This work aims to understand the process of potential landslide damming using slope failure mechanism,dam dimension and dam stability evaluation. The Urni landslide, situated on the right bank of the Satluj River, Him...This work aims to understand the process of potential landslide damming using slope failure mechanism,dam dimension and dam stability evaluation. The Urni landslide, situated on the right bank of the Satluj River, Himachal Pradesh(India) is taken as the case study. The Urni landslide has evolved into a complex landslide in the last two decade(2000-2016) and has dammed the Satluj River partially since year 2013,damaging ～200 m stretch of the National Highway(NH-05). The crown of the landslide exists at an altitude of ～2180-2190 m above msl, close to the Urni village that has a human population of about 500.The high resolution imagery shows ～50 m long landslide scarp and ～100 m long transverse cracks in the detached mass that implies potential for further slope failure movement. Further analysis shows that the landslide has attained an areal increase of 103,900 ± 1142 m^2 during year 2004-2016. About 86% of this areal increase occurred since year 2013. Abrupt increase in the annual mean rainfall is also observed since the year 2013. The extreme rainfall in the June, 2013; 11 June(～100 mm) and 16 June(～115 mm),are considered to be responsible for the slope failure in the Urni landslide that has partially dammed the river. The finite element modelling(FEM) based slope stability analysis revealed the shear strain in the order of 0.0-0.16 with 0.0-0.6 m total displacement in the detachment zone. Further, kinematic analysis indicated planar and wedge failure condition in the jointed rockmass. The debris flow runout simulation of the detached mass in the landslide showed a velocity of ～25 m/s with a flow height of ～15 m while it(debris flow) reaches the valley floor. Finally, it is also estimated that further slope failure may detach as much as 0.80 ±0.32 million m^3 mass that will completely dam the river to a height of 76±30 m above the river bed.展开更多
Satluj Valley is known to have a history of landslides and related mass movement activities since the geological times. Geological and geomorphological settings combined with anthropogenic activities constitute a prop...Satluj Valley is known to have a history of landslides and related mass movement activities since the geological times. Geological and geomorphological settings combined with anthropogenic activities constitute a propensity towards slope failure. During the last two decades,the area witnessed substantial increase in athropogenic pressure,mainly due to the exploitation of hydropower potential,changing landuse pattern and population growth. In addition,a shift of the climatic patterns in the form of larger area falling under the influence of rains was observed. These natural as well as anthropogenic changes in the area have resulted in increased spatial coverage of landslide in the area. This paper documents these changes during 1990～2006.展开更多
Hydropower if scientifically developed is considered to be one of the clean and non-polluted renewable energy sources.But its impacts always exist on physical and social environment of the area.The present study was c...Hydropower if scientifically developed is considered to be one of the clean and non-polluted renewable energy sources.But its impacts always exist on physical and social environment of the area.The present study was conducted in the River Satluj basin which is well known for its hydropower potential.The main objective of the study was to understand the vulnerability of the Satluj basin and to develop a strategy for the development of hydropower projects.This basin has been facing many problems relating to construction of haphazard development of hydropower projects.This has led multi-hazards like landslides,floods,earthquakes,etc.Here,vulnerability assessment index was assessed quantitatively and qualitatively.Geographical Information System and people’s perception were used to study these aspects in the basin.The parameters considered for vulnerability assessment were slope,slope profile,relative relief,curvature,slope aspect,soil texture,lithology,river morphometry,precipitation,hydroelectric projects,land use and land cover,mass-movement,flood,geological elements and earthquake occurrences.The highest vulnerability was found in the middle zone,and finally on the basis of parameters analyzed;the hydropower’s development strategy was developed.展开更多
The study of drainage patterns in tectonically active regions is conducive to the prediction of regional geomorphology.Subtle subsurface changes can be detected by drainage conditions and manifested in the form of dra...The study of drainage patterns in tectonically active regions is conducive to the prediction of regional geomorphology.Subtle subsurface changes can be detected by drainage conditions and manifested in the form of drainage anomalies.The Satluj valley of Bilaspur,which is traversed by numerous faults in northwest Himalayan region,was selected to analyze the effect of active tectonics on drainage evolution.With the Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(PS-InSAR)technique,SENTINEL-1A data were used to estimate the active surface deformation between September 2015 and December 2020.The results show that the region between Barasar Thrust(BrT)and Main Central Thrust(MCT)is undergoing deformation of±12 mm/yr.The Stream Power Incision Model(SPIM)was used to predict deformation patterns.To validate the tectonic activity generated by the drainage network,seismic bvalues were calculated,indicating the accumulating stresses.This study shows the importance of drainage anomalies in tectonically active areas.When used in close combination with other seismotectonic parameters,drainage anomalies can be effective in delineating tectonically active regions.展开更多
Neotectonic investigations using morphotectonic parameters such as basin asymmetry, drainage anomalies, digital data interpretation and geomorphic field evidences were carried out in Satluj river valley downstream of ...Neotectonic investigations using morphotectonic parameters such as basin asymmetry, drainage anomalies, digital data interpretation and geomorphic field evidences were carried out in Satluj river valley downstream of Khab in the Kaurik Chango Fault (KCF) zone. The study reveals the presence of a northsouth trending fault which is similar to the KCF. Unpaired, tilted terraces, V shaped valleys, deep gorges and lakes are the manifestations of fault movement in the area. Presence of deformation structures preserved in the palaeolake profile at Morang indicates that the area has also been seismically active in the past. In this paper we present a conceptual model of the formation of lakes in KCF zone. Morphometric analysis was carried out with the help of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and field investigations.展开更多
基金the financial help by the Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) through TDP project for debris flow modelling
文摘This work aims to understand the process of potential landslide damming using slope failure mechanism,dam dimension and dam stability evaluation. The Urni landslide, situated on the right bank of the Satluj River, Himachal Pradesh(India) is taken as the case study. The Urni landslide has evolved into a complex landslide in the last two decade(2000-2016) and has dammed the Satluj River partially since year 2013,damaging ～200 m stretch of the National Highway(NH-05). The crown of the landslide exists at an altitude of ～2180-2190 m above msl, close to the Urni village that has a human population of about 500.The high resolution imagery shows ～50 m long landslide scarp and ～100 m long transverse cracks in the detached mass that implies potential for further slope failure movement. Further analysis shows that the landslide has attained an areal increase of 103,900 ± 1142 m^2 during year 2004-2016. About 86% of this areal increase occurred since year 2013. Abrupt increase in the annual mean rainfall is also observed since the year 2013. The extreme rainfall in the June, 2013; 11 June(～100 mm) and 16 June(～115 mm),are considered to be responsible for the slope failure in the Urni landslide that has partially dammed the river. The finite element modelling(FEM) based slope stability analysis revealed the shear strain in the order of 0.0-0.16 with 0.0-0.6 m total displacement in the detachment zone. Further, kinematic analysis indicated planar and wedge failure condition in the jointed rockmass. The debris flow runout simulation of the detached mass in the landslide showed a velocity of ～25 m/s with a flow height of ～15 m while it(debris flow) reaches the valley floor. Finally, it is also estimated that further slope failure may detach as much as 0.80 ±0.32 million m^3 mass that will completely dam the river to a height of 76±30 m above the river bed.
文摘Satluj Valley is known to have a history of landslides and related mass movement activities since the geological times. Geological and geomorphological settings combined with anthropogenic activities constitute a propensity towards slope failure. During the last two decades,the area witnessed substantial increase in athropogenic pressure,mainly due to the exploitation of hydropower potential,changing landuse pattern and population growth. In addition,a shift of the climatic patterns in the form of larger area falling under the influence of rains was observed. These natural as well as anthropogenic changes in the area have resulted in increased spatial coverage of landslide in the area. This paper documents these changes during 1990～2006.
基金the ‘Director, G.B. Pant National Institute of Himalayan Environment and Sustainable Development, Kosi-Katarmal, Almora, Uttarakhand- 263 647, India’ for providing fundthe Inhouse funded project by the Institute titled, ‘Strategic Environmental Assessment of Hydropower Projects in the Indian Himalayan region’
文摘Hydropower if scientifically developed is considered to be one of the clean and non-polluted renewable energy sources.But its impacts always exist on physical and social environment of the area.The present study was conducted in the River Satluj basin which is well known for its hydropower potential.The main objective of the study was to understand the vulnerability of the Satluj basin and to develop a strategy for the development of hydropower projects.This basin has been facing many problems relating to construction of haphazard development of hydropower projects.This has led multi-hazards like landslides,floods,earthquakes,etc.Here,vulnerability assessment index was assessed quantitatively and qualitatively.Geographical Information System and people’s perception were used to study these aspects in the basin.The parameters considered for vulnerability assessment were slope,slope profile,relative relief,curvature,slope aspect,soil texture,lithology,river morphometry,precipitation,hydroelectric projects,land use and land cover,mass-movement,flood,geological elements and earthquake occurrences.The highest vulnerability was found in the middle zone,and finally on the basis of parameters analyzed;the hydropower’s development strategy was developed.
基金Department of Science and Technology(DST)for financial assistance under the DST Women Scientist Scheme(reference no.SR/WOS-A/EA-20/2019(G))Department of Geology,Kumaun University,Nainital for providing work facilitiesMinistry of Earth Science for partial assistance under the AMF mapping program。
文摘The study of drainage patterns in tectonically active regions is conducive to the prediction of regional geomorphology.Subtle subsurface changes can be detected by drainage conditions and manifested in the form of drainage anomalies.The Satluj valley of Bilaspur,which is traversed by numerous faults in northwest Himalayan region,was selected to analyze the effect of active tectonics on drainage evolution.With the Persistent Scatterer Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar(PS-InSAR)technique,SENTINEL-1A data were used to estimate the active surface deformation between September 2015 and December 2020.The results show that the region between Barasar Thrust(BrT)and Main Central Thrust(MCT)is undergoing deformation of±12 mm/yr.The Stream Power Incision Model(SPIM)was used to predict deformation patterns.To validate the tectonic activity generated by the drainage network,seismic bvalues were calculated,indicating the accumulating stresses.This study shows the importance of drainage anomalies in tectonically active areas.When used in close combination with other seismotectonic parameters,drainage anomalies can be effective in delineating tectonically active regions.
文摘Neotectonic investigations using morphotectonic parameters such as basin asymmetry, drainage anomalies, digital data interpretation and geomorphic field evidences were carried out in Satluj river valley downstream of Khab in the Kaurik Chango Fault (KCF) zone. The study reveals the presence of a northsouth trending fault which is similar to the KCF. Unpaired, tilted terraces, V shaped valleys, deep gorges and lakes are the manifestations of fault movement in the area. Presence of deformation structures preserved in the palaeolake profile at Morang indicates that the area has also been seismically active in the past. In this paper we present a conceptual model of the formation of lakes in KCF zone. Morphometric analysis was carried out with the help of Digital Elevation Models (DEMs) and field investigations.
