Traditional medicine has garnered significant global recognition,with an estimated 80%of the global population using it.Therefore,it is essential to fully understand the integration of traditional medicines into curre...Traditional medicine has garnered significant global recognition,with an estimated 80%of the global population using it.Therefore,it is essential to fully understand the integration of traditional medicines into current healthcare systems.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the standard process to modernize traditional medicine scientifically in the context of modern biomedicine,further termed here as“scientization”.Specifically,we aim to summarize the advancements made in understanding the efficacy,effectiveness,and underlying mechanisms of herbal medicine.We also examined the transition from experience-to evidence-based medicine during acupuncture.Furthermore,we explore the development of universal safety and quality control standards.Finally,we discuss international trade and export markets for Chinese medical products.The development and integration of traditional medicine have allowed it to further improve human health,resulting in a more comprehensive health solution for the global population.展开更多
This paper discusses the engagement of modern Western medicine in the development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)during the 1950s,specifically in its efforts on and research in modernizing TCM.Through complementi...This paper discusses the engagement of modern Western medicine in the development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)during the 1950s,specifically in its efforts on and research in modernizing TCM.Through complementing the studies of the 1950s with data and cases that have not been well studied in the previous publications,the author argues that modern Western medicine played an active and instrumental role in modernizing and scientizing TCM in the 1950s.TCM obtained attention not as merely a national treasure but underwent fast development of modernization in the 1950s.In modernizing TCM,Western medicine was not a bystander but served as an active partner.The professionals of Western medicine made good use of their strength in scientific studies in the development of TCM.Though scientization is part of modernization,the paper points out the scientific research by providing cases in the TCM research boom and discusses the significance.The scientific research not only linked TCM with modern scientific concepts and research methodology,but also expanded the research scope of the Western medicine,leading to breakthroughs in TCM medicines in the 1960s–1970s and to building the landscape of medicine in China.展开更多
The creation of a national unified textbook on acupuncture was a critical effort by China to standardize traditional Chinese medicine.In the early People’s Republic of China,the development of acupuncture textbooks f...The creation of a national unified textbook on acupuncture was a critical effort by China to standardize traditional Chinese medicine.In the early People’s Republic of China,the development of acupuncture textbooks followed a complex trajectory.It began with Zhu Lian’s(朱琏)Xin Zhen Jiu Xue(《新针灸学》New Acupuncture and Moxibustion),extending the Yan’an(延安)tradition,and moved to Zhen Jiu Xue(《针灸学》Acupuncture and Moxibustion,1957),a localized effort from the Jiangsu Provincial Chinese Medicine School.This culminated in the national Zhen Jiu Xue Jiang Yi(《针灸学讲义》Lectures on Acupuncture and Moxibustion).This process reflects a shift from regional teaching to a standardized national model,as well as a pedagogical transformation from a scientific approach to a return to classical sources.The textbook centers on Bian Zheng Lun Zhi(辨证论治treatment based on pattern differentiation),blending systematic,scientific,and practical elements,and represents the era’s fusion of Chinese and Western medicine,helping to shape a modern acupuncture framework.展开更多
During the late Qing dynasty(1840 A.D.-1912 A.D.),a large quantity of Western medicines entered China,which continuously impacted the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)market and revealed the shortcomings of Chinese me...During the late Qing dynasty(1840 A.D.-1912 A.D.),a large quantity of Western medicines entered China,which continuously impacted the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)market and revealed the shortcomings of Chinese medicines.Some personages in the TCM community followed the trend of learning from the West,and attempted to reform TCM,with the improvement on decoction becoming an important aspect of this effort.Through debates and trials,the improvement on decoction underwent three stages of conceptual evolution:“taking Chinese medicines as the foundation and referring to the dosage forms of Western medicines”,“introducing Western techniques to serve the preparation of decoctions”and“integrating the theories of TCM and Western medicine to improve decoctions”.The study highlights the effective complementarity between modern TCM and Western medicine in the field of pharmacy,and provides valuable experience and support for the reevaluation of the value of TCM in contemporary society.展开更多
基金supported by the National Science Foundation of China(82204610)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Project of China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences(CI2021A04013)+1 种基金Qihang Talent Project of ICMM(L2022046)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Public Welfare Research Institutes(ZZ15-YQ-041,ZXKT21029).
文摘Traditional medicine has garnered significant global recognition,with an estimated 80%of the global population using it.Therefore,it is essential to fully understand the integration of traditional medicines into current healthcare systems.This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the standard process to modernize traditional medicine scientifically in the context of modern biomedicine,further termed here as“scientization”.Specifically,we aim to summarize the advancements made in understanding the efficacy,effectiveness,and underlying mechanisms of herbal medicine.We also examined the transition from experience-to evidence-based medicine during acupuncture.Furthermore,we explore the development of universal safety and quality control standards.Finally,we discuss international trade and export markets for Chinese medical products.The development and integration of traditional medicine have allowed it to further improve human health,resulting in a more comprehensive health solution for the global population.
文摘This paper discusses the engagement of modern Western medicine in the development of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)during the 1950s,specifically in its efforts on and research in modernizing TCM.Through complementing the studies of the 1950s with data and cases that have not been well studied in the previous publications,the author argues that modern Western medicine played an active and instrumental role in modernizing and scientizing TCM in the 1950s.TCM obtained attention not as merely a national treasure but underwent fast development of modernization in the 1950s.In modernizing TCM,Western medicine was not a bystander but served as an active partner.The professionals of Western medicine made good use of their strength in scientific studies in the development of TCM.Though scientization is part of modernization,the paper points out the scientific research by providing cases in the TCM research boom and discusses the significance.The scientific research not only linked TCM with modern scientific concepts and research methodology,but also expanded the research scope of the Western medicine,leading to breakthroughs in TCM medicines in the 1960s–1970s and to building the landscape of medicine in China.
基金financed by the grant from major bidding project of National Social Science Foundation of China Major Historical Issues Research Project of Chinese Academy of History in 2024(No.24VLS013).
文摘The creation of a national unified textbook on acupuncture was a critical effort by China to standardize traditional Chinese medicine.In the early People’s Republic of China,the development of acupuncture textbooks followed a complex trajectory.It began with Zhu Lian’s(朱琏)Xin Zhen Jiu Xue(《新针灸学》New Acupuncture and Moxibustion),extending the Yan’an(延安)tradition,and moved to Zhen Jiu Xue(《针灸学》Acupuncture and Moxibustion,1957),a localized effort from the Jiangsu Provincial Chinese Medicine School.This culminated in the national Zhen Jiu Xue Jiang Yi(《针灸学讲义》Lectures on Acupuncture and Moxibustion).This process reflects a shift from regional teaching to a standardized national model,as well as a pedagogical transformation from a scientific approach to a return to classical sources.The textbook centers on Bian Zheng Lun Zhi(辨证论治treatment based on pattern differentiation),blending systematic,scientific,and practical elements,and represents the era’s fusion of Chinese and Western medicine,helping to shape a modern acupuncture framework.
基金This research is financed by the grant from National Social Science Fund(No.18ZDA175).
文摘During the late Qing dynasty(1840 A.D.-1912 A.D.),a large quantity of Western medicines entered China,which continuously impacted the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)market and revealed the shortcomings of Chinese medicines.Some personages in the TCM community followed the trend of learning from the West,and attempted to reform TCM,with the improvement on decoction becoming an important aspect of this effort.Through debates and trials,the improvement on decoction underwent three stages of conceptual evolution:“taking Chinese medicines as the foundation and referring to the dosage forms of Western medicines”,“introducing Western techniques to serve the preparation of decoctions”and“integrating the theories of TCM and Western medicine to improve decoctions”.The study highlights the effective complementarity between modern TCM and Western medicine in the field of pharmacy,and provides valuable experience and support for the reevaluation of the value of TCM in contemporary society.
