With the vigorous development of Sino-foreign cooperative education,English teaching for specialized courses has become a crucial link in cultivating internationalized professionals.This paper takes the Optoelectronic...With the vigorous development of Sino-foreign cooperative education,English teaching for specialized courses has become a crucial link in cultivating internationalized professionals.This paper takes the Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering(Sino-German Cooperation)major of the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology as the research object,and deeply analyzes the dilemmas faced by English teaching in this major,such as significant differences in students’English foundations,poor adaptability of teaching resources,and insufficient cultivation of cross-cultural communication skills.Based on this,a series of teaching reform strategies are proposed,covering aspects,such as optimizing teaching objectives,innovating curriculum settings,changing teaching methods,strengthening the construction of the teaching staff,and improving the teaching evaluation system.Specific teaching reform cases are also incorporated,aiming to improve the quality of English teaching for specialized courses and cultivate internationalized talents with solid professional knowledge and excellent English capabilities.展开更多
A prominent issue in current postgraduate education is the lack of essential differentiation between the training of professional degree postgraduates and academic degree postgraduates,which has led to a disconnection...A prominent issue in current postgraduate education is the lack of essential differentiation between the training of professional degree postgraduates and academic degree postgraduates,which has led to a disconnection between professional postgraduate training and industry demands.To address this issue,this paper takes the Master’s program in Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences at Guangdong Pharmaceutical University as a case study.Targeting the urgent needs of the high-quality development of the biopharmaceutical industry,and aiming to strengthen students’professional competence and sustainable development capabilities while focusing on improving their practical and innovative abilities,this study explores implementation paths for integrating industry,education,and research with a dual-tutor collaborative training model.These include the development of a dual-tutor team,curriculum system optimization,the improvement of a quality assurance system,and the construction of practical training platforms.The paper demonstrates the outcomes of this model and proposes strategies for promotion and future outlooks,offering new ideas for training high-quality talent in the biological and pharmaceutical fields.展开更多
Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food mater...Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.展开更多
As part of my master’s programme in resource use and environmental science at China Agricultural University,I had the privilege of joining a study trip to the Shiyang River Basin and its surrounding areas from 17 to ...As part of my master’s programme in resource use and environmental science at China Agricultural University,I had the privilege of joining a study trip to the Shiyang River Basin and its surrounding areas from 17 to 21 July 2025.This trip to Gansu Province was organised under the China-Africa Joint Centre for Agricultural Demonstration and Training in Arid Regions programme,an initiative aligned with President Xi Jinping’s call for deeper China-Africa cooperation.展开更多
Background:With the rapid development of modern emerging technologies,the ethical dilemmas and social controversies triggered by scientific and technological activities have become increasingly prominent.How to guide ...Background:With the rapid development of modern emerging technologies,the ethical dilemmas and social controversies triggered by scientific and technological activities have become increasingly prominent.How to guide technology for good and prevent and control technological risks has become an important issue of global concern.Research on science and technology ethics is dedicated to integrating ethical theories into governance practices and constructing ethical models that adapt to the development of the times.Methods:This article systematically reviews the six core approaches of scientific and technological ethics thought,including technological autonomy and political philosophy criticism,responsibility ethics and intergenerational obligations,technological intermediation and the integration of life and the world,ethical principles and normative frameworks,participatory governance and ethical practice innovation,as well as domain-specific ethical norms,thereby constructing an ethical analysis framework applicable to medical technology risks.And cross-analysis was conducted by taking medical events such as gene editing and xenotransplantation as examples.Results:Research shows that a single ethical approach has limitations in addressing complex medical ethical challenges,while the six approaches are complementary and synergistic.By criticizing technological autonomy,establishing a responsibility ethics orientation,setting the bottom line of ethical principles,promoting participatory governance,formulating domain norms,and continuously reflecting on the intermediary nature of technology,a multi-level and dynamically adaptive governance system for scientific and technological ethics can be constructed.Conclusion:The key to addressing contemporary medical ethics challenges lies in the comprehensive application of science and technology ethics theories and the integration of ethical considerations throughout the entire process of scientific and technological research and development.In the future,a governance framework that adapts to the development of new technologies should be established to promote cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary ethical dialogue and public participation,ensuring that scientific and technological innovation always serves the dignity of human life and overall well-being.展开更多
目的分析2008—2024年老年性肌少症与线粒体相关性研究的现状、热点及发展趋势,为该领域的后续研究提供参考。方法检索2008年1月1日至2024年12月31日Web of Science核心合集数据库收录的老年性肌少症与线粒体相关性研究的文献,使用R 4....目的分析2008—2024年老年性肌少症与线粒体相关性研究的现状、热点及发展趋势,为该领域的后续研究提供参考。方法检索2008年1月1日至2024年12月31日Web of Science核心合集数据库收录的老年性肌少症与线粒体相关性研究的文献,使用R 4.2.0软件的Bibliometrix包对发文国家、合作网络、作者、机构、期刊、高被引文献、关键词和文献被引频次进行定量和可视化分析,并运用H指数分析作者的学术影响力。结果共纳入1219篇文献,2008—2024年发文量总体呈上升趋势。累计发文量排名前三位的国家分别是美国、中国和意大利;发文量排名前三位的期刊分别为Journal of Cachexia,Sarcopenia and Muscle、International Journal of Molecular Sciences和Experimental Gerontology;H指数排名前六位的作者分别为Marzettie E、Calvani R、Picca A、Van Remmen H、Leeuwenbugh C和Bernabel R;被引频次最高的文献是“Sarcopenia:agingrelated loss of muscle mass and function”;出现频次排名前五的关键词分别为skeletalmuscle、sarcopenia、oxidative stress、exercise和expression。结论老年性肌少症与线粒体相关性研究领域呈现良好的发展态势。未来需加强跨国家、跨机构和跨学科合作,可重点关注线粒体融合蛋白等对线粒体功能的影响,以及饮食和运动对老年性肌少症的干预作用等方面的探索。展开更多
立足科技情报知识服务视角,梳理AI for Science (AI4S)推动的“平台科研”范式内涵与框架。根据库恩范式理论论述了AI4S推动科研范式革新的必然性,采用培根归纳法总结的科学研究流程作为框架线索,阐明创新知识服务与“平台科研”范式的...立足科技情报知识服务视角,梳理AI for Science (AI4S)推动的“平台科研”范式内涵与框架。根据库恩范式理论论述了AI4S推动科研范式革新的必然性,采用培根归纳法总结的科学研究流程作为框架线索,阐明创新知识服务与“平台科研”范式的互促共进关系并作为理论指导。创新知识服务视角下的“平台科研”范式以服务科研创新活动为宗旨,主要内容包括知识表示视角下的科学数据管理、知识融合视角下的通用知识库构建、知识推理视角下的科学假设预测、知识发现视角下的科学实验执行和知识应用视角下的工业赋能。本文提出了一种创新知识服务视角下的“平台科研”范式框架,旨在从创新知识服务角度理解“平台科研”范式,厘清各主要环节创新知识服务的核心研究内容,以期成为科技情报研究领域的新兴知识生长点,为我国抢抓AI4S科研范式革新机遇提供参考思路。展开更多
说起新闻学,在信息化高度发达的今天,为了获得受众关注,其用一些夸张或是带有感情色彩的词汇本无可厚非,新闻稿件作者本人的情感体现其中也属正常。国人,特别是科研人员对于《Science》、《Nature》等顶级期刊学术影响力的认可,使得我...说起新闻学,在信息化高度发达的今天,为了获得受众关注,其用一些夸张或是带有感情色彩的词汇本无可厚非,新闻稿件作者本人的情感体现其中也属正常。国人,特别是科研人员对于《Science》、《Nature》等顶级期刊学术影响力的认可,使得我们对《Science》在线新闻提供的信息格外关注。2025年11月21日《Science》以在线新闻的形式提供了这样一个报道“Exclusive:CDC to end all monkey research”,副标题为“Studies related to HIV and other infectious diseases will be phased out,sources say;fate of the agency’s animals remains unclear”,作者是《Science》杂志的在线新闻编辑大卫·格里姆[1]。展开更多
目的对近年来中性粒细胞缺乏伴发热(FN)抗菌治疗相关文献进行计量与可视化分析,探讨该领域研究趋势与热点。方法检索Web of Science数据库,分析文献发表趋势、国家/地区、研究机构、期刊分布、作者影响力及关键词共现情况。利用VOSviewe...目的对近年来中性粒细胞缺乏伴发热(FN)抗菌治疗相关文献进行计量与可视化分析,探讨该领域研究趋势与热点。方法检索Web of Science数据库,分析文献发表趋势、国家/地区、研究机构、期刊分布、作者影响力及关键词共现情况。利用VOSviewer、Citespace和Scimago Graphica软件进行图谱分析,呈现FN抗菌治疗的研究热点与发展趋势。结果共纳入536篇文献,2014-2019年的年均发文量约为43篇,2020-2024年的年均发文量约为54篇,呈上升趋势。发文量最多的国家是美国(134篇,占25.00%);发文量最多的机构是墨尔本大学(18篇);发文量最多的作者是GUDIOL C(9篇)。关键词聚类分析显示,研究热点主要集中于“中性粒细胞缺乏伴发热”“抗菌药物管理”“免疫功能受损宿主”“风险评估”“成本效益分析”“经验性治疗”“金黄色葡萄球菌”方面。结论抗菌药物治疗FN相关研究的发文量近年来呈上升趋势,抗菌药物管理、免疫功能受损宿主治疗、耐药性控制及个性化治疗可能成为未来主要研究方向。展开更多
AI for Science的高质量发展对于加快实现高水平科技自立自强、建设世界科技强国具有重要意义。从AI、Science、for三个核心概念出发,探讨如何理解和发展AI for Science。在人机协作形态的历史演进中理解AI,即在感知性协作、肢体性协作...AI for Science的高质量发展对于加快实现高水平科技自立自强、建设世界科技强国具有重要意义。从AI、Science、for三个核心概念出发,探讨如何理解和发展AI for Science。在人机协作形态的历史演进中理解AI,即在感知性协作、肢体性协作、计算性协作到认知性协作的脉络中考察AI在科学研究中的角色。AI不再只是从外部为科研赋能,而是逐步介入科学家的思维过程,在认知层面与科学家建立深度协作。从全过程科研视角分析Science,AI不仅赋能科学知识生产,也推动科技传播的民主化与精准化,助力科研管理与评价的智能化。从技术—社会系统的视角来看,为了更好地释放AI for Science的潜力,应着眼于面向AI for Science的科研生态系统整体建设。未来应从人才培养、科研组织、数据资源、伦理治理等行动领域出发,提升科研人员的AI for Science胜任力、推动跨领域合作、促进高质量数据流通与共享以及加强科技伦理治理。展开更多
In geological history, one major life explosion and five mass extinction events occurred. These major biological and environmental events affected the evolution of the Earth ecosystem and controlled the formation of o...In geological history, one major life explosion and five mass extinction events occurred. These major biological and environmental events affected the evolution of the Earth ecosystem and controlled the formation of organic-rich strata. The life explosion occurred in Cambrian and the five mass extinction events happened at the end of Ordovician, Late Devonian, end of Permian, end of Triassic, and end of Cretaceous, respectively. They are corresponded to the formation of multiple suites of organic-rich strata globally, which are crucial to the formation, evolution and distribution of the fossil energy on Earth. China’s energy is characterized by "unlimited new energy, rich in coal but insufficient in oil and gas ", and it is determined to rely on new energy sources to achieve " energy independence " and carbon neutrality. From the perspective of the Earth system evolution, we investigate the multiple relationships between energy and Earth, energy and environment, as well as energy and human beings, and carry out comprehensive research on energy. Energy science refers to the science of studying the various energy sources formation and distribution, evaluation and selection, production and utilization, orderly replacement, development prospects, etc. in temporal and spatial scales based on the evolution of the Earth system. The connotation of energy science includes three core contents:(1) The relationship between the Earth and energy, including the formation of energy in the Earth system and the feedback of energy consumption to the Earth’s climate and environment;(2) The relationship between the Earth environment and the human beings, including the Earth environment breeding human beings and human activities transforming the earth environment;(3) The relationship between the energy and the human beings, including the development of energy technology by human beings and the progress of human society driven by energy utilization. The energy science focuses on the formation and development of fossil energy, development and orderly replacement of new energy, exploration and utilization of energy in deep earth and deep space, and energy development strategy and planning. The proposal of energy science is of great significance for improving the discipline system, promoting energy development, clarifying the development direction of energy transition, driving the carbon neutral geology research and constructing a habitable Earth.展开更多
当前,人工智能正推动科学发现从传统的经验试错阶段迈向智能化、自动化的新阶段,引发了一场深刻的范式革命。本文提出,科学智能(AI for Science)不仅是技术工具的升级,更是一场重塑知识生产方式的智能化革命,标志着第五科研范式的全面...当前,人工智能正推动科学发现从传统的经验试错阶段迈向智能化、自动化的新阶段,引发了一场深刻的范式革命。本文提出,科学智能(AI for Science)不仅是技术工具的升级,更是一场重塑知识生产方式的智能化革命,标志着第五科研范式的全面兴起。科学智能通过自主假说生成、闭环实验验证与端到端建模,显著提升了传统科研在知识整合、数据处理、理论拓展和实验验证等方面的效率,实现了科研效率的指数级跃升。尤为关键的是,科学智能的“规模法则”与“飞轮效应”正推动科研从分散化的“小作坊”模式向平台化、协同化和工业化模式转变。这一变革为破解中国在“卡脖子”领域长期受制于人的问题提供了全新路径,也为中国发挥全产业链优势、实现科技—产业高效转化带来历史性机遇。本文强调,中国必须超越支持单个项目的传统思维,加快构建以数据为基础、算力为支撑、模型为核心、应用为牵引的国家战略科技力量体系。本文建议设立跨部门协同机制,推动形成开放共享的智能科研生态,将“人工智能+”行动深度融入基础研究与产业创新全链条,抢占全球科技竞争制高点,为发展新质生产力提供核心引擎。展开更多
面对复杂而又充斥着不确定性的科学研究活动,生成式人工智能工具的广泛应用正引领一种新的科学研究范式——“人工智能驱动的科学研究(AI for Science)范式”。研究发现,已有关于AI for Science的研究大多依据吉姆·格雷(Jim Gray)...面对复杂而又充斥着不确定性的科学研究活动,生成式人工智能工具的广泛应用正引领一种新的科学研究范式——“人工智能驱动的科学研究(AI for Science)范式”。研究发现,已有关于AI for Science的研究大多依据吉姆·格雷(Jim Gray)的划分方式展开探讨,忽视了科学研究范式划分的不同历史传统。其中,关于科学研究范式的历史形态是多种多样的,不同的学科定位、视域和关注点会形成不同的划分结果。格雷的划分方式侧重于科学研究手段或方法的变化,而科学研究活动主要由科研主体、方法和对象组成。与传统的科学研究活动相比,人工智能驱动的科学研究活动在科研主体上存在着较大的差异,这是与以往科学研究范式相比具有显著区别的变革,当然也有科学研究对象等其他因素的变化。追问AI for Science引发的科学研究范式革命,对于考察科学研究范式的划分问题提供了新视角。展开更多
产气荚膜梭菌是革兰氏阳性杆菌,通过释放多种毒素和酶引发畜禽严重疾病,降低畜牧业生产。文献分析可把握学科发展方向,明确当前研究现状和发展趋势。然而,缺乏对产气荚膜梭菌文献的系统梳理,基于此,研究旨在利用Web of science核心数据...产气荚膜梭菌是革兰氏阳性杆菌,通过释放多种毒素和酶引发畜禽严重疾病,降低畜牧业生产。文献分析可把握学科发展方向,明确当前研究现状和发展趋势。然而,缺乏对产气荚膜梭菌文献的系统梳理,基于此,研究旨在利用Web of science核心数据库,以产气荚膜梭菌为关键词归纳,总结文献。结果表明:(1)1980-2022年,发表产气荚膜梭菌相关文献共计9093篇,其中“Foodborne Illness Acquired in the United States-Major Pathogens”,被引频次最多(1401次);(2)发文量较多的国家依次为美国(2688)>日本(850)>德国(644)>英国(561)>加拿大(501)>中国(500);(3)产气荚膜梭菌的关键词最大权重为toxin(1980-2022年),且以微生物,农业,食品科学技术,兽医学以及生物工程与应用生物学等学科交叉。产气荚膜梭菌的有效遏制是核心,快速根除是关键,该文分析产气荚膜梭菌的研究趋势,提出噬菌体治疗、疫苗免疫等今后研究新思路,为保障畜牧业生产提供理论支撑。展开更多
Major science and technology project generally got high social expectations as a result of harge investment.To ensure that the science and technology teams follow the norms of S&T research and make full use of the...Major science and technology project generally got high social expectations as a result of harge investment.To ensure that the science and technology teams follow the norms of S&T research and make full use of the investment,the effective norms maintenance mechanism must be established which includes punishment for violators and burnout of teams of supervisors,namely setting up the meta-norm execution mechanism.It is very important to establish the effective major science and technology project evaluation system to reduce the norm and metanorm execution cost.In this paper,the principles,methods and implementation system guarantee of evaluation system building are studied as well.展开更多
The major research program,"Catalysis science for carbon-based energy conversion",from the national science foundation of China(NSFC)answers to the main strategic needs of China for the efficien use of carbo...The major research program,"Catalysis science for carbon-based energy conversion",from the national science foundation of China(NSFC)answers to the main strategic needs of China for the efficien use of carbon-based energy and targets to address the key scientifi issues involved in the catalytic interfaces.The research program aims to improve the catalytic activation of C–H and C–O bonds and the C–C coupling process,展开更多
文摘With the vigorous development of Sino-foreign cooperative education,English teaching for specialized courses has become a crucial link in cultivating internationalized professionals.This paper takes the Optoelectronic Information Science and Engineering(Sino-German Cooperation)major of the University of Shanghai for Science and Technology as the research object,and deeply analyzes the dilemmas faced by English teaching in this major,such as significant differences in students’English foundations,poor adaptability of teaching resources,and insufficient cultivation of cross-cultural communication skills.Based on this,a series of teaching reform strategies are proposed,covering aspects,such as optimizing teaching objectives,innovating curriculum settings,changing teaching methods,strengthening the construction of the teaching staff,and improving the teaching evaluation system.Specific teaching reform cases are also incorporated,aiming to improve the quality of English teaching for specialized courses and cultivate internationalized talents with solid professional knowledge and excellent English capabilities.
基金Undergraduate Teaching Quality and Teaching Reform Project,Guangdong Province(Project No.:Yue Jiao Gao Han[2024]No.9)Graduate Education Innovation Plan Project,Guangdong Province(Project No.:Yue Jiao Tong Han[2024]No.1)+2 种基金First-Class Undergraduate Course Construction Project,Guangdong Province(Project No.:Yue Jiao Gao Han[2022]No.10)Undergraduate Curriculum Ideological and Political Reform Demonstration Project,Guangdong Province(Project No.:Yue Jiao Gao Han[2021]No.22)Higher Education Research Project,Guangdong Pharmaceutical University(Project No.:GGP202402).
文摘A prominent issue in current postgraduate education is the lack of essential differentiation between the training of professional degree postgraduates and academic degree postgraduates,which has led to a disconnection between professional postgraduate training and industry demands.To address this issue,this paper takes the Master’s program in Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences at Guangdong Pharmaceutical University as a case study.Targeting the urgent needs of the high-quality development of the biopharmaceutical industry,and aiming to strengthen students’professional competence and sustainable development capabilities while focusing on improving their practical and innovative abilities,this study explores implementation paths for integrating industry,education,and research with a dual-tutor collaborative training model.These include the development of a dual-tutor team,curriculum system optimization,the improvement of a quality assurance system,and the construction of practical training platforms.The paper demonstrates the outcomes of this model and proposes strategies for promotion and future outlooks,offering new ideas for training high-quality talent in the biological and pharmaceutical fields.
文摘Food Science of Animal Products(ISSN:2958-4124,e-ISSN:2958-3780)is a peer-reviewed,open access international journal that publishes the latest research findings in the field of animal-origin foods,involving food materials such as meat,aquatic products,milk,eggs,animal offals and edible insects.
文摘As part of my master’s programme in resource use and environmental science at China Agricultural University,I had the privilege of joining a study trip to the Shiyang River Basin and its surrounding areas from 17 to 21 July 2025.This trip to Gansu Province was organised under the China-Africa Joint Centre for Agricultural Demonstration and Training in Arid Regions programme,an initiative aligned with President Xi Jinping’s call for deeper China-Africa cooperation.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2024YFA0917200)the Projects of the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention(Grant No.BB2110240093)World Medical History under the Education Innovation Plan of the University of Science and Technology of China(Grant No.2024YCHX07).
文摘Background:With the rapid development of modern emerging technologies,the ethical dilemmas and social controversies triggered by scientific and technological activities have become increasingly prominent.How to guide technology for good and prevent and control technological risks has become an important issue of global concern.Research on science and technology ethics is dedicated to integrating ethical theories into governance practices and constructing ethical models that adapt to the development of the times.Methods:This article systematically reviews the six core approaches of scientific and technological ethics thought,including technological autonomy and political philosophy criticism,responsibility ethics and intergenerational obligations,technological intermediation and the integration of life and the world,ethical principles and normative frameworks,participatory governance and ethical practice innovation,as well as domain-specific ethical norms,thereby constructing an ethical analysis framework applicable to medical technology risks.And cross-analysis was conducted by taking medical events such as gene editing and xenotransplantation as examples.Results:Research shows that a single ethical approach has limitations in addressing complex medical ethical challenges,while the six approaches are complementary and synergistic.By criticizing technological autonomy,establishing a responsibility ethics orientation,setting the bottom line of ethical principles,promoting participatory governance,formulating domain norms,and continuously reflecting on the intermediary nature of technology,a multi-level and dynamically adaptive governance system for scientific and technological ethics can be constructed.Conclusion:The key to addressing contemporary medical ethics challenges lies in the comprehensive application of science and technology ethics theories and the integration of ethical considerations throughout the entire process of scientific and technological research and development.In the future,a governance framework that adapts to the development of new technologies should be established to promote cross-cultural and cross-disciplinary ethical dialogue and public participation,ensuring that scientific and technological innovation always serves the dignity of human life and overall well-being.
文摘目的分析2008—2024年老年性肌少症与线粒体相关性研究的现状、热点及发展趋势,为该领域的后续研究提供参考。方法检索2008年1月1日至2024年12月31日Web of Science核心合集数据库收录的老年性肌少症与线粒体相关性研究的文献,使用R 4.2.0软件的Bibliometrix包对发文国家、合作网络、作者、机构、期刊、高被引文献、关键词和文献被引频次进行定量和可视化分析,并运用H指数分析作者的学术影响力。结果共纳入1219篇文献,2008—2024年发文量总体呈上升趋势。累计发文量排名前三位的国家分别是美国、中国和意大利;发文量排名前三位的期刊分别为Journal of Cachexia,Sarcopenia and Muscle、International Journal of Molecular Sciences和Experimental Gerontology;H指数排名前六位的作者分别为Marzettie E、Calvani R、Picca A、Van Remmen H、Leeuwenbugh C和Bernabel R;被引频次最高的文献是“Sarcopenia:agingrelated loss of muscle mass and function”;出现频次排名前五的关键词分别为skeletalmuscle、sarcopenia、oxidative stress、exercise和expression。结论老年性肌少症与线粒体相关性研究领域呈现良好的发展态势。未来需加强跨国家、跨机构和跨学科合作,可重点关注线粒体融合蛋白等对线粒体功能的影响,以及饮食和运动对老年性肌少症的干预作用等方面的探索。
文摘立足科技情报知识服务视角,梳理AI for Science (AI4S)推动的“平台科研”范式内涵与框架。根据库恩范式理论论述了AI4S推动科研范式革新的必然性,采用培根归纳法总结的科学研究流程作为框架线索,阐明创新知识服务与“平台科研”范式的互促共进关系并作为理论指导。创新知识服务视角下的“平台科研”范式以服务科研创新活动为宗旨,主要内容包括知识表示视角下的科学数据管理、知识融合视角下的通用知识库构建、知识推理视角下的科学假设预测、知识发现视角下的科学实验执行和知识应用视角下的工业赋能。本文提出了一种创新知识服务视角下的“平台科研”范式框架,旨在从创新知识服务角度理解“平台科研”范式,厘清各主要环节创新知识服务的核心研究内容,以期成为科技情报研究领域的新兴知识生长点,为我国抢抓AI4S科研范式革新机遇提供参考思路。
文摘说起新闻学,在信息化高度发达的今天,为了获得受众关注,其用一些夸张或是带有感情色彩的词汇本无可厚非,新闻稿件作者本人的情感体现其中也属正常。国人,特别是科研人员对于《Science》、《Nature》等顶级期刊学术影响力的认可,使得我们对《Science》在线新闻提供的信息格外关注。2025年11月21日《Science》以在线新闻的形式提供了这样一个报道“Exclusive:CDC to end all monkey research”,副标题为“Studies related to HIV and other infectious diseases will be phased out,sources say;fate of the agency’s animals remains unclear”,作者是《Science》杂志的在线新闻编辑大卫·格里姆[1]。
文摘目的对近年来中性粒细胞缺乏伴发热(FN)抗菌治疗相关文献进行计量与可视化分析,探讨该领域研究趋势与热点。方法检索Web of Science数据库,分析文献发表趋势、国家/地区、研究机构、期刊分布、作者影响力及关键词共现情况。利用VOSviewer、Citespace和Scimago Graphica软件进行图谱分析,呈现FN抗菌治疗的研究热点与发展趋势。结果共纳入536篇文献,2014-2019年的年均发文量约为43篇,2020-2024年的年均发文量约为54篇,呈上升趋势。发文量最多的国家是美国(134篇,占25.00%);发文量最多的机构是墨尔本大学(18篇);发文量最多的作者是GUDIOL C(9篇)。关键词聚类分析显示,研究热点主要集中于“中性粒细胞缺乏伴发热”“抗菌药物管理”“免疫功能受损宿主”“风险评估”“成本效益分析”“经验性治疗”“金黄色葡萄球菌”方面。结论抗菌药物治疗FN相关研究的发文量近年来呈上升趋势,抗菌药物管理、免疫功能受损宿主治疗、耐药性控制及个性化治疗可能成为未来主要研究方向。
文摘AI for Science的高质量发展对于加快实现高水平科技自立自强、建设世界科技强国具有重要意义。从AI、Science、for三个核心概念出发,探讨如何理解和发展AI for Science。在人机协作形态的历史演进中理解AI,即在感知性协作、肢体性协作、计算性协作到认知性协作的脉络中考察AI在科学研究中的角色。AI不再只是从外部为科研赋能,而是逐步介入科学家的思维过程,在认知层面与科学家建立深度协作。从全过程科研视角分析Science,AI不仅赋能科学知识生产,也推动科技传播的民主化与精准化,助力科研管理与评价的智能化。从技术—社会系统的视角来看,为了更好地释放AI for Science的潜力,应着眼于面向AI for Science的科研生态系统整体建设。未来应从人才培养、科研组织、数据资源、伦理治理等行动领域出发,提升科研人员的AI for Science胜任力、推动跨领域合作、促进高质量数据流通与共享以及加强科技伦理治理。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41902151)。
文摘In geological history, one major life explosion and five mass extinction events occurred. These major biological and environmental events affected the evolution of the Earth ecosystem and controlled the formation of organic-rich strata. The life explosion occurred in Cambrian and the five mass extinction events happened at the end of Ordovician, Late Devonian, end of Permian, end of Triassic, and end of Cretaceous, respectively. They are corresponded to the formation of multiple suites of organic-rich strata globally, which are crucial to the formation, evolution and distribution of the fossil energy on Earth. China’s energy is characterized by "unlimited new energy, rich in coal but insufficient in oil and gas ", and it is determined to rely on new energy sources to achieve " energy independence " and carbon neutrality. From the perspective of the Earth system evolution, we investigate the multiple relationships between energy and Earth, energy and environment, as well as energy and human beings, and carry out comprehensive research on energy. Energy science refers to the science of studying the various energy sources formation and distribution, evaluation and selection, production and utilization, orderly replacement, development prospects, etc. in temporal and spatial scales based on the evolution of the Earth system. The connotation of energy science includes three core contents:(1) The relationship between the Earth and energy, including the formation of energy in the Earth system and the feedback of energy consumption to the Earth’s climate and environment;(2) The relationship between the Earth environment and the human beings, including the Earth environment breeding human beings and human activities transforming the earth environment;(3) The relationship between the energy and the human beings, including the development of energy technology by human beings and the progress of human society driven by energy utilization. The energy science focuses on the formation and development of fossil energy, development and orderly replacement of new energy, exploration and utilization of energy in deep earth and deep space, and energy development strategy and planning. The proposal of energy science is of great significance for improving the discipline system, promoting energy development, clarifying the development direction of energy transition, driving the carbon neutral geology research and constructing a habitable Earth.
文摘当前,人工智能正推动科学发现从传统的经验试错阶段迈向智能化、自动化的新阶段,引发了一场深刻的范式革命。本文提出,科学智能(AI for Science)不仅是技术工具的升级,更是一场重塑知识生产方式的智能化革命,标志着第五科研范式的全面兴起。科学智能通过自主假说生成、闭环实验验证与端到端建模,显著提升了传统科研在知识整合、数据处理、理论拓展和实验验证等方面的效率,实现了科研效率的指数级跃升。尤为关键的是,科学智能的“规模法则”与“飞轮效应”正推动科研从分散化的“小作坊”模式向平台化、协同化和工业化模式转变。这一变革为破解中国在“卡脖子”领域长期受制于人的问题提供了全新路径,也为中国发挥全产业链优势、实现科技—产业高效转化带来历史性机遇。本文强调,中国必须超越支持单个项目的传统思维,加快构建以数据为基础、算力为支撑、模型为核心、应用为牵引的国家战略科技力量体系。本文建议设立跨部门协同机制,推动形成开放共享的智能科研生态,将“人工智能+”行动深度融入基础研究与产业创新全链条,抢占全球科技竞争制高点,为发展新质生产力提供核心引擎。
文摘面对复杂而又充斥着不确定性的科学研究活动,生成式人工智能工具的广泛应用正引领一种新的科学研究范式——“人工智能驱动的科学研究(AI for Science)范式”。研究发现,已有关于AI for Science的研究大多依据吉姆·格雷(Jim Gray)的划分方式展开探讨,忽视了科学研究范式划分的不同历史传统。其中,关于科学研究范式的历史形态是多种多样的,不同的学科定位、视域和关注点会形成不同的划分结果。格雷的划分方式侧重于科学研究手段或方法的变化,而科学研究活动主要由科研主体、方法和对象组成。与传统的科学研究活动相比,人工智能驱动的科学研究活动在科研主体上存在着较大的差异,这是与以往科学研究范式相比具有显著区别的变革,当然也有科学研究对象等其他因素的变化。追问AI for Science引发的科学研究范式革命,对于考察科学研究范式的划分问题提供了新视角。
文摘产气荚膜梭菌是革兰氏阳性杆菌,通过释放多种毒素和酶引发畜禽严重疾病,降低畜牧业生产。文献分析可把握学科发展方向,明确当前研究现状和发展趋势。然而,缺乏对产气荚膜梭菌文献的系统梳理,基于此,研究旨在利用Web of science核心数据库,以产气荚膜梭菌为关键词归纳,总结文献。结果表明:(1)1980-2022年,发表产气荚膜梭菌相关文献共计9093篇,其中“Foodborne Illness Acquired in the United States-Major Pathogens”,被引频次最多(1401次);(2)发文量较多的国家依次为美国(2688)>日本(850)>德国(644)>英国(561)>加拿大(501)>中国(500);(3)产气荚膜梭菌的关键词最大权重为toxin(1980-2022年),且以微生物,农业,食品科学技术,兽医学以及生物工程与应用生物学等学科交叉。产气荚膜梭菌的有效遏制是核心,快速根除是关键,该文分析产气荚膜梭菌的研究趋势,提出噬菌体治疗、疫苗免疫等今后研究新思路,为保障畜牧业生产提供理论支撑。
基金Supported by Soft Subject of 2011 Science Research and Technology Development Program of Nanning CityThe Performance Evaluation Research of Major Science and Technology Program in Nanning City(201106070F)
文摘Major science and technology project generally got high social expectations as a result of harge investment.To ensure that the science and technology teams follow the norms of S&T research and make full use of the investment,the effective norms maintenance mechanism must be established which includes punishment for violators and burnout of teams of supervisors,namely setting up the meta-norm execution mechanism.It is very important to establish the effective major science and technology project evaluation system to reduce the norm and metanorm execution cost.In this paper,the principles,methods and implementation system guarantee of evaluation system building are studied as well.
文摘The major research program,"Catalysis science for carbon-based energy conversion",from the national science foundation of China(NSFC)answers to the main strategic needs of China for the efficien use of carbon-based energy and targets to address the key scientifi issues involved in the catalytic interfaces.The research program aims to improve the catalytic activation of C–H and C–O bonds and the C–C coupling process,
