Objective:Nurses must follow safe injection practices to prevent healthcare-associated infections(HAIs).This study aimed to identify the risk factors for safe injection practice among nurses in general hospitals.Metho...Objective:Nurses must follow safe injection practices to prevent healthcare-associated infections(HAIs).This study aimed to identify the risk factors for safe injection practice among nurses in general hospitals.Methods:This cross-sectional study included 215 nurses employed in Korean general hospitals.Data were collected from September 22 to October 9,2023.Multiple linear regression analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics 27.0.Results:The regression analysis revealed that a higher level of patient safety priority in the patient safety culture perception,increased knowledge of safe injection practices,and fewer working hours per week were associated with improved performance of safe injection practices among general hospital nurses.Conclusions:To enhance the performance of general hospital nurses in safe injection practice,it is necessary to establish a patient safety culture so that nurses recognize patient safety as a top priority.Additionally,an effective educational program is needed to increase the practical knowledge of safe injection practices,along with a supportive working environment that ensures appropriate working hours to prevent patient safety incidents.展开更多
Hydraulic fracturing(HF)has achieved significant commercial success in unconventional oil and gas development.However,it has the potential to induce fault slip.This study investigates the physical mechanisms underlyin...Hydraulic fracturing(HF)has achieved significant commercial success in unconventional oil and gas development.However,it has the potential to induce fault slip.This study investigates the physical mechanisms underlying potential fault slip triggered by HF operations under varying geological and operational constraints.First,we elucidate the relationship between the critical stress state and the elastic modulus of the fault,and refine a formula for the maximum crustal stress difference on critically stressed faults,including stress concentration,friction,and dip.Second,we compare the role of injected fluid in permeable faults with that in impermeable faults,and demonstrate that fault slips can be triggered by a combination of friction decrease and pore pressure increase,even after ceasing injection.Specifically,we reveal that friction decline dominates induced fault slip on high permeable and hydraulically connected fault.Third,based on experimental results and theoretical analysis,we quantify the influence region of stress transfer under different conditions of well location and injection pressure.The results reveal that the elastic modulus of the fault controls the stress concentration on the fault plane.The dip of the fault and the stress concentration jointly determine the maximum crustal stress difference required for failure in critically stressed reverse faults.Thus,our study is more accurate in estimating the proximity of the in-situ stress to the critical state,compared with traditional methods.For critical reverse faults,the risk of induced slip is positively correlated with both injection pressure and friction of fault plane.When the injection pressure(PI)is 100 MPa and the friction(μ)is 0.8,the safe distance from injection point to critically stressed faults along the direction of maximum principal stress and maximum principal stress(dH and dv)should exceed 25 and 18 times as the hydraulic fracture halflength.When PI is 100 MPa andμis 0.6,dH and dv are 23 and 17 times as the hydraulic fracture halflength,respectively.When PI is 60 MPa andμis 0.6,dH and dv are 18 and 13 times as the hydraulic fracture half-length,respectively.The works enhance our understanding of HF-induced fault slip and potentially guide designs of the shale gas well location and trajectory for safer production.展开更多
In 2016,the World Health Assembly adopted a Global Health Sector Strategy on viral hepatitis,with targets set for the years 2020 and 2030 to achieve hepatitis elimination.The main target of hepatitis elimination strat...In 2016,the World Health Assembly adopted a Global Health Sector Strategy on viral hepatitis,with targets set for the years 2020 and 2030 to achieve hepatitis elimination.The main target of hepatitis elimination strategy is to reduce the incidence of hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)by 90%and mortality by 65%in 2030.In last 5 years,the number of people receiving HCV treatment has increased from 1 million to 9.4 million;however,this number is far from the 2030 target of 40 million people receiving HCV treatment.HBV and HCV incidence rates are down from 1.4 million to 1.1 million annual deaths but this is far from the 2030 target of<0.5 million deaths.The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has severely affected the efforts in the fight against hepatitis.No major donor has committed to investing in the fight against hepatitis.Time is running out.There is a need to speed up efforts in the fight against hepatitis to achieve hepatitis elimination by 2030.展开更多
文摘Objective:Nurses must follow safe injection practices to prevent healthcare-associated infections(HAIs).This study aimed to identify the risk factors for safe injection practice among nurses in general hospitals.Methods:This cross-sectional study included 215 nurses employed in Korean general hospitals.Data were collected from September 22 to October 9,2023.Multiple linear regression analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics 27.0.Results:The regression analysis revealed that a higher level of patient safety priority in the patient safety culture perception,increased knowledge of safe injection practices,and fewer working hours per week were associated with improved performance of safe injection practices among general hospital nurses.Conclusions:To enhance the performance of general hospital nurses in safe injection practice,it is necessary to establish a patient safety culture so that nurses recognize patient safety as a top priority.Additionally,an effective educational program is needed to increase the practical knowledge of safe injection practices,along with a supportive working environment that ensures appropriate working hours to prevent patient safety incidents.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.:52274175)。
文摘Hydraulic fracturing(HF)has achieved significant commercial success in unconventional oil and gas development.However,it has the potential to induce fault slip.This study investigates the physical mechanisms underlying potential fault slip triggered by HF operations under varying geological and operational constraints.First,we elucidate the relationship between the critical stress state and the elastic modulus of the fault,and refine a formula for the maximum crustal stress difference on critically stressed faults,including stress concentration,friction,and dip.Second,we compare the role of injected fluid in permeable faults with that in impermeable faults,and demonstrate that fault slips can be triggered by a combination of friction decrease and pore pressure increase,even after ceasing injection.Specifically,we reveal that friction decline dominates induced fault slip on high permeable and hydraulically connected fault.Third,based on experimental results and theoretical analysis,we quantify the influence region of stress transfer under different conditions of well location and injection pressure.The results reveal that the elastic modulus of the fault controls the stress concentration on the fault plane.The dip of the fault and the stress concentration jointly determine the maximum crustal stress difference required for failure in critically stressed reverse faults.Thus,our study is more accurate in estimating the proximity of the in-situ stress to the critical state,compared with traditional methods.For critical reverse faults,the risk of induced slip is positively correlated with both injection pressure and friction of fault plane.When the injection pressure(PI)is 100 MPa and the friction(μ)is 0.8,the safe distance from injection point to critically stressed faults along the direction of maximum principal stress and maximum principal stress(dH and dv)should exceed 25 and 18 times as the hydraulic fracture halflength.When PI is 100 MPa andμis 0.6,dH and dv are 23 and 17 times as the hydraulic fracture halflength,respectively.When PI is 60 MPa andμis 0.6,dH and dv are 18 and 13 times as the hydraulic fracture half-length,respectively.The works enhance our understanding of HF-induced fault slip and potentially guide designs of the shale gas well location and trajectory for safer production.
文摘In 2016,the World Health Assembly adopted a Global Health Sector Strategy on viral hepatitis,with targets set for the years 2020 and 2030 to achieve hepatitis elimination.The main target of hepatitis elimination strategy is to reduce the incidence of hepatitis B virus(HBV)and hepatitis C virus(HCV)by 90%and mortality by 65%in 2030.In last 5 years,the number of people receiving HCV treatment has increased from 1 million to 9.4 million;however,this number is far from the 2030 target of 40 million people receiving HCV treatment.HBV and HCV incidence rates are down from 1.4 million to 1.1 million annual deaths but this is far from the 2030 target of<0.5 million deaths.The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has severely affected the efforts in the fight against hepatitis.No major donor has committed to investing in the fight against hepatitis.Time is running out.There is a need to speed up efforts in the fight against hepatitis to achieve hepatitis elimination by 2030.
