To explore the mechanisms underlying ocular infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),we conducted a comprehensive review of current literature,focusing on viral entry pathways,receptor ...To explore the mechanisms underlying ocular infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),we conducted a comprehensive review of current literature,focusing on viral entry pathways,receptor expression in ocular tissues,and associated clinical manifestations.This review encompasses studies published within the last five years with a focus on original research and systematic reviews that provide molecular,histological,or clinical evidence.The findings show that SARS-CoV-2 can infect ocular tissues through multiple receptors beyond angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),including transmembrane serine protease 2(TMPRSS2),CD147,alanyl aminopeptidase N(ANPEP),dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP4),angiotensin II receptor type 2(AGTR2),and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor(PIGR),which are expressed in retinal,conjunctival,corneal,limbal,and photoreceptor cells.The virus may also reach ocular structures via neurovascular invasion.Clinically,patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)may present with a broad spectrum of ophthalmic manifestations,including conjunctivitis,hyperreflective lesions in the inner retinal layers,flame-shaped hemorrhages,cottonwool spots,retinal pallor,hard exudates,and various forms of maculopathy,such as paracentral acute middle maculopathy and acute macular neuroretinopathy(AMN).These signs reflect both direct viral damage and secondary effects of systemic inflammation and microvascular injury.Understanding the molecular and clinical spectrum of ocular involvement is essential for early diagnosis,appropriate ophthalmologic care,and the prevention of long-term visual sequelae in patients affected by COVID-19.展开更多
目的本研究旨在评估基于新冠病毒原始毒株与奥密克戎(Omicron)变异株开发的SARS-CoV-2抗体检测试剂,在未接种疫苗的艾滋病病毒感染者(people living with HIV,PLWH)感染Omicron变异株后的检测性能。方法本研究招募了45名未接种新冠疫苗...目的本研究旨在评估基于新冠病毒原始毒株与奥密克戎(Omicron)变异株开发的SARS-CoV-2抗体检测试剂,在未接种疫苗的艾滋病病毒感染者(people living with HIV,PLWH)感染Omicron变异株后的检测性能。方法本研究招募了45名未接种新冠疫苗、首次感染Omicron BA.5毒株的PLWH,并在4个月后进行随访。使用八种针对原始毒株和两种针对Omicron毒株的抗体试剂检测抗体水平,并以针对原始毒株(wild-type,WT)、BA.4/5和XBB.1.5的假病毒中和实验为金标准,使用McNemar与Kappa检验定性结果的一致性,使用斯皮尔曼(Spearman)相关性分析定量结果的相关性。结果原始毒株抗体试剂与WT中和抗体(neutralizing antibody,nAb)的一致性最高(κ值最高为0.483),与Omicron-nAb的一致性明显较低。在定量分析中,原始毒株抗体试剂与WT-nAb呈强相关(r_(s)=0.69~0.85),而与BA.4/5(r_(s)=0.40~0.57)和XBB.1.5(r_(s)=0.43~0.63)-nAb的相关性较弱。二次感染后,原始毒株抗体试剂与Omicron-nAb之间的相关性有所提升。Omicron特异性抗体试剂与Omicron-nAb的95%一致性界限更窄。结论在未接种疫苗的PLWH中,原始毒株抗体试剂对Omicron感染后的免疫应答检测存在局限性,研究结果支持开发和应用变异株特异性抗体试剂,以实现更准确的免疫监测和评估。展开更多
目的评价原型株SARS-CoV-2灭活疫苗免疫BALB/c小鼠后对Delta株病毒的体液及细胞免疫效果,为现有疫苗对变异株的保护效果评价以及研发更加安全有效的疫苗提供参考。方法将SARS-CoV-2灭活疫苗经腹腔免疫雌性BALB/c小鼠2次,间隔14 d,以免疫...目的评价原型株SARS-CoV-2灭活疫苗免疫BALB/c小鼠后对Delta株病毒的体液及细胞免疫效果,为现有疫苗对变异株的保护效果评价以及研发更加安全有效的疫苗提供参考。方法将SARS-CoV-2灭活疫苗经腹腔免疫雌性BALB/c小鼠2次,间隔14 d,以免疫PBS作为对照,每组10只。初次免疫后第7、14、21、28、35和42天采集血清,间接ELISA法检测血清中针对Delta株病毒S和N蛋白的结合抗体效价,微量中和试验检测针对Delta株病毒的中和抗体效价。初次免疫后第42天,取小鼠脾脏,进行Elispot检测,评价细胞免疫水平。结果初次免疫后第7天即可检测到S蛋白结合抗体,加强免疫后抗体效价进一步升高,至第21天抗体几何平均滴度(geometric mean titer,GMT)为89144;而初次免疫后N蛋白结合抗体水平较低,加强免疫后迅速升高,与S蛋白抗体水平相当。初次免疫后第7、14天小鼠中和抗体阳转数为4/10和8/10,加强免疫后全部小鼠抗体阳转,中和抗体GMT达391。初次免疫后第42天,疫苗组IFNγ和IL-2平均斑点数均显著高于对照组(t分别为8.094和13.08,P均<0.0001)。结论SARS-CoV-2灭活疫苗2次免疫能够有效刺激小鼠产生针对Delta株病毒的体液免疫和细胞免疫。展开更多
文摘To explore the mechanisms underlying ocular infection by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2),we conducted a comprehensive review of current literature,focusing on viral entry pathways,receptor expression in ocular tissues,and associated clinical manifestations.This review encompasses studies published within the last five years with a focus on original research and systematic reviews that provide molecular,histological,or clinical evidence.The findings show that SARS-CoV-2 can infect ocular tissues through multiple receptors beyond angiotensin-converting enzyme 2(ACE2),including transmembrane serine protease 2(TMPRSS2),CD147,alanyl aminopeptidase N(ANPEP),dipeptidyl peptidase 4(DPP4),angiotensin II receptor type 2(AGTR2),and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor(PIGR),which are expressed in retinal,conjunctival,corneal,limbal,and photoreceptor cells.The virus may also reach ocular structures via neurovascular invasion.Clinically,patients with coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)may present with a broad spectrum of ophthalmic manifestations,including conjunctivitis,hyperreflective lesions in the inner retinal layers,flame-shaped hemorrhages,cottonwool spots,retinal pallor,hard exudates,and various forms of maculopathy,such as paracentral acute middle maculopathy and acute macular neuroretinopathy(AMN).These signs reflect both direct viral damage and secondary effects of systemic inflammation and microvascular injury.Understanding the molecular and clinical spectrum of ocular involvement is essential for early diagnosis,appropriate ophthalmologic care,and the prevention of long-term visual sequelae in patients affected by COVID-19.
文摘目的本研究旨在评估基于新冠病毒原始毒株与奥密克戎(Omicron)变异株开发的SARS-CoV-2抗体检测试剂,在未接种疫苗的艾滋病病毒感染者(people living with HIV,PLWH)感染Omicron变异株后的检测性能。方法本研究招募了45名未接种新冠疫苗、首次感染Omicron BA.5毒株的PLWH,并在4个月后进行随访。使用八种针对原始毒株和两种针对Omicron毒株的抗体试剂检测抗体水平,并以针对原始毒株(wild-type,WT)、BA.4/5和XBB.1.5的假病毒中和实验为金标准,使用McNemar与Kappa检验定性结果的一致性,使用斯皮尔曼(Spearman)相关性分析定量结果的相关性。结果原始毒株抗体试剂与WT中和抗体(neutralizing antibody,nAb)的一致性最高(κ值最高为0.483),与Omicron-nAb的一致性明显较低。在定量分析中,原始毒株抗体试剂与WT-nAb呈强相关(r_(s)=0.69~0.85),而与BA.4/5(r_(s)=0.40~0.57)和XBB.1.5(r_(s)=0.43~0.63)-nAb的相关性较弱。二次感染后,原始毒株抗体试剂与Omicron-nAb之间的相关性有所提升。Omicron特异性抗体试剂与Omicron-nAb的95%一致性界限更窄。结论在未接种疫苗的PLWH中,原始毒株抗体试剂对Omicron感染后的免疫应答检测存在局限性,研究结果支持开发和应用变异株特异性抗体试剂,以实现更准确的免疫监测和评估。
文摘目的评价原型株SARS-CoV-2灭活疫苗免疫BALB/c小鼠后对Delta株病毒的体液及细胞免疫效果,为现有疫苗对变异株的保护效果评价以及研发更加安全有效的疫苗提供参考。方法将SARS-CoV-2灭活疫苗经腹腔免疫雌性BALB/c小鼠2次,间隔14 d,以免疫PBS作为对照,每组10只。初次免疫后第7、14、21、28、35和42天采集血清,间接ELISA法检测血清中针对Delta株病毒S和N蛋白的结合抗体效价,微量中和试验检测针对Delta株病毒的中和抗体效价。初次免疫后第42天,取小鼠脾脏,进行Elispot检测,评价细胞免疫水平。结果初次免疫后第7天即可检测到S蛋白结合抗体,加强免疫后抗体效价进一步升高,至第21天抗体几何平均滴度(geometric mean titer,GMT)为89144;而初次免疫后N蛋白结合抗体水平较低,加强免疫后迅速升高,与S蛋白抗体水平相当。初次免疫后第7、14天小鼠中和抗体阳转数为4/10和8/10,加强免疫后全部小鼠抗体阳转,中和抗体GMT达391。初次免疫后第42天,疫苗组IFNγ和IL-2平均斑点数均显著高于对照组(t分别为8.094和13.08,P均<0.0001)。结论SARS-CoV-2灭活疫苗2次免疫能够有效刺激小鼠产生针对Delta株病毒的体液免疫和细胞免疫。
