In order to satisfy the safety-critical requirements,the train control system(TCS) often employs a layered safety communication protocol to provide reliable services.However,both description and verification of the sa...In order to satisfy the safety-critical requirements,the train control system(TCS) often employs a layered safety communication protocol to provide reliable services.However,both description and verification of the safety protocols may be formidable due to the system complexity.In this paper,interface automata(IA) are used to describe the safety service interface behaviors of safety communication protocol.A formal verification method is proposed to describe the safety communication protocols using IA and translate IA model into PROMELA model so that the protocols can be verified by the model checker SPIN.A case study of using this method to describe and verify a safety communication protocol is included.The verification results illustrate that the proposed method is effective to describe the safety protocols and verify deadlocks,livelocks and several mandatory consistency properties.A prototype of safety protocols is also developed based on the presented formally verifying method.展开更多
Waste management is one of urgent challenges in the world. In rapidly growing cities of developing countries like Accura, Ghana, waste collection is done without sufficient protection of workers. This situation became...Waste management is one of urgent challenges in the world. In rapidly growing cities of developing countries like Accura, Ghana, waste collection is done without sufficient protection of workers. This situation became worse when the COVID-19 pandemic began to threaten the health and safety of waste collection workers. This paper aims to examine waste management workers’ safety concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana. To better understand waste management workers’ safety concerns during the pandemic, we used the questionnaire survey. Our questionnaire survey was conducted among 60 waste management workers in Accra, the capital city of Ghana. The study then discusses how municipal waste management authorities can ensure safety of waste management workers during the pandemic. Our results showed that 58% of the respondents were worried about the COVID-19 pandemic, while 20% were not even sure of the existence of the Covid-19 pandemic. Besides their worry, we also found that about 40% of the respondents had access to face masks/shields at their workplace, and 30% had hand sanitizers. This paper highlights that providing more advanced safety protocols in terms of workers daily operations and safety measures will enable a safe working environment for the workers even in terms of future pandemics.展开更多
基金supported by the New Century Excellent Researcher Award Program from Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. NCET-07-0059)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (Grant No.2011YJS006)+1 种基金the National High Technology Research and DevelopmentProgram of China ("863" Program) (Grant No. 2011AA010104)the State Key Laboratory of Rail Traffic Control and Safety Research Project(Grant Nos. RCS2008ZZ001, RCS2008ZZ005)
文摘In order to satisfy the safety-critical requirements,the train control system(TCS) often employs a layered safety communication protocol to provide reliable services.However,both description and verification of the safety protocols may be formidable due to the system complexity.In this paper,interface automata(IA) are used to describe the safety service interface behaviors of safety communication protocol.A formal verification method is proposed to describe the safety communication protocols using IA and translate IA model into PROMELA model so that the protocols can be verified by the model checker SPIN.A case study of using this method to describe and verify a safety communication protocol is included.The verification results illustrate that the proposed method is effective to describe the safety protocols and verify deadlocks,livelocks and several mandatory consistency properties.A prototype of safety protocols is also developed based on the presented formally verifying method.
文摘Waste management is one of urgent challenges in the world. In rapidly growing cities of developing countries like Accura, Ghana, waste collection is done without sufficient protection of workers. This situation became worse when the COVID-19 pandemic began to threaten the health and safety of waste collection workers. This paper aims to examine waste management workers’ safety concerns during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ghana. To better understand waste management workers’ safety concerns during the pandemic, we used the questionnaire survey. Our questionnaire survey was conducted among 60 waste management workers in Accra, the capital city of Ghana. The study then discusses how municipal waste management authorities can ensure safety of waste management workers during the pandemic. Our results showed that 58% of the respondents were worried about the COVID-19 pandemic, while 20% were not even sure of the existence of the Covid-19 pandemic. Besides their worry, we also found that about 40% of the respondents had access to face masks/shields at their workplace, and 30% had hand sanitizers. This paper highlights that providing more advanced safety protocols in terms of workers daily operations and safety measures will enable a safe working environment for the workers even in terms of future pandemics.
