Introduction:Measles is the third most common infectious disease,after Smallpox and Polio,and the global health community has committed to eliminating it.Recently,measles recurrence and outbreaks have occurred in seve...Introduction:Measles is the third most common infectious disease,after Smallpox and Polio,and the global health community has committed to eliminating it.Recently,measles recurrence and outbreaks have occurred in several countries,posing a significant challenge for China,which is on the brink of eliminating measles.This study aimed to analyze the genetic characteristics of the D8 genotype of the measles virus(MeV)in Gansu Province in 2024 and provide a scientific basis for measles control and elimination efforts.Methods:Nucleic acid-positive throat swab specimens were collected from measles cases confirmed in 14 municipal measles/rubella network laboratories in Gansu Province in 2024.MeV RNA was directly extracted using a viral nucleic acid extraction kit,and 634 nucleotides at the 3'-terminal of the nucleoprotein gene were amplified using one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The amplified products were subjected to nucleotide sequencing to characterize the MeV gene.Results:A total of 120 sequences of a 450-nucleotide region within the nucleoprotein gene(N-450)of MeV were obtained from the Measles and Rubella Network Laboratory of Gansu Province in 2024,of which 117 sequences were of the D8 genotype and 3 sequences were of the A genotype.The similarities in nucleotide and amino acid sequences between the D8 genotype sequences were 96.4%–99.1%and 96.7%–98.0%,respectively.The Gansu D8 sequences belonged to the same major branch as the D8 reference strain identified by the World Health Organization(WHO),which further divided into Cluster 1 and Cluster 2.By aligning oligonucleotide sequences using the real-time RT-PCR kit distributed by the Global Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network(GMRLN)with sequences of the D8 genotype from Gansu Province,this study discovered that every sequence in Cluster 1 occurred at the reverse primer annealing site,each containing three T-to-C transitions.Conclusions:The cases detected in Gansu in 2024 were likely imported or linked to importation.It is recommended to continue vaccination programs with measles-containing vaccines in key areas and to carry out highly sensitive etiological monitoring and detection to provide data support for subsequent measles elimination efforts.展开更多
Introduction:Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus,prevalent in northwestern China.It poses a serious threat to human health and causes significant economic losses i...Introduction:Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus,prevalent in northwestern China.It poses a serious threat to human health and causes significant economic losses in the livestock industry.This study aims to investigate the infection and development of Echinococcus in livestock in northwestern China,providing scientific basis for precise prevention and control of echinococcosis.Methods:This study utilized a combination of slaughterhouse and household investigations.Liver and lungs from slaughtered livestock in Sichuan Province,Qinghai Province,Xizang Autonomous Region,and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were examined through visual inspection and palpation,and Echinococcus cysts were collected.The cyst fertility was analyzed via microscopic examination.Metacestode DNA was extracted for PCR amplification of the mitochondrial Cox1 gene.Sequence alignment with the GenBank database was conducted to identify the genotypes of Echinococcus.Phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 7.0 software.Haplotypes were analyzed using DnaSP 6,and a haplotype network was constructed using PopART 1.7.Data analysis was performed using SAS 9.4,and P<0.05 indicates statistical significance.Results:Between October and December 2023,400 yaks and 808 sheep were surveyed in Qinghai,Xizang,and Xinjiang.The infection rate of Echinococcus in yaks was 16.5%,significantly higher than that in sheep(9.41%,χ^(2)=12.9802,P<0.001).The fertility rate of Echinococcus cysts in sheep was 71.79%,significantly higher than that in yaks(15.57%,χ^(2)=64.1670,P<0.0001).The cysts were mainly parasitizes in the liver of sheep(82.89%)and the lungs of yaks(63.89%).A total of 169 Cox1 sequences were successfully amplified,of which 98.82%(167/169)corresponded to E.granulosus sensu stricto(s.s.)G1/G3,while one sequence was identified as E.canadensis G6,and one from E.multilocularis.A total of 48 haplotypes were detected,with H3 being the predominant haplotype.Conclusions:In the four survey provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)of China,the infection rate in yaks(16.5%)was significantly higher than in sheep(9.41%).Echinococcus was found preferably infect sheep liver and yak lungs,with a higher cyst fertility rate in sheep compared to yaks.Livestock infections are mainly caused by E.granulosus G1/G3,and this study,for the first time,identified E.multilocularis infection in yaks from Xizang.The findings provide a crucial foundation for further research into the molecular epidemiology,genetic evolution,and the development of precise prevention and control strategies for Echinococcus in the regions.展开更多
文摘Introduction:Measles is the third most common infectious disease,after Smallpox and Polio,and the global health community has committed to eliminating it.Recently,measles recurrence and outbreaks have occurred in several countries,posing a significant challenge for China,which is on the brink of eliminating measles.This study aimed to analyze the genetic characteristics of the D8 genotype of the measles virus(MeV)in Gansu Province in 2024 and provide a scientific basis for measles control and elimination efforts.Methods:Nucleic acid-positive throat swab specimens were collected from measles cases confirmed in 14 municipal measles/rubella network laboratories in Gansu Province in 2024.MeV RNA was directly extracted using a viral nucleic acid extraction kit,and 634 nucleotides at the 3'-terminal of the nucleoprotein gene were amplified using one-step reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).The amplified products were subjected to nucleotide sequencing to characterize the MeV gene.Results:A total of 120 sequences of a 450-nucleotide region within the nucleoprotein gene(N-450)of MeV were obtained from the Measles and Rubella Network Laboratory of Gansu Province in 2024,of which 117 sequences were of the D8 genotype and 3 sequences were of the A genotype.The similarities in nucleotide and amino acid sequences between the D8 genotype sequences were 96.4%–99.1%and 96.7%–98.0%,respectively.The Gansu D8 sequences belonged to the same major branch as the D8 reference strain identified by the World Health Organization(WHO),which further divided into Cluster 1 and Cluster 2.By aligning oligonucleotide sequences using the real-time RT-PCR kit distributed by the Global Measles and Rubella Laboratory Network(GMRLN)with sequences of the D8 genotype from Gansu Province,this study discovered that every sequence in Cluster 1 occurred at the reverse primer annealing site,each containing three T-to-C transitions.Conclusions:The cases detected in Gansu in 2024 were likely imported or linked to importation.It is recommended to continue vaccination programs with measles-containing vaccines in key areas and to carry out highly sensitive etiological monitoring and detection to provide data support for subsequent measles elimination efforts.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2021YFC2300800,2021YFC2300803)State Key Laboratory for Reproductive Regulation and Breeding of Grassland Livestock(No.2021KF0301)+1 种基金NHC Key Laboratory of Echinococcosis Prevention and Control(No.2022WZK1006)The National Parasitic Resources Center,the Ministry of Science and Technology fund(NPRC-2019-194-30).
文摘Introduction:Echinococcosis is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the larval stage of Echinococcus,prevalent in northwestern China.It poses a serious threat to human health and causes significant economic losses in the livestock industry.This study aims to investigate the infection and development of Echinococcus in livestock in northwestern China,providing scientific basis for precise prevention and control of echinococcosis.Methods:This study utilized a combination of slaughterhouse and household investigations.Liver and lungs from slaughtered livestock in Sichuan Province,Qinghai Province,Xizang Autonomous Region,and Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region were examined through visual inspection and palpation,and Echinococcus cysts were collected.The cyst fertility was analyzed via microscopic examination.Metacestode DNA was extracted for PCR amplification of the mitochondrial Cox1 gene.Sequence alignment with the GenBank database was conducted to identify the genotypes of Echinococcus.Phylogenetic tree was constructed using MEGA 7.0 software.Haplotypes were analyzed using DnaSP 6,and a haplotype network was constructed using PopART 1.7.Data analysis was performed using SAS 9.4,and P<0.05 indicates statistical significance.Results:Between October and December 2023,400 yaks and 808 sheep were surveyed in Qinghai,Xizang,and Xinjiang.The infection rate of Echinococcus in yaks was 16.5%,significantly higher than that in sheep(9.41%,χ^(2)=12.9802,P<0.001).The fertility rate of Echinococcus cysts in sheep was 71.79%,significantly higher than that in yaks(15.57%,χ^(2)=64.1670,P<0.0001).The cysts were mainly parasitizes in the liver of sheep(82.89%)and the lungs of yaks(63.89%).A total of 169 Cox1 sequences were successfully amplified,of which 98.82%(167/169)corresponded to E.granulosus sensu stricto(s.s.)G1/G3,while one sequence was identified as E.canadensis G6,and one from E.multilocularis.A total of 48 haplotypes were detected,with H3 being the predominant haplotype.Conclusions:In the four survey provincial-level administrative divisions(PLADs)of China,the infection rate in yaks(16.5%)was significantly higher than in sheep(9.41%).Echinococcus was found preferably infect sheep liver and yak lungs,with a higher cyst fertility rate in sheep compared to yaks.Livestock infections are mainly caused by E.granulosus G1/G3,and this study,for the first time,identified E.multilocularis infection in yaks from Xizang.The findings provide a crucial foundation for further research into the molecular epidemiology,genetic evolution,and the development of precise prevention and control strategies for Echinococcus in the regions.
