Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects of vitamine B 6 (Vit B 6) and Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (血府逐瘀汤,XFZY, for activating blood circulation to remove stasis) in patients with localized scleroderma(LSD)....Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects of vitamine B 6 (Vit B 6) and Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (血府逐瘀汤,XFZY, for activating blood circulation to remove stasis) in patients with localized scleroderma(LSD). Methods: Thirty-three patients were treated with XFZY and Vit B 6, with 15 cases taking orally prednisone acetate and 20 healthy volunteers as the control. Their level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the patients with LSD before and after treatment were observed. Results: The level of sIL-2R and TNF-α in the serum from the patients with LSD were higher than those of healthy volunteers ( P <0.01). After treatment with Vit B 6 and XFZY, the level of sIL-2R and TNF-α from the patients with LSD decreased significantly ( P <0.01), but there were no difference between the group taking Vit B 6 plus XFZY and the group given prednisone. Conclusion: The activating blood circulation to remove stasis approach in treating LSD with integrative Chinese and Western drugs got better results, and metabolic disorder of tryptophan might be correlated with the etiology of LSD.展开更多
Background:Juvenile Localized Scleroderma(JLS)is a rare pediatric rheumatic disease characterized by inflammation and skin sclerosis.The side effect of consensus-recommended medications and the risk of disability pose...Background:Juvenile Localized Scleroderma(JLS)is a rare pediatric rheumatic disease characterized by inflammation and skin sclerosis.The side effect of consensus-recommended medications and the risk of disability posed challenges to the JLS treatment.We intend to demonstrate the potential of traditional Chinese medicine in treating JLS with skin ulcers and reducing the dose of glucocorticoid.Method:Here we report a case of a 13-year-old male with JLS who took oral methotrexate tablets of 10 mg/week and methylprednisolone of 6 mg/day for over six months without significant effect and suffered from skin ulcers on the dorsal feet one month after drug cessation.Subsequently,the patient was treated with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine of low-dose glucocorticosteroid,adjusted Shenqi Huoxue formula and Jinshe Xiaoyan formula,etc.Results:After integrated treatment,the patient’s dorsal feet ulcers healed and the skin sclerosis and hyperpigmentation improved significantly.Conclusions:This case report suggests that integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine can be used as an effective treatment for JLS.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanisms by which Huoxue Chubi decoction(活血除痹汤,HXCB) affects the protein kinase B(Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) autophagy pathway in scleroderma Balb/c model mice.METHODS:A s...OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanisms by which Huoxue Chubi decoction(活血除痹汤,HXCB) affects the protein kinase B(Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) autophagy pathway in scleroderma Balb/c model mice.METHODS:A scleroderma model was established in male Balb/c mice,followed by daily administration of HXCB(4.6,2.3 and 1.15 g·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)) for 4 weeks.Bodyweight,epidermal and dermal thickness,dermal collagen levels,cutaneous reactive oxygen species(ROS) levels,Akt,Phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt),m TOR,Phosphorylated mTOR(p-mTOR),B-celllymphoma-2-interacting myosin-like coiled-coil protein 1(Beclin-1) and microtubule-associated protein A/B-light chain 3(LC3) protein and messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA) expression were assessed.RESULTS:HXCB treatment significantly reduced epidermal and dermal thickness,dermal collagen levels,ROS levels and the mRNA and protein expression of factors in the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway compared to the scleroderma model group.Conversely,mice body weight and autophagy factors Beclin-1 and LC3 were significantly increased in mice receiving HXCB treatment.Moreover,finally,ROS expression positively correlated with skin thickness,collagen contents and the mRNA expression levels of Akt,while the protein and mRNA expression levels of Akt-mTOR pathway-related factors were inversely correlated with the protein and mRNA expression of Beclin-1 and LC3.CONCLUSION:HXCB can regulate autophagy by invigorating Qi and promoting blood circulation,thereby reducing blood stasis,facilitating new tissue generation,and contributing to scleroderma treatment.This effect may be attributed to the promotion of autophagy and enhancement of collagen degradation through the reduction of tissue oxidative stress elicited by HXCB.展开更多
Background Juvenile localized scleroderma(JLS)is a rare pediatric disease characterized by inflammation and skin thick ening.JLS is associated with deep tissue and extracutaneous involvement that often results in func...Background Juvenile localized scleroderma(JLS)is a rare pediatric disease characterized by inflammation and skin thick ening.JLS is associated with deep tissue and extracutaneous involvement that often results in functional impairment and growth disturbances.This article provides an overview of the disease with a focus on active features and treatment.Data sources We searched databases including PubMed,Elsevier and MedLine and Wanfang,reviewing publications from 2013 to 2019.Selected earlier publications were also reviewed.Results Linear scleroderma is the most common JLS subtype.Several lines of evidence suggest that JLS is an autoimmune disease.Extracutaneous involvement is common and can present before the onset of skin disease.Multiple skin features are associated with disease activity,and activity can also manifest as arthritis,myositis,uveitis,seizures,and growth impairment.Systemic immunosuppressive treatment,commonly methotrexate with or without glucocorticoids,greatly improves outcome and is recommended for treating JLS patients with active disease and moderate or higher severity.Long term monitoring is needed because of the disease's chronicity and the high frequency of relapses off of treatment.Conclusions JLS is associated with a risk for disabling and disfiguring morbidity for the growing child.Identifying active disease is important for guiding treatment,but often difficult because of the paucity of markers and lack of a universal skin activity feature.More studies of JLS pathophysiology are needed to allow the identification of biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Comparative effectiveness treatment studies are also needed to work towards optimizing care and outcome.展开更多
The publisher regrets that the document header on top left of the first page should be“Research Highlights”instead of“Prospective”.The publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
Cascading thermal runaway(TR)propagation poses a critical safety concern for large-format sodium-ion battery(SIB)systems because of the heightened risks of fires or explosions.However,effectively suppressing TR propag...Cascading thermal runaway(TR)propagation poses a critical safety concern for large-format sodium-ion battery(SIB)systems because of the heightened risks of fires or explosions.However,effectively suppressing TR propagation without introducing unintended side effects remains a significant challenge.Herein,we demonstrate a localized energy release method to mitigate TR,by reducing the state of charge(SOC)of cells adjacent to the thermally runaway unit.We discover that as the SOCs decreased from 100%to 25%,the TR trigger temperature decreased significantly,and the maximum temperature decrease from 367 to 229℃.Meanwhile,the volume of gas decreased to one-third of its original value,while the range of explosion limits significantly narrowed.The analysis of the morphology of the debris further confirms that the structural damage is greater at higher SOC levels.Moreover,an Entropy Weight and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution(EW-TOPSIS)method has been established to assess the safety status of SIBs,showing that the TR possibility is nearly linear with the SOCs,and the TR hazard is exponentially related to the SOCs.Finally,when the SOC of cells adjacent to the TR cell is reduced to 25%,TR can be directly blocked without the need for additional cooling or thermal insulation methods.This study not only advances the understanding of TR behavior in SIBs but also offers a straightforward approach to mitigating the TR risk in SIB systems.展开更多
An emerging ZnO/CuInS_(2) S-scheme heterojunction enables the transformation of ZnO,originally limited to ultraviolet light absorption,into a composite with a strong near-infrared response.The charge transfer from the...An emerging ZnO/CuInS_(2) S-scheme heterojunction enables the transformation of ZnO,originally limited to ultraviolet light absorption,into a composite with a strong near-infrared response.The charge transfer from the p-type semiconductor CuInS_(2) to the n-type semiconductor ZnO leads to an increased hole concentration in the CuInS_(2) quantum dots at the heterojunction interface.Consequently,this enhancement not only amplifies the localized surface plasmon resonance effect but also enhances the near-infrared light absorption of CuInS_(2) quantum dots.This strategy effectively addresses common light response challenges,advancing the overarching objective of utilizing the full solar spectrum.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To determine direct targeting of localized adiposity through Morus alba Linne bark injection based on pharmacology network analysis.METHODS:Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet(HFD)to induce obesity.A...OBJECTIVE:To determine direct targeting of localized adiposity through Morus alba Linne bark injection based on pharmacology network analysis.METHODS:Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet(HFD)to induce obesity.After 6 weeks on HFD,the water extract of Morus alba L.bark(MAB,2 mg/mL)was locally injected into one inguinal fat pad,while saline was injected into the other side,3 times/week for 6 weeks(n=6/group).The water extract of MAB was freeze-dried and then diluted in saline before use.RESULTS:HFD-fed mice treated with local MAB topical injection showed reduced adipocyte weight and size in inguinal fat pads by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.No toxicity changes seen in liver,spleen,kidney tissue,or alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase levels in serum by MAB injection.Protein levels of phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 and glucose transporter type 4,and mRNA expression of adiponectin,were increased in inguinal adipose tissue injected with MAB locally.Locally MAB injection led to a decrease in glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase,linked to gluconeogenesis,while forkhead box protein O1,which regulates these factors,was increased.Moreover,there was an increase in adenosine 5‘-monophosphate-activated protein kinase,related to lipogenesis,as well as elevated levels of hormone-sensitive lipase and fatty acid synthase,both associated with lipolysis.These results support the'insulin signaling pathway'and'regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes'identified in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway through network analysis.CONCLUSION:This study suggests that MAB topical injection exhibits localized fat reduction by inhibiting insulin resistance,gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis mediator,while activating lipolysis enzymes within targeted adipose site.展开更多
Corrosion poses a major threat to the safety of transportation pipelines.Therefore,it is crucial to have an in-depth understanding of corrosion mechanisms in pipeline steels for the effective management of pipeline in...Corrosion poses a major threat to the safety of transportation pipelines.Therefore,it is crucial to have an in-depth understanding of corrosion mechanisms in pipeline steels for the effective management of pipeline integrity.Conducting research on corrosion mechanisms relies on the use of efficient and reliable corrosion monitoring and analysis techniques.The advancements in corrosion monitoring techniques specifically designed for the localized corrosion monitoring were aimed to be introduced,and a comprehensive overview of recent progress in understanding the localized corrosion mechanisms in pipeline steels was provided.Based on the different corrosive environments encountered,the localized corrosion issues inside pipelines are classified into two categories:localized corrosion primarily influenced by electrochemical processes and localized corrosion controlled by both electrochemical and mechanical factors.Additionally,a thorough analysis of the synergistic effects between micro-cell and macro-cell currents,as well as the interplay of mechanics and electrochemistry is presented.Finally,recommendations for future research on the mechanisms of internal localized corrosion in pipelines are provided.展开更多
The recognition and monitoring of localized corrosion at the early stage on the inner wall surface of pipes are extremely difficult and simultaneously the reliable approach for recognition and monitoring is missing.He...The recognition and monitoring of localized corrosion at the early stage on the inner wall surface of pipes are extremely difficult and simultaneously the reliable approach for recognition and monitoring is missing.Here we report a spatially resolved method to recognize and monitor the localized corrosion in a non-destructive way based on the permeating hydrogen signal generated from localized corrosion itself.A simulative localized corrosion was created on one side surface of the carbon steel specimen where a dot of wet elemental sulfur was introduced to accelerate the corrosion on the local region.While,the potential on the other side surface(the reverse side of the corrosion site)of the specimen was measured using a scanning Kelvin probe.The results show that the permeating hydrogen generated from localized corrosion easily arrives on the reverse side surface of the corrosion site and then causes a huge change in surface potential.The location resolution of potential distribution can be revealed with micron level.Therefore,it is thought that the location of localized corrosion can be recognized by the permeating hydrogen signal distribution on the reverse side surface of the corrosion site since the region of potential decreasing is highly corresponding to the corrosion site.Moreover,the strength of the permeating hydrogen signal is highly related to the corrosion depth and transient corrosion rate of localized corrosion.This means that the localized corrosion development can also be monitored using the permeating hydrogen signal.Therefore,it can be expected that the localized corrosion occurring on the inner wall surface of pipes or equipment can be recognized and monitored successfully on the outer wall surface in a non-destructive way once the permeating hydrogen is present during the localized corrosion proceeding.展开更多
When only a portion of the shield lining structures in a full-line tunnel are overloaded,their bearing and failure characteristics are significantly different from those in the full-line overloaded case.In existing st...When only a portion of the shield lining structures in a full-line tunnel are overloaded,their bearing and failure characteristics are significantly different from those in the full-line overloaded case.In existing studies,one or several segmental lining rings have been studied,with overload applied to selected lining rings to analyze the performance evolution of the lining structures;however,this approach fails to reveal the bearing and failure characteristics of shield lining rings under localized overload.To address this research gap,we employ 3D finite element modeling to investigate the mechanical performance and failure mechanisms of shield segmental linings under localized overload conditions,and compare the results with full-line overload scenarios.Additionally,the impact of reinforcing shield segmental linings with steel rings is studied to address issues arising from localized overloads.The results indicate that localized overloads lead to significant ring joint dislocation and higher stress on longitudinal bolts,potentially causing longitudinal bolt failure.Furthermore,the overall deformation of lining rings,segmental joint opening,and stress in circumferential bolts and steel bars is lower compared to full-line overloads.For the same overload level,the convergence deformation of the lining under full-line overload is 1.5 to 2.0 times higher than that under localized overload.For localized overload situations,a reinforcement scheme with steel rings spanning across two adjacent lining rings is more effective than installing steel rings within individual lining rings.This spanning ring reinforcement strategy not only enhances the structural rigidity of each ring,but also limits joint dislocation and reduces stress on longitudinal bolts,with the reduction in maximum ring joint dislocation ranging from 70%to 82%and the reduction in maximum longitudinal bolt stress ranging from 19%to 57%compared to reinforcement within rings.展开更多
In recent years,adeno-associated viruses(AAVs)have emerged as leading vectors in gene therapy,with several FDA-approved treatments and ongoing clinical trials demonstrating their effectiveness in treating inherited re...In recent years,adeno-associated viruses(AAVs)have emerged as leading vectors in gene therapy,with several FDA-approved treatments and ongoing clinical trials demonstrating their effectiveness in treating inherited retinal diseases,hemophilia,and Duchenne muscular dystrophy,among others.However,AAV-based therapies still face challenges,including immune responses and side effects,due to high viral doses.To address these challenges,various strategies have been developed,such as creating new viral capsids,optimizing gene expression regulation,and improving delivery methods.Localized delivery is a promising direction,utilizing the tissue tropism of AAVs to reduce systemic side effects and lower the required viral dose,thus improving targeting and efficiency,especially for organs that are difficult to treat with conventional methods.These innovations have opened new pathways for the clinical application of AAVs.This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the various applications of AAVs,offer valuable insights for future research directions,and holds significant importance for researchers and clinicians in the field.As AAV therapy continues to evolve,this article emphasizes its transformative potential in treating genetic diseases,indicating the central role of AAV in the future of gene therapy.展开更多
Owing to anionic redox,cathode materials containing layered Li-rich Mn-based oxides(LLOs)are promising for the development of next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)with a large energy density(~500–600 Wh·kg...Owing to anionic redox,cathode materials containing layered Li-rich Mn-based oxides(LLOs)are promising for the development of next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)with a large energy density(~500–600 Wh·kg^(−1)).However,these LLOs are easily degraded during cycling,which limits their lifespan.So far,the degradation mechanism is still under debate.Herein,LLOs are post-treated through implantation with energetic Ti ion flux(Ti-LLO),which modifies the structure of LLOs both at the surface and within the bulk.Unlike the dominant R3m phase(73.24%)observed in LLOs,the phase structure of Ti-LLO is altered,with Li-rich C2/m accounting for 67.72%in the bulk,alongside the formation of a thin(approximately 2 nm),uniform,and continuous Li-Ti-O spinel layer at the surface.Apart from phase structure changes,chemical valence states of transition metals and O,as well as their evolution,are analyzed and compared to charge transport kinetics to elucidate their contributions to the enhanced discharge capacity in Ti-LLOs.Besides,the role of the Li-Ti-O spinel layer at the surface in providing anticorrosion protection at the interface of LLOs/electrolyte during cycling is evaluated.As a result,we demonstrate that a superhigh discharge capacity(335.3 mAh·g^(−1))at 0.1 C can be achieved,along with prolonged cycling stability(showing capacity retention of approximately 80%after 500 cycles at 1 C)through these modifications.Moreover,we confirmed the universality of the strategy by implanting other ions,which offers practical strategies for achieving high performance in LLO cathode materials through thermodynamics and kinetics pathways.展开更多
The nonisospectral effectλ_t=α(t)λsatisfied by spectral parameterλopens up a new scheme for constructing localized waves to some nonlinear partial differential equations.In this paper,we perform this effect on a c...The nonisospectral effectλ_t=α(t)λsatisfied by spectral parameterλopens up a new scheme for constructing localized waves to some nonlinear partial differential equations.In this paper,we perform this effect on a complex nonisospectral nonpotential sine-Gordon equation by the bilinearization reduction method.From an integrable nonisospectral Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur equation,we construct some exact solutions in double Wronskian form to the reduced complex nonisospectral nonpotential sine-Gordon equation.These solutions,including soliton solutions,Jordan-block solutions and interaction solutions,exhibit localized structure,whose dynamics are analyzed with graphical illustration.The research ideas and methods in this paper can be generalized to other negative order nonisospectral integrable systems.展开更多
304H austenitic stainless steel wire was investigated,emphasizing microstructural deformation,martensite phase transformation,and residual magnetic properties during drawing.Utilizing several microstructural observati...304H austenitic stainless steel wire was investigated,emphasizing microstructural deformation,martensite phase transformation,and residual magnetic properties during drawing.Utilizing several microstructural observation techniques,the volume fraction of martensite,modes of grain deformation in distinct regions,and the phase relationship between austenite and martensite were comprehensively characterized.In addition,a finite element simulation with representative volume elements specific to different zones also offers insights into strain responses during the drawing process.Results from the first-pass drawing reveal that there exists a higher volume fraction of martensite in the central region of 304H austenitic stainless steel wire compared to edge areas.This discrepancy is attributed to a concentrated presence of shear slip system{111}<110>γcrystallographic orientation,primarily accumulating in the central region obeying the Kurdjumov-Sachs path.Subsequent to the second drawing pass,the cumulative shear deformation within distinct regions of the steel wire became more pronounced.This resulted in a progressive augmentation of the volume fraction of martensite in both the central and peripheral regions of the steel wire.Concurrently,this led to a discernible elevation in the overall residual magnetism of the steel wire.展开更多
Under investigation is the n-component nonlinear Schrödinger equation with higher-order effects,which describes the ultrashort pulses in the birefringent fiber.Based on the Lax pair,the eigenfunction and generali...Under investigation is the n-component nonlinear Schrödinger equation with higher-order effects,which describes the ultrashort pulses in the birefringent fiber.Based on the Lax pair,the eigenfunction and generalized Darboux transformation are derived.Next,we construct several novel higher-order localized waves and classified them into three categories:(i)higher-order rogue waves interacting with bright/antidark breathers,(ii)higher-order breather fission/fusion,(iii)higherorder breather interacting with soliton.Moreover,we explore the effects of parameters on the structure,collision process and energy distribution of localized waves and these characteristics are significantly different from previous ones.Finally,the dynamical properties of these solutions are discussed in detail.展开更多
Conventional proton exchange membrane(PEM)electrolysis technology relies on ultrapure water,as cationic impurities(such as Na^(+),Ca^(2+) and Fe^(3+))can occupy H+transport sites in the membrane[1],leading to a sharp ...Conventional proton exchange membrane(PEM)electrolysis technology relies on ultrapure water,as cationic impurities(such as Na^(+),Ca^(2+) and Fe^(3+))can occupy H+transport sites in the membrane[1],leading to a sharp rise in cathode pH,catalyst deactivation,and membrane degradation[2].This forces the system to be equipped with complex water purification equipment and even necessitates the replacement of membrane electrode assemblies(MEAs),increasing the levelized cost of hydrogen(LCOH)[3].To address this,Tao Ling's group recently proposed a"local pH regulation"strategy in Nature Energy[4].展开更多
Localized Scleroderma, also known as morphea, is a dermal disease manifested by localized edematous skin primarily and progressive thickening and hardening of the skin. It mainly affects the scalp, forehead, lumbar, a...Localized Scleroderma, also known as morphea, is a dermal disease manifested by localized edematous skin primarily and progressive thickening and hardening of the skin. It mainly affects the scalp, forehead, lumbar, abdomen and four limbs. The skin lesions are firstly present in single or multiple pink edematous patches in varying sizes, and then change into primrose yellow or beige hardening, being smooth and shiny resembling wax.展开更多
A high speed LIGBT with localized lifetime control by using high dose and low en ergy helium implantation(LC-LIGBT) is proposed.Compared with conventional LIGB Ts,particle irradiation results show that trade-off relat...A high speed LIGBT with localized lifetime control by using high dose and low en ergy helium implantation(LC-LIGBT) is proposed.Compared with conventional LIGB Ts,particle irradiation results show that trade-off relationship between turn- off time and forward voltage drop is improved.At the same time,the forward volta ge drop and turn-off time of such device are researched,when localized lifetime control region place near the p+-n junction,even in p+ anode.The results s how for the first time,helium ions,which stop in the p+ anode,also contribute to the forward voltage drop increasing and turn-off time reducing.展开更多
文摘Objective: To investigate the therapeutic effects of vitamine B 6 (Vit B 6) and Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (血府逐瘀汤,XFZY, for activating blood circulation to remove stasis) in patients with localized scleroderma(LSD). Methods: Thirty-three patients were treated with XFZY and Vit B 6, with 15 cases taking orally prednisone acetate and 20 healthy volunteers as the control. Their level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor (sIL-2R) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in the patients with LSD before and after treatment were observed. Results: The level of sIL-2R and TNF-α in the serum from the patients with LSD were higher than those of healthy volunteers ( P <0.01). After treatment with Vit B 6 and XFZY, the level of sIL-2R and TNF-α from the patients with LSD decreased significantly ( P <0.01), but there were no difference between the group taking Vit B 6 plus XFZY and the group given prednisone. Conclusion: The activating blood circulation to remove stasis approach in treating LSD with integrative Chinese and Western drugs got better results, and metabolic disorder of tryptophan might be correlated with the etiology of LSD.
基金The essay is supported by Research Project of Shanghai Municipal Health Care Commission,No.20204Y0410We appreciate the patient and his parents for their cooperation and consent to disclose the case.We express our gratitude for the support from the members of the scientific innovation volunteer team of rare diseases in Shanghai TCM-Integrated School of clinical medicine,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine.
文摘Background:Juvenile Localized Scleroderma(JLS)is a rare pediatric rheumatic disease characterized by inflammation and skin sclerosis.The side effect of consensus-recommended medications and the risk of disability posed challenges to the JLS treatment.We intend to demonstrate the potential of traditional Chinese medicine in treating JLS with skin ulcers and reducing the dose of glucocorticoid.Method:Here we report a case of a 13-year-old male with JLS who took oral methotrexate tablets of 10 mg/week and methylprednisolone of 6 mg/day for over six months without significant effect and suffered from skin ulcers on the dorsal feet one month after drug cessation.Subsequently,the patient was treated with integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine of low-dose glucocorticosteroid,adjusted Shenqi Huoxue formula and Jinshe Xiaoyan formula,etc.Results:After integrated treatment,the patient’s dorsal feet ulcers healed and the skin sclerosis and hyperpigmentation improved significantly.Conclusions:This case report suggests that integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine can be used as an effective treatment for JLS.
基金Natural Science Foundation-funded Project:Exploration the Mechanism of Yiqi Huoxue Therapy in Treating Scleroderma Fibrosis based on Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase (PI3K)-Protein Kinase B (Akt)-Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signal Pathway about Autophagy (No.81804106)the 2023 Science and Technology Innovation Project Dongzhimen Hospital Beijing University of Chinese Medicine:Exploration the Mechanism of Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Components in Treating Scleroderma Fibrosis Based on PI3K-Akt-mTOR Signal Pathway about Autophagy (No.DZMKJCX-2023-009)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanisms by which Huoxue Chubi decoction(活血除痹汤,HXCB) affects the protein kinase B(Akt)-mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) autophagy pathway in scleroderma Balb/c model mice.METHODS:A scleroderma model was established in male Balb/c mice,followed by daily administration of HXCB(4.6,2.3 and 1.15 g·kg^(-1)·d^(-1)) for 4 weeks.Bodyweight,epidermal and dermal thickness,dermal collagen levels,cutaneous reactive oxygen species(ROS) levels,Akt,Phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt),m TOR,Phosphorylated mTOR(p-mTOR),B-celllymphoma-2-interacting myosin-like coiled-coil protein 1(Beclin-1) and microtubule-associated protein A/B-light chain 3(LC3) protein and messenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA) expression were assessed.RESULTS:HXCB treatment significantly reduced epidermal and dermal thickness,dermal collagen levels,ROS levels and the mRNA and protein expression of factors in the Akt-mTOR signaling pathway compared to the scleroderma model group.Conversely,mice body weight and autophagy factors Beclin-1 and LC3 were significantly increased in mice receiving HXCB treatment.Moreover,finally,ROS expression positively correlated with skin thickness,collagen contents and the mRNA expression levels of Akt,while the protein and mRNA expression levels of Akt-mTOR pathway-related factors were inversely correlated with the protein and mRNA expression of Beclin-1 and LC3.CONCLUSION:HXCB can regulate autophagy by invigorating Qi and promoting blood circulation,thereby reducing blood stasis,facilitating new tissue generation,and contributing to scleroderma treatment.This effect may be attributed to the promotion of autophagy and enhancement of collagen degradation through the reduction of tissue oxidative stress elicited by HXCB.
文摘Background Juvenile localized scleroderma(JLS)is a rare pediatric disease characterized by inflammation and skin thick ening.JLS is associated with deep tissue and extracutaneous involvement that often results in functional impairment and growth disturbances.This article provides an overview of the disease with a focus on active features and treatment.Data sources We searched databases including PubMed,Elsevier and MedLine and Wanfang,reviewing publications from 2013 to 2019.Selected earlier publications were also reviewed.Results Linear scleroderma is the most common JLS subtype.Several lines of evidence suggest that JLS is an autoimmune disease.Extracutaneous involvement is common and can present before the onset of skin disease.Multiple skin features are associated with disease activity,and activity can also manifest as arthritis,myositis,uveitis,seizures,and growth impairment.Systemic immunosuppressive treatment,commonly methotrexate with or without glucocorticoids,greatly improves outcome and is recommended for treating JLS patients with active disease and moderate or higher severity.Long term monitoring is needed because of the disease's chronicity and the high frequency of relapses off of treatment.Conclusions JLS is associated with a risk for disabling and disfiguring morbidity for the growing child.Identifying active disease is important for guiding treatment,but often difficult because of the paucity of markers and lack of a universal skin activity feature.More studies of JLS pathophysiology are needed to allow the identification of biomarkers and therapeutic targets.Comparative effectiveness treatment studies are also needed to work towards optimizing care and outcome.
文摘The publisher regrets that the document header on top left of the first page should be“Research Highlights”instead of“Prospective”.The publisher would like to apologise for any inconvenience caused.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(2023YFB2407900)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52302512)+1 种基金State Key Laboratory of New Ceramic and Fine Processing Tsinghua University(KFZD202305)Zhejiang Province Science and Technology Program Grant(2024C0127(SD2))。
文摘Cascading thermal runaway(TR)propagation poses a critical safety concern for large-format sodium-ion battery(SIB)systems because of the heightened risks of fires or explosions.However,effectively suppressing TR propagation without introducing unintended side effects remains a significant challenge.Herein,we demonstrate a localized energy release method to mitigate TR,by reducing the state of charge(SOC)of cells adjacent to the thermally runaway unit.We discover that as the SOCs decreased from 100%to 25%,the TR trigger temperature decreased significantly,and the maximum temperature decrease from 367 to 229℃.Meanwhile,the volume of gas decreased to one-third of its original value,while the range of explosion limits significantly narrowed.The analysis of the morphology of the debris further confirms that the structural damage is greater at higher SOC levels.Moreover,an Entropy Weight and Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution(EW-TOPSIS)method has been established to assess the safety status of SIBs,showing that the TR possibility is nearly linear with the SOCs,and the TR hazard is exponentially related to the SOCs.Finally,when the SOC of cells adjacent to the TR cell is reduced to 25%,TR can be directly blocked without the need for additional cooling or thermal insulation methods.This study not only advances the understanding of TR behavior in SIBs but also offers a straightforward approach to mitigating the TR risk in SIB systems.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22268003)the projects from Yunnan Province(No.202305AF150116).
文摘An emerging ZnO/CuInS_(2) S-scheme heterojunction enables the transformation of ZnO,originally limited to ultraviolet light absorption,into a composite with a strong near-infrared response.The charge transfer from the p-type semiconductor CuInS_(2) to the n-type semiconductor ZnO leads to an increased hole concentration in the CuInS_(2) quantum dots at the heterojunction interface.Consequently,this enhancement not only amplifies the localized surface plasmon resonance effect but also enhances the near-infrared light absorption of CuInS_(2) quantum dots.This strategy effectively addresses common light response challenges,advancing the overarching objective of utilizing the full solar spectrum.
基金Supported by Korea Health Technology R&D Project through the National Research Foundation of Korea,funded by the Korean Government(Project Number:NRF-2019R1I1A2A01063598)Undergraduate Research Program of the College of Korean Medicine,Kyung Hee University,Republic of Korea,in 2023(Project Number:2023)。
文摘OBJECTIVE:To determine direct targeting of localized adiposity through Morus alba Linne bark injection based on pharmacology network analysis.METHODS:Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high-fat diet(HFD)to induce obesity.After 6 weeks on HFD,the water extract of Morus alba L.bark(MAB,2 mg/mL)was locally injected into one inguinal fat pad,while saline was injected into the other side,3 times/week for 6 weeks(n=6/group).The water extract of MAB was freeze-dried and then diluted in saline before use.RESULTS:HFD-fed mice treated with local MAB topical injection showed reduced adipocyte weight and size in inguinal fat pads by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.No toxicity changes seen in liver,spleen,kidney tissue,or alanine aminotransferase/aspartate aminotransferase levels in serum by MAB injection.Protein levels of phosphorylated insulin receptor substrate-1 and glucose transporter type 4,and mRNA expression of adiponectin,were increased in inguinal adipose tissue injected with MAB locally.Locally MAB injection led to a decrease in glucose-6-phosphatase and phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase,linked to gluconeogenesis,while forkhead box protein O1,which regulates these factors,was increased.Moreover,there was an increase in adenosine 5‘-monophosphate-activated protein kinase,related to lipogenesis,as well as elevated levels of hormone-sensitive lipase and fatty acid synthase,both associated with lipolysis.These results support the'insulin signaling pathway'and'regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes'identified in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway through network analysis.CONCLUSION:This study suggests that MAB topical injection exhibits localized fat reduction by inhibiting insulin resistance,gluconeogenesis and lipogenesis mediator,while activating lipolysis enzymes within targeted adipose site.
基金sponsored by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2022YFC2806200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52001055)the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Structural Analysis for Industrial Equipment(GZ22118).
文摘Corrosion poses a major threat to the safety of transportation pipelines.Therefore,it is crucial to have an in-depth understanding of corrosion mechanisms in pipeline steels for the effective management of pipeline integrity.Conducting research on corrosion mechanisms relies on the use of efficient and reliable corrosion monitoring and analysis techniques.The advancements in corrosion monitoring techniques specifically designed for the localized corrosion monitoring were aimed to be introduced,and a comprehensive overview of recent progress in understanding the localized corrosion mechanisms in pipeline steels was provided.Based on the different corrosive environments encountered,the localized corrosion issues inside pipelines are classified into two categories:localized corrosion primarily influenced by electrochemical processes and localized corrosion controlled by both electrochemical and mechanical factors.Additionally,a thorough analysis of the synergistic effects between micro-cell and macro-cell currents,as well as the interplay of mechanics and electrochemistry is presented.Finally,recommendations for future research on the mechanisms of internal localized corrosion in pipelines are provided.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52171080)。
文摘The recognition and monitoring of localized corrosion at the early stage on the inner wall surface of pipes are extremely difficult and simultaneously the reliable approach for recognition and monitoring is missing.Here we report a spatially resolved method to recognize and monitor the localized corrosion in a non-destructive way based on the permeating hydrogen signal generated from localized corrosion itself.A simulative localized corrosion was created on one side surface of the carbon steel specimen where a dot of wet elemental sulfur was introduced to accelerate the corrosion on the local region.While,the potential on the other side surface(the reverse side of the corrosion site)of the specimen was measured using a scanning Kelvin probe.The results show that the permeating hydrogen generated from localized corrosion easily arrives on the reverse side surface of the corrosion site and then causes a huge change in surface potential.The location resolution of potential distribution can be revealed with micron level.Therefore,it is thought that the location of localized corrosion can be recognized by the permeating hydrogen signal distribution on the reverse side surface of the corrosion site since the region of potential decreasing is highly corresponding to the corrosion site.Moreover,the strength of the permeating hydrogen signal is highly related to the corrosion depth and transient corrosion rate of localized corrosion.This means that the localized corrosion development can also be monitored using the permeating hydrogen signal.Therefore,it can be expected that the localized corrosion occurring on the inner wall surface of pipes or equipment can be recognized and monitored successfully on the outer wall surface in a non-destructive way once the permeating hydrogen is present during the localized corrosion proceeding.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52008308).
文摘When only a portion of the shield lining structures in a full-line tunnel are overloaded,their bearing and failure characteristics are significantly different from those in the full-line overloaded case.In existing studies,one or several segmental lining rings have been studied,with overload applied to selected lining rings to analyze the performance evolution of the lining structures;however,this approach fails to reveal the bearing and failure characteristics of shield lining rings under localized overload.To address this research gap,we employ 3D finite element modeling to investigate the mechanical performance and failure mechanisms of shield segmental linings under localized overload conditions,and compare the results with full-line overload scenarios.Additionally,the impact of reinforcing shield segmental linings with steel rings is studied to address issues arising from localized overloads.The results indicate that localized overloads lead to significant ring joint dislocation and higher stress on longitudinal bolts,potentially causing longitudinal bolt failure.Furthermore,the overall deformation of lining rings,segmental joint opening,and stress in circumferential bolts and steel bars is lower compared to full-line overloads.For the same overload level,the convergence deformation of the lining under full-line overload is 1.5 to 2.0 times higher than that under localized overload.For localized overload situations,a reinforcement scheme with steel rings spanning across two adjacent lining rings is more effective than installing steel rings within individual lining rings.This spanning ring reinforcement strategy not only enhances the structural rigidity of each ring,but also limits joint dislocation and reduces stress on longitudinal bolts,with the reduction in maximum ring joint dislocation ranging from 70%to 82%and the reduction in maximum longitudinal bolt stress ranging from 19%to 57%compared to reinforcement within rings.
基金supported by the Guiding Funds of Central Government for Supporting the Development of the Local Science and Technology(2024BSB012)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81772833).
文摘In recent years,adeno-associated viruses(AAVs)have emerged as leading vectors in gene therapy,with several FDA-approved treatments and ongoing clinical trials demonstrating their effectiveness in treating inherited retinal diseases,hemophilia,and Duchenne muscular dystrophy,among others.However,AAV-based therapies still face challenges,including immune responses and side effects,due to high viral doses.To address these challenges,various strategies have been developed,such as creating new viral capsids,optimizing gene expression regulation,and improving delivery methods.Localized delivery is a promising direction,utilizing the tissue tropism of AAVs to reduce systemic side effects and lower the required viral dose,thus improving targeting and efficiency,especially for organs that are difficult to treat with conventional methods.These innovations have opened new pathways for the clinical application of AAVs.This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the various applications of AAVs,offer valuable insights for future research directions,and holds significant importance for researchers and clinicians in the field.As AAV therapy continues to evolve,this article emphasizes its transformative potential in treating genetic diseases,indicating the central role of AAV in the future of gene therapy.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB2502000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52201277,52207244,52207245)+1 种基金the Xi'an Young Talent Lifting Program(959202413060)the National Outstanding Youth Foundation of China(52125104).
文摘Owing to anionic redox,cathode materials containing layered Li-rich Mn-based oxides(LLOs)are promising for the development of next-generation lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)with a large energy density(~500–600 Wh·kg^(−1)).However,these LLOs are easily degraded during cycling,which limits their lifespan.So far,the degradation mechanism is still under debate.Herein,LLOs are post-treated through implantation with energetic Ti ion flux(Ti-LLO),which modifies the structure of LLOs both at the surface and within the bulk.Unlike the dominant R3m phase(73.24%)observed in LLOs,the phase structure of Ti-LLO is altered,with Li-rich C2/m accounting for 67.72%in the bulk,alongside the formation of a thin(approximately 2 nm),uniform,and continuous Li-Ti-O spinel layer at the surface.Apart from phase structure changes,chemical valence states of transition metals and O,as well as their evolution,are analyzed and compared to charge transport kinetics to elucidate their contributions to the enhanced discharge capacity in Ti-LLOs.Besides,the role of the Li-Ti-O spinel layer at the surface in providing anticorrosion protection at the interface of LLOs/electrolyte during cycling is evaluated.As a result,we demonstrate that a superhigh discharge capacity(335.3 mAh·g^(−1))at 0.1 C can be achieved,along with prolonged cycling stability(showing capacity retention of approximately 80%after 500 cycles at 1 C)through these modifications.Moreover,we confirmed the universality of the strategy by implanting other ions,which offers practical strategies for achieving high performance in LLO cathode materials through thermodynamics and kinetics pathways.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12071432)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.LZ24A010007)。
文摘The nonisospectral effectλ_t=α(t)λsatisfied by spectral parameterλopens up a new scheme for constructing localized waves to some nonlinear partial differential equations.In this paper,we perform this effect on a complex nonisospectral nonpotential sine-Gordon equation by the bilinearization reduction method.From an integrable nonisospectral Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur equation,we construct some exact solutions in double Wronskian form to the reduced complex nonisospectral nonpotential sine-Gordon equation.These solutions,including soliton solutions,Jordan-block solutions and interaction solutions,exhibit localized structure,whose dynamics are analyzed with graphical illustration.The research ideas and methods in this paper can be generalized to other negative order nonisospectral integrable systems.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(52201084 and 52231003)Major Program(JD)of Hubei Province(2023BAA019)+2 种基金China Scholarship Council(CSC)Postdoctoral Station of metallurgical Engineering of Wuhan University of Science and Technology(WUST)Postdoctoral workstation of Zhejiang Jincheng New Material Co.,Ltd.
文摘304H austenitic stainless steel wire was investigated,emphasizing microstructural deformation,martensite phase transformation,and residual magnetic properties during drawing.Utilizing several microstructural observation techniques,the volume fraction of martensite,modes of grain deformation in distinct regions,and the phase relationship between austenite and martensite were comprehensively characterized.In addition,a finite element simulation with representative volume elements specific to different zones also offers insights into strain responses during the drawing process.Results from the first-pass drawing reveal that there exists a higher volume fraction of martensite in the central region of 304H austenitic stainless steel wire compared to edge areas.This discrepancy is attributed to a concentrated presence of shear slip system{111}<110>γcrystallographic orientation,primarily accumulating in the central region obeying the Kurdjumov-Sachs path.Subsequent to the second drawing pass,the cumulative shear deformation within distinct regions of the steel wire became more pronounced.This resulted in a progressive augmentation of the volume fraction of martensite in both the central and peripheral regions of the steel wire.Concurrently,this led to a discernible elevation in the overall residual magnetism of the steel wire.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12271096)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province(Grant No.2021J01302)。
文摘Under investigation is the n-component nonlinear Schrödinger equation with higher-order effects,which describes the ultrashort pulses in the birefringent fiber.Based on the Lax pair,the eigenfunction and generalized Darboux transformation are derived.Next,we construct several novel higher-order localized waves and classified them into three categories:(i)higher-order rogue waves interacting with bright/antidark breathers,(ii)higher-order breather fission/fusion,(iii)higherorder breather interacting with soliton.Moreover,we explore the effects of parameters on the structure,collision process and energy distribution of localized waves and these characteristics are significantly different from previous ones.Finally,the dynamical properties of these solutions are discussed in detail.
基金the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi,China(No.2021GXNSFBA220058)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22272036, 22362008)Guangxi Normal University Research Grant,China(No.2022TD).
文摘Conventional proton exchange membrane(PEM)electrolysis technology relies on ultrapure water,as cationic impurities(such as Na^(+),Ca^(2+) and Fe^(3+))can occupy H+transport sites in the membrane[1],leading to a sharp rise in cathode pH,catalyst deactivation,and membrane degradation[2].This forces the system to be equipped with complex water purification equipment and even necessitates the replacement of membrane electrode assemblies(MEAs),increasing the levelized cost of hydrogen(LCOH)[3].To address this,Tao Ling's group recently proposed a"local pH regulation"strategy in Nature Energy[4].
文摘Localized Scleroderma, also known as morphea, is a dermal disease manifested by localized edematous skin primarily and progressive thickening and hardening of the skin. It mainly affects the scalp, forehead, lumbar, abdomen and four limbs. The skin lesions are firstly present in single or multiple pink edematous patches in varying sizes, and then change into primrose yellow or beige hardening, being smooth and shiny resembling wax.
文摘A high speed LIGBT with localized lifetime control by using high dose and low en ergy helium implantation(LC-LIGBT) is proposed.Compared with conventional LIGB Ts,particle irradiation results show that trade-off relationship between turn- off time and forward voltage drop is improved.At the same time,the forward volta ge drop and turn-off time of such device are researched,when localized lifetime control region place near the p+-n junction,even in p+ anode.The results s how for the first time,helium ions,which stop in the p+ anode,also contribute to the forward voltage drop increasing and turn-off time reducing.
