Poly(1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium bromide)is a polymerized ionic liquid(PILs),a relatively new class of materials that combines the attractive properties of ionic liquids(ILs)and polyelectrolytes and finds wide applicat...Poly(1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium bromide)is a polymerized ionic liquid(PILs),a relatively new class of materials that combines the attractive properties of ionic liquids(ILs)and polyelectrolytes and finds wide applications.The backbone of this PIL is composed of quaternary imidazolium salts,which are among the most promising and popular ILs.However,little is known about the physicochemical characteristics of the aqueous solutions of this PIL.In this study,we synthesized and characterized samples of this PIL and obtained experimental data on the viscosity,static and dynamic light scattering,and nuclear magnetic resonance diffusometry for aqueous and aqueous KBr solutions with varying polymer contents at T=298.15 K.We discuss the effects of the polymer concentration and salinity on the behavior of the solution.展开更多
We utilize conventional wave-vector-resolved Brillouin light scattering technology to investigate the spin wave response in YIG thin films under high-power microwave excitation. By varying the microwave frequency, ext...We utilize conventional wave-vector-resolved Brillouin light scattering technology to investigate the spin wave response in YIG thin films under high-power microwave excitation. By varying the microwave frequency, external bias magnetic field, and in-plane wave vector, in addition to observing the dipole-exchange spin waves excited by parallel parametric pumping, we further observe broadband spin wave excitation within the dipole-exchange spin wave spectrum. This broadband excitation results from the combined effects of parallel and perpendicular parametric pumping, induced by irregularities in the excitation geometry, as well as magnon–magnon scattering arising from the absence of certain spin wave modes. Our findings offer new insights into the mechanisms of energy dissipation and relaxation processes caused by spin wave excitation in magnetic devices operating at high power.展开更多
AIM:To evaluate changes in corneal light scattering and anterior segment parameters in newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis(RA)patients who achieved remission with systemic treatment,compared to healthy controls.METHO...AIM:To evaluate changes in corneal light scattering and anterior segment parameters in newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis(RA)patients who achieved remission with systemic treatment,compared to healthy controls.METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital,in ophthalmology,and rheumatology departments.A total of 42 RA patients(13 men and 29 women)and 56 healthy individuals(23 men 33 women)underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic evaluations,including Scheimpflug corneal densitometry and Pentacam HR measurements.Those who initiated systemic treatment for RA were monitored at first,third,and sixth-month follow-ups.Participants who achieved remission at each follow-up assessment were included.RESULTS:Significant differences in corneal densitometry were observed,with higher values in RA patients,particularly in the middle and posterior layers.Anterior segment parameters such as anterior chamber volume and angle were significantly reduced in RA patients compared to other groups(P<0.001).Following systemic treatment and achievement of remission,these parameters showed regression toward normal values.CONCLUSION:The study underscores the potential utility of corneal densitometry and anterior segment analysis as sensitive indicators of subclinical ocular involvement in RA,offering insights into disease progression and treatment efficacy.These findings highlight the importance of early detection and regular monitoring in preventing vision-threatening complications in RA patients.展开更多
Different from the current measurement methods for Young’s modulus of metal materials,the Young’s modulus of intermetallic compounds(IMCs)was obtained by a non-destructive method based on Brillouin light scattering(...Different from the current measurement methods for Young’s modulus of metal materials,the Young’s modulus of intermetallic compounds(IMCs)was obtained by a non-destructive method based on Brillouin light scattering(BLS)in this paper.The single-phase regions of CoSn,CoSn_(2),Cu_(3)Sn and Cu_(6)Sn_(5) phases required for BLS test were obtained by applying long-term thermal stabilization through adjusting temperature gradient.The volume fractions of the corresponding phases near the solid-liquid interfaces of the samples were 98.3%,94.2%,99.6% and 95.9%,respectively.All the independent elastic coefficients and Young’s moduli of IMCs were obtained by Brillouin scatterometer.The Young’s moduli of CoSn,CoSn_(2) and Cu_(3)Sn and Cu_(6)Sn_(5) phases obtained through the present method are 115.0,101.7,129.9 and 125.6 GPa,respectively,which are in a good agreement with the previous experimental results.Thus,the effectiveness of BLS in measuring the Young’s moduli of IMCs in bulk alloys is confirmed.展开更多
Understanding the dynamic assembly process of DNA nanostructures is important for developing novel strategy to design and construct functional devices.In this work,temperature-controlled dynamic light scattering(DLS)s...Understanding the dynamic assembly process of DNA nanostructures is important for developing novel strategy to design and construct functional devices.In this work,temperature-controlled dynamic light scattering(DLS)strategy has been applied to study the global assembly process of DNA origami and DNA bricks.Through the temperature dependent size and intensity profiles,the self-assembly process of various DNA nanostructures with different morphologies have been well-studied and the temperature transition ranges could be observed.Taking advantage of the DLS information,rapid preparation of the DNA origami and the brick assembly has been realized through a constant temperature annealing.Our results demonstrate that the DLS-based strategy provides a convenient and robust tool to study the dynamic process of forming hieratical DNA structures,which will benefit understanding the mechanism of self-assembly of DNA nanostructures.展开更多
Rational design of porous metal oxide films that serve as not only the scaffolds for light absorbers but also the transfer layer of photo generated charges is essential for fabricating highly efficient photoanodes for...Rational design of porous metal oxide films that serve as not only the scaffolds for light absorbers but also the transfer layer of photo generated charges is essential for fabricating highly efficient photoanodes for photoelectrochemical(PEC)hydrogen generation.In this work,w report a facile one-step pyrolysis method which can convert Zn-based MOF to porous ZnO(m-ZnO)with rough surface and abundant oxygen vacancies(O_(v)).When incorporating core-shell quantum dots(QDs)as the light absorbers,the obtained photoanodes(m-ZnO@QDs)achieved outstanding PEC performance for hydrogen generation,exhibiting 1.6 times and 5.8 times higher saturated photocurrent density(J_(sc))than thos of conventional TiO_(2)@QDs and ZnO@QDs photoanodes,respectively.Comprehensive optical and electrochemical measurements reveal tha the rough surface of m-ZnO can significantly improve the light-harvesting capacity of corresponding photoanodes through surface-enhanced light scattering.Moreover,the O_(v)in m-ZnO facilitate the interfacial transfer of photogenerated electrons.Our findings indicate that the MOF are valuable precursors for the preparation of porous films,offering a promising route to develop high-performance QDs-based PEC devices.展开更多
This paper presents a method of measuring the particle mean size and dust concentration by small angle near forward light scattering optics and the extinction theory. Its theory is based on Fraunhofer diffraction the...This paper presents a method of measuring the particle mean size and dust concentration by small angle near forward light scattering optics and the extinction theory. Its theory is based on Fraunhofer diffraction theory which is the approximation of Mie scattering within the forward Fraunhofer diffraction lobe, and Rosin Rammler function is introduced to describe the particle size distribution in two phase flow in advance. Compared with the values by the sample weight method, the measurement results have a reasonable agreement. The present work has demonstrated that this method will be probably used to monitor the parameters of two phase flow.展开更多
Aim To determine nucleic acid （DNA） using Nanometer-sized L-cysteine-capped CdS particles by resonance light scattering （RLS） method. Methods The nano-particles synthesized by a colloidal aqueous method were water...Aim To determine nucleic acid （DNA） using Nanometer-sized L-cysteine-capped CdS particles by resonance light scattering （RLS） method. Methods The nano-particles synthesized by a colloidal aqueous method were water-soluble, stable, and highly luminescent. The RLS of L-Cys-CdS particles were greatly quenched by DNA in Tris-HCl solutions. The intensity of RLS at 344 nm was proportional to the concentration of DNA. Results The linearity range of the calibration curve was 0. 01 - 1.0 μg·mL^-1 for calf thymus DNA and 0. 04 - 1.5 μg· mL^-1 for salmon sperm DNA. The detection limits （3 δ） were 8 ng·mL^-1 for calf thymus DNA and 10 ng·mL^-1 for salmon sperm DNA. Conclusion This method is simple, sensitive, and capable of avoiding the use of toxic dyes.展开更多
Presented is a review of the radiative properties of ice clouds from three perspectives： light scattering simulations, remote sensing applications, and broadband radiation parameterizations appropriate for numerical ...Presented is a review of the radiative properties of ice clouds from three perspectives： light scattering simulations, remote sensing applications, and broadband radiation parameterizations appropriate for numerical models. On the subject of light scattering simulations, several classical computational approaches are reviewed, including the conventional geometric-optics method and its improved forms, the finite-difference time domain technique, the pseudo-spectral time domain technique, the discrete dipole approximation method, and the T-matrix method, with specific applications to the computation of the singlescattering properties of individual ice crystals. The strengths and weaknesses associated with each approach are discussed.With reference to remote sensing, operational retrieval algorithms are reviewed for retrieving cloud optical depth and effective particle size based on solar or thermal infrared（IR） bands. To illustrate the performance of the current solar- and IR-based retrievals, two case studies are presented based on spaceborne observations. The need for a more realistic ice cloud optical model to obtain spectrally consistent retrievals is demonstrated. Furthermore, to complement ice cloud property studies based on passive radiometric measurements, the advantage of incorporating lidar and/or polarimetric measurements is discussed.The performance of ice cloud models based on the use of different ice habits to represent ice particles is illustrated by comparing model results with satellite observations. A summary is provided of a number of parameterization schemes for ice cloud radiative properties that were developed for application to broadband radiative transfer submodels within general circulation models（GCMs）. The availability of the single-scattering properties of complex ice habits has led to more accurate radiation parameterizations. In conclusion, the importance of using nonspherical ice particle models in GCM simulations for climate studies is proven.展开更多
To improve the modeling accuracy of radiative transfer,the scattering properties of aerosol particles with irregular shapes and inhomogeneous compositions should be simulated accurately.To this end,a light-scattering ...To improve the modeling accuracy of radiative transfer,the scattering properties of aerosol particles with irregular shapes and inhomogeneous compositions should be simulated accurately.To this end,a light-scattering model for nonspherical particles is established based on the pseudo-spectral time domain(PSTD)technique.In this model,the perfectly matched layer with auxiliary differential equation(ADE-PML),an excellent absorption boundary condition(ABC)in the finite difference time domain generalized for the PSTD,and the weighted total field/scattered field(TF/SF)technique is employed to introduce the incident light into 3 D computational domain.To improve computational efficiency,the model is further parallelized using the Open MP technique.The modeling accuracy of the PSTD scheme is validated against Lorenz–Mie,Aden–Kerker,T-matrix theory and DDA for spheres,inhomogeneous particles and nonspherical particles,and the influence of the spatial resolution and thickness of ADE-PML on the modeling accuracy is discussed as well.Finally,the parallel computational efficiency of the model is also analyzed.The results show that an excellent agreement is achieved between the results of PSTD and well-tested scattering models,where the simulation errors of extinction efficiencies are generally smaller than 1%,indicating the high accuracy of our model.Despite its low spatial resolution,reliable modeling precision can still be achieved by using the PSTD technique,especially for large particles.To suppress the electromagnetic wave reflected by the absorption layers,a six-layer ADE-PML should be set in the computational domain at least.展开更多
We demonstrate light focusing through scattering media by introducing particle swarm optimization for modulat- ing the phase wavefront. Light refocusing is simulated numerically based on the angular spectrum method an...We demonstrate light focusing through scattering media by introducing particle swarm optimization for modulat- ing the phase wavefront. Light refocusing is simulated numerically based on the angular spectrum method and the circular Gaussian distribution model of the scattering media. Experimentally, a spatial light modulator is used to control the phase of incident light, so as to make the scattered light converge to a focus. The influence of divided segments of input light and the effect of the number of iterations on light intensity enhancement are investigated. Simulation results are found to be in good agreement with the theoretical analysis for light refocusing.展开更多
A simple and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）coupled with diode array detector（DAD）and evaporative light scattering detector（ELSD）was established for the determination of six bioactive compo...A simple and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）coupled with diode array detector（DAD）and evaporative light scattering detector（ELSD）was established for the determination of six bioactive compounds in Zhenqi Fuzheng preparation（ZFP）.The monitoring wavelengths were 254,275 and 328 nm.Under the optimum conditions,good separation was achieved,and the assay was fully validated in respect of precision,repeatability and accuracy.The proposed method was successfully applied to quantify the six ingredients in 31 batches of ZFP samples and evaluate the variation by hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA）,which demonstrated significant variations on the content of these compounds in the samples from different manufacturers with different preparation procedures.The developed HPLC method can be used as a valid analytical method to evaluate the intrinsic quality of this preparation.展开更多
Functionalized nano-PbS has been prepared and characterized. The functionalized nanoparticles have good dispersibility in water. Reaction of functionalized nanoPbS with gglobulin (gIgG) results an enhanced resonance...Functionalized nano-PbS has been prepared and characterized. The functionalized nanoparticles have good dispersibility in water. Reaction of functionalized nanoPbS with gglobulin (gIgG) results an enhanced resonance light scattering (RLS) around 385 nm. However, when the content of HSA is lower than 0.5 mg ml-1 the RLS enhancement is very weak and is nonlinear to concentration of HSA. Based on these results, a new direct quantitative determination method for gglobulin in blood serum samples without separation is established. Under optimal conditions, the enhanced RLS intensity is in proportion to the gIgG concentration in the range 10500 ng/mL. The limit of detection is 2.75 ng/mL. This method is proved to be very sensitive, rapid, simple and selective for detection of gIgG in blood serum.展开更多
Gold nanoparticles （GNPs） have been widely used as probes and nanomaterials in certain biological and biomedical fields thanks to its special physical and chemical properties. However, it is still difficult to chara...Gold nanoparticles （GNPs） have been widely used as probes and nanomaterials in certain biological and biomedical fields thanks to its special physical and chemical properties. However, it is still difficult to characterize GNPs-bioconjugates in solution, which has greatly limited further bioapplications of GNPs. In this study, we reported a single particle method for characterizing GNPs- biomolecules in solution using resonance light scattering correlation spectroscopy （RLSCS）. The interaction of GNPs with bovine serum albumin （BSA） and thiol-modified oligonucletides were investigated.展开更多
A novel determination method of Ag^＋ was established. In acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer （pH 5.0） medium, Ag^＋ reacts with SCN^- to form AgSCN in the presence of TritonX-100,which results in an increase of reson...A novel determination method of Ag^＋ was established. In acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer （pH 5.0） medium, Ag^＋ reacts with SCN^- to form AgSCN in the presence of TritonX-100,which results in an increase of resonance light scattering （RLS）and giving a new RLS spectrum.The maximum RLS peak was at 585 nm,The enhancement of resonance light scattering at 585 nm was proportional to the concentration of Ag^＋ ranging from 0.0045-4.00μg mL^-1 （r=9991）,and the detection limit was 1.37 ng mL^-1 with the recovery of 97.70%- 104.80%。展开更多
Base on the principle of absolute quantification of size exclusion chromatography （SEC）, a light scattering （LS） detector coupled with a concentration detector （refractive index detector） is utilized to determin...Base on the principle of absolute quantification of size exclusion chromatography （SEC）, a light scattering （LS） detector coupled with a concentration detector （refractive index detector） is utilized to determine the compositions of complicated binary mixtures. A theoretical analysis predicts that the response factors for both LS and RI detectors are linear functions with the composition of any specified polymer mixtures in the binary polymer mixtures. Two pairs of complicated binary mixtures were used to test the theory mentioned in the present paper, and the experimental results show an excellent accordance with the theory.展开更多
Egg yolk phosphatidylcholine(EYPC) is being widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries nowadays owing to its surface activity,pharmaceutical usefulness,and so on.Common determination methods of phospholipids we...Egg yolk phosphatidylcholine(EYPC) is being widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries nowadays owing to its surface activity,pharmaceutical usefulness,and so on.Common determination methods of phospholipids were based on the American Oil Chemists' Society(AOCS) Official Method Ja7b-91,in which n-hexane/2-propanol/acetate buffer was used as the mobile phase.In order to achieve desired results,gradient elu-tion or buffer solution was used,which made the detection process more complicated.Moreover,water or buffer solution could affect the silica gel column both on its lifespan and the separation efficiency significantly.In this study,different mobile phase and detector were used to simplify EYPC analyzing process instead of using water within the mobile phase.The optimized HPLC operating conditions are as follows:pure methanol as a mobile phase,flow rate of 1.0 ml·min-1,silica gel column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm,Inertsil GLTM),column temperature 30 ℃ and low temperature evaporative light scattering detector(40 ℃,0.35 MPa) as used.Under this optimal condition,the linear relative coefficient of the standard curve is 0.998 and the recovery was in the range of 96.83%-101.58% with a relative standard deviation of 1.79%(n=6).展开更多
A laser-induced resonance light scattering （RLS） imaging method to determine heparin is described based on the high light scattering emission power of the aggregation species of heparin with α, β, γ, δ-tetra（4-...A laser-induced resonance light scattering （RLS） imaging method to determine heparin is described based on the high light scattering emission power of the aggregation species of heparin with α, β, γ, δ-tetra（4-trimethylaminoniumphenyl）prophyrin （TAPP） in solution, By imaging the light scattering signals of the aggregation species, we proposed the method to determine the heparin with a detection range of 0.02 - 0.6μg/mL and the detection limit （30） of 1.3 ng/mL.展开更多
The association behavior of starch and chitosan and the dilute solution properties of the starch/chitosan complex were investigated by means of resonance light scattering（RLS） spectra.The interaction between starch ...The association behavior of starch and chitosan and the dilute solution properties of the starch/chitosan complex were investigated by means of resonance light scattering（RLS） spectra.The interaction between starch and chiotsan was proved by RLS.Based on the results,the appropriate association condition was selected.However,the solution property of starch/chitosan was affected greatly by external factors such as pH value and metal ionic strength.The change of pH,which causes the irreversible transition of solution from transparent into murky,provides some important information of partitioning behavior of the complex in solution.The durative enhancement of RLS intensity for the complex exhibited two inflexions and a plateau in the presence of a certain amount of Fe 3＋.It indicates that Fe 3＋ not only increases the RLS intensity,but also induces the micell-aggregate transition of the complex in solution.Moreover,the thermodynamic parameters for micell formation process at different temperatures,based on the RLS values,were calculated.展开更多
Particle shape contributes to understanding the physical and chemical processes of the atmosphere and better ascer- taining the origins and chemical compositions of the particles. The particle shape can be classified ...Particle shape contributes to understanding the physical and chemical processes of the atmosphere and better ascer- taining the origins and chemical compositions of the particles. The particle shape can be classified by the aspect ratio. which can be estimated through the asymmetry factor measured with angularly resolved light scattering. An experimental method of obtaining the asymmetry factor based on simultaneous small forward angle light scattering and aerodynamic size measurements is described briefly. The near forward scattering intensity signals of three detectors in the azimuthal angles at 120° offset are calculated using the methods of T-matrix and discrete dipole approximation. Prolate spheroid particles with different aspect ratios are used as the shape models with the assumption that the symmetry axis is parallel to the flow axis and perpendicular to the incident light. The relations between the asymmetry factor and the optical size and aerodynamic size at various equivalent sizes, refractive indices, and mass densities are discussed in this paper. The numerically calculated results indicate that an elongated particle may be classified at diameter larger than 1.0 μm, and may not be distinguished from a sphere at diameter less than 0.5 μm. It is estimated that the lowest detected aspect ratio is around 1.5： I in consideration of the experimental errors.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Russian Science Foundation(No.20-13-00038).
文摘Poly(1-butyl-3-vinylimidazolium bromide)is a polymerized ionic liquid(PILs),a relatively new class of materials that combines the attractive properties of ionic liquids(ILs)and polyelectrolytes and finds wide applications.The backbone of this PIL is composed of quaternary imidazolium salts,which are among the most promising and popular ILs.However,little is known about the physicochemical characteristics of the aqueous solutions of this PIL.In this study,we synthesized and characterized samples of this PIL and obtained experimental data on the viscosity,static and dynamic light scattering,and nuclear magnetic resonance diffusometry for aqueous and aqueous KBr solutions with varying polymer contents at T=298.15 K.We discuss the effects of the polymer concentration and salinity on the behavior of the solution.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 52471200, 12174165, and 52201219)。
文摘We utilize conventional wave-vector-resolved Brillouin light scattering technology to investigate the spin wave response in YIG thin films under high-power microwave excitation. By varying the microwave frequency, external bias magnetic field, and in-plane wave vector, in addition to observing the dipole-exchange spin waves excited by parallel parametric pumping, we further observe broadband spin wave excitation within the dipole-exchange spin wave spectrum. This broadband excitation results from the combined effects of parallel and perpendicular parametric pumping, induced by irregularities in the excitation geometry, as well as magnon–magnon scattering arising from the absence of certain spin wave modes. Our findings offer new insights into the mechanisms of energy dissipation and relaxation processes caused by spin wave excitation in magnetic devices operating at high power.
文摘AIM:To evaluate changes in corneal light scattering and anterior segment parameters in newly diagnosed rheumatoid arthritis(RA)patients who achieved remission with systemic treatment,compared to healthy controls.METHODS:A cross-sectional study was conducted at a tertiary care hospital,in ophthalmology,and rheumatology departments.A total of 42 RA patients(13 men and 29 women)and 56 healthy individuals(23 men 33 women)underwent comprehensive ophthalmologic evaluations,including Scheimpflug corneal densitometry and Pentacam HR measurements.Those who initiated systemic treatment for RA were monitored at first,third,and sixth-month follow-ups.Participants who achieved remission at each follow-up assessment were included.RESULTS:Significant differences in corneal densitometry were observed,with higher values in RA patients,particularly in the middle and posterior layers.Anterior segment parameters such as anterior chamber volume and angle were significantly reduced in RA patients compared to other groups(P<0.001).Following systemic treatment and achievement of remission,these parameters showed regression toward normal values.CONCLUSION:The study underscores the potential utility of corneal densitometry and anterior segment analysis as sensitive indicators of subclinical ocular involvement in RA,offering insights into disease progression and treatment efficacy.These findings highlight the importance of early detection and regular monitoring in preventing vision-threatening complications in RA patients.
基金supported by the Gansu Key Research and Development Project,China(No.23YFGA0003)the Key Science and Technology Projects of Gansu Province,China(No.22ZD6GB019)+2 种基金Gansu Provincial Joint Research Fund,China(No.23JRRC0004)the Industry Support Plan of Gansu Universities,China(No.2024CYZC-01)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,China(No.lzujbky-2022-ey15).
文摘Different from the current measurement methods for Young’s modulus of metal materials,the Young’s modulus of intermetallic compounds(IMCs)was obtained by a non-destructive method based on Brillouin light scattering(BLS)in this paper.The single-phase regions of CoSn,CoSn_(2),Cu_(3)Sn and Cu_(6)Sn_(5) phases required for BLS test were obtained by applying long-term thermal stabilization through adjusting temperature gradient.The volume fractions of the corresponding phases near the solid-liquid interfaces of the samples were 98.3%,94.2%,99.6% and 95.9%,respectively.All the independent elastic coefficients and Young’s moduli of IMCs were obtained by Brillouin scatterometer.The Young’s moduli of CoSn,CoSn_(2) and Cu_(3)Sn and Cu_(6)Sn_(5) phases obtained through the present method are 115.0,101.7,129.9 and 125.6 GPa,respectively,which are in a good agreement with the previous experimental results.Thus,the effectiveness of BLS in measuring the Young’s moduli of IMCs in bulk alloys is confirmed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21971248)。
文摘Understanding the dynamic assembly process of DNA nanostructures is important for developing novel strategy to design and construct functional devices.In this work,temperature-controlled dynamic light scattering(DLS)strategy has been applied to study the global assembly process of DNA origami and DNA bricks.Through the temperature dependent size and intensity profiles,the self-assembly process of various DNA nanostructures with different morphologies have been well-studied and the temperature transition ranges could be observed.Taking advantage of the DLS information,rapid preparation of the DNA origami and the brick assembly has been realized through a constant temperature annealing.Our results demonstrate that the DLS-based strategy provides a convenient and robust tool to study the dynamic process of forming hieratical DNA structures,which will benefit understanding the mechanism of self-assembly of DNA nanostructures.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.12275190,12105201)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(Grant No.2024ZB723)。
文摘Rational design of porous metal oxide films that serve as not only the scaffolds for light absorbers but also the transfer layer of photo generated charges is essential for fabricating highly efficient photoanodes for photoelectrochemical(PEC)hydrogen generation.In this work,w report a facile one-step pyrolysis method which can convert Zn-based MOF to porous ZnO(m-ZnO)with rough surface and abundant oxygen vacancies(O_(v)).When incorporating core-shell quantum dots(QDs)as the light absorbers,the obtained photoanodes(m-ZnO@QDs)achieved outstanding PEC performance for hydrogen generation,exhibiting 1.6 times and 5.8 times higher saturated photocurrent density(J_(sc))than thos of conventional TiO_(2)@QDs and ZnO@QDs photoanodes,respectively.Comprehensive optical and electrochemical measurements reveal tha the rough surface of m-ZnO can significantly improve the light-harvesting capacity of corresponding photoanodes through surface-enhanced light scattering.Moreover,the O_(v)in m-ZnO facilitate the interfacial transfer of photogenerated electrons.Our findings indicate that the MOF are valuable precursors for the preparation of porous films,offering a promising route to develop high-performance QDs-based PEC devices.
文摘This paper presents a method of measuring the particle mean size and dust concentration by small angle near forward light scattering optics and the extinction theory. Its theory is based on Fraunhofer diffraction theory which is the approximation of Mie scattering within the forward Fraunhofer diffraction lobe, and Rosin Rammler function is introduced to describe the particle size distribution in two phase flow in advance. Compared with the values by the sample weight method, the measurement results have a reasonable agreement. The present work has demonstrated that this method will be probably used to monitor the parameters of two phase flow.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(30370404).
文摘Aim To determine nucleic acid （DNA） using Nanometer-sized L-cysteine-capped CdS particles by resonance light scattering （RLS） method. Methods The nano-particles synthesized by a colloidal aqueous method were water-soluble, stable, and highly luminescent. The RLS of L-Cys-CdS particles were greatly quenched by DNA in Tris-HCl solutions. The intensity of RLS at 344 nm was proportional to the concentration of DNA. Results The linearity range of the calibration curve was 0. 01 - 1.0 μg·mL^-1 for calf thymus DNA and 0. 04 - 1.5 μg· mL^-1 for salmon sperm DNA. The detection limits （3 δ） were 8 ng·mL^-1 for calf thymus DNA and 10 ng·mL^-1 for salmon sperm DNA. Conclusion This method is simple, sensitive, and capable of avoiding the use of toxic dyes.
基金supported by the NSF (Grants AGS-1338440 and AGS-0946315)the endowment funds related to the David Bullock Harris Chair in Geosciences at the College of Geosciences, Texas A&M University
文摘Presented is a review of the radiative properties of ice clouds from three perspectives： light scattering simulations, remote sensing applications, and broadband radiation parameterizations appropriate for numerical models. On the subject of light scattering simulations, several classical computational approaches are reviewed, including the conventional geometric-optics method and its improved forms, the finite-difference time domain technique, the pseudo-spectral time domain technique, the discrete dipole approximation method, and the T-matrix method, with specific applications to the computation of the singlescattering properties of individual ice crystals. The strengths and weaknesses associated with each approach are discussed.With reference to remote sensing, operational retrieval algorithms are reviewed for retrieving cloud optical depth and effective particle size based on solar or thermal infrared（IR） bands. To illustrate the performance of the current solar- and IR-based retrievals, two case studies are presented based on spaceborne observations. The need for a more realistic ice cloud optical model to obtain spectrally consistent retrievals is demonstrated. Furthermore, to complement ice cloud property studies based on passive radiometric measurements, the advantage of incorporating lidar and/or polarimetric measurements is discussed.The performance of ice cloud models based on the use of different ice habits to represent ice particles is illustrated by comparing model results with satellite observations. A summary is provided of a number of parameterization schemes for ice cloud radiative properties that were developed for application to broadband radiative transfer submodels within general circulation models（GCMs）. The availability of the single-scattering properties of complex ice habits has led to more accurate radiation parameterizations. In conclusion, the importance of using nonspherical ice particle models in GCM simulations for climate studies is proven.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41575025 and 41575024)
文摘To improve the modeling accuracy of radiative transfer,the scattering properties of aerosol particles with irregular shapes and inhomogeneous compositions should be simulated accurately.To this end,a light-scattering model for nonspherical particles is established based on the pseudo-spectral time domain(PSTD)technique.In this model,the perfectly matched layer with auxiliary differential equation(ADE-PML),an excellent absorption boundary condition(ABC)in the finite difference time domain generalized for the PSTD,and the weighted total field/scattered field(TF/SF)technique is employed to introduce the incident light into 3 D computational domain.To improve computational efficiency,the model is further parallelized using the Open MP technique.The modeling accuracy of the PSTD scheme is validated against Lorenz–Mie,Aden–Kerker,T-matrix theory and DDA for spheres,inhomogeneous particles and nonspherical particles,and the influence of the spatial resolution and thickness of ADE-PML on the modeling accuracy is discussed as well.Finally,the parallel computational efficiency of the model is also analyzed.The results show that an excellent agreement is achieved between the results of PSTD and well-tested scattering models,where the simulation errors of extinction efficiencies are generally smaller than 1%,indicating the high accuracy of our model.Despite its low spatial resolution,reliable modeling precision can still be achieved by using the PSTD technique,especially for large particles.To suppress the electromagnetic wave reflected by the absorption layers,a six-layer ADE-PML should be set in the computational domain at least.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos 61178015,11304104 and 61575070
文摘We demonstrate light focusing through scattering media by introducing particle swarm optimization for modulat- ing the phase wavefront. Light refocusing is simulated numerically based on the angular spectrum method and the circular Gaussian distribution model of the scattering media. Experimentally, a spatial light modulator is used to control the phase of incident light, so as to make the scattered light converge to a focus. The influence of divided segments of input light and the effect of the number of iterations on light intensity enhancement are investigated. Simulation results are found to be in good agreement with the theoretical analysis for light refocusing.
文摘A simple and accurate high-performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）coupled with diode array detector（DAD）and evaporative light scattering detector（ELSD）was established for the determination of six bioactive compounds in Zhenqi Fuzheng preparation（ZFP）.The monitoring wavelengths were 254,275 and 328 nm.Under the optimum conditions,good separation was achieved,and the assay was fully validated in respect of precision,repeatability and accuracy.The proposed method was successfully applied to quantify the six ingredients in 31 batches of ZFP samples and evaluate the variation by hierarchical cluster analysis（HCA）,which demonstrated significant variations on the content of these compounds in the samples from different manufacturers with different preparation procedures.The developed HPLC method can be used as a valid analytical method to evaluate the intrinsic quality of this preparation.
文摘Functionalized nano-PbS has been prepared and characterized. The functionalized nanoparticles have good dispersibility in water. Reaction of functionalized nanoPbS with gglobulin (gIgG) results an enhanced resonance light scattering (RLS) around 385 nm. However, when the content of HSA is lower than 0.5 mg ml-1 the RLS enhancement is very weak and is nonlinear to concentration of HSA. Based on these results, a new direct quantitative determination method for gglobulin in blood serum samples without separation is established. Under optimal conditions, the enhanced RLS intensity is in proportion to the gIgG concentration in the range 10500 ng/mL. The limit of detection is 2.75 ng/mL. This method is proved to be very sensitive, rapid, simple and selective for detection of gIgG in blood serum.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20975067)RFDP (No.20090073120039)Shanghai Educational Development Foundation(No.2008CG12)
文摘Gold nanoparticles （GNPs） have been widely used as probes and nanomaterials in certain biological and biomedical fields thanks to its special physical and chemical properties. However, it is still difficult to characterize GNPs-bioconjugates in solution, which has greatly limited further bioapplications of GNPs. In this study, we reported a single particle method for characterizing GNPs- biomolecules in solution using resonance light scattering correlation spectroscopy （RLSCS）. The interaction of GNPs with bovine serum albumin （BSA） and thiol-modified oligonucletides were investigated.
文摘A novel determination method of Ag^＋ was established. In acetic acid-sodium acetate buffer （pH 5.0） medium, Ag^＋ reacts with SCN^- to form AgSCN in the presence of TritonX-100,which results in an increase of resonance light scattering （RLS）and giving a new RLS spectrum.The maximum RLS peak was at 585 nm,The enhancement of resonance light scattering at 585 nm was proportional to the concentration of Ag^＋ ranging from 0.0045-4.00μg mL^-1 （r=9991）,and the detection limit was 1.37 ng mL^-1 with the recovery of 97.70%- 104.80%。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50633030)
文摘Base on the principle of absolute quantification of size exclusion chromatography （SEC）, a light scattering （LS） detector coupled with a concentration detector （refractive index detector） is utilized to determine the compositions of complicated binary mixtures. A theoretical analysis predicts that the response factors for both LS and RI detectors are linear functions with the composition of any specified polymer mixtures in the binary polymer mixtures. Two pairs of complicated binary mixtures were used to test the theory mentioned in the present paper, and the experimental results show an excellent accordance with the theory.
文摘Egg yolk phosphatidylcholine(EYPC) is being widely used in food and pharmaceutical industries nowadays owing to its surface activity,pharmaceutical usefulness,and so on.Common determination methods of phospholipids were based on the American Oil Chemists' Society(AOCS) Official Method Ja7b-91,in which n-hexane/2-propanol/acetate buffer was used as the mobile phase.In order to achieve desired results,gradient elu-tion or buffer solution was used,which made the detection process more complicated.Moreover,water or buffer solution could affect the silica gel column both on its lifespan and the separation efficiency significantly.In this study,different mobile phase and detector were used to simplify EYPC analyzing process instead of using water within the mobile phase.The optimized HPLC operating conditions are as follows:pure methanol as a mobile phase,flow rate of 1.0 ml·min-1,silica gel column(250 mm×4.6 mm,5 μm,Inertsil GLTM),column temperature 30 ℃ and low temperature evaporative light scattering detector(40 ℃,0.35 MPa) as used.Under this optimal condition,the linear relative coefficient of the standard curve is 0.998 and the recovery was in the range of 96.83%-101.58% with a relative standard deviation of 1.79%(n=6).
基金supports from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20425517,No.20275032)the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(NCET-04-0852)+1 种基金Chun Hui Program(No:[2004]7-24)directed under the Ministry of Education of PRCthe Municipal Science and Technology Committee of Chongqing.
文摘A laser-induced resonance light scattering （RLS） imaging method to determine heparin is described based on the high light scattering emission power of the aggregation species of heparin with α, β, γ, δ-tetra（4-trimethylaminoniumphenyl）prophyrin （TAPP） in solution, By imaging the light scattering signals of the aggregation species, we proposed the method to determine the heparin with a detection range of 0.02 - 0.6μg/mL and the detection limit （30） of 1.3 ng/mL.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.50673104)
文摘The association behavior of starch and chitosan and the dilute solution properties of the starch/chitosan complex were investigated by means of resonance light scattering（RLS） spectra.The interaction between starch and chiotsan was proved by RLS.Based on the results,the appropriate association condition was selected.However,the solution property of starch/chitosan was affected greatly by external factors such as pH value and metal ionic strength.The change of pH,which causes the irreversible transition of solution from transparent into murky,provides some important information of partitioning behavior of the complex in solution.The durative enhancement of RLS intensity for the complex exhibited two inflexions and a plateau in the presence of a certain amount of Fe 3＋.It indicates that Fe 3＋ not only increases the RLS intensity,but also induces the micell-aggregate transition of the complex in solution.Moreover,the thermodynamic parameters for micell formation process at different temperatures,based on the RLS values,were calculated.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41275132)
文摘Particle shape contributes to understanding the physical and chemical processes of the atmosphere and better ascer- taining the origins and chemical compositions of the particles. The particle shape can be classified by the aspect ratio. which can be estimated through the asymmetry factor measured with angularly resolved light scattering. An experimental method of obtaining the asymmetry factor based on simultaneous small forward angle light scattering and aerodynamic size measurements is described briefly. The near forward scattering intensity signals of three detectors in the azimuthal angles at 120° offset are calculated using the methods of T-matrix and discrete dipole approximation. Prolate spheroid particles with different aspect ratios are used as the shape models with the assumption that the symmetry axis is parallel to the flow axis and perpendicular to the incident light. The relations between the asymmetry factor and the optical size and aerodynamic size at various equivalent sizes, refractive indices, and mass densities are discussed in this paper. The numerically calculated results indicate that an elongated particle may be classified at diameter larger than 1.0 μm, and may not be distinguished from a sphere at diameter less than 0.5 μm. It is estimated that the lowest detected aspect ratio is around 1.5： I in consideration of the experimental errors.
