为了探讨不同苦荞[Brassica integrifolia（West）O.E.Schulz apud Urb.]品种在不同地点种植下的子粒膳食纤维变异情况和不同品种与基本生态因子的相关性,以7个苦荞品种在全国荞麦主要产区17个不同地点进行栽培试验,测定所得子粒中膳食...为了探讨不同苦荞[Brassica integrifolia（West）O.E.Schulz apud Urb.]品种在不同地点种植下的子粒膳食纤维变异情况和不同品种与基本生态因子的相关性,以7个苦荞品种在全国荞麦主要产区17个不同地点进行栽培试验,测定所得子粒中膳食纤维含量。结果表明,供试7个苦荞品种在17个地点种植下的子粒总膳食纤维（TDF）、不溶性膳食纤维（IDF）、可溶性膳食纤维（SDF）含量变异范围分别为11.68%~24.13%、7.96%~20.05%、1.02%~10.65%。TDF、IDF含量在品种间及地点间的差异均达极显著水平（P〈0.01）;SDF含量在品种间差异达极显著水平（P〈0.01）,在地点间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。Scott-Knott聚类分析显示,以苦荞子粒TDF含量对品种和地点进行分类,可将供试品种分为3类,参试地点分为2类;以IDF含量对品种和地点进行分类,供试品种可分为2类,地点可分为5类;以SDF含量对品种进行分类,供试品种可分为3类。相关性分析表明,苦荞子粒膳食纤维含量与纬度、海拔、生育期均温均无显著相关。展开更多
采用RAPD分子标记技术对湘鄂5个不同区域的堇叶碎米荠(Cardamine violifolia O. E. Schulz)进行居群间遗传多样性分析,从50个随机引物中筛选出10个条带清晰、多态性明显且重复性好的引物,共扩增出78条DNA片段,其中49条为多态性条带,多...采用RAPD分子标记技术对湘鄂5个不同区域的堇叶碎米荠(Cardamine violifolia O. E. Schulz)进行居群间遗传多样性分析,从50个随机引物中筛选出10个条带清晰、多态性明显且重复性好的引物,共扩增出78条DNA片段,其中49条为多态性条带,多态率达62.8%。利用NTSYS 2.10软件进行聚类分析,以相似系数0.68为标准,可将所有居群分为3类,第Ⅰ类为自选品种鄂碎米荠1号和恩施双河鱼塘坝居群;第Ⅱ类为宜昌长阳四方洞居群和湖南常德石门壶瓶山居群;宜昌五峰栗子坪居群独立分为一类。展开更多
[Objectives]This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids in Cardamine tangutorum O.E.Schulz.[Methods]On the basis of single-factor experiments,the ultrasonic-enzymatic extraction process of ...[Objectives]This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids in Cardamine tangutorum O.E.Schulz.[Methods]On the basis of single-factor experiments,the ultrasonic-enzymatic extraction process of total flavonoids in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz was optimized by Box-Behnken design from aspects of ethanol volume fraction,extraction time,extraction temperature and enzyme addition,with yield of total flavonoids as the evaluation index.[Results]The optimal extraction process of total flavonoids in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz was as follows:ethanol volume fraction of 70%,ultrasonic extraction time of 43 min,ultrasonic extraction temperature of 37℃and cellulose addition of 0.07 mg.Under the optimal conditions,the yield of total flavonoids from C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz reached 75.90 mg/g.[Conclusions]The optimized extraction process was reasonable and feasible,and it could provide a reference for the extraction of total flavonoids in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.This study provided a foundation for the quality control of food/medicinal materials and the development and research of big health products of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.展开更多
Chemical compounds are modeled as graphs.The atoms of molecules represent the graph vertices while chemical bonds between the atoms express the edges.The topological indices representing the molecular graph correspond...Chemical compounds are modeled as graphs.The atoms of molecules represent the graph vertices while chemical bonds between the atoms express the edges.The topological indices representing the molecular graph corresponds to the different chemical properties of compounds.Let a,b be are two positive integers,andΓ(Z_(a)×Z_(b))be the zero-divisor graph of the commutative ring Z_(a)×Z_(b).In this article some direct questions have been answered that can be utilized latterly in different applications.This study starts with simple computations,leading to a quite complex ring theoretic problems to prove certain properties.The theory of finite commutative rings is useful due to its different applications in the fields of advanced mechanics,communication theory,cryptography,combinatorics,algorithms analysis,and engineering.In this paper we determine the distance-based topological polynomials and indices of the zero-divisor graph of the commutative ring Z_(p^(2))×Z_(q)(for p,q as prime numbers)with the help of graphical structure analysis.The study outcomes help in understanding the fundamental relation between ring-theoretic and graph-theoretic properties of a zero-divisor graphΓ(G).展开更多
[Objectives]This study aimed to determine the contents of inorganic elements in Cardamine tangutorum O.E.Schulz samples from different origins to provide a scientific reference for the quality control,safety evaluatio...[Objectives]This study aimed to determine the contents of inorganic elements in Cardamine tangutorum O.E.Schulz samples from different origins to provide a scientific reference for the quality control,safety evaluation and clinical medicinal use of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.[Methods]The contents of Al,As,B,Ba,Ca,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,Hg,K,Mg,Mn,Mo,Na,Ni,P,Pb,Pd,Rb,Se,Si,Sn,Sr,Ti,Tl,V and Zn in the C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz samples were determined simultaneously by wet digestion and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES),and the determination results were analyzed by principal component analysis.[Results]A total of 28 inorganic elements were detected in the samples of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz from different origins.The contents of heavy metals did not exceed the limits.Among the elements,the determined values of Hg in all samples were below the detection limit,so it was not detected.The contents of Ca,Al,P and Fe were relatively high,and they were essential nutrients in the human body.There were significant differences among different elements.Samples from different origins show similar patterns in the distribution of main elements.Correlation analysis shows that 15 pairs of inorganic elements out of 24 elements had extremely significant positive correlations,and 26 pairs of elements had significant positive correlations.The principal component analysis determined Al,As,Ba,Ca,Cd,Fe,Mn,Ni,P,Pb,Pd,Se,V and Zn were the characteristic inorganic elements in the samples of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.[Conclusions]The contents of toxic heavy metals in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz samples from different origins met the edible requirements.The method was simple,rapid and accurate,and could be used to analyze and determine the inorganic elements in the samples of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz,providing a theoretical basis for the better development and utilization of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.展开更多
In this work, three different shear testers-the Jenike shear cell tester, the Schulze ring shear tester, and the Brookfield powder flow tester-were compared in terms of the raw shear stress time series, yield loci poi...In this work, three different shear testers-the Jenike shear cell tester, the Schulze ring shear tester, and the Brookfield powder flow tester-were compared in terms of the raw shear stress time series, yield loci points, angle of internal friction, cohesion, and unconfined yield strength. The three different powders of dolomitic lime, calcium lactate, and calcium carbonate were used for these comparisons. These three powders were characterized into different flowability classes using the ]enike classification, wherein dolomitic lime falls into the cohesive range, calcium lactate falls into the free-flowing range, and calcium carbonate falls into the very cohesive range. Results showed that the best agreement between the testers was found with moderately cohesive powders such as dolomitic lime. Furthermore, the free-flowing material tends to produce more consistent data between the three testers in terms of shear stresses and yield loci. It should be noted that the pre-shear data of free-flowing powder obtained by the Jenike shear cell must be appropriately interpreted. The largest differences between the testers are found with calcium carbonate, which is a highly compressible powder. The ways in which a high powder compressibility can differently affect the results obtained with the different testers were discussed.展开更多
In this work typical mechanical properties for a catalyst support material, ZSM5 （a spray-dried granular zeolite）, have been measured in order to relate the bulk behaviour of the powder material to the single partic...In this work typical mechanical properties for a catalyst support material, ZSM5 （a spray-dried granular zeolite）, have been measured in order to relate the bulk behaviour of the powder material to the single particle mechanical properties. Particle shape and size distribution of the powders, determined by laser diffraction and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, confirmed the spherical shape of the spray-dried particles. The excellent flowability of the material was assessed by typical methods such as the Hausner ratio and the Cart index, This was confirmed by bulk measurements of the particle-particle internal friction parameter and flow function using a Schulze shear cell, which also illustrated the low compressibility of the material. Single particle compression was used to characterize single particle mechanical properties such as reduced elastic modulus and strength from Hertz contact mechanics theory. Comparison with surface properties obtained from nanoindentation suggests heterogeneity, the surface being harder than the core. In order to evaluate the relationship between single particle mechanical properties and bulk compression behaviour, uniaxial confined compression was carried out. It was determined that the Adams model was suitable for describing the bulk compression and furthermore that the Adams model parameter, apparent strength of single particles, was in good agreement with the single particle strength determined from single particle compression test.展开更多
Simulations mostly by physicists of the competition between adult languagessince 2003 are reviewed. The Viviane and Schulze models give good and reasonableagreement, respectively, with the empirical histogram of langu...Simulations mostly by physicists of the competition between adult languagessince 2003 are reviewed. The Viviane and Schulze models give good and reasonableagreement, respectively, with the empirical histogram of language sizes. Alsothe numbers of different languages within one language family is modeled reasonablyin an intermediate range. Bilingualism is now incorporated into the Schulze model.Also the rate at which the majority shifts from one language to another is found tobe nearly independent of the population size, or to depend strongly on it, accordingto details of the Schulze model. Other simulations, like Nettle-Culicover-Nowak, arereviewed more briefly.展开更多
文摘为了探讨不同苦荞[Brassica integrifolia（West）O.E.Schulz apud Urb.]品种在不同地点种植下的子粒膳食纤维变异情况和不同品种与基本生态因子的相关性,以7个苦荞品种在全国荞麦主要产区17个不同地点进行栽培试验,测定所得子粒中膳食纤维含量。结果表明,供试7个苦荞品种在17个地点种植下的子粒总膳食纤维（TDF）、不溶性膳食纤维（IDF）、可溶性膳食纤维（SDF）含量变异范围分别为11.68%~24.13%、7.96%~20.05%、1.02%~10.65%。TDF、IDF含量在品种间及地点间的差异均达极显著水平（P〈0.01）;SDF含量在品种间差异达极显著水平（P〈0.01）,在地点间差异不显著（P〉0.05）。Scott-Knott聚类分析显示,以苦荞子粒TDF含量对品种和地点进行分类,可将供试品种分为3类,参试地点分为2类;以IDF含量对品种和地点进行分类,供试品种可分为2类,地点可分为5类;以SDF含量对品种进行分类,供试品种可分为3类。相关性分析表明,苦荞子粒膳食纤维含量与纬度、海拔、生育期均温均无显著相关。
文摘采用RAPD分子标记技术对湘鄂5个不同区域的堇叶碎米荠(Cardamine violifolia O. E. Schulz)进行居群间遗传多样性分析,从50个随机引物中筛选出10个条带清晰、多态性明显且重复性好的引物,共扩增出78条DNA片段,其中49条为多态性条带,多态率达62.8%。利用NTSYS 2.10软件进行聚类分析,以相似系数0.68为标准,可将所有居群分为3类,第Ⅰ类为自选品种鄂碎米荠1号和恩施双河鱼塘坝居群;第Ⅱ类为宜昌长阳四方洞居群和湖南常德石门壶瓶山居群;宜昌五峰栗子坪居群独立分为一类。
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFC1708005)Applied Basic Research Plan of Sichuan Province(2018ZY0842)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020NGD01).
文摘[Objectives]This study aimed to optimize the extraction process of total flavonoids in Cardamine tangutorum O.E.Schulz.[Methods]On the basis of single-factor experiments,the ultrasonic-enzymatic extraction process of total flavonoids in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz was optimized by Box-Behnken design from aspects of ethanol volume fraction,extraction time,extraction temperature and enzyme addition,with yield of total flavonoids as the evaluation index.[Results]The optimal extraction process of total flavonoids in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz was as follows:ethanol volume fraction of 70%,ultrasonic extraction time of 43 min,ultrasonic extraction temperature of 37℃and cellulose addition of 0.07 mg.Under the optimal conditions,the yield of total flavonoids from C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz reached 75.90 mg/g.[Conclusions]The optimized extraction process was reasonable and feasible,and it could provide a reference for the extraction of total flavonoids in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.This study provided a foundation for the quality control of food/medicinal materials and the development and research of big health products of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.
文摘Chemical compounds are modeled as graphs.The atoms of molecules represent the graph vertices while chemical bonds between the atoms express the edges.The topological indices representing the molecular graph corresponds to the different chemical properties of compounds.Let a,b be are two positive integers,andΓ(Z_(a)×Z_(b))be the zero-divisor graph of the commutative ring Z_(a)×Z_(b).In this article some direct questions have been answered that can be utilized latterly in different applications.This study starts with simple computations,leading to a quite complex ring theoretic problems to prove certain properties.The theory of finite commutative rings is useful due to its different applications in the fields of advanced mechanics,communication theory,cryptography,combinatorics,algorithms analysis,and engineering.In this paper we determine the distance-based topological polynomials and indices of the zero-divisor graph of the commutative ring Z_(p^(2))×Z_(q)(for p,q as prime numbers)with the help of graphical structure analysis.The study outcomes help in understanding the fundamental relation between ring-theoretic and graph-theoretic properties of a zero-divisor graphΓ(G).
基金National Key Research&Development Program of China(2018YFC1708005)Applied Basic Research Program of Sichuan Province(2018ZY0342)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(2020NGD01).
文摘[Objectives]This study aimed to determine the contents of inorganic elements in Cardamine tangutorum O.E.Schulz samples from different origins to provide a scientific reference for the quality control,safety evaluation and clinical medicinal use of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.[Methods]The contents of Al,As,B,Ba,Ca,Cd,Co,Cr,Cu,Fe,Hg,K,Mg,Mn,Mo,Na,Ni,P,Pb,Pd,Rb,Se,Si,Sn,Sr,Ti,Tl,V and Zn in the C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz samples were determined simultaneously by wet digestion and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy(ICP-OES),and the determination results were analyzed by principal component analysis.[Results]A total of 28 inorganic elements were detected in the samples of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz from different origins.The contents of heavy metals did not exceed the limits.Among the elements,the determined values of Hg in all samples were below the detection limit,so it was not detected.The contents of Ca,Al,P and Fe were relatively high,and they were essential nutrients in the human body.There were significant differences among different elements.Samples from different origins show similar patterns in the distribution of main elements.Correlation analysis shows that 15 pairs of inorganic elements out of 24 elements had extremely significant positive correlations,and 26 pairs of elements had significant positive correlations.The principal component analysis determined Al,As,Ba,Ca,Cd,Fe,Mn,Ni,P,Pb,Pd,Se,V and Zn were the characteristic inorganic elements in the samples of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.[Conclusions]The contents of toxic heavy metals in C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz samples from different origins met the edible requirements.The method was simple,rapid and accurate,and could be used to analyze and determine the inorganic elements in the samples of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz,providing a theoretical basis for the better development and utilization of C.tangutorum O.E.Schulz.
文摘In this work, three different shear testers-the Jenike shear cell tester, the Schulze ring shear tester, and the Brookfield powder flow tester-were compared in terms of the raw shear stress time series, yield loci points, angle of internal friction, cohesion, and unconfined yield strength. The three different powders of dolomitic lime, calcium lactate, and calcium carbonate were used for these comparisons. These three powders were characterized into different flowability classes using the ]enike classification, wherein dolomitic lime falls into the cohesive range, calcium lactate falls into the free-flowing range, and calcium carbonate falls into the very cohesive range. Results showed that the best agreement between the testers was found with moderately cohesive powders such as dolomitic lime. Furthermore, the free-flowing material tends to produce more consistent data between the three testers in terms of shear stresses and yield loci. It should be noted that the pre-shear data of free-flowing powder obtained by the Jenike shear cell must be appropriately interpreted. The largest differences between the testers are found with calcium carbonate, which is a highly compressible powder. The ways in which a high powder compressibility can differently affect the results obtained with the different testers were discussed.
基金the EU for financial support through the Framework 6 Marie Curie Action "NEWGROWTH", contract number MEST-CT-2005-020724Johnson Matthey Plc and Birmingham Science City for funding and supporting this research
文摘In this work typical mechanical properties for a catalyst support material, ZSM5 （a spray-dried granular zeolite）, have been measured in order to relate the bulk behaviour of the powder material to the single particle mechanical properties. Particle shape and size distribution of the powders, determined by laser diffraction and scanning electron microscopy （SEM）, confirmed the spherical shape of the spray-dried particles. The excellent flowability of the material was assessed by typical methods such as the Hausner ratio and the Cart index, This was confirmed by bulk measurements of the particle-particle internal friction parameter and flow function using a Schulze shear cell, which also illustrated the low compressibility of the material. Single particle compression was used to characterize single particle mechanical properties such as reduced elastic modulus and strength from Hertz contact mechanics theory. Comparison with surface properties obtained from nanoindentation suggests heterogeneity, the surface being harder than the core. In order to evaluate the relationship between single particle mechanical properties and bulk compression behaviour, uniaxial confined compression was carried out. It was determined that the Adams model was suitable for describing the bulk compression and furthermore that the Adams model parameter, apparent strength of single particles, was in good agreement with the single particle strength determined from single particle compression test.
基金Improved family statistics were obtained for the Viviane model by P.M.C.de Oliveira,D.Stauffer,S.Wichmann,S.Moss de Oliveira,submitted,e-print 0709.0868 on arXiv.org,and for the Tuncay model by C.Tuncay,submitted to Int.J.Mod.Phys.C 19 in press(2008).Endangered languages were modelled by J.W.Minett,W.S.Y.Wang,Lingua,in press(2007).
文摘Simulations mostly by physicists of the competition between adult languagessince 2003 are reviewed. The Viviane and Schulze models give good and reasonableagreement, respectively, with the empirical histogram of language sizes. Alsothe numbers of different languages within one language family is modeled reasonablyin an intermediate range. Bilingualism is now incorporated into the Schulze model.Also the rate at which the majority shifts from one language to another is found tobe nearly independent of the population size, or to depend strongly on it, accordingto details of the Schulze model. Other simulations, like Nettle-Culicover-Nowak, arereviewed more briefly.
