Many years experience of the operation of high stress(>72%specified minimum yield strength,SMYS)gas pipelines and statistical analysis results of pipeline incidents showed that the operating pipelines at stress lev...Many years experience of the operation of high stress(>72%specified minimum yield strength,SMYS)gas pipelines and statistical analysis results of pipeline incidents showed that the operating pipelines at stress levels over 72%SMYS have not presented problems in USA and Canada,and design factor does not control incidents or the safety of pipelines.Enhancing pipeline safety management level is most important for decreasing incident rate.The application history of higher design factors in the U.S and Canada was reviewed.And the effect of higher factors to the critical flaw size,puncture resistance,change of reliability with time,risk level and the arrest toughness requirements of pipeline were analyzed here.The comparison of pipeline failure rates and risk levels between two design factors(0.72 and 0.8)has shown that a change in design factor from 0.72 to 0.8 would bring little effect on failure rates and risk levels.On the basis of the analysis result,the application feasibility of design factor of 0.8 in China was discussed and the related suggestions were proposed.When an operator wishes to apply design factor 0.8 to gas pipeline,the following process is recommended:stress level of line pipe hydro test should be up to 100%SMYS,reliability and risk assessment at the design feasibility or conceptual stage should be conducted,Charpy impact energy should meet the need of pipeline crack arrest;and establish and execute risk based integrity management plan.The technology of pipeline steel metallurgy,line pipe fabrication and pipeline construction,and line pipe quality control level in China achieved tremendous progresses,and line pipe product standards and property indexes have come up to international advanced level.Furthermore,pipeline safety management has improved greatly in China.Consequently,the research for the feasibility of application of design factor of 0.8 in China has fundamental basis.展开更多
Due to the non-standardization and complexity of the farmland environment,it is always a huge challenge for tractors to achieve fully autonomy(work at Self-driving mode)all the time in agricultural industry.Whereas,wh...Due to the non-standardization and complexity of the farmland environment,it is always a huge challenge for tractors to achieve fully autonomy(work at Self-driving mode)all the time in agricultural industry.Whereas,when tractors work in the Tele-driving(or Remote driving)mode,the operators are prone to fatigue because they need to concentrate for long periods of time.In response to these,a dual-mode control strategy was proposed to integrate the advantages of both approaches,i.e.,by combing Self-driving at most of the time with Tele-driving under special(complex and hazardous)conditions through switching control method.First,the state switcher was proposed,which is used for smooth switching the driving modes according to different working states of a tractor.Then,the state switching control law and the corresponding subsystem tracking controllers were designed.Finally,the effectiveness and superiority of the dualmode control method were evaluated via actual experimental testing of a tractor whose results show that the proposed control method can switch smoothly,stably,and efficiently between the two driving modes automatically.The average control accuracy has been improved by 20%and 15%respectively,compared to the conventional Tele-driving control and Self-driving control with low-precision navigation.In conclusion,the proposed dualmode control method can not only satisfy the operation in the complex and changeable farmland environment,but also free drivers from high-intensity and fatiguing work.This provides a perfect application solution and theoretical support for the intelligentization of unmanned farm agricultural machinery with high safety and reliability.展开更多
This paper introduces the Integrated Security Embedded Resilience Architecture (ISERA) as an advanced resilience mechanism for Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Operational Technology (OT) environments. The ISERA f...This paper introduces the Integrated Security Embedded Resilience Architecture (ISERA) as an advanced resilience mechanism for Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Operational Technology (OT) environments. The ISERA framework integrates security by design principles, micro-segmentation, and Island Mode Operation (IMO) to enhance cyber resilience and ensure continuous, secure operations. The methodology deploys a Forward-Thinking Architecture Strategy (FTAS) algorithm, which utilises an industrial Intrusion Detection System (IDS) implemented with Python’s Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) library. The FTAS algorithm successfully identified and responded to cyber-attacks, ensuring minimal system disruption. ISERA has been validated through comprehensive testing scenarios simulating Denial of Service (DoS) attacks and malware intrusions, at both the IT and OT layers where it successfully mitigates the impact of malicious activity. Results demonstrate ISERA’s efficacy in real-time threat detection, containment, and incident response, thus ensuring the integrity and reliability of critical infrastructure systems. ISERA’s decentralised approach contributes to global net zero goals by optimising resource use and minimising environmental impact. By adopting a decentralised control architecture and leveraging virtualisation, ISERA significantly enhances the cyber resilience and sustainability of critical infrastructure systems. This approach not only strengthens defences against evolving cyber threats but also optimises resource allocation, reducing the system’s carbon footprint. As a result, ISERA ensures the uninterrupted operation of essential services while contributing to broader net zero goals.展开更多
1. Introduction Prognostics, known as ‘Remaining Useful Life(RUL) prediction', plays a crucial role in health management of critical systems, which is vital for maintaining the operating safety and reliability, a...1. Introduction Prognostics, known as ‘Remaining Useful Life(RUL) prediction', plays a crucial role in health management of critical systems, which is vital for maintaining the operating safety and reliability, and reducing the management costs.1Here, the RUL is usually defined as the length from the current time to the end of the useful life.展开更多
In the aerospace field, residual stress directly affects the strength, fatigue life and dimensional stability of thin-walled structural components, and is a key factor to ensure flight safety and reliability. At prese...In the aerospace field, residual stress directly affects the strength, fatigue life and dimensional stability of thin-walled structural components, and is a key factor to ensure flight safety and reliability. At present, research on residual stress at home and abroad mainly focuses on the optimization of traditional detection technology, stress control of manufacturing process and service performance evaluation, among which research on residual stress detection methods mainly focuses on the improvement of the accuracy, sensitivity, reliability and other performance of existing detection methods, but it still faces many challenges such as extremely small detection range, low efficiency, large error and limited application range.展开更多
In order to give a new way for modeling driving behavior, identifying road traffic accident causation and solving a variety of road traffic safety problems such as driving errors prevention and driving behavior analys...In order to give a new way for modeling driving behavior, identifying road traffic accident causation and solving a variety of road traffic safety problems such as driving errors prevention and driving behavior analysis, a new driving behavior shaping model is proposed, which could be used to assess the degree of effect of driving error upon road traffic safety. Driver behavior shaping model based on driving reliability and safety analysis could be used to identify the road traffic accident causation, to supply data for driver's behavior training, to evaluate driving procedures, to human factor design of road traffic system.展开更多
Based on the basic content of advanced technology,safety and reliability, and economic reasonability and the definition of mine ventilation system, 16 assessment indexes of ventilation system are put forward from the ...Based on the basic content of advanced technology,safety and reliability, and economic reasonability and the definition of mine ventilation system, 16 assessment indexes of ventilation system are put forward from the point of 8 aspects such as mine ventilation power, ventilation network, ventilation equipments, ventilation quality, ventilation monitoring, capacity of preventing and fighting disaster, ventilation consumption of power, and the capacity of ventila- tion system. A new assessment index system is put forward and has a good effect after being applied in coal mines.展开更多
The objective of this study is to provide a case study of informetric and bibliometric analysis,by building up a profile for the journal of Reliability Engineering&System Safety in the 21st century,based on the da...The objective of this study is to provide a case study of informetric and bibliometric analysis,by building up a profile for the journal of Reliability Engineering&System Safety in the 21st century,based on the data collected in Web of Science and the tool of VOSViewer.4821 articles published in the journal in 2001-2021 have been adopted as the dataset.The keywords of these articles are analyzed and clustered,the main applications of these studies are identified,and the temporal development trend of the topics are discussed.The most productive countries/regions,institutions and individual researchers for the journal are presented and the collaboration relationships at the national and institutional levels are investigated and visualized.Distribution of author genders is surveyed based on a sample.Then,the citation situation of articles in the journal is analyzed,and the potential impact factors on citations,including number of authors,number of participating institutions and countries/regions,number of references,and topics are studied.Finally,evidence on whether open access can influence citations of articles is provided.Readers of this article are expected to understand more about how bibliometric analysis support journal analysis and development analysis in a certain domain.展开更多
With the gradual development of smart power plants and large-scale centralized control,there is a need to exchange a large number of signals between different DCS systems and between DCS and PLC systems.Different cont...With the gradual development of smart power plants and large-scale centralized control,there is a need to exchange a large number of signals between different DCS systems and between DCS and PLC systems.Different control systems have different brands and cannot communicate directly via networks.Moreover,due to network security concerns,the main control of unit units and the auxiliary control system of the entire plant cannot communicate directly via networks either.The commonly adopted methods for signal exchange between control systems are hardwiring and 485 communications.Both have obvious drawbacks,where hardwiring requires a large number of channels and cable laying;485 configuration is difficult,not easy to maintain,and faults are hard to locate.This paper studies how to strike a balance between the two,using a minimal amount of hardwiring to transmit a large number of signals,which is safe,reliable,cost-effective,and can be maintained by any control personnel without network security risks.展开更多
This paper presents a fault-tolerant computer system. It is designed as a double 2-out-of-2 architecture based on component redundant technique. Also, a quantitative probabilistic model is presented for evaluating the...This paper presents a fault-tolerant computer system. It is designed as a double 2-out-of-2 architecture based on component redundant technique. Also, a quantitative probabilistic model is presented for evaluating the reliability, availability, maintainability and safety (RAMS) of this architecture. Hierarchical modeling method and Markov modeling method are used in RAMS analysis to evaluate the system characteristics. The double 2-out-of-2 system is compared with the other two systems, all voting triple modular redundancy (AVTMR) system and dual-duplex system. According to the result, the double 2-out-of-2 system has the highest dependability. Especially, the system can satisfy the safety integrity level (SIL) 4, which means the system’s probability of catastrophic failure less than or equal to 10-8 per hour, therefore, it can be applied to life critical systems such as high-speed railway systems.展开更多
基金supported by China National Petroleum Corporation Application Fundamental Research Foundation(Grant No.07A40401)
文摘Many years experience of the operation of high stress(>72%specified minimum yield strength,SMYS)gas pipelines and statistical analysis results of pipeline incidents showed that the operating pipelines at stress levels over 72%SMYS have not presented problems in USA and Canada,and design factor does not control incidents or the safety of pipelines.Enhancing pipeline safety management level is most important for decreasing incident rate.The application history of higher design factors in the U.S and Canada was reviewed.And the effect of higher factors to the critical flaw size,puncture resistance,change of reliability with time,risk level and the arrest toughness requirements of pipeline were analyzed here.The comparison of pipeline failure rates and risk levels between two design factors(0.72 and 0.8)has shown that a change in design factor from 0.72 to 0.8 would bring little effect on failure rates and risk levels.On the basis of the analysis result,the application feasibility of design factor of 0.8 in China was discussed and the related suggestions were proposed.When an operator wishes to apply design factor 0.8 to gas pipeline,the following process is recommended:stress level of line pipe hydro test should be up to 100%SMYS,reliability and risk assessment at the design feasibility or conceptual stage should be conducted,Charpy impact energy should meet the need of pipeline crack arrest;and establish and execute risk based integrity management plan.The technology of pipeline steel metallurgy,line pipe fabrication and pipeline construction,and line pipe quality control level in China achieved tremendous progresses,and line pipe product standards and property indexes have come up to international advanced level.Furthermore,pipeline safety management has improved greatly in China.Consequently,the research for the feasibility of application of design factor of 0.8 in China has fundamental basis.
基金supported in part by the Independent Innovation Project of Agricultural Science and Technology of Jiangsu Province(CX(20)3068)Modern Agricultural Machinery Equipment and Technology Demonstration and Promotion Project of Jiangsu Province(NJ2021-37)+1 种基金National Foreign Experts Program of China(G2021145010L)Science and Technology Project of Suzhou City(SNG2020039)。
文摘Due to the non-standardization and complexity of the farmland environment,it is always a huge challenge for tractors to achieve fully autonomy(work at Self-driving mode)all the time in agricultural industry.Whereas,when tractors work in the Tele-driving(or Remote driving)mode,the operators are prone to fatigue because they need to concentrate for long periods of time.In response to these,a dual-mode control strategy was proposed to integrate the advantages of both approaches,i.e.,by combing Self-driving at most of the time with Tele-driving under special(complex and hazardous)conditions through switching control method.First,the state switcher was proposed,which is used for smooth switching the driving modes according to different working states of a tractor.Then,the state switching control law and the corresponding subsystem tracking controllers were designed.Finally,the effectiveness and superiority of the dualmode control method were evaluated via actual experimental testing of a tractor whose results show that the proposed control method can switch smoothly,stably,and efficiently between the two driving modes automatically.The average control accuracy has been improved by 20%and 15%respectively,compared to the conventional Tele-driving control and Self-driving control with low-precision navigation.In conclusion,the proposed dualmode control method can not only satisfy the operation in the complex and changeable farmland environment,but also free drivers from high-intensity and fatiguing work.This provides a perfect application solution and theoretical support for the intelligentization of unmanned farm agricultural machinery with high safety and reliability.
基金funded by the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets(Ofgem)and supported by De Montfort University(DMU)and Nottingham Trent University(NTU),UK.
文摘This paper introduces the Integrated Security Embedded Resilience Architecture (ISERA) as an advanced resilience mechanism for Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Operational Technology (OT) environments. The ISERA framework integrates security by design principles, micro-segmentation, and Island Mode Operation (IMO) to enhance cyber resilience and ensure continuous, secure operations. The methodology deploys a Forward-Thinking Architecture Strategy (FTAS) algorithm, which utilises an industrial Intrusion Detection System (IDS) implemented with Python’s Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) library. The FTAS algorithm successfully identified and responded to cyber-attacks, ensuring minimal system disruption. ISERA has been validated through comprehensive testing scenarios simulating Denial of Service (DoS) attacks and malware intrusions, at both the IT and OT layers where it successfully mitigates the impact of malicious activity. Results demonstrate ISERA’s efficacy in real-time threat detection, containment, and incident response, thus ensuring the integrity and reliability of critical infrastructure systems. ISERA’s decentralised approach contributes to global net zero goals by optimising resource use and minimising environmental impact. By adopting a decentralised control architecture and leveraging virtualisation, ISERA significantly enhances the cyber resilience and sustainability of critical infrastructure systems. This approach not only strengthens defences against evolving cyber threats but also optimises resource allocation, reducing the system’s carbon footprint. As a result, ISERA ensures the uninterrupted operation of essential services while contributing to broader net zero goals.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 62450056 and 62233017).
文摘1. Introduction Prognostics, known as ‘Remaining Useful Life(RUL) prediction', plays a crucial role in health management of critical systems, which is vital for maintaining the operating safety and reliability, and reducing the management costs.1Here, the RUL is usually defined as the length from the current time to the end of the useful life.
文摘In the aerospace field, residual stress directly affects the strength, fatigue life and dimensional stability of thin-walled structural components, and is a key factor to ensure flight safety and reliability. At present, research on residual stress at home and abroad mainly focuses on the optimization of traditional detection technology, stress control of manufacturing process and service performance evaluation, among which research on residual stress detection methods mainly focuses on the improvement of the accuracy, sensitivity, reliability and other performance of existing detection methods, but it still faces many challenges such as extremely small detection range, low efficiency, large error and limited application range.
文摘In order to give a new way for modeling driving behavior, identifying road traffic accident causation and solving a variety of road traffic safety problems such as driving errors prevention and driving behavior analysis, a new driving behavior shaping model is proposed, which could be used to assess the degree of effect of driving error upon road traffic safety. Driver behavior shaping model based on driving reliability and safety analysis could be used to identify the road traffic accident causation, to supply data for driver's behavior training, to evaluate driving procedures, to human factor design of road traffic system.
基金Project 0424220161 supported by Science and Technology Foundation of Education Bureau of Henan Province
文摘Based on the basic content of advanced technology,safety and reliability, and economic reasonability and the definition of mine ventilation system, 16 assessment indexes of ventilation system are put forward from the point of 8 aspects such as mine ventilation power, ventilation network, ventilation equipments, ventilation quality, ventilation monitoring, capacity of preventing and fighting disaster, ventilation consumption of power, and the capacity of ventila- tion system. A new assessment index system is put forward and has a good effect after being applied in coal mines.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NO.51904185 and 51874042)
文摘The objective of this study is to provide a case study of informetric and bibliometric analysis,by building up a profile for the journal of Reliability Engineering&System Safety in the 21st century,based on the data collected in Web of Science and the tool of VOSViewer.4821 articles published in the journal in 2001-2021 have been adopted as the dataset.The keywords of these articles are analyzed and clustered,the main applications of these studies are identified,and the temporal development trend of the topics are discussed.The most productive countries/regions,institutions and individual researchers for the journal are presented and the collaboration relationships at the national and institutional levels are investigated and visualized.Distribution of author genders is surveyed based on a sample.Then,the citation situation of articles in the journal is analyzed,and the potential impact factors on citations,including number of authors,number of participating institutions and countries/regions,number of references,and topics are studied.Finally,evidence on whether open access can influence citations of articles is provided.Readers of this article are expected to understand more about how bibliometric analysis support journal analysis and development analysis in a certain domain.
文摘With the gradual development of smart power plants and large-scale centralized control,there is a need to exchange a large number of signals between different DCS systems and between DCS and PLC systems.Different control systems have different brands and cannot communicate directly via networks.Moreover,due to network security concerns,the main control of unit units and the auxiliary control system of the entire plant cannot communicate directly via networks either.The commonly adopted methods for signal exchange between control systems are hardwiring and 485 communications.Both have obvious drawbacks,where hardwiring requires a large number of channels and cable laying;485 configuration is difficult,not easy to maintain,and faults are hard to locate.This paper studies how to strike a balance between the two,using a minimal amount of hardwiring to transmit a large number of signals,which is safe,reliable,cost-effective,and can be maintained by any control personnel without network security risks.
文摘This paper presents a fault-tolerant computer system. It is designed as a double 2-out-of-2 architecture based on component redundant technique. Also, a quantitative probabilistic model is presented for evaluating the reliability, availability, maintainability and safety (RAMS) of this architecture. Hierarchical modeling method and Markov modeling method are used in RAMS analysis to evaluate the system characteristics. The double 2-out-of-2 system is compared with the other two systems, all voting triple modular redundancy (AVTMR) system and dual-duplex system. According to the result, the double 2-out-of-2 system has the highest dependability. Especially, the system can satisfy the safety integrity level (SIL) 4, which means the system’s probability of catastrophic failure less than or equal to 10-8 per hour, therefore, it can be applied to life critical systems such as high-speed railway systems.
