Landslides are prevalent,regular,and expensive hazards in the Karakoram Highway(KKH)region.The KKH connects Pakistan with China in the present China-Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC)context.This region has not only imm...Landslides are prevalent,regular,and expensive hazards in the Karakoram Highway(KKH)region.The KKH connects Pakistan with China in the present China-Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC)context.This region has not only immense economic importance but also ecological significance.The purpose of the study was to map the landslide-prone areas along KKH using two different techniquesAnalytical Hierarchy Process(AHP)and Scoops 3 D model.The causative parameters for running AHP include the lithology,presence of thrust,land use land cover,precipitation,and Digital Elevation Model(DEM)derived variables(slope,curvature,aspect,and elevation).The AHP derived final landslide susceptibility map was classified into four zones,i.e.,low,moderate,high,and extremely high.Over 80%of the study area falls under the moderate(43%)and high(40%)landslide susceptible zones.To assess the slope stability of the study area,the Scoops 3 D model was used by integrating with the earthquake loading data.The results of the limit equilibrium analysis categorized the area into four groups(low,moderate,high,and extremely high mass)of slope failure.The areas around Main Mantle Thrust(MMT)including Dubair,Jijal,and Kohistan regions,had high volumes of potential slope failures.The results from AHP and Scoops 3 D techniques were validated with the landslides inventory record of the Geological Survey of Pakistan and Google Earth.The results from both the techniques showed similar output that coincides with the known landslides areas.However,Scoops 3 D provides not only susceptible zones but also the range of volume of the potential slope failures.Further,these techniques could be used in other mountainous areas,which could help in the landslide mitigation measures.展开更多
Chinese film director Tian Zhuangzhuang walked away with the best director award at the 10th Shanghai International Film Festival that concluded on June 24.
Landslide susceptibility mapping is an integral part of geological hazard analysis.Recently,the emphasis of many studies has been on data-driven models,notably those derived from machine learning,owing to their aptitu...Landslide susceptibility mapping is an integral part of geological hazard analysis.Recently,the emphasis of many studies has been on data-driven models,notably those derived from machine learning,owing to their aptitude for tackling complex non-linear problems.However,the prevailing models often disregard qualitative research,leading to limited interpretability and mistakes in extracting negative samples,i.e.inaccurate non-landslide samples.In this study,Scoops 3D(a three-dimensional slope stability analysis tool)was utilized to conduct a qualitative assessment of slope stability in the Yunyang section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area.The depth of the bedrock was predicted utilizing a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),incorporating local boreholes and building on the insights from prior research.The Random Forest(RF)algorithm was subsequently used to execute a data-driven landslide susceptibility analysis.The proposed methodology demonstrated a notable increase of 29.25%in the evaluation metric,the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC-AUC),outperforming the prevailing benchmark model.Furthermore,the landslide susceptibility map generated by the proposed model demonstrated superior interpretability.This result not only validates the effectiveness of amalgamating mathematical and mechanistic insights for such analyses,but it also carries substantial academic and practical implications.展开更多
As the load and working environment temperature increasing,high efficiency oil lubrication was urgently needed for the main bearing of aeroengine.However,the low oil capture efficiency of radial oil scoop affects the ...As the load and working environment temperature increasing,high efficiency oil lubrication was urgently needed for the main bearing of aeroengine.However,the low oil capture efficiency of radial oil scoop affects the application of under-race lubrication structure with radial oil collection.In this work,a novel design of curved blade oil scoop for under-race lubrication is proposed to improve the oil capture efficiency.First of all,the principle of relative velocity optimization is proposed by analyzing the collision process between blade and oil jet for theoretical research.Then,the theoretical curve equations of blade inlet under three different oil jet incidence conditions are solved.After that,the monotonicity of the theoretical curves is analyzed.The effects of rotation speed,oil jet velocity,eccentric distance of oil jet,and include angle of curve are analyzed.The location of the collision points of proposed theoretical curves are also been optimized.Finally,a transient Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulation of the novel oil scoop design was carried out.The simulation results show that the capture efficiency of curved blade oil scoop can be improved by 30%comparing to the traditional design.展开更多
Infant formula milk(IFM)is increasingly utilized as a substitute for natural breastfeeding despite the fact that breast milk has been always recognized as the optimal nourishment method.While IFMs are fortified with e...Infant formula milk(IFM)is increasingly utilized as a substitute for natural breastfeeding despite the fact that breast milk has been always recognized as the optimal nourishment method.While IFMs are fortified with essential nutrients that are crucial for proper growth,they can also harbor non-essential toxic metal contaminants from various sources during the production process.Given the heightened vulnerability of newborns to such contaminants,it is imperative to thoroughly analyze,evaluate,and minimize the toxicity associated with the consumption of such IFMs.However,classical approaches to date,have been always adopted for assessing such risks by finding first the analytical concentration of metals in the IFMs followed by multiplying it by the average daily powder intake(ADI)then dividing by the average infant weight.The outcome is then compared to an established standard such a PTWI to assess the extent of toxicity.The drawback with such studies is the use of a fixed ADI for all samples as if all samples have the same and exact preparation directions while using somewhat different infant masses.Accordingly,this study aims at assessing the toxic risk amongst newborns from IFM consumption through the identification and application of various highly important and toxicity-contributing parameters from each IFM and its directions of preparation label separately which are discussed here for the first time while providing comparisons between the classical approach versus our new approach to highlight its importance.Seventy-three IFMs(0e6 months)were analyzed for lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),arsenic(As),and aluminum(Al)levels and unlike previous studies,this work incorporated various feeding parameters from each IFM for calculating the intakes thus,revealing potential toxicity risks even in IFMs that are considered safe by the classical approach.Metal contamination was significant,with 97.3%of samples containing detectable Pb,41.1%Cd,16.4%As,and 93.2%Al while highlighting Pb in exceeding its maximum allowable level(MAL).This novel approach,which considers new diverse feeding schedules/parameters that are ironically suggested by manufacturers that have been previously overlooked elsewhere,emphasized IFMs'potential as sources of heightened metal toxicity in comparison to classical approaches.Results highlighted Pb and Al as major concerns,with As and Cd of lesser concern.Findings also emphasized the importance of such new parameters for safeguarding newborn health and should be payed attention to by caregivers.The study strongly and highly recommends adherence to minimum feeding schedules(MFS)and proper scooping techniques to reduce newborn exposure to toxic metals.It also suggests continuous monitoring and stricter regulations by health authorities at the production level of such products so as to provide a safer commodity in the first degree and to also provide better and somewhat uniform and specific feeding labels and precautions on such products.展开更多
Leaf senescence plays a critical role in a plant’s overall reproductive success due to its involvement in nutrient remobilization and allocation.However,our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlli...Leaf senescence plays a critical role in a plant’s overall reproductive success due to its involvement in nutrient remobilization and allocation.However,our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling leaf senescence remains limited.In this study,we show that the receptor-like kinase MALE DISCOVERER 1-INTERACTING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 2(MIK2)functions as a negative regulator of leaf senescence.We found that the SERINE-RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDE 12,previously known to physically interact with MIK2,competes with SCOOP10 to regulate MIK2-dependent leaf senescence.We observed that increased expression of SCOOP10 or the application of exogenous SCOOP10 peptides accelerated leaf senescence in a MIK2-dependent manner.Conversely,SCOOP12 acted as a suppressor of MIK2-dependent leaf senescence regulation.Biochemical assays showed that SCOOP12 enhances while SCOOP10 diminishes MIK2 phosphorylation.Thus,the SCOOP12-MIK2 module might function antagonistically on SCOOP10-MIK2 signaling at late senescing stages,allowing for fine-tuned modulation of the leaf senescence process.Our study sheds light on the complex mechanisms underlying leaf senescence and provides valuable insights into the interplay between receptors,peptides,and the regulation of plant senescence.展开更多
文摘Landslides are prevalent,regular,and expensive hazards in the Karakoram Highway(KKH)region.The KKH connects Pakistan with China in the present China-Pakistan Economic Corridor(CPEC)context.This region has not only immense economic importance but also ecological significance.The purpose of the study was to map the landslide-prone areas along KKH using two different techniquesAnalytical Hierarchy Process(AHP)and Scoops 3 D model.The causative parameters for running AHP include the lithology,presence of thrust,land use land cover,precipitation,and Digital Elevation Model(DEM)derived variables(slope,curvature,aspect,and elevation).The AHP derived final landslide susceptibility map was classified into four zones,i.e.,low,moderate,high,and extremely high.Over 80%of the study area falls under the moderate(43%)and high(40%)landslide susceptible zones.To assess the slope stability of the study area,the Scoops 3 D model was used by integrating with the earthquake loading data.The results of the limit equilibrium analysis categorized the area into four groups(low,moderate,high,and extremely high mass)of slope failure.The areas around Main Mantle Thrust(MMT)including Dubair,Jijal,and Kohistan regions,had high volumes of potential slope failures.The results from AHP and Scoops 3 D techniques were validated with the landslides inventory record of the Geological Survey of Pakistan and Google Earth.The results from both the techniques showed similar output that coincides with the known landslides areas.However,Scoops 3 D provides not only susceptible zones but also the range of volume of the potential slope failures.Further,these techniques could be used in other mountainous areas,which could help in the landslide mitigation measures.
文摘Chinese film director Tian Zhuangzhuang walked away with the best director award at the 10th Shanghai International Film Festival that concluded on June 24.
基金funded by the Sichuan Transportation Science and Technology Project(Grant No.2018-ZL-01)High-end Foreign Expert Introduction program(Grant No.G2022165004L)Science and Technology Research Program of Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.HZ2021001).
文摘Landslide susceptibility mapping is an integral part of geological hazard analysis.Recently,the emphasis of many studies has been on data-driven models,notably those derived from machine learning,owing to their aptitude for tackling complex non-linear problems.However,the prevailing models often disregard qualitative research,leading to limited interpretability and mistakes in extracting negative samples,i.e.inaccurate non-landslide samples.In this study,Scoops 3D(a three-dimensional slope stability analysis tool)was utilized to conduct a qualitative assessment of slope stability in the Yunyang section of the Three Gorges Reservoir area.The depth of the bedrock was predicted utilizing a Convolutional Neural Network(CNN),incorporating local boreholes and building on the insights from prior research.The Random Forest(RF)algorithm was subsequently used to execute a data-driven landslide susceptibility analysis.The proposed methodology demonstrated a notable increase of 29.25%in the evaluation metric,the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC-AUC),outperforming the prevailing benchmark model.Furthermore,the landslide susceptibility map generated by the proposed model demonstrated superior interpretability.This result not only validates the effectiveness of amalgamating mathematical and mechanistic insights for such analyses,but it also carries substantial academic and practical implications.
文摘As the load and working environment temperature increasing,high efficiency oil lubrication was urgently needed for the main bearing of aeroengine.However,the low oil capture efficiency of radial oil scoop affects the application of under-race lubrication structure with radial oil collection.In this work,a novel design of curved blade oil scoop for under-race lubrication is proposed to improve the oil capture efficiency.First of all,the principle of relative velocity optimization is proposed by analyzing the collision process between blade and oil jet for theoretical research.Then,the theoretical curve equations of blade inlet under three different oil jet incidence conditions are solved.After that,the monotonicity of the theoretical curves is analyzed.The effects of rotation speed,oil jet velocity,eccentric distance of oil jet,and include angle of curve are analyzed.The location of the collision points of proposed theoretical curves are also been optimized.Finally,a transient Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)simulation of the novel oil scoop design was carried out.The simulation results show that the capture efficiency of curved blade oil scoop can be improved by 30%comparing to the traditional design.
基金support from the National Council for Scientific Research in Lebanon(CNRS)and the University of Balamand Internal research grants(CNRS-18-Obeid).
文摘Infant formula milk(IFM)is increasingly utilized as a substitute for natural breastfeeding despite the fact that breast milk has been always recognized as the optimal nourishment method.While IFMs are fortified with essential nutrients that are crucial for proper growth,they can also harbor non-essential toxic metal contaminants from various sources during the production process.Given the heightened vulnerability of newborns to such contaminants,it is imperative to thoroughly analyze,evaluate,and minimize the toxicity associated with the consumption of such IFMs.However,classical approaches to date,have been always adopted for assessing such risks by finding first the analytical concentration of metals in the IFMs followed by multiplying it by the average daily powder intake(ADI)then dividing by the average infant weight.The outcome is then compared to an established standard such a PTWI to assess the extent of toxicity.The drawback with such studies is the use of a fixed ADI for all samples as if all samples have the same and exact preparation directions while using somewhat different infant masses.Accordingly,this study aims at assessing the toxic risk amongst newborns from IFM consumption through the identification and application of various highly important and toxicity-contributing parameters from each IFM and its directions of preparation label separately which are discussed here for the first time while providing comparisons between the classical approach versus our new approach to highlight its importance.Seventy-three IFMs(0e6 months)were analyzed for lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),arsenic(As),and aluminum(Al)levels and unlike previous studies,this work incorporated various feeding parameters from each IFM for calculating the intakes thus,revealing potential toxicity risks even in IFMs that are considered safe by the classical approach.Metal contamination was significant,with 97.3%of samples containing detectable Pb,41.1%Cd,16.4%As,and 93.2%Al while highlighting Pb in exceeding its maximum allowable level(MAL).This novel approach,which considers new diverse feeding schedules/parameters that are ironically suggested by manufacturers that have been previously overlooked elsewhere,emphasized IFMs'potential as sources of heightened metal toxicity in comparison to classical approaches.Results highlighted Pb and Al as major concerns,with As and Cd of lesser concern.Findings also emphasized the importance of such new parameters for safeguarding newborn health and should be payed attention to by caregivers.The study strongly and highly recommends adherence to minimum feeding schedules(MFS)and proper scooping techniques to reduce newborn exposure to toxic metals.It also suggests continuous monitoring and stricter regulations by health authorities at the production level of such products so as to provide a safer commodity in the first degree and to also provide better and somewhat uniform and specific feeding labels and precautions on such products.
基金Agricultural Science and Technology Innovation Program,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(ASTIP-TRIO2 to Y.G.)National Natural Science Foundation of China(32270332 to Y.G.,32370337 to J.W.and 31970204 to W.L.)European Research Council(ERC)under the EU Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme(grant agreement 724321 to C.T.).
文摘Leaf senescence plays a critical role in a plant’s overall reproductive success due to its involvement in nutrient remobilization and allocation.However,our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms controlling leaf senescence remains limited.In this study,we show that the receptor-like kinase MALE DISCOVERER 1-INTERACTING RECEPTOR-LIKE KINASE 2(MIK2)functions as a negative regulator of leaf senescence.We found that the SERINE-RICH ENDOGENOUS PEPTIDE 12,previously known to physically interact with MIK2,competes with SCOOP10 to regulate MIK2-dependent leaf senescence.We observed that increased expression of SCOOP10 or the application of exogenous SCOOP10 peptides accelerated leaf senescence in a MIK2-dependent manner.Conversely,SCOOP12 acted as a suppressor of MIK2-dependent leaf senescence regulation.Biochemical assays showed that SCOOP12 enhances while SCOOP10 diminishes MIK2 phosphorylation.Thus,the SCOOP12-MIK2 module might function antagonistically on SCOOP10-MIK2 signaling at late senescing stages,allowing for fine-tuned modulation of the leaf senescence process.Our study sheds light on the complex mechanisms underlying leaf senescence and provides valuable insights into the interplay between receptors,peptides,and the regulation of plant senescence.
