To determine the ash characteristics during fluidized bed combustion and gasification purposes, the investigation of the impacts of chemical composition of Jincheng coal ash on the sintering temperature was conducted....To determine the ash characteristics during fluidized bed combustion and gasification purposes, the investigation of the impacts of chemical composition of Jincheng coal ash on the sintering temperature was conducted. A series of experiments on the sintering behavior at 0.5 MPa was performed using the pressurized pressure-drop technique in the combustion and gasification atmospheres. Meanwhile, the mineral transformations of sintered ash pellets were observed using X-ray diffractometer （XRD） analyzer to better understand the experimental results. In addition, quantitative XRD and field emission scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer （FE-SEM/EDS） analyses of ash samples were used for clarifying the detailed ash melting mechanism. These results show that the addition of Fe203 can obviously reduce the sintering temperatures under gasification atmospheres, and only affect a little the sintering temperature under combustion atmosphere. This may be due to the presence of iron-bearing minerals, which will react with other ash compositions to produce low-melting-point eutectics. The FE-SEM/EDS analyses of ash samples with Fe203 additive show consistent results with the XRD measurements. The CaO and Na20 can reduce the sintering temperatures under both the combustion and gasification atmospheres. This can be also contributed to the formation of low-melting-point eutectics, decreasing the sintering temperature. Moreover, the fluxing minerals, such as magnetite, anhydrite, muscovite, albite and nepheline, contribute mostly to the reduction of the sintering temperature while the feldspar minerals, such as anorthite, gehlenite and sanidine, can react with other minerals to produce low-melting-point eutectics, and thereby reduce the sintering temperatures.展开更多
Greener synthesis of nanoparticle is a revolutionizing area in research field.Biological method of reduction of metal ions is often preferred because they are clean,safe,biocompatible,and environmentally acceptable th...Greener synthesis of nanoparticle is a revolutionizing area in research field.Biological method of reduction of metal ions is often preferred because they are clean,safe,biocompatible,and environmentally acceptable than physical,chemical,and mechanical methods.The wet biomass of Aspergillus terreus（A.terreus） was utilized for the intracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles.Gold nanoparticles were produced when an aqueous solution of chloroauric acid was reduced by A.terreus biomass as the reducing agent.Production of gold nanoparticles was confirmed by the color change of biomass from yellow to pinkish violet.The produced nanoparticles were then characterized by FT-IR,SEM,EDS,and XRD.The SEM images revealed that the nanoparticles were spherical,irregularly shaped with no definite morphology.Average size of the biosynthesized gold nanoparticles was 186 nm.The presence of the gold nanoparticle was confirmed by EDS analysis.Crystalline nature of synthesized gold nanoparticle was confirmed by XRD pattern.展开更多
The antioxidant of seeds was carried out using extracts from methanol and Silver Nanoparticles from the spice. The SEM shows the shapes, dispersion and agglomeration of the sample, while the EDX confirms the SEM and t...The antioxidant of seeds was carried out using extracts from methanol and Silver Nanoparticles from the spice. The SEM shows the shapes, dispersion and agglomeration of the sample, while the EDX confirms the SEM and the presence of some compounds. The FT-IR reveals the AgNP<sub>s</sub> capping and reducing the particular biomolecule from the functional group for identification. Compounds found in the FT-IR seeds of Capsicum annum are Ag L (Silver iodide), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol). Monodora myristica are Mo L (Molybdenum), Ag L (Silver iodide), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol), Mg K (Magnesium). Piper guineense are Ag L (Silver iodide), Ci K (Potassium chloride), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol). The seeds show that the AgNP<sub>S</sub> of CA and MM has a better antioxidant activity than the methanol of CA and MM, while the PG methanol has a better activity than the AgNP<sub>S</sub> PG. The control (Catechin and Galic acid) has a slight overall better DPPH activity than the AgNP<sub>S</sub>. It is important to note that there is a concentration dependency in CA, MM AgNP<sub>S,</sub> PG methanol respectively. Notably, at CA methanol, the conc. at 125 was higher than the conc. at 250. Hence, there is need to create a great part in using plant samples for making tabulated or capsulated drugs for treatment of diseases and using plant silver nanoparticles to develop a healthy food/drug preservative package material “smart packaging” that will enhance shelf-life.展开更多
The effect of copper concentration on the performance of the catalytic reaction between silicon and methyl chloride was investigated using online gas chromatogram. The catalyst concentration greatly influences various...The effect of copper concentration on the performance of the catalytic reaction between silicon and methyl chloride was investigated using online gas chromatogram. The catalyst concentration greatly influences various aspects of the direct organosilane synthesis process, including the reaction rate, the selec- tivity, and the silicon conversion. The reaction activity and the silicon conversion increase as the catalyst concentration increases. However, the reaction selectivity decreases for the catalyst concentrations more .than 9 wt.%. The cross-sections of deactivated contact mass particles were observed by optical microscopy and analyzed by scanning electron microscope combined with energy dispersive X-ray detector （SEM-EDX） The observations showed that a textured substance formed on the original flat surface of the silicon particles after deactivation with copper only in a shallow surface layer of the contact mass. This indicates that the copper diffusion is the rate limiting step which causes the reaction deactivation.展开更多
基金Project (No. 2011DFA72730-202) supported by the Research Project of US-China Clean Energy Research Center
文摘To determine the ash characteristics during fluidized bed combustion and gasification purposes, the investigation of the impacts of chemical composition of Jincheng coal ash on the sintering temperature was conducted. A series of experiments on the sintering behavior at 0.5 MPa was performed using the pressurized pressure-drop technique in the combustion and gasification atmospheres. Meanwhile, the mineral transformations of sintered ash pellets were observed using X-ray diffractometer （XRD） analyzer to better understand the experimental results. In addition, quantitative XRD and field emission scanning electron microscope/energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer （FE-SEM/EDS） analyses of ash samples were used for clarifying the detailed ash melting mechanism. These results show that the addition of Fe203 can obviously reduce the sintering temperatures under gasification atmospheres, and only affect a little the sintering temperature under combustion atmosphere. This may be due to the presence of iron-bearing minerals, which will react with other ash compositions to produce low-melting-point eutectics. The FE-SEM/EDS analyses of ash samples with Fe203 additive show consistent results with the XRD measurements. The CaO and Na20 can reduce the sintering temperatures under both the combustion and gasification atmospheres. This can be also contributed to the formation of low-melting-point eutectics, decreasing the sintering temperature. Moreover, the fluxing minerals, such as magnetite, anhydrite, muscovite, albite and nepheline, contribute mostly to the reduction of the sintering temperature while the feldspar minerals, such as anorthite, gehlenite and sanidine, can react with other minerals to produce low-melting-point eutectics, and thereby reduce the sintering temperatures.
文摘Greener synthesis of nanoparticle is a revolutionizing area in research field.Biological method of reduction of metal ions is often preferred because they are clean,safe,biocompatible,and environmentally acceptable than physical,chemical,and mechanical methods.The wet biomass of Aspergillus terreus（A.terreus） was utilized for the intracellular synthesis of gold nanoparticles.Gold nanoparticles were produced when an aqueous solution of chloroauric acid was reduced by A.terreus biomass as the reducing agent.Production of gold nanoparticles was confirmed by the color change of biomass from yellow to pinkish violet.The produced nanoparticles were then characterized by FT-IR,SEM,EDS,and XRD.The SEM images revealed that the nanoparticles were spherical,irregularly shaped with no definite morphology.Average size of the biosynthesized gold nanoparticles was 186 nm.The presence of the gold nanoparticle was confirmed by EDS analysis.Crystalline nature of synthesized gold nanoparticle was confirmed by XRD pattern.
文摘The antioxidant of seeds was carried out using extracts from methanol and Silver Nanoparticles from the spice. The SEM shows the shapes, dispersion and agglomeration of the sample, while the EDX confirms the SEM and the presence of some compounds. The FT-IR reveals the AgNP<sub>s</sub> capping and reducing the particular biomolecule from the functional group for identification. Compounds found in the FT-IR seeds of Capsicum annum are Ag L (Silver iodide), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol). Monodora myristica are Mo L (Molybdenum), Ag L (Silver iodide), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol), Mg K (Magnesium). Piper guineense are Ag L (Silver iodide), Ci K (Potassium chloride), C K (Cyanogen chloride), P K (Phenol). The seeds show that the AgNP<sub>S</sub> of CA and MM has a better antioxidant activity than the methanol of CA and MM, while the PG methanol has a better activity than the AgNP<sub>S</sub> PG. The control (Catechin and Galic acid) has a slight overall better DPPH activity than the AgNP<sub>S</sub>. It is important to note that there is a concentration dependency in CA, MM AgNP<sub>S,</sub> PG methanol respectively. Notably, at CA methanol, the conc. at 125 was higher than the conc. at 250. Hence, there is need to create a great part in using plant samples for making tabulated or capsulated drugs for treatment of diseases and using plant silver nanoparticles to develop a healthy food/drug preservative package material “smart packaging” that will enhance shelf-life.
文摘The effect of copper concentration on the performance of the catalytic reaction between silicon and methyl chloride was investigated using online gas chromatogram. The catalyst concentration greatly influences various aspects of the direct organosilane synthesis process, including the reaction rate, the selec- tivity, and the silicon conversion. The reaction activity and the silicon conversion increase as the catalyst concentration increases. However, the reaction selectivity decreases for the catalyst concentrations more .than 9 wt.%. The cross-sections of deactivated contact mass particles were observed by optical microscopy and analyzed by scanning electron microscope combined with energy dispersive X-ray detector （SEM-EDX） The observations showed that a textured substance formed on the original flat surface of the silicon particles after deactivation with copper only in a shallow surface layer of the contact mass. This indicates that the copper diffusion is the rate limiting step which causes the reaction deactivation.
