the prognostic usefulness of several existing scoring systems in predicting the severity of acute pancreatitis(AP).METHODS:We retrospectively analyzed the prospectively collected clinical database from consecutive patients with AP in our institution between January 2011 and December 2012.Ranson,Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation(APACHE)-Ⅱ,and bedside index for severity in acute pancreatitis(BISAP)scores,and computed tomography severity index(CTSI)of all patients were calculated.Serum C-reactive protein(CRP)levels were measured at admission(CRPi)and after 24h(CRP24).Severe AP was defined as persistent organ failure for more than 48 h.The predictive accuracy of each scoring system was measured by the area under the receiver-operating curve(AUC).RESULTS:Of 161 patients,21(13%)were classified as severe AP,and 3(1.9%)died.Statistically significant cutoff values for prediction of severe AP were Ranson≥3,BISAP≥2,APACHE-Ⅱ≥8,CTSI≥3,and CRP24≥21.4.AUCs for Ranson,BISAP,APACHE-Ⅱ,CTSI,and CRP24 in predicting severe AP were 0.69(95%CI:0.62-0.76),0.74(95%CI:0.66-0.80),0.78(95%CI:0.70-0.84),0.69(95%CI:0.61-0.76),and0.68(95%CI:0.57-0.78),respectively.APACHE-Ⅱdemonstrated the highest accuracy for prediction of severe AP,however,no statistically significant pairwise differences were observed between APACHE-Ⅱand the other scoring systems,including CRP24.CONCLUSION:Various scoring systems showed similar predictive accuracy for severity of AP.Unique models are needed in order to achieve further improvement of prognostic accuracy.
