The key principle in the development of Codex standards is to ensure that the decision making process is based on sound science. The approval for the use of food additives and other chemicals in foods should be made ...The key principle in the development of Codex standards is to ensure that the decision making process is based on sound science. The approval for the use of food additives and other chemicals in foods should be made only when adequate scientific data is available. The same principle applies to the development of maximum tolerable (or residue) levels for contaminants in foods. Using the General Standards for Contaminants and Toxins in Foods as an example, the following criteria are considered, when developing recommendations and standards: Toxicological information; Analytical data; Intake data; Fair trade considerations; Technological considerations; and Risk assessment and risk management considerations. The Codex Alimentarius Commission has repeatedly emphasized the use of risk analysis approach, in particular the use of risk assessment in conducting the safety evaluation of food additives, agricultural and veterinary chemicals and environmental and industrial contaminants in foods. In this respect, the well known efforts of the FAO/WHO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and the FAO/WHO Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) provide the much needed information and recommendations for the risk assessment of specific chemicals. The risk assessment approach is also used in the safety evaluation of foods derived from modern biotechnology as well as in the quantitative assessment of microbiological risks in foods.展开更多
The urgent need to mitigate global climate change and transition toward sustainable energy systems has brought carbon dioxide(CO_(2))reduction technologies into the global spotlight.Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction rea...The urgent need to mitigate global climate change and transition toward sustainable energy systems has brought carbon dioxide(CO_(2))reduction technologies into the global spotlight.Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)stands out as a promising pathway to convert CO_(2),the most abundant greenhouse gas,into value-added fuels and chemicals,offering both environmental and economic benefits.At the same time,advances in material science,in-situ characterization,system-level design,and light-driven catalysis have opened new avenues for more efficient and sustainable CO_(2)utilization.Fundamental research on energy materials and engineering validation are also playing a crucial role in driving these technologies toward industrialization,with numerous encouraging advances being reported.展开更多
文摘The key principle in the development of Codex standards is to ensure that the decision making process is based on sound science. The approval for the use of food additives and other chemicals in foods should be made only when adequate scientific data is available. The same principle applies to the development of maximum tolerable (or residue) levels for contaminants in foods. Using the General Standards for Contaminants and Toxins in Foods as an example, the following criteria are considered, when developing recommendations and standards: Toxicological information; Analytical data; Intake data; Fair trade considerations; Technological considerations; and Risk assessment and risk management considerations. The Codex Alimentarius Commission has repeatedly emphasized the use of risk analysis approach, in particular the use of risk assessment in conducting the safety evaluation of food additives, agricultural and veterinary chemicals and environmental and industrial contaminants in foods. In this respect, the well known efforts of the FAO/WHO Joint Expert Committee on Food Additives (JECFA) and the FAO/WHO Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues (JMPR) provide the much needed information and recommendations for the risk assessment of specific chemicals. The risk assessment approach is also used in the safety evaluation of foods derived from modern biotechnology as well as in the quantitative assessment of microbiological risks in foods.
文摘The urgent need to mitigate global climate change and transition toward sustainable energy systems has brought carbon dioxide(CO_(2))reduction technologies into the global spotlight.Electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)stands out as a promising pathway to convert CO_(2),the most abundant greenhouse gas,into value-added fuels and chemicals,offering both environmental and economic benefits.At the same time,advances in material science,in-situ characterization,system-level design,and light-driven catalysis have opened new avenues for more efficient and sustainable CO_(2)utilization.Fundamental research on energy materials and engineering validation are also playing a crucial role in driving these technologies toward industrialization,with numerous encouraging advances being reported.
