Currently, the collaboration in scientific communities has been studied in order to explain, among other things, the knowledge diffusion. The quality of Graduate Programmes is often associated with the scientific coll...Currently, the collaboration in scientific communities has been studied in order to explain, among other things, the knowledge diffusion. The quality of Graduate Programmes is often associated with the scientific collaboration. This paper discusses how scientific collaboration processes can be identified and characterized through social and complex networks. For this purpose, collaboration networks of bibliographic production, research projects, and committees of PhD theses and Masters’ dissertations by researchers from a graduate program in computational modeling were studied. The data were obtained from CAPES’ reports of the period from 2001 to 2009. Among the studied indices, centrality indices indicate the presence of prominent researchers who influence others and promptly interact with other researchers in the network. The indices of complex networks reveal the presence of the small-world (i.e. these networks are favorable to increase coordination between researchers) phenomenon and indicate a behavior of scale-free degree distribution (i.e. some researchers promote clustering more than others) for one of the studied networks.展开更多
Based on the structure of citation network, the citation paths among papers, and the association strength such as coupling, co-citation and etc. between two papers are defined in this article. We give formulas to quan...Based on the structure of citation network, the citation paths among papers, and the association strength such as coupling, co-citation and etc. between two papers are defined in this article. We give formulas to quantify the association strength in order to establish citation network model based on the citation path structure. Then, the OPTICS algorithm is brought into the scientific communities found model since it can solve the parameter’s setting problem. This method combines various kinds of path structures together and thus it contains more complete citation network information. Experiments and analysis reveal the reliability and validity of this method.展开更多
Prof. Zhou Peiyuan (P.Y.Chou) was a celebrated scientist, educationalist and social activist well-known both at home and abroad. He was an outstanding leader in the Chinese science and technology community, a founder ...Prof. Zhou Peiyuan (P.Y.Chou) was a celebrated scientist, educationalist and social activist well-known both at home and abroad. He was an outstanding leader in the Chinese science and technology community, a founder of modern mechanics in China, a fighter dedicated to world peace and an international envoy of peace and goodwill sent by the Chinese people as well as a peopleto-people diplomat for the promotion ofinternational exchange and cooperation in science and technology.展开更多
In the world of science, recognition of scientific performance is strongly correlated with publication visibility and interest generated among other researchers, which is evident by downloads and citations. A publishe...In the world of science, recognition of scientific performance is strongly correlated with publication visibility and interest generated among other researchers, which is evident by downloads and citations. A published paper’s number of downloads and citations are the best indices of its importance and are useful measures of the researchers’ performance. However, the published paper should be valuated and indexed independently, and the prestige of the journal in which it is published should not influence the value of the paper itself. By participating in and presenting at congresses and international meetings, scientists strongly increase the visibility of their results and recognition of their research;this also promotes their publications. Status in Research Gate (RG), the so-called RG Score, the Percentile, and the h-index give researchers feedback about their performance, or their place and prestige within the scientific community. RG has become an excellent tool for disseminating scientific results and connecting researchers worldwide. RG also allows researchers to present achievements other than publications (e.g., membership in recognized associations such as the American Chemist Society, a biography in Marquis Who’s Who in the World, awards received, and/or ongoing projects). This paper discusses questions regarding how the RG Score, Percentile, and h-index are calculated, whether these methods are correct, and alternative criteria. RG also lists papers with falsified results and the journals that publish them. Thus, it may be appropriate to reduce the indices for such journals, authors, and the institutions with which these authors are affiliated.展开更多
Taking 887 relevant papers in the Web of Science database as the analysis object,and with the help of Citespace III software developed by Chen Chaomei s team,this study makes a visual mapping analysis of the brand com...Taking 887 relevant papers in the Web of Science database as the analysis object,and with the help of Citespace III software developed by Chen Chaomei s team,this study makes a visual mapping analysis of the brand community field from the perspective of research hotspots,cooperation between countries(regions)and institutions,and co-citation networks.The study has found that research hotspots in this field focus on brand community,community,consumer,internet,model,loyalty,word-of-mouth,impact and trust.The United States has absolute strength in leading the research frontier of this field,and the degree of cooperation within the country is higher than that of international cooperation.The core papers in this field were published in from authoritative journals in the field of management.Through the analysis of the core papers,readers can further understand the development context of the brand community field.展开更多
The rise of the“fishing reviewer”phenomenon presents a significant threat to the integrity of academic publishing,undermining the credibility of the peer review process and eroding trust in scientific journals.This ...The rise of the“fishing reviewer”phenomenon presents a significant threat to the integrity of academic publishing,undermining the credibility of the peer review process and eroding trust in scientific journals.This editorial explores the risk factors contributing to this troubling trend and identifies key indicators to recognize such reviewers.To address this issue,we propose strategies,including enhanced reviewer vetting,comprehensive training,and transparent recognition policies to foster a culture of accountability and ethical conduct in scholarly review.By implementing these measures,we can safeguard the quality and credibility of academic research.展开更多
To build a community of scientific innovation,serve the country’s goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality,promote application of scientific research outcomes in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA),...To build a community of scientific innovation,serve the country’s goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality,promote application of scientific research outcomes in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA),and accelerate the formation of new quality productive forces in the green energy industry,the Yangjiang Offshore Wind Power Laboratory and the GBA Institute of Industry and Talent(GBAIIT)recently signed a strategic cooperation agreement.展开更多
Although the interconnection between science and the humanities has a long history, ‘scientific culture' triggering widespread interest as a specific concept is a more recent phenomenon. Specifically, it can be t...Although the interconnection between science and the humanities has a long history, ‘scientific culture' triggering widespread interest as a specific concept is a more recent phenomenon. Specifically, it can be traced back to the famous lecture given by British physicist and novelist Charles Percy Snow at Cambridge University in 1959. Since then, the academic community has frequently discussed the issue of scientific culture according to the relationship between scientific culture and humanistic culture.展开更多
Cosmetics that are personal or personalized are now becoming extremely prevalent.While compliance is mandated by European Union(EU)Cosmetics Directive 1223/2009,there seem to be no strict guidelines for maintaining ob...Cosmetics that are personal or personalized are now becoming extremely prevalent.While compliance is mandated by European Union(EU)Cosmetics Directive 1223/2009,there seem to be no strict guidelines for maintaining obedience.Cosmetics must meet a number of conditions in order to be sold in the European Single Market;however,the focus of this article is on the Cosmetics Regulation 1223/2009.Regulations are examined for certain elements and several solutions are presented that allow for careful use of individually cloaked cosmetics that are available on the market.Metallic nanoparticles(NMs)have been proposed for usage as active ingredients/excipient in a number of cosmetics products.Due to fast-paced businesses in the cosmetic industry,cosmetology tends to focus on its distinctive characteristics to bring value to a diverse array of products,but due to the small size of nanometers,NMs may not always follow the very same handling guidelines as their conventional material.As a result,a nano-specific framework for regulating the use of nanomaterials&creation of nano-improved cosmetics is becoming increasingly prevalent.Scientific and industrial perspective into the NMs presently used for the m arketplace,with an emphasis on metallic NMs,and also an evaluation of the regulatory requirements and Scientific Commission on Consumer Safety(SCCS)Opinions.Considering the fact that the original Cosmetic products Directive(EU Legislation No 1223/2009)has precise restrictions on NMs,beauty materials containing unlawful NMs have already been supplied in the EU on numerous times.Researchers examine the risk evaluation indicated in Article 16 of the Cosmetology Code acts as a framework for the potential expansion to enhance nano-items,considering the long-term risks of nanomaterials if mistreated.The nation’s attention is on synchronizing efforts to integrate metallic NMs into cosmetic products but to the restricted fusion of metallic NMs with numerous non-metallic n anoparticles.Although Directive 76/768/EEC on the beauty items is an upright division of amendment that requires the European market for every cosmetic product placed to meet its exigencies would be irrational that it is for believings a stand-alone part of regulations is unaffected by other legal texts.In reality,D irective 76/768/EEC takes the form part of complicated legal action that began 40 years ago that ensure the free passage of goods throughout the EU while also European individuals’and their environment’s safety.The ongoing chapter outlines the most important aspects of the Directive Cosmetic Products along with the latest guidelines 2022 prepared by the COS law Team of what happened in the EU cosmetics regulatory framework between January and March,which serves as the book’s foundation.The trend of personal skincare seems to be high among clients.展开更多
Thomas S. Kuhn＇s theory of normal science （NS）, aside from being a provocative philosophical reconstruction of the relatively conservative phase of scientific research, contains useful ideas for systematic analysis...Thomas S. Kuhn＇s theory of normal science （NS）, aside from being a provocative philosophical reconstruction of the relatively conservative phase of scientific research, contains useful ideas for systematic analysis of specific episodes in the history of science. Therefore, although the theory has been looked at from different angles since the first edition of The Structure of Scientific Revolutions （TSSR） was published in 1962, its detailed exploration of the cumulative phase of research in mature science is of abiding relevance in the philosophy of science. This is because NS provides a compelling account of how and why members of scientific communities succeed, largely, to produce reliable knowledge about an incompletely known phenomenal world. Again, the theory elucidates special features of scientific research that differentiate it from other creative enterprises. In that regard, this paper reconstructs Arthur Compton＇s research into x-ray scattering as a good instantiation of NS. Discussion of Compton＇s convincing demonstration of the particulate properties of electromagnetic radiation within the framework of NS showcases the elucidatory power of Kuhn＇s theory with respect to selected episodes in science, and corroborates the notion that the bulk of scientific work is a conservative puzzle-solving activity with the potential for precipitating scientific revolutions. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first time that Compton＇s groundbreaking work on x-ray scattering has been analysed within the framework of Kuhn＇s philosophy of science.展开更多
Scientific and technological innovation(STI)imposes unique requirements on the culture of the society in which it occurs, and the scientific culture that nurtures innovation also provides internal drivers for the deve...Scientific and technological innovation(STI)imposes unique requirements on the culture of the society in which it occurs, and the scientific culture that nurtures innovation also provides internal drivers for the development of STI. As scientific culture gains importance in society, we need a vibrant scientific community and a society that embraces the spirit of science and supports and actively participates in STI in order to create a cultural foundation conductive to STI activities.展开更多
Scientific culture is usually perceived as the culture of the scientific community. It includes the specific rules, norms, spirit and values shared by the scientific community. However, from the perspective of cultura...Scientific culture is usually perceived as the culture of the scientific community. It includes the specific rules, norms, spirit and values shared by the scientific community. However, from the perspective of cultural functions, the influence of scientific culture is by no means limited to the scientific community;in fact, the specialization of science is not necessarily a barrier to culture, as scientific culture has long been rooted in and nourished by social culture and is also subject to the constraints of social culture.展开更多
Microbiome research has generated an extensive amount of data,resulting in a wealth of publicly accessible samples.Accurate annotation of these samples is crucial for effectively utilizing microbiome data across scien...Microbiome research has generated an extensive amount of data,resulting in a wealth of publicly accessible samples.Accurate annotation of these samples is crucial for effectively utilizing microbiome data across scientific disciplines.However,a notable challenge arises from the lack of essential annotations,particularly regarding collection location and sample biome information,which significantly hinders environmental microbiome research.In this study,we introduce Meta-Sorter,a novel approach utilizing neural networks and transfer learning,to enhance biome labeling for thousands of microbiome samples in the MGnify database that have incomplete information.Our findings demonstrate that Meta-Sorter achieved a remarkable accuracy rate of 96.7%in classifying samples among the 16,507 lacking detailed biome annotations.Notably,Meta-Sorter provides precise classifications for representative environmental samples that were previously ambiguously labeled as“Marine”in MGnify,thereby elucidating their specific origins in benthic and water column environments.Moreover,Meta-Sorter effectively distinguishes samples derived from human-environment interactions,enabling clear differentiation between environmental and human-related studies.By improving the completeness of biome label information for numerous microbial community samples,our research facilitates more accurate knowledge discovery across diverse disciplines,with particular implications for environmental research.展开更多
Catalysis,as such,is a subject of the wider scientific community,including chemical engineers.Coordination framework containing materials and metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have drawn the attention of the modern scient...Catalysis,as such,is a subject of the wider scientific community,including chemical engineers.Coordination framework containing materials and metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have drawn the attention of the modern scientific community because of their wider range of applications in interdisciplinary subject areas.Thus a collection of information on catalysis by metal organic framework containing materials would provide a critical view of possible catalytic approaches with MOFs to the wider scientific community,which can bring about novel thoughts and ideas for the development of unique MOF catalysts for chemical processes of industrial importance,as we know that an efficient catalyst can lower the temperature and/or pressure at which an important chemical transformation or process operates,by lowering the activation energy and thus saving fuel,which is the one of the major costs in large scale chemical processes.Even though thousands of coordination framework containing compounds have been reported to date in terms of their syntheses and characterizations,their catalytic applications are still limited.Therefore,a collection of information on catalysis by MOFs in the form of a review article would be an important contribution to the contemporary scientific community to bring about new strategies to develop innovative catalytic systems with such framework-containing materials.Finally,the presented article will appeal to a wider scientific community including the catalysis community,the inorganic chemistry community,the materials science community and the chemical engineering community.展开更多
If science is regarded not merely as a system of knowledge,but also as a social institution encompassing the scientific community,then,as a result of multiple factors operating over the long term,the formation of such...If science is regarded not merely as a system of knowledge,but also as a social institution encompassing the scientific community,then,as a result of multiple factors operating over the long term,the formation of such an institution constitutes what is known as the institutionalization trajectory of the Scientific Revolution.展开更多
MISSION AND SCOPE Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research(OLAR)is an Open Access Science Partner Journal published in affiliation with South¬ern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(SML)and distribu...MISSION AND SCOPE Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research(OLAR)is an Open Access Science Partner Journal published in affiliation with South¬ern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(SML)and distributed by the American Association for the Advancement of Science(A A AS).Aimed at serving the Earth system scientific community and promoting techno¬logical innovation,Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research(OLAR)is committed to publishing high-quality papers and strives to become a top-tier international journal with significant academic influence.展开更多
The peer-review process,which serves as the quality-control mechanism of scientific knowledge production,has been criticized for its bias,unreliability,and inefficiency.Academic conferences and journals typically rely...The peer-review process,which serves as the quality-control mechanism of scientific knowledge production,has been criticized for its bias,unreliability,and inefficiency.Academic conferences and journals typically rely on a centralized mechanism for reviewer assignment and paper assessment.We argue that this centralization is a major factor contributing to the unreliability of the review process,leading to deficiencies in the current knowledge-assessment systems.To address this,we propose a novel decentralized model that democratizes peer review by shifting decision-making rights from centralized authorities to all scholars participating in a scholarly community.Our model includes a dual-rewarding incentive mechanism that motivates scholars to actively participate in peer review by recognizing both their effort and scientific contributions.This model transforms peer review from passive judgment to active collaboration.We simulated the model in conference settings and demonstrated its potential to revolutionize knowledge production and dissemination.展开更多
Recently,we reported our results on“realization of 2D metals at the angstrom thickness limit”in Nature[1],and we are glad to see that this work has sparked significant interests and lively discussions within both th...Recently,we reported our results on“realization of 2D metals at the angstrom thickness limit”in Nature[1],and we are glad to see that this work has sparked significant interests and lively discussions within both the scientific community and the general public.展开更多
MISSION AND SCOPE Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research(OLAR)is an Open Access Science Partner Journal published in affiliation with Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(SML)and distributed by...MISSION AND SCOPE Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research(OLAR)is an Open Access Science Partner Journal published in affiliation with Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(SML)and distributed by the American Association for the Advancement of Science(AAAS).Aimed at serving the Earth system scientific community and promoting technological innovation,Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research(OLAR)is committed to publishing high-quality papers and strives to become a top-tier international journal with significant academic influence.展开更多
Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research(OLAR)is an Open Access Science Partner Journal published in affiliation with Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(SML)and distributed by the American Asso...Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research(OLAR)is an Open Access Science Partner Journal published in affiliation with Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(SML)and distributed by the American Association for the Advancement of Science(AAAS).Aimed at serving the Earth system scientific community and promoting technological innovation,Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research(OLAR)is committed to publishing high-quality papers and strives to become a top-tier international journal with significant academic influence.展开更多
基金financial support from CNPq(the Brazilian federal grant agency).
文摘Currently, the collaboration in scientific communities has been studied in order to explain, among other things, the knowledge diffusion. The quality of Graduate Programmes is often associated with the scientific collaboration. This paper discusses how scientific collaboration processes can be identified and characterized through social and complex networks. For this purpose, collaboration networks of bibliographic production, research projects, and committees of PhD theses and Masters’ dissertations by researchers from a graduate program in computational modeling were studied. The data were obtained from CAPES’ reports of the period from 2001 to 2009. Among the studied indices, centrality indices indicate the presence of prominent researchers who influence others and promptly interact with other researchers in the network. The indices of complex networks reveal the presence of the small-world (i.e. these networks are favorable to increase coordination between researchers) phenomenon and indicate a behavior of scale-free degree distribution (i.e. some researchers promote clustering more than others) for one of the studied networks.
文摘Based on the structure of citation network, the citation paths among papers, and the association strength such as coupling, co-citation and etc. between two papers are defined in this article. We give formulas to quantify the association strength in order to establish citation network model based on the citation path structure. Then, the OPTICS algorithm is brought into the scientific communities found model since it can solve the parameter’s setting problem. This method combines various kinds of path structures together and thus it contains more complete citation network information. Experiments and analysis reveal the reliability and validity of this method.
文摘Prof. Zhou Peiyuan (P.Y.Chou) was a celebrated scientist, educationalist and social activist well-known both at home and abroad. He was an outstanding leader in the Chinese science and technology community, a founder of modern mechanics in China, a fighter dedicated to world peace and an international envoy of peace and goodwill sent by the Chinese people as well as a peopleto-people diplomat for the promotion ofinternational exchange and cooperation in science and technology.
文摘In the world of science, recognition of scientific performance is strongly correlated with publication visibility and interest generated among other researchers, which is evident by downloads and citations. A published paper’s number of downloads and citations are the best indices of its importance and are useful measures of the researchers’ performance. However, the published paper should be valuated and indexed independently, and the prestige of the journal in which it is published should not influence the value of the paper itself. By participating in and presenting at congresses and international meetings, scientists strongly increase the visibility of their results and recognition of their research;this also promotes their publications. Status in Research Gate (RG), the so-called RG Score, the Percentile, and the h-index give researchers feedback about their performance, or their place and prestige within the scientific community. RG has become an excellent tool for disseminating scientific results and connecting researchers worldwide. RG also allows researchers to present achievements other than publications (e.g., membership in recognized associations such as the American Chemist Society, a biography in Marquis Who’s Who in the World, awards received, and/or ongoing projects). This paper discusses questions regarding how the RG Score, Percentile, and h-index are calculated, whether these methods are correct, and alternative criteria. RG also lists papers with falsified results and the journals that publish them. Thus, it may be appropriate to reduce the indices for such journals, authors, and the institutions with which these authors are affiliated.
文摘Taking 887 relevant papers in the Web of Science database as the analysis object,and with the help of Citespace III software developed by Chen Chaomei s team,this study makes a visual mapping analysis of the brand community field from the perspective of research hotspots,cooperation between countries(regions)and institutions,and co-citation networks.The study has found that research hotspots in this field focus on brand community,community,consumer,internet,model,loyalty,word-of-mouth,impact and trust.The United States has absolute strength in leading the research frontier of this field,and the degree of cooperation within the country is higher than that of international cooperation.The core papers in this field were published in from authoritative journals in the field of management.Through the analysis of the core papers,readers can further understand the development context of the brand community field.
文摘The rise of the“fishing reviewer”phenomenon presents a significant threat to the integrity of academic publishing,undermining the credibility of the peer review process and eroding trust in scientific journals.This editorial explores the risk factors contributing to this troubling trend and identifies key indicators to recognize such reviewers.To address this issue,we propose strategies,including enhanced reviewer vetting,comprehensive training,and transparent recognition policies to foster a culture of accountability and ethical conduct in scholarly review.By implementing these measures,we can safeguard the quality and credibility of academic research.
文摘To build a community of scientific innovation,serve the country’s goals of carbon peak and carbon neutrality,promote application of scientific research outcomes in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area(GBA),and accelerate the formation of new quality productive forces in the green energy industry,the Yangjiang Offshore Wind Power Laboratory and the GBA Institute of Industry and Talent(GBAIIT)recently signed a strategic cooperation agreement.
文摘Although the interconnection between science and the humanities has a long history, ‘scientific culture' triggering widespread interest as a specific concept is a more recent phenomenon. Specifically, it can be traced back to the famous lecture given by British physicist and novelist Charles Percy Snow at Cambridge University in 1959. Since then, the academic community has frequently discussed the issue of scientific culture according to the relationship between scientific culture and humanistic culture.
文摘Cosmetics that are personal or personalized are now becoming extremely prevalent.While compliance is mandated by European Union(EU)Cosmetics Directive 1223/2009,there seem to be no strict guidelines for maintaining obedience.Cosmetics must meet a number of conditions in order to be sold in the European Single Market;however,the focus of this article is on the Cosmetics Regulation 1223/2009.Regulations are examined for certain elements and several solutions are presented that allow for careful use of individually cloaked cosmetics that are available on the market.Metallic nanoparticles(NMs)have been proposed for usage as active ingredients/excipient in a number of cosmetics products.Due to fast-paced businesses in the cosmetic industry,cosmetology tends to focus on its distinctive characteristics to bring value to a diverse array of products,but due to the small size of nanometers,NMs may not always follow the very same handling guidelines as their conventional material.As a result,a nano-specific framework for regulating the use of nanomaterials&creation of nano-improved cosmetics is becoming increasingly prevalent.Scientific and industrial perspective into the NMs presently used for the m arketplace,with an emphasis on metallic NMs,and also an evaluation of the regulatory requirements and Scientific Commission on Consumer Safety(SCCS)Opinions.Considering the fact that the original Cosmetic products Directive(EU Legislation No 1223/2009)has precise restrictions on NMs,beauty materials containing unlawful NMs have already been supplied in the EU on numerous times.Researchers examine the risk evaluation indicated in Article 16 of the Cosmetology Code acts as a framework for the potential expansion to enhance nano-items,considering the long-term risks of nanomaterials if mistreated.The nation’s attention is on synchronizing efforts to integrate metallic NMs into cosmetic products but to the restricted fusion of metallic NMs with numerous non-metallic n anoparticles.Although Directive 76/768/EEC on the beauty items is an upright division of amendment that requires the European market for every cosmetic product placed to meet its exigencies would be irrational that it is for believings a stand-alone part of regulations is unaffected by other legal texts.In reality,D irective 76/768/EEC takes the form part of complicated legal action that began 40 years ago that ensure the free passage of goods throughout the EU while also European individuals’and their environment’s safety.The ongoing chapter outlines the most important aspects of the Directive Cosmetic Products along with the latest guidelines 2022 prepared by the COS law Team of what happened in the EU cosmetics regulatory framework between January and March,which serves as the book’s foundation.The trend of personal skincare seems to be high among clients.
文摘Thomas S. Kuhn＇s theory of normal science （NS）, aside from being a provocative philosophical reconstruction of the relatively conservative phase of scientific research, contains useful ideas for systematic analysis of specific episodes in the history of science. Therefore, although the theory has been looked at from different angles since the first edition of The Structure of Scientific Revolutions （TSSR） was published in 1962, its detailed exploration of the cumulative phase of research in mature science is of abiding relevance in the philosophy of science. This is because NS provides a compelling account of how and why members of scientific communities succeed, largely, to produce reliable knowledge about an incompletely known phenomenal world. Again, the theory elucidates special features of scientific research that differentiate it from other creative enterprises. In that regard, this paper reconstructs Arthur Compton＇s research into x-ray scattering as a good instantiation of NS. Discussion of Compton＇s convincing demonstration of the particulate properties of electromagnetic radiation within the framework of NS showcases the elucidatory power of Kuhn＇s theory with respect to selected episodes in science, and corroborates the notion that the bulk of scientific work is a conservative puzzle-solving activity with the potential for precipitating scientific revolutions. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first time that Compton＇s groundbreaking work on x-ray scattering has been analysed within the framework of Kuhn＇s philosophy of science.
文摘Scientific and technological innovation(STI)imposes unique requirements on the culture of the society in which it occurs, and the scientific culture that nurtures innovation also provides internal drivers for the development of STI. As scientific culture gains importance in society, we need a vibrant scientific community and a society that embraces the spirit of science and supports and actively participates in STI in order to create a cultural foundation conductive to STI activities.
文摘Scientific culture is usually perceived as the culture of the scientific community. It includes the specific rules, norms, spirit and values shared by the scientific community. However, from the perspective of cultural functions, the influence of scientific culture is by no means limited to the scientific community;in fact, the specialization of science is not necessarily a barrier to culture, as scientific culture has long been rooted in and nourished by social culture and is also subject to the constraints of social culture.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China grants 32071465,31871334,and 31671374,and the China Ministry of Science and Technology's National Key R&D Program grant(No.2018YFC0910502).
文摘Microbiome research has generated an extensive amount of data,resulting in a wealth of publicly accessible samples.Accurate annotation of these samples is crucial for effectively utilizing microbiome data across scientific disciplines.However,a notable challenge arises from the lack of essential annotations,particularly regarding collection location and sample biome information,which significantly hinders environmental microbiome research.In this study,we introduce Meta-Sorter,a novel approach utilizing neural networks and transfer learning,to enhance biome labeling for thousands of microbiome samples in the MGnify database that have incomplete information.Our findings demonstrate that Meta-Sorter achieved a remarkable accuracy rate of 96.7%in classifying samples among the 16,507 lacking detailed biome annotations.Notably,Meta-Sorter provides precise classifications for representative environmental samples that were previously ambiguously labeled as“Marine”in MGnify,thereby elucidating their specific origins in benthic and water column environments.Moreover,Meta-Sorter effectively distinguishes samples derived from human-environment interactions,enabling clear differentiation between environmental and human-related studies.By improving the completeness of biome label information for numerous microbial community samples,our research facilitates more accurate knowledge discovery across diverse disciplines,with particular implications for environmental research.
基金We thank SERB,DST,Government of India(Project No.SB/S1/IC-34/2013)for financial supportWe also acknowledge UPE(phase II),University of Hyderabad.G.K.thanks the University Grants Commission(UGC)for the award of the Dr D.S.Kothari postdoctoral fellowship(Higher)(Ref.No.F.4-2/2006(BSR)/CH/13-14/0192).
文摘Catalysis,as such,is a subject of the wider scientific community,including chemical engineers.Coordination framework containing materials and metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)have drawn the attention of the modern scientific community because of their wider range of applications in interdisciplinary subject areas.Thus a collection of information on catalysis by metal organic framework containing materials would provide a critical view of possible catalytic approaches with MOFs to the wider scientific community,which can bring about novel thoughts and ideas for the development of unique MOF catalysts for chemical processes of industrial importance,as we know that an efficient catalyst can lower the temperature and/or pressure at which an important chemical transformation or process operates,by lowering the activation energy and thus saving fuel,which is the one of the major costs in large scale chemical processes.Even though thousands of coordination framework containing compounds have been reported to date in terms of their syntheses and characterizations,their catalytic applications are still limited.Therefore,a collection of information on catalysis by MOFs in the form of a review article would be an important contribution to the contemporary scientific community to bring about new strategies to develop innovative catalytic systems with such framework-containing materials.Finally,the presented article will appeal to a wider scientific community including the catalysis community,the inorganic chemistry community,the materials science community and the chemical engineering community.
文摘If science is regarded not merely as a system of knowledge,but also as a social institution encompassing the scientific community,then,as a result of multiple factors operating over the long term,the formation of such an institution constitutes what is known as the institutionalization trajectory of the Scientific Revolution.
文摘MISSION AND SCOPE Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research(OLAR)is an Open Access Science Partner Journal published in affiliation with South¬ern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(SML)and distributed by the American Association for the Advancement of Science(A A AS).Aimed at serving the Earth system scientific community and promoting techno¬logical innovation,Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research(OLAR)is committed to publishing high-quality papers and strives to become a top-tier international journal with significant academic influence.
基金supported by the HNA Research Centre for Future Data Ecosystems at Imperial College London.
文摘The peer-review process,which serves as the quality-control mechanism of scientific knowledge production,has been criticized for its bias,unreliability,and inefficiency.Academic conferences and journals typically rely on a centralized mechanism for reviewer assignment and paper assessment.We argue that this centralization is a major factor contributing to the unreliability of the review process,leading to deficiencies in the current knowledge-assessment systems.To address this,we propose a novel decentralized model that democratizes peer review by shifting decision-making rights from centralized authorities to all scholars participating in a scholarly community.Our model includes a dual-rewarding incentive mechanism that motivates scholars to actively participate in peer review by recognizing both their effort and scientific contributions.This model transforms peer review from passive judgment to active collaboration.We simulated the model in conference settings and demonstrated its potential to revolutionize knowledge production and dissemination.
文摘Recently,we reported our results on“realization of 2D metals at the angstrom thickness limit”in Nature[1],and we are glad to see that this work has sparked significant interests and lively discussions within both the scientific community and the general public.
文摘MISSION AND SCOPE Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research(OLAR)is an Open Access Science Partner Journal published in affiliation with Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(SML)and distributed by the American Association for the Advancement of Science(AAAS).Aimed at serving the Earth system scientific community and promoting technological innovation,Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research(OLAR)is committed to publishing high-quality papers and strives to become a top-tier international journal with significant academic influence.
文摘Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research(OLAR)is an Open Access Science Partner Journal published in affiliation with Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Zhuhai)(SML)and distributed by the American Association for the Advancement of Science(AAAS).Aimed at serving the Earth system scientific community and promoting technological innovation,Ocean-Land-Atmosphere Research(OLAR)is committed to publishing high-quality papers and strives to become a top-tier international journal with significant academic influence.
