The fatigue life for components can be predicted by the plot method which is easy and convenient in engineering. Based on the usual fatigue life prediction formula, a new formula for estimating the low stress and hig...The fatigue life for components can be predicted by the plot method which is easy and convenient in engineering. Based on the usual fatigue life prediction formula, a new formula for estimating the low stress and high cycle fatigue life is proposed and deduced, which has adopted more accurate SN curve relationship——WeibullSN curve formula. The solution of the new formula is given, too. In addition, an example has been calculated and proved in practice. The results of the new formula and the old one are given and compared.展开更多
According to the factors that confirm the shape of surface, it is classified into two categories： arc surface and curve surface The method to confirm the category of surfaces and the plotting methods are discussed in...According to the factors that confirm the shape of surface, it is classified into two categories： arc surface and curve surface The method to confirm the category of surfaces and the plotting methods are discussed in this paper, which provide guidance for parts plotting.展开更多
Intrinsic viscosities for a given polyelectrolyte in salt free and low-salt solvents reported in literatures are normally not comparable, because of inadequate valuation procedures. This article describes a theoretica...Intrinsic viscosities for a given polyelectrolyte in salt free and low-salt solvents reported in literatures are normally not comparable, because of inadequate valuation procedures. This article describes a theoretically justified reliable method, which is free of any model assumptions： The so called Wolf plot （logarithm of the relative viscosity as a function of polymer concentration） enables the unequivocal determination of intrinsic viscosities for all kinds of macromolecules, irrespective of whether they are chain molecules of different architecture or globular polymers, whether they are charged or uncharged. The validation of the method was examined by evaluation of the viscosities of a polyelectrolyte, some uncharged polymers of different architectures, uncharged polymer blends, and some literature data.展开更多
Three individual peaks of thermal solid-state reaction processes of the synthesized Mn0.90Co0.05Mg0.05HPO4?3H2O were observed corresponding to dehydration I,dehydration II and polycondensation processes.An alternative...Three individual peaks of thermal solid-state reaction processes of the synthesized Mn0.90Co0.05Mg0.05HPO4?3H2O were observed corresponding to dehydration I,dehydration II and polycondensation processes.An alternative method for the calculation of the extent of conversion was proposed from the peak area of the individual DTG peak after applying the best fitting deconvolution function(Frazer–Suzuki function).An iterative integral isoconversional equation was used to compute the values of the apparent activation energy Eαand they were found to be 65.87,78.16 and 119.32 kJ/mol for three peaks,respectively.Each individual peak was guaranteed to be a single-step kinetic system with its unique kinetic parameters.The reaction mechanism functions were selected by the comparison between experimental and model plots.The results show that the first,second and final individual peaks were two-dimensional diffusion of spherical symmetry(D2),three-dimensional diffusion of spherical symmetry(D3)and contracting cylinder(cylindrical symmetry,R2)mechanisms.Pre-exponential factor values of 3.91×106,1.35×107 and 2.15×107 s?1 were calculated from the Eαvalues and reaction mechanisms.The corresponded standard thermodynamic functions of the transition-state(activated)complexes were determined and found to agree well with the experimental data.展开更多
Mahalanobis-Taguchi system(MTS)is a kind of data mining and pattern recognition method which can identify the attribute characteristics of multidimensional data by constructing Mahalanobis distance(MD)measurement scal...Mahalanobis-Taguchi system(MTS)is a kind of data mining and pattern recognition method which can identify the attribute characteristics of multidimensional data by constructing Mahalanobis distance(MD)measurement scale.In this paper,considering the influence of irregular distribution of the sample data and abnormal variation of the normal data on accuracy of MTS,a feature recognition and selection model of the equipment state based on the improved MTS is proposed,and two aspects of the model namely construction of the original Mahalanobis space(MS)and determination of the threshold are studied.Firstly,the original training sample space is statistically controlled by the X-bar-S control chart,and extreme data of the single characteristic attribute is filtered to reduce the impact of extreme condition on the accuracy of the model,so as to construct a more robust MS.Furthermore,the box plot method is used to determine the threshold of the model.And the stability of the model and the tolerance to the extreme condition are improved by leaving sufficient range of the variation for the extreme condition which is identified as in the normal range.Finally,the improved model is compared with the traditional one based on the unimproved MTS by using the data from the literature.The result shows that compared with the traditional model,the accuracy and sensitivity of the improved model for state identification can be greatly enhanced.展开更多
Data from vegetation succession study is usually a matrix of plot × species × time.It is difficult to analyse this kind of data at present.A simple technique,clustercentering ordination is described in this ...Data from vegetation succession study is usually a matrix of plot × species × time.It is difficult to analyse this kind of data at present.A simple technique,clustercentering ordination is described in this paper,which can be used to analyse such a matrix directly.The data of 5 permanent plots in 7 years of inlands and grasslands in Kootwijki,the Netherlands,is analysed using this method as an application example.The results obviously illustrate the trend,direction and speedof community succession and can be easily interbrated.This suggests that clustercentering ordination is an effective and time-saving technique in study of vegetation succession.展开更多
Although many sensitivity analyses using the soil and water assessment tool(SWAT) in a complex watershed have been conducted, little attention has been paid to the application potential of the model in unique plots. I...Although many sensitivity analyses using the soil and water assessment tool(SWAT) in a complex watershed have been conducted, little attention has been paid to the application potential of the model in unique plots. In addition, sensitivity analysis of percolation and evapotranspiration with SWAT has seldom been undertaken. In this study, SWAT99.2 was calibrated to simulate water balance components for unique plots in Southern China from 2000 to 2001, which included surface runoff, percolation, and evapotranspiration. Twenty-one parameters classified into four categories, including meteorological conditions, topographical characteristics, soil properties, and vegetation attributes, were used for sensitivity analysis through one-at-a-time(OAT) sampling to identify the factor that contributed most to the variance in water balance components. The results were shown to be different for different plots, with parameter sensitivity indices and ranks varying for different water balance components. Water balance components in the broad-leaved forest and natural grass plots were most sensitive to meteorological conditions, less sensitive to vegetation attributes and soil properties, and least sensitive to topographical characteristics. Compared to those in the natural grass plot, water balance components in the broad-leaved forest plot demonstrated higher sensitivity to the maximum stomatal conductance(GSI) and maximum leaf area index(BLAI).展开更多
文摘The fatigue life for components can be predicted by the plot method which is easy and convenient in engineering. Based on the usual fatigue life prediction formula, a new formula for estimating the low stress and high cycle fatigue life is proposed and deduced, which has adopted more accurate SN curve relationship——WeibullSN curve formula. The solution of the new formula is given, too. In addition, an example has been calculated and proved in practice. The results of the new formula and the old one are given and compared.
文摘According to the factors that confirm the shape of surface, it is classified into two categories： arc surface and curve surface The method to confirm the category of surfaces and the plotting methods are discussed in this paper, which provide guidance for parts plotting.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51273166)the National Basic Research Program of China(No.2010CB732203)the Scientific and Technological Innovation Platform of Fujian Province of China(No.2009J1009)
文摘Intrinsic viscosities for a given polyelectrolyte in salt free and low-salt solvents reported in literatures are normally not comparable, because of inadequate valuation procedures. This article describes a theoretically justified reliable method, which is free of any model assumptions： The so called Wolf plot （logarithm of the relative viscosity as a function of polymer concentration） enables the unequivocal determination of intrinsic viscosities for all kinds of macromolecules, irrespective of whether they are chain molecules of different architecture or globular polymers, whether they are charged or uncharged. The validation of the method was examined by evaluation of the viscosities of a polyelectrolyte, some uncharged polymers of different architectures, uncharged polymer blends, and some literature data.
基金supported by King Mongkut’s Institute of Technology Ladkrabang [KREF146001]
文摘Three individual peaks of thermal solid-state reaction processes of the synthesized Mn0.90Co0.05Mg0.05HPO4?3H2O were observed corresponding to dehydration I,dehydration II and polycondensation processes.An alternative method for the calculation of the extent of conversion was proposed from the peak area of the individual DTG peak after applying the best fitting deconvolution function(Frazer–Suzuki function).An iterative integral isoconversional equation was used to compute the values of the apparent activation energy Eαand they were found to be 65.87,78.16 and 119.32 kJ/mol for three peaks,respectively.Each individual peak was guaranteed to be a single-step kinetic system with its unique kinetic parameters.The reaction mechanism functions were selected by the comparison between experimental and model plots.The results show that the first,second and final individual peaks were two-dimensional diffusion of spherical symmetry(D2),three-dimensional diffusion of spherical symmetry(D3)and contracting cylinder(cylindrical symmetry,R2)mechanisms.Pre-exponential factor values of 3.91×106,1.35×107 and 2.15×107 s?1 were calculated from the Eαvalues and reaction mechanisms.The corresponded standard thermodynamic functions of the transition-state(activated)complexes were determined and found to agree well with the experimental data.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71401016)the Shaanxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.2019JM-495)the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Universities of Chang'an University(Nos.300102228110 and 300102228402)。
文摘Mahalanobis-Taguchi system(MTS)is a kind of data mining and pattern recognition method which can identify the attribute characteristics of multidimensional data by constructing Mahalanobis distance(MD)measurement scale.In this paper,considering the influence of irregular distribution of the sample data and abnormal variation of the normal data on accuracy of MTS,a feature recognition and selection model of the equipment state based on the improved MTS is proposed,and two aspects of the model namely construction of the original Mahalanobis space(MS)and determination of the threshold are studied.Firstly,the original training sample space is statistically controlled by the X-bar-S control chart,and extreme data of the single characteristic attribute is filtered to reduce the impact of extreme condition on the accuracy of the model,so as to construct a more robust MS.Furthermore,the box plot method is used to determine the threshold of the model.And the stability of the model and the tolerance to the extreme condition are improved by leaving sufficient range of the variation for the extreme condition which is identified as in the normal range.Finally,the improved model is compared with the traditional one based on the unimproved MTS by using the data from the literature.The result shows that compared with the traditional model,the accuracy and sensitivity of the improved model for state identification can be greatly enhanced.
文摘Data from vegetation succession study is usually a matrix of plot × species × time.It is difficult to analyse this kind of data at present.A simple technique,clustercentering ordination is described in this paper,which can be used to analyse such a matrix directly.The data of 5 permanent plots in 7 years of inlands and grasslands in Kootwijki,the Netherlands,is analysed using this method as an application example.The results obviously illustrate the trend,direction and speedof community succession and can be easily interbrated.This suggests that clustercentering ordination is an effective and time-saving technique in study of vegetation succession.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.51569007 and 41301289)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangxi Province,China(Grant No.2015GXNSFCA139004)+1 种基金the Fund of the IRCK by UNESCO(Grant No.KDL201601)the Project of High Level Innovation Team and Outstanding Scholar in Guangxi Colleges and Universities(Grant No.002401013001)
文摘Although many sensitivity analyses using the soil and water assessment tool(SWAT) in a complex watershed have been conducted, little attention has been paid to the application potential of the model in unique plots. In addition, sensitivity analysis of percolation and evapotranspiration with SWAT has seldom been undertaken. In this study, SWAT99.2 was calibrated to simulate water balance components for unique plots in Southern China from 2000 to 2001, which included surface runoff, percolation, and evapotranspiration. Twenty-one parameters classified into four categories, including meteorological conditions, topographical characteristics, soil properties, and vegetation attributes, were used for sensitivity analysis through one-at-a-time(OAT) sampling to identify the factor that contributed most to the variance in water balance components. The results were shown to be different for different plots, with parameter sensitivity indices and ranks varying for different water balance components. Water balance components in the broad-leaved forest and natural grass plots were most sensitive to meteorological conditions, less sensitive to vegetation attributes and soil properties, and least sensitive to topographical characteristics. Compared to those in the natural grass plot, water balance components in the broad-leaved forest plot demonstrated higher sensitivity to the maximum stomatal conductance(GSI) and maximum leaf area index(BLAI).
