Astronomy is an observation-driven science that utilizes telescopes to obtain information from the universe in order to study the most fundamental scientific questions in the universe.The aperture of the telescope det...Astronomy is an observation-driven science that utilizes telescopes to obtain information from the universe in order to study the most fundamental scientific questions in the universe.The aperture of the telescope determines the number of photons received per second and,therefore,the sensitivity and angular resolution ofthe telescope so people can see farther,and itis possible to see fainter objects in the deep universe with a larger-aperture telescope.At present,there are 19 optical astronomical telescopes in the world whose apertures are larger than 6 m,and 14 of them are in the 8-to 10-m class with a maximum aperture of about 10 m,including two Keck telescopes and the Hobby-Eberly Telescope in the United States,the Gran Telescopio Canarias in Europe,and Southern African Large Telescope in South Africa.Most of these telescopes are general-purpose optical telescopes.These telescopes are mainly owned by the United States,Europe,and Japan and are installed in America,Europe,and Africa,while Asia still does not have a single big telescope so far.展开更多
Neuroimmunology is an interdisciplinary branch of biomedical science that emerges from the intersection of studies on the nervous system and the immune system.The complex interplay between the two systems has long bee...Neuroimmunology is an interdisciplinary branch of biomedical science that emerges from the intersection of studies on the nervous system and the immune system.The complex interplay between the two systems has long been recognized.Research efforts directed at the underlying functional interface and associated pathophysiology,however,have garnered attention only in recent decades.In this narrative review,we highlight significant advances in research on neuroimmune interplay and modulation.A particular focus is on early-and middle-career neuroimmunologists in China and their achievements in frontier areas of"neuroimmune interface","neuro-endocrine-immune network and modulation","neuroimmune interactions in diseases","meningeal lymphatic and glymphatic systems in health and disease",and"tools and methodologies in neuroimmunology research".Key scientific questions and future directions for potential breakthroughs in neuroimmunology research are proposed.展开更多
文摘Astronomy is an observation-driven science that utilizes telescopes to obtain information from the universe in order to study the most fundamental scientific questions in the universe.The aperture of the telescope determines the number of photons received per second and,therefore,the sensitivity and angular resolution ofthe telescope so people can see farther,and itis possible to see fainter objects in the deep universe with a larger-aperture telescope.At present,there are 19 optical astronomical telescopes in the world whose apertures are larger than 6 m,and 14 of them are in the 8-to 10-m class with a maximum aperture of about 10 m,including two Keck telescopes and the Hobby-Eberly Telescope in the United States,the Gran Telescopio Canarias in Europe,and Southern African Large Telescope in South Africa.Most of these telescopes are general-purpose optical telescopes.These telescopes are mainly owned by the United States,Europe,and Japan and are installed in America,Europe,and Africa,while Asia still does not have a single big telescope so far.
文摘Neuroimmunology is an interdisciplinary branch of biomedical science that emerges from the intersection of studies on the nervous system and the immune system.The complex interplay between the two systems has long been recognized.Research efforts directed at the underlying functional interface and associated pathophysiology,however,have garnered attention only in recent decades.In this narrative review,we highlight significant advances in research on neuroimmune interplay and modulation.A particular focus is on early-and middle-career neuroimmunologists in China and their achievements in frontier areas of"neuroimmune interface","neuro-endocrine-immune network and modulation","neuroimmune interactions in diseases","meningeal lymphatic and glymphatic systems in health and disease",and"tools and methodologies in neuroimmunology research".Key scientific questions and future directions for potential breakthroughs in neuroimmunology research are proposed.
