The mineralogy and petrography of natural graphite in Saba Boru of Ethiopia indicate that there exists flake graphite with a slightly oval structured fine size according to our study on thin and polished sections.Here...The mineralogy and petrography of natural graphite in Saba Boru of Ethiopia indicate that there exists flake graphite with a slightly oval structured fine size according to our study on thin and polished sections.Herein,for estimating the carbon content in graphite,the ASTM-C561,the test method for ash in a graphite sample,was used.For characterizing graphite,x-ray diffraction,x-ray fluorescence,inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy were also used.Chemical analysis of ore samples determined that the average compositions are 63.35%SiO2,15.45%Al2O3,2.36%Fe2O3,2.07%K2O,less than1%others,and loss-on-ignition(LOI)in the range of^4.74%–37.42%.The total carbon content of graphitic ore ranged from 4.11%to 33.14%.Importantly,when graphite is concentrated through floatation,its average purity and recovery are 92.97%and 90.82%,respectively.Furthermore,once the graphite concentrates are treated with hydrofluoric acid,the average value attains a high grade of 96.48%C.Moreover,the average ash content is 81.93%(pre-flotation)and 3.1%(post-flotation),respectively.Finally,after beneficiation,a silica is identified as a major gangue(85.88%),usable as a raw material for other purposes such as cement.Hence,these graphite-bearing rocks seem to be worth exploring for commercialization opportunities.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the anthelmintic property of Saba senegalensis(A.DC)Pichon(Apocynaceae)(S.senegalensis)on Haemonchus contortus that is traditionally used in Burkina Faso for its gastrointestinal parasites treatm...Objective:To evaluate the anthelmintic property of Saba senegalensis(A.DC)Pichon(Apocynaceae)(S.senegalensis)on Haemonchus contortus that is traditionally used in Burkina Faso for its gastrointestinal parasites treatment.Methods:The lyophilized aqueous decoction of leaves of S.senegalensis at concentrations of 0.10,1.00,3.00,10.00 and 15.00 mg/m L was used on eggs and adult worms of Haemonchus contortus collected from gastrointestinal tract of small ruminant.Results:The LC_(50)on adult worms was 6.79 mg/m L and 3.25 mg/m L for the leaves of S.senegalensis and the levamisole(reference drug),respectively.Inhibition of hatching assay showed a concentration-dependent manner with an inhibition of 93.63%at the concentration of 15.00 mg/m L of S.senegalensis.Conclusions:These results indicate that the aqueous extract of S.senegalensis possesses an anthelmintic property and may justify its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal parasites.展开更多
The study was designed to produce a nutrient-dense polvoron bar from the optimized mixture of Saba-peel, monggo, and malunggay using simplex lattice design (RSM-SLD). Polvoron bar was also evaluated analytically inclu...The study was designed to produce a nutrient-dense polvoron bar from the optimized mixture of Saba-peel, monggo, and malunggay using simplex lattice design (RSM-SLD). Polvoron bar was also evaluated analytically including proximate, iron, total dietary fiber (TDF), and vitamin A content. Shelf stability, consumer acceptability, and microbial assessment of the sample were determined. Results showed that the optimal combination of ingredients was 37%, 52%, and 11% for saba peel flour, monggo flour, and malunggay powder, respectively. Proximate composition revealed that a fresh sample can provide 66% of carbohydrates, 12.17% protein, and 17% of fats. Every 100 g has 1.43 mg Fe content, 1.78 g TDF, and 91.25 mg vitamin A. The optimized product can last up to 111, 98, and 54 days at 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C, respectively, while total aerobic bacteria, yeast and molds, and coliform count are within the acceptable limits of the FDA standards.展开更多
Native of West Africa, Saba senegalensis belongs to the family of Apocynaceae, and is a wild plant that is mainly exploited in the diet. It grows mainly along riverbanks, in wooded savannah areas in humid areas, in ga...Native of West Africa, Saba senegalensis belongs to the family of Apocynaceae, and is a wild plant that is mainly exploited in the diet. It grows mainly along riverbanks, in wooded savannah areas in humid areas, in gallery forests and in rocky ravines and hills. Saba senegalensis is a large woody liana with white latex, dark gray bark, can reach more than 40 m high and a trunk that can measure up to 47 cm in diameter. The fruit is a globose shell, 7 to 10 cm long, 6 to 8 cm wide. The leaves are opposite, elliptical, dark green in color, about 8 to 15 cm long and 4 to 6 cm wide. This fruit is characterized by its richness in antioxidant molecules especially vitamin C (480 mg/100 g) and total polyphenols (945.83 mg/100 g). The fruit contents 41.43 until 80% water with a low pH (2.24). In Senegal, the fruit is eaten as it or transformed into puree, nectar, syrup, canned etc. It is a plant that has enormous therapeutic virtues, from the fruit to the roots through the leaves, bark, and latex. Despite its high nutritional potential, its many therapeutic virtues and its economic potential, Saba senegalensis remains under-exploited. Further researches on the nutritional and therapeutic properties deserve to be conducted.展开更多
Saba senegalensis is a popular wild fruit;which is consumed as such or transformed into various products. Despite its economic potential, its nutritional potential is unknown. The objective of this study is to charact...Saba senegalensis is a popular wild fruit;which is consumed as such or transformed into various products. Despite its economic potential, its nutritional potential is unknown. The objective of this study is to characterize its fruits according to Senegal’s main production areas. The study included five samples from five geographical areas of Senegal. Parameters measured include pH, protein, lipids, ash, moisture, vitamin C, carotenoids, polyphenols, minerals, and sugars. The results showed that for moisture, proteins, lipids, pH and reducing sugars did not differ significantly (p 0.05%) for all accessions. Vitamin C content varies between 32.86 and 198.22 mg·100g<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>, carotenoids with a content of between 5.05 and 9.12 mg·100g<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>;polyphenol contents are between 1.17 and 2.56 g·100g<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>. The nutritional value of Saba fruits appears to be homogeneous in Senegal. A thorough study of the functional molecules seems necessary for a better appreciation of the potential of this fruit.展开更多
Adsorption on activated carbon is one of the most widely used methods for the removal of dyes. The objective of this study is to valorize the shells of Saba senegalensis from local product in Senegal in the form of ac...Adsorption on activated carbon is one of the most widely used methods for the removal of dyes. The objective of this study is to valorize the shells of Saba senegalensis from local product in Senegal in the form of activated carbon and to test its effectiveness for the removal of methyl violet. The study was carried out in batch mode for a maximum duration of one hour with 100 mL of solution treated at 600 rpm. The results reveal that the granulometry 500 μm gives the best yield with an adsorption rate of 95%, a mass of adsorbent of 0.2 g gives an adsorption capacity of 20 mg/g, the contact time of one hour with a capacity of 5 mg/g. The study also showed that the adsorption process of methyl violet is described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model with correlation coefficient of 0.99. Two adsorption isotherms were studied, and the results revealed that the Freundlich model better describes the adsorption of methyl violet on Saba senegalensis shell residue-based activated carbon (SSSRAC). The results indicate that SSSRAC could be used as a low-cost alternative for the removal of textile dyes such as methyl violet.展开更多
Gastric cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Helicobacter pylori is considered one of the most important causes of this condition specially because of its virulence markers as sabA and cagA. The...Gastric cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Helicobacter pylori is considered one of the most important causes of this condition specially because of its virulence markers as sabA and cagA. Therefore, we aim to investigate the relation between these markers and the gastric diseases in 400 patients who underwent upper digestive endoscopy. To detect the bacteria and its genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), the presence of H. pylori was significant when comparing the groups control vs. cancer (p value vs. chronic gastritis (p value cagA was statistically significant considering its presence when comparing the chronic gastritis vs. cancer groups (p value = 0.0434) OR [95% CI] 2.44 (1.021 - 5.845). Associating both sabA and cagA, we found a statistically significant result (p value vs. cancer groups. Helicobacter pylori is directly associated to gastric diseases such as gastritis and cancer and its virulence markers: sabA and cagA increase the injury process to the gastric epithelium making the host more susceptible to cancer.展开更多
Background:Drug resistance is increasing in gastrointestinal parasitosis;it is therefore essential to identify new anthelmintic molecules.Objective:The study aims to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of extracts and ...Background:Drug resistance is increasing in gastrointestinal parasitosis;it is therefore essential to identify new anthelmintic molecules.Objective:The study aims to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of extracts and fractions of leaves of Saba sene-galensis(A.DC.)Pichon(Apocynaceae)against L_(3)larvae of Caenorhabditis elegans,a free-living helminth model and to highlight potential anthelmintic molecules by dereplication strategy of molecular networking.Methods:The methanolic extract,ethanolic extract and aqueous extract of the plant’s leaves were carried out,followed by flash chromatography on silica gel for by fractionation,HPLC-MS/MS analysis.The tandem mass data were used for generation of molecular network.The anthelmintic effects of aqueous and hydro-ethanolic fractions of leaves of S.senegalensis on Caenorhabditis elegans worm viability were carried out by using both 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay and microscope motility observation.Results:Among the aqueous fractions,the aqueous decoction showed an EC_(50)at 0.24 mg/ml and a viability rate of 7.5%at 0.9 mg/ml.In hydro-ethanolic extracts,hydro-ethanolic macerate residual(Fe-3)exhibited a significant effect with an EC_(50)at 0.29 mg/ml and 12.5%of viability at 0.9 mg/ml.HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis allowed the identification of twelve compounds.Conclusions:Using the MTT-formazan assay,extracts of S.senegalensis exhibit a moderate anthelmintic effect on C.elegans worms linked to natural antiparasitic molecules.展开更多
What are the successes of China in recentdecades concerning children's health? One of them is the program implementedto improve iodized salt coverage.In 2003,itreached 95 percent at the national level.Thiswas a ve...What are the successes of China in recentdecades concerning children's health? One of them is the program implementedto improve iodized salt coverage.In 2003,itreached 95 percent at the national level.Thiswas a very important task to carry out becausedeficiency in iodized salts also has socialeffects.as it can lead to mental retardation.Another important success was the baby-friendly hospitals program,to encouragebreastfeeding.展开更多
文摘目的分析幽门螺杆菌(Helicobacter pylori,H.pylori)唾液酸结合黏附素(sialic acid-binding adhesion,sabA)基因的序列变异及进化特征,及其与毒力的相关性。方法对92株H.pylori菌株(其中胃炎来源44株,胃癌来源48株)采用PCR扩增sabA基因,扩增产物进行一代测序后进行核苷酸、氨基酸比对,分析核苷酸重复序列的差异,构建系统进化树并分亚群;分别在两亚群中各选择一株H.pylori感染人胃腺癌细胞株AGS细胞,计算细菌的黏附率。提取细胞总RNA,并逆转录为cDNA,qPCR检测AGS细胞IL-8和TNF-αmRNA转录因子水平。采用ELISA检测AGS细胞上清液中的IL-8和TNF-α蛋白因子分泌。结果在80株H.pylori菌株中的sabA阳性菌株中,功能完整sabA基因的占比为76.2%,其中胃癌组占比70.7%(29/41),胃炎组占比82.1%(32/39),两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。基于sabA基因序列采用邻接法(neighbor-joining algorithm,N-J)构建系统进化树发现,该进化树可以明显区分为两个亚群,其中sabA ClusterⅠ内胃癌菌株所占比例为78.8%(26/33),明显高于sabA ClusterⅡ内胃癌所占比例,为31.9%(15/47),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=17.049,P<0.05)。感染AGS细胞黏附实验发现,ClusterⅠ亚群中A076菌株的细胞黏附率(50.0%)高于ClusterⅡ中B1837菌株(47.3%)。qPCR分析发现,A076菌株感染AGS细胞IL-8和TNF-αmRNA转录因子水平明显高于B1837菌株(166.77 vs 77.71,P=9.03×10^(-6);77.71 vs 22.46,P=2.32×10^(-5)),差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05);经ELISA分析,A076菌株感染AGS细胞分泌的IL-8和TNF-α含量明显高于B1837菌株(445.58 pg/mL vs 249.29 pg/mL,P=3.62×10^(-5);126.57 pg/mL vs 110.94 pg/mL,P>0.05),其中IL-8含量的差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胃癌相关H.pylori菌株在sabA基因序列构建的系统进化树上明显聚集成亚群,具有更相似的遗传进化特征,且具有更高的毒力效应。
基金This work was supported by Jimma Institute of Technology through Mega Project.
文摘The mineralogy and petrography of natural graphite in Saba Boru of Ethiopia indicate that there exists flake graphite with a slightly oval structured fine size according to our study on thin and polished sections.Herein,for estimating the carbon content in graphite,the ASTM-C561,the test method for ash in a graphite sample,was used.For characterizing graphite,x-ray diffraction,x-ray fluorescence,inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy,and scanning electron microscopy were also used.Chemical analysis of ore samples determined that the average compositions are 63.35%SiO2,15.45%Al2O3,2.36%Fe2O3,2.07%K2O,less than1%others,and loss-on-ignition(LOI)in the range of^4.74%–37.42%.The total carbon content of graphitic ore ranged from 4.11%to 33.14%.Importantly,when graphite is concentrated through floatation,its average purity and recovery are 92.97%and 90.82%,respectively.Furthermore,once the graphite concentrates are treated with hydrofluoric acid,the average value attains a high grade of 96.48%C.Moreover,the average ash content is 81.93%(pre-flotation)and 3.1%(post-flotation),respectively.Finally,after beneficiation,a silica is identified as a major gangue(85.88%),usable as a raw material for other purposes such as cement.Hence,these graphite-bearing rocks seem to be worth exploring for commercialization opportunities.
基金Supported by the Ministry of Health through FARES project(P1/FARES 2013)
文摘Objective:To evaluate the anthelmintic property of Saba senegalensis(A.DC)Pichon(Apocynaceae)(S.senegalensis)on Haemonchus contortus that is traditionally used in Burkina Faso for its gastrointestinal parasites treatment.Methods:The lyophilized aqueous decoction of leaves of S.senegalensis at concentrations of 0.10,1.00,3.00,10.00 and 15.00 mg/m L was used on eggs and adult worms of Haemonchus contortus collected from gastrointestinal tract of small ruminant.Results:The LC_(50)on adult worms was 6.79 mg/m L and 3.25 mg/m L for the leaves of S.senegalensis and the levamisole(reference drug),respectively.Inhibition of hatching assay showed a concentration-dependent manner with an inhibition of 93.63%at the concentration of 15.00 mg/m L of S.senegalensis.Conclusions:These results indicate that the aqueous extract of S.senegalensis possesses an anthelmintic property and may justify its use in traditional medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal parasites.
文摘The study was designed to produce a nutrient-dense polvoron bar from the optimized mixture of Saba-peel, monggo, and malunggay using simplex lattice design (RSM-SLD). Polvoron bar was also evaluated analytically including proximate, iron, total dietary fiber (TDF), and vitamin A content. Shelf stability, consumer acceptability, and microbial assessment of the sample were determined. Results showed that the optimal combination of ingredients was 37%, 52%, and 11% for saba peel flour, monggo flour, and malunggay powder, respectively. Proximate composition revealed that a fresh sample can provide 66% of carbohydrates, 12.17% protein, and 17% of fats. Every 100 g has 1.43 mg Fe content, 1.78 g TDF, and 91.25 mg vitamin A. The optimized product can last up to 111, 98, and 54 days at 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C, respectively, while total aerobic bacteria, yeast and molds, and coliform count are within the acceptable limits of the FDA standards.
文摘Native of West Africa, Saba senegalensis belongs to the family of Apocynaceae, and is a wild plant that is mainly exploited in the diet. It grows mainly along riverbanks, in wooded savannah areas in humid areas, in gallery forests and in rocky ravines and hills. Saba senegalensis is a large woody liana with white latex, dark gray bark, can reach more than 40 m high and a trunk that can measure up to 47 cm in diameter. The fruit is a globose shell, 7 to 10 cm long, 6 to 8 cm wide. The leaves are opposite, elliptical, dark green in color, about 8 to 15 cm long and 4 to 6 cm wide. This fruit is characterized by its richness in antioxidant molecules especially vitamin C (480 mg/100 g) and total polyphenols (945.83 mg/100 g). The fruit contents 41.43 until 80% water with a low pH (2.24). In Senegal, the fruit is eaten as it or transformed into puree, nectar, syrup, canned etc. It is a plant that has enormous therapeutic virtues, from the fruit to the roots through the leaves, bark, and latex. Despite its high nutritional potential, its many therapeutic virtues and its economic potential, Saba senegalensis remains under-exploited. Further researches on the nutritional and therapeutic properties deserve to be conducted.
文摘Saba senegalensis is a popular wild fruit;which is consumed as such or transformed into various products. Despite its economic potential, its nutritional potential is unknown. The objective of this study is to characterize its fruits according to Senegal’s main production areas. The study included five samples from five geographical areas of Senegal. Parameters measured include pH, protein, lipids, ash, moisture, vitamin C, carotenoids, polyphenols, minerals, and sugars. The results showed that for moisture, proteins, lipids, pH and reducing sugars did not differ significantly (p 0.05%) for all accessions. Vitamin C content varies between 32.86 and 198.22 mg·100g<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>, carotenoids with a content of between 5.05 and 9.12 mg·100g<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>;polyphenol contents are between 1.17 and 2.56 g·100g<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>. The nutritional value of Saba fruits appears to be homogeneous in Senegal. A thorough study of the functional molecules seems necessary for a better appreciation of the potential of this fruit.
文摘Adsorption on activated carbon is one of the most widely used methods for the removal of dyes. The objective of this study is to valorize the shells of Saba senegalensis from local product in Senegal in the form of activated carbon and to test its effectiveness for the removal of methyl violet. The study was carried out in batch mode for a maximum duration of one hour with 100 mL of solution treated at 600 rpm. The results reveal that the granulometry 500 μm gives the best yield with an adsorption rate of 95%, a mass of adsorbent of 0.2 g gives an adsorption capacity of 20 mg/g, the contact time of one hour with a capacity of 5 mg/g. The study also showed that the adsorption process of methyl violet is described by the pseudo-second order kinetic model with correlation coefficient of 0.99. Two adsorption isotherms were studied, and the results revealed that the Freundlich model better describes the adsorption of methyl violet on Saba senegalensis shell residue-based activated carbon (SSSRAC). The results indicate that SSSRAC could be used as a low-cost alternative for the removal of textile dyes such as methyl violet.
文摘Gastric cancer is one of the most common types of cancer worldwide. Helicobacter pylori is considered one of the most important causes of this condition specially because of its virulence markers as sabA and cagA. Therefore, we aim to investigate the relation between these markers and the gastric diseases in 400 patients who underwent upper digestive endoscopy. To detect the bacteria and its genes by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), the presence of H. pylori was significant when comparing the groups control vs. cancer (p value vs. chronic gastritis (p value cagA was statistically significant considering its presence when comparing the chronic gastritis vs. cancer groups (p value = 0.0434) OR [95% CI] 2.44 (1.021 - 5.845). Associating both sabA and cagA, we found a statistically significant result (p value vs. cancer groups. Helicobacter pylori is directly associated to gastric diseases such as gastritis and cancer and its virulence markers: sabA and cagA increase the injury process to the gastric epithelium making the host more susceptible to cancer.
基金financial support from Campus France(895739H)through the French Embassy in Burkina Faso.
文摘Background:Drug resistance is increasing in gastrointestinal parasitosis;it is therefore essential to identify new anthelmintic molecules.Objective:The study aims to evaluate the anthelmintic activity of extracts and fractions of leaves of Saba sene-galensis(A.DC.)Pichon(Apocynaceae)against L_(3)larvae of Caenorhabditis elegans,a free-living helminth model and to highlight potential anthelmintic molecules by dereplication strategy of molecular networking.Methods:The methanolic extract,ethanolic extract and aqueous extract of the plant’s leaves were carried out,followed by flash chromatography on silica gel for by fractionation,HPLC-MS/MS analysis.The tandem mass data were used for generation of molecular network.The anthelmintic effects of aqueous and hydro-ethanolic fractions of leaves of S.senegalensis on Caenorhabditis elegans worm viability were carried out by using both 3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide(MTT)assay and microscope motility observation.Results:Among the aqueous fractions,the aqueous decoction showed an EC_(50)at 0.24 mg/ml and a viability rate of 7.5%at 0.9 mg/ml.In hydro-ethanolic extracts,hydro-ethanolic macerate residual(Fe-3)exhibited a significant effect with an EC_(50)at 0.29 mg/ml and 12.5%of viability at 0.9 mg/ml.HPLC-ESI-MS/MS analysis allowed the identification of twelve compounds.Conclusions:Using the MTT-formazan assay,extracts of S.senegalensis exhibit a moderate anthelmintic effect on C.elegans worms linked to natural antiparasitic molecules.
文摘What are the successes of China in recentdecades concerning children's health? One of them is the program implementedto improve iodized salt coverage.In 2003,itreached 95 percent at the national level.Thiswas a very important task to carry out becausedeficiency in iodized salts also has socialeffects.as it can lead to mental retardation.Another important success was the baby-friendly hospitals program,to encouragebreastfeeding.
