BACKGROUND Maple syrup urine disease(MSUD)is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder that affects branched-chain amino acid(BCAA)metabolism and is named after the distinctive sweet odor of affected infants’urine.This dis...BACKGROUND Maple syrup urine disease(MSUD)is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder that affects branched-chain amino acid(BCAA)metabolism and is named after the distinctive sweet odor of affected infants’urine.This disease is characterized by the accumulation of BCAAs and corresponding branched-chain ketoacids of leucine,isoleucine,and valine in the plasma,urine,and cerebrospinal fluid.However,the mechanisms of MSUD-induced brain damage remain poorly defined.The accumulation of BCAAs in the brain inhibits the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase andα-ketoglutarate,disrupting the citric acid cycle and consequently impacting the synthesis of amino acids,causing cerebral edema and abnormal myelination.CASE SUMMARY We report three neonates admitted to our hospital with the classic subtype of MSUD.All three patients,with a transient normal period,presented with poor feeding,vomiting,poor weight gain,and increasing lethargy after birth.Laboratory testing revealed metabolic acidosis.The serum tandem mass spectrometry amino acid profile showed elevated plasma levels of BCAAs(leucine,isoleucine,and valine).Brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)presented abnormal signals mainly involving the globus pallidus,thalamus,internal capsule,brainstem,and cerebellar white matter,which represent the typical myelinated areas in normal full-term neonates.CONCLUSION In our patients,MRI showed typical features,in concordance with the available literature.Early detection and timely treatment are very helpful for the prognosis of MSUD patients.Therefore,we discuss the neuroimaging features of MSUD to enhance the knowledge of pediatricians about this disease.展开更多
An attempt was made to preserve mango slices by treating with 2% calcium chloride solution followed by dipping into sugar syrup of different concentrations i.e. 50°, 60° and 70 °Brix respectively. The t...An attempt was made to preserve mango slices by treating with 2% calcium chloride solution followed by dipping into sugar syrup of different concentrations i.e. 50°, 60° and 70 °Brix respectively. The treated slices were subjected for drying in different modes of drying （oven, microwave oven and cabinet tray drying） and analyzed for various physico-chemical and organoleptic quality characteristics. The study revealed that the osmo-air dried slices of mango produced with partial dehydration facilitated by osmotic agent （sugar syrup of 60 °Brix. A fruit： sugar syrup ratio of 1：4 （w/v） for 18 h at 40 ℃ temperature） followed by mechanical drying showed superiority in sensorial quality attributes over other concentrations of ingredients and the rest of the modes of drying. The good quality osmotically dehydrated mango slices could be preserved with maximum retentions of vitamins with better dehydration, rehydration and sensorial quality characteristics.展开更多
Objective:To evaluate the protective effects of honey compound syrup on sperm count and testis tissue in rats.Methods:Thirty rats were randomly assigned to five groups.The control group received 1 mL normal saline wit...Objective:To evaluate the protective effects of honey compound syrup on sperm count and testis tissue in rats.Methods:Thirty rats were randomly assigned to five groups.The control group received 1 mL normal saline with dimethyl sulfoxide intraperitoneally;the busulfan group received busulfan 10 mg/kg body weight at the first and twenty-first days of the experiment via intraperitoneal injection;the last three groups received busulfan 10 mg/kg body weight to induce azoospermia,and then received 1.0,1.5,or 2.0 mg/kg honey compound syrup,respectively,after induction of azoospermia.After administration,the testis and epididymis of all rats were removed.Then,reproductive organ weight and sperm parameters(sperm concentration,epididymal sperm reserve and daily sperm production)were measured.After hematoxylin-eosin staining,seminiferous tubule cells and diameters were assessed.Results:Busulfan damaged the testis tissue and impaired spermatogenesis.Administration of honey compound syrup in three doses improved testis tissue and spermatogenesis.The protective effects of honey compound syrup may relate to the antioxidant properties of honey and other compounds in this syrup.Conclusions:Administration of honey compound syrup could be an ameliorative agent for the side effects of chemotherapy drugs such as busulfan on the male reproductive system.展开更多
This research aimed to establish near infrared(NIR)spectroscopy models for identification ofsyrup types in which the maple syrup was discriminated from other syrup types.Thirty syruptypes were used in this research;th...This research aimed to establish near infrared(NIR)spectroscopy models for identification ofsyrup types in which the maple syrup was discriminated from other syrup types.Thirty syruptypes were used in this research;the NIR spectra of each type were recorded with 10 replicates.The repeatability and reproducibility of NIR scamning were perfomed,and the absorbance atG940cn-1 was used for calculation,.Principal component analysis was used to group the syruptype.Identification models were developed by soft independent modeling by,class analogy(SIMCA)and partial least-squares diseriminant analysis(PLS.DA),The SiMCA models of alsyrup types exhibited accuracy percentage of 93.3-100%for identifying syrup types,whereasmaple syrup discrimination models showed percentage of accuracy between 83.2%and 100%.The PLS-DA technique gave the accuracy of syrup types classification bet ween 96.6%and 100%and presented ability on discrimination of maple syrup form other types of syrup with accuracyof 100%.The finding presented the potential of NIR spectroscopy for the syrup typeidentification.展开更多
A major economical industrial challenge from pineapple (Ananas sp.) processing contributing to environmental pollution is the organic side-streams of pineapple. The physicochemical, proximate and sensory properties of...A major economical industrial challenge from pineapple (Ananas sp.) processing contributing to environmental pollution is the organic side-streams of pineapple. The physicochemical, proximate and sensory properties of organic sidestream pineapple syrup (OSPS) developed from Smooth cayenne, Sugar loaf and MD2 pineapple varieties were evaluated. Organic side-stream pineapple syrup developed from MD2 recorded the highest moisture content with a corresponding water activity. The colour change in OSPS was significant among the three varieties and Sugar loaf variety deviated from the standard yellow colour more than Smooth cayenne and MD2 varieties. This was buttress by the high Total Soluble Solids in 10% and 20% dilutions of Sugar loaf. The OSPS was acidic. In bread, incorporating 5% OSPS (w:w) of Sugar loaf recorded the highest percentage acceptability among the pineapple varieties. Interestingly, in the production of cakes with 15%, 20% and 30% OSPS, MD2 recorded the highest percentage overall acceptance. For bread and cake, there was varied significance (P 2 and 5% Sugar loaf was more acceptable.展开更多
D-Psicose is a rare sugar present in small quantities in natural products. In a previous study, we showed that D-psicose suppresses increase in plasma glucose and reduces body fat accumulation in rats. Based on acute ...D-Psicose is a rare sugar present in small quantities in natural products. In a previous study, we showed that D-psicose suppresses increase in plasma glucose and reduces body fat accumulation in rats. Based on acute and chronic toxicity testing in rats, D-psicose is classified as an ordinary and safe substance. Recently, we developed a high D-psicose syrup (PS) made from high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) by the alkaline isomerization method. However, the safety of PS as a food additive has not been demonstrated. In this study, we investigated the effects of 90-day feeding of PS in male Wistar rats. The rats were fed diets containing 3% D-psicose (control) or 4.3% PS for 90 days. The body weight gain and intra-abdominal adipose tissue weight did not differ between the control and PS group. The weights of the tissues did not differ between the two dietary groups. In clinical chemistry and hematological analyses, no differences were found between the control and PS groups. No gross pathological findings were evident at dietary doses of 4.3% PS. Therefore, the present study found no adverse effects of PS in rats fed a diet containing 4.3% PS for 90 days.展开更多
BACKGROUND Maple syrup urine disease(MSUD)is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by defects in the catabolism of the branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs).However,the clinical and metabolic screening is limited...BACKGROUND Maple syrup urine disease(MSUD)is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by defects in the catabolism of the branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs).However,the clinical and metabolic screening is limited in identifying all MSUD patients,especially those patients with mild phenotypes or are asymptomatic.This study aims to share the diagnostic experience of an intermediate MSUD case who was missed by metabolic profiling but identified by genetic analysis.CASE SUMMARY This study reports the diagnostic process of a boy with intermediate MSUD.The proband presented with psychomotor retardation and cerebral lesions on magnetic resonance imaging scans at 8 mo of age.Preliminary clinical and metabolic profiling did not support a specific disease.However,whole exome sequencing and subsequent Sanger sequencing at 1 year and 7 mo of age identified bi-allelic pathogenic variants of the BCKDHB gene,confirming the proband as having MSUD with non-classic mild phenotypes.His clinical and laboratory data were retrospectively analyzed.According to his disease course,he was classified into an intermediate form of MSUD.His management was then changed to BCAAs restriction and metabolic monitoring conforming to MSUD.In addition,genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis were provided to his parents.CONCLUSION Our work provides diagnostic experience of an intermediate MSUD case,suggesting that a genetic analysis is important for ambiguous cases,and alerts clinicians to avoid missing patients with non-classic mild phenotypes of MSUD.展开更多
Objective:To establish the quality standard of Danmu exract syrup.Methods:TLC method was used to qualitatively identify Nauclea officinalis in Danmu exract syrup.The content of strictosamide and chlorogenic acid in Da...Objective:To establish the quality standard of Danmu exract syrup.Methods:TLC method was used to qualitatively identify Nauclea officinalis in Danmu exract syrup.The content of strictosamide and chlorogenic acid in Danmu exract syrup was determined by high efficiency axillary chromatography.Results:The spots were clear and there was no negative interference.The linear relationship of strictosamide was good in the range of 100~300ug/ml(R^(2)=0.9997).The average recovery was 99.1%and RSD was 1.16%(n=9).Chlorogenic acid had a good linear relationship in the range of 6.7~20.2ug/ml(R^(2)=0.9991).The average recovery was 99.9%and RSD was 1.10%(n=9).Conclusion:The standard is safe and reasonable,the method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and it can be used for the quality control of Danmu exract syrup.展开更多
<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The purpose of this study was to evaluate the palatability of dry syrups for pediatric use by human gustatory sensation testing and the artificial taste sensor. The b...<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The purpose of this study was to evaluate the palatability of dry syrups for pediatric use by human gustatory sensation testing and the artificial taste sensor. The bitterness intensities of dry syrups mixed with various beverages were also evaluated using the taste sensor. Twenty dry-syrup formulations of antibacterial and anti-allergic drugs containing bitter active ingredients, frequently used in pediatric medicine in Japan, were selected for testing. The main factors influencing palatability were determined by factor analysis of data from human gustatory sensation testing using the semantic differential method. It was shown that the bitterness intensity of dry syrups in water could be predicted by the artificial taste sensor. The influence of different beverages (orange juice, milk </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">or</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> cocoa) mixed with the dry syrups was evaluated using the artificial taste sensor.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Taste and texture were found to be the principal factors influencing the palatability of dry syrups. While the bitterness intensities of some dry syrups were increased by mixing with orange juice, the bitterness intensities of most dry syrups were decreased by mixing with milk or cocoa. This suggests that one or more constituents of milk or cocoa may reduce the bitterness intensities of dry syrups.</span>展开更多
The present work has been carried out on polyherbal formulation named as Linkus Syrup. The herbal formulation consists of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hyssopus officinalis, Piper longum and Alpinia galangal. The Linkus syrup p...The present work has been carried out on polyherbal formulation named as Linkus Syrup. The herbal formulation consists of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hyssopus officinalis, Piper longum and Alpinia galangal. The Linkus syrup physico-chemical evaluation such as pH, density, identification of polysaccharide, tanning agents, ascorbic acid and shelf life was complied. The TLC and quantitative determination of alkaloid were quantified. Determination of biomarker has been validated for the analysis of vasicine. The study result revealed that Linkus syrup formulation was well standardized at different levels such as physic-chemical consistency and assay of bio marker compound.展开更多
Grape syrup is a new type of healthdrink produced by the Zhuguang Drink Factoryin Wuhai City,Inner Mongolia. Grapes contain protein,amino acids,tartrate,vitamins and multi-minerals.Thisgrape syrup is prepared from the...Grape syrup is a new type of healthdrink produced by the Zhuguang Drink Factoryin Wuhai City,Inner Mongolia. Grapes contain protein,amino acids,tartrate,vitamins and multi-minerals.Thisgrape syrup is prepared from the big Wuhaigrapes,quality mineral water and the extractof seaweed.It contains 30% grape juice.With rich nutrients and sweet and refreshingtaste,it has the effect of nourishing展开更多
Background and objectives:Semisolid oral preparations(Avaleha)are used in Ayurvedic therapeutics.The problems with these preparations include a bitter taste and the use of a sugar base.Here,we aimed to modify the semi...Background and objectives:Semisolid oral preparations(Avaleha)are used in Ayurvedic therapeutics.The problems with these preparations include a bitter taste and the use of a sugar base.Here,we aimed to modify the semisolid Vasavaleha(VA)preparation to an oral solution(syrup)and to observe the efficacy of the VA syrup on patients with bronchial asthma.Methods:VA syrup was prepared by dissolving the water-soluble extracts of Adhatoda vasica leaves and Piper longum fruits in purified water;sorbitol solution and honey were used as sweeteners.Organoleptic tests as well as pH,specific gravity,and viscosity measurements were performed.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the VA syrup was carried out using an Agilent UHPLC-MS/Q-TOF(6545)system coupled with a Dual AJS ESI source.An open-label clinical trial of the VA syrup was performed on 13 patients with bronchial asthma at a dose of 10 mL(oral,twice a day)for 30 days.Results:The prepared VA syrup was brown in color and sweet in taste.The pH,specific gravity,and viscosity of the prepared VA syrup were 7.52,1.10,and 1.922,respectively.Piperine,piperdardine,vasicine,vasicol,vasicinol,and vasicinone were determined to be the major phytochemical compounds.This preparation significantly improved all clinical symptoms of asthma and lung function test results in patients with bronchial asthma.It had mucolytic,bronchodilator,and anti-allergic properties.It had no adverse effects at the indicated dose.Conclusions:The oral solution(syrup)might be an effective alternative for Ayurvedic semisolid preparations.The VA syrup may be taken as an alternative for VA as it was found to be an effective formulation for the management of bronchial asthma.展开更多
The effects of dietary inclusion of sugar syrup on quality of egg,cholesterol level,production performance,serum total protein and blood biochemical parameters were evaluated in laying hens.A total of300 commercial Lo...The effects of dietary inclusion of sugar syrup on quality of egg,cholesterol level,production performance,serum total protein and blood biochemical parameters were evaluated in laying hens.A total of300 commercial Lohmann LSL hens(30 weeks of age) were randomly distributed into 3 dietary treatments which consisted of a normal corn diet containing cornesoy and 2 diets containing 5% and 10%sugar syrup.Each treatment was replicated 5 times(n=20).Egg production,feed intake,body weight and egg weight of laying hens fed different diets were recorded.The experiment lasted for 20 weeks.The Haugh unit scores of hens fed diets with sugar syrup were significantly increased(P < 0.05) compared with the control treatment.The sugar syrup had no significant effect on liver enzymes,total protein,blood glucose and creatinine in all treatments.The eggs laid by hens fed sugar syrup diets had lower cholesterol level(P < 0.05) compared with those laid by hens fed the control diet.Electrophoresis analysis showed that comparable electrophoretic patterns were noticed between serum proteins of treatment groups.From the results,it can be concluded that sugar syrup diets and corn diets have similar effects on feed intake,body weight,production of eggs and blood biochemical parameters in layer hens,which suggests sugar syrup can be used as an energy source for replacing part of corn in poultry layer diets.展开更多
Background Maple syrup urine disease(MSUD)is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder that affects the degradation of branched-chain amino acids and is associated with acute and chronic brain dysfunction.This study p...Background Maple syrup urine disease(MSUD)is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder that affects the degradation of branched-chain amino acids and is associated with acute and chronic brain dysfunction.This study presents 11 new patients with MSUD and describes the clinical characteristics and gene mutations reported in Chinese individuals.Methods During 2011–2018,11 pedaitric patients with MSUD from 11 Chinese families were analyzed based on clinical characteristics and mass spectrometry,with confirmation via gene sequencing.Novel mutations affecting protein function were predicted with Mutation-Taster,PolyPhen-2,CADD and SIFT software.3D models of the mutated proteins were generated by using the SWISS-MODEL online server,and the models were visualized in PyMOL.The characteristics and gene mutations in patients with MSUD were analyzed retrospectively.Results Seventeen mutations in the BCKDHA,BCKDHB and DBT genes were found,8 of which are novel:c.55C>/T,c.349C>T,c.565C>T,c.808G>A,c.859C>G,and c.1270dupC in BCKDHA;c.275-2A>G in BCKDHB;and c.1291C>T in DBT.Eight patients died.Two patients had severe mental retardation and were physically handicapped.One patient with the intermediate type had relatively good prognosis,with mild psychomotor retardation and adiposity.Four mothers underwent amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis during their second pregnancy;two fetuses were wild type,and two were carriers of one heterozygous mutation.Conclusions Eight novel mutations were associated with MSUD in Chinese patients.Prenatal diagnosis was successfully performed by genetic analysis.Mutations in the BCKDHB gene were found in the majority of Chinese patients with MSUD.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effects of Danmu Extract Syrup(DMS) on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI) in mice and explore the mechanism.Methods:Seventy-two male Balb/C mice were randomly divided i...Objective:To investigate the effects of Danmu Extract Syrup(DMS) on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI) in mice and explore the mechanism.Methods:Seventy-two male Balb/C mice were randomly divided into 6 groups according to a random number table(n=12),including control(normal saline),LPS(5 mg/kg),LPS+DMS 2.5 mL/kg,LPS+DMS 5 mL/kg,LPS+DMS 10 mL/kg,and LPS+Dexamethasone(DXM,5 mg/kg) groups.After pretreatment with DMS and DXM,the ALI mice model was induced by LPS,and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were collected to determine protein concentration,cell counts and inflammatory cytokines.The lung tissues of mice were stained with hematoxylin-eosin,and the wet/dry weight ratio(W/D) of lung tissue was calculated.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-1βin BALF of mice were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The expression levels of Claudin-5,vascular endothelial(VE)-cadherin,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),phospho-protein kinase B(p-Akt) and Akt were detected by Western blot analysis.Results:DMS pre-treatment significantly ameliorated lung histopathological changes.Compared with the LPS group,the W/D ratio and protein contents in BALF were obviously reduced after DMS pretreatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The number of cells in BALF and myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity decreased significantly after DMS pretreatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01).DMS pre-treatment decreased the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β(P<0.01).Meanwhile,DMS activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt) pathway and reversed the expressions of Claudin-5,VE-cadherin and VEGF(P<0.01).Conclusions:DMS attenuated LPS-induced ALI in mice through repairing endothelial barrier.It might be a potential therapeutic drug for LPS-induced lung injury.展开更多
High fructose corn syrup has been industrially produced by converting glucose to fructose by glucose isomerases,tetrameric metalloenzymes widely used in industrial biocatalysis.Advances in enzyme engineering and comme...High fructose corn syrup has been industrially produced by converting glucose to fructose by glucose isomerases,tetrameric metalloenzymes widely used in industrial biocatalysis.Advances in enzyme engineering and commercial production of glucose isomerase have paved the way to explore more efficient variants of these enzymes.The 5-hydroxymethylfurfural can be produced from high fructose corn syrup catalytic dehydration,and it can be further converted into various furanic compounds chemically or biologically for various industrial applications as a promising platform chemical.Although the chemical conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into furanic compounds has been extensively investigated in recent years,bioconversion has shown promise for its mild conditions due to the harsh chemical reaction conditions.This review discusses pro-tein engineering potential for improving glucose isomerase production and recent advancements in bioconversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into value-added furanic derivatives.It suggests bi-ological strategies for the industrial transformation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.展开更多
Dietary energy for chickens normally includes cereal grains and fat. This innovative study investigated the effect of replacing part of the corn and fat in broiler chicken rations with graded levels of sugar syrup on ...Dietary energy for chickens normally includes cereal grains and fat. This innovative study investigated the effect of replacing part of the corn and fat in broiler chicken rations with graded levels of sugar syrup on growth performance and biochemical parameters. Experimental treatments consisted of feeding a corn-soy basal diet alone, or with graded levels of sugar syrup in increments of 5%, 10% and 15%. All starter diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Body weight gain and efficiency of feed utilization of chicks fed the control diet alone were not significantly(P < 0.05) different from chicks fed diets supplemented with either 5% or 15% sugar syrup. Supplementation of sugar syrup to broiler diets had no significant effect on blood glucose, creatinine, total protein, or liver enzymes. Adding 5% sugar syrup to broiler rations significantly decreased blood cholesterol and triglycerides in chickens fed the sugar syrup diet compared with birds fed the control diet. In conclusion, the results shows sugar syrup can be used in poultry ration to replace part of the corn as a source of energy. These results allowed the authors to recommend the safe usage of sugar syrup in broiler rations.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Maple syrup urine disease(MSUD)is a rare autosomal-recessive disorder that affects branched-chain amino acid(BCAA)metabolism and is named after the distinctive sweet odor of affected infants’urine.This disease is characterized by the accumulation of BCAAs and corresponding branched-chain ketoacids of leucine,isoleucine,and valine in the plasma,urine,and cerebrospinal fluid.However,the mechanisms of MSUD-induced brain damage remain poorly defined.The accumulation of BCAAs in the brain inhibits the activity of pyruvate dehydrogenase andα-ketoglutarate,disrupting the citric acid cycle and consequently impacting the synthesis of amino acids,causing cerebral edema and abnormal myelination.CASE SUMMARY We report three neonates admitted to our hospital with the classic subtype of MSUD.All three patients,with a transient normal period,presented with poor feeding,vomiting,poor weight gain,and increasing lethargy after birth.Laboratory testing revealed metabolic acidosis.The serum tandem mass spectrometry amino acid profile showed elevated plasma levels of BCAAs(leucine,isoleucine,and valine).Brain magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)presented abnormal signals mainly involving the globus pallidus,thalamus,internal capsule,brainstem,and cerebellar white matter,which represent the typical myelinated areas in normal full-term neonates.CONCLUSION In our patients,MRI showed typical features,in concordance with the available literature.Early detection and timely treatment are very helpful for the prognosis of MSUD patients.Therefore,we discuss the neuroimaging features of MSUD to enhance the knowledge of pediatricians about this disease.
文摘An attempt was made to preserve mango slices by treating with 2% calcium chloride solution followed by dipping into sugar syrup of different concentrations i.e. 50°, 60° and 70 °Brix respectively. The treated slices were subjected for drying in different modes of drying （oven, microwave oven and cabinet tray drying） and analyzed for various physico-chemical and organoleptic quality characteristics. The study revealed that the osmo-air dried slices of mango produced with partial dehydration facilitated by osmotic agent （sugar syrup of 60 °Brix. A fruit： sugar syrup ratio of 1：4 （w/v） for 18 h at 40 ℃ temperature） followed by mechanical drying showed superiority in sensorial quality attributes over other concentrations of ingredients and the rest of the modes of drying. The good quality osmotically dehydrated mango slices could be preserved with maximum retentions of vitamins with better dehydration, rehydration and sensorial quality characteristics.
基金This study was supported by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences(grant number:184)。
文摘Objective:To evaluate the protective effects of honey compound syrup on sperm count and testis tissue in rats.Methods:Thirty rats were randomly assigned to five groups.The control group received 1 mL normal saline with dimethyl sulfoxide intraperitoneally;the busulfan group received busulfan 10 mg/kg body weight at the first and twenty-first days of the experiment via intraperitoneal injection;the last three groups received busulfan 10 mg/kg body weight to induce azoospermia,and then received 1.0,1.5,or 2.0 mg/kg honey compound syrup,respectively,after induction of azoospermia.After administration,the testis and epididymis of all rats were removed.Then,reproductive organ weight and sperm parameters(sperm concentration,epididymal sperm reserve and daily sperm production)were measured.After hematoxylin-eosin staining,seminiferous tubule cells and diameters were assessed.Results:Busulfan damaged the testis tissue and impaired spermatogenesis.Administration of honey compound syrup in three doses improved testis tissue and spermatogenesis.The protective effects of honey compound syrup may relate to the antioxidant properties of honey and other compounds in this syrup.Conclusions:Administration of honey compound syrup could be an ameliorative agent for the side effects of chemotherapy drugs such as busulfan on the male reproductive system.
文摘This research aimed to establish near infrared(NIR)spectroscopy models for identification ofsyrup types in which the maple syrup was discriminated from other syrup types.Thirty syruptypes were used in this research;the NIR spectra of each type were recorded with 10 replicates.The repeatability and reproducibility of NIR scamning were perfomed,and the absorbance atG940cn-1 was used for calculation,.Principal component analysis was used to group the syruptype.Identification models were developed by soft independent modeling by,class analogy(SIMCA)and partial least-squares diseriminant analysis(PLS.DA),The SiMCA models of alsyrup types exhibited accuracy percentage of 93.3-100%for identifying syrup types,whereasmaple syrup discrimination models showed percentage of accuracy between 83.2%and 100%.The PLS-DA technique gave the accuracy of syrup types classification bet ween 96.6%and 100%and presented ability on discrimination of maple syrup form other types of syrup with accuracyof 100%.The finding presented the potential of NIR spectroscopy for the syrup typeidentification.
文摘A major economical industrial challenge from pineapple (Ananas sp.) processing contributing to environmental pollution is the organic side-streams of pineapple. The physicochemical, proximate and sensory properties of organic sidestream pineapple syrup (OSPS) developed from Smooth cayenne, Sugar loaf and MD2 pineapple varieties were evaluated. Organic side-stream pineapple syrup developed from MD2 recorded the highest moisture content with a corresponding water activity. The colour change in OSPS was significant among the three varieties and Sugar loaf variety deviated from the standard yellow colour more than Smooth cayenne and MD2 varieties. This was buttress by the high Total Soluble Solids in 10% and 20% dilutions of Sugar loaf. The OSPS was acidic. In bread, incorporating 5% OSPS (w:w) of Sugar loaf recorded the highest percentage acceptability among the pineapple varieties. Interestingly, in the production of cakes with 15%, 20% and 30% OSPS, MD2 recorded the highest percentage overall acceptance. For bread and cake, there was varied significance (P 2 and 5% Sugar loaf was more acceptable.
文摘D-Psicose is a rare sugar present in small quantities in natural products. In a previous study, we showed that D-psicose suppresses increase in plasma glucose and reduces body fat accumulation in rats. Based on acute and chronic toxicity testing in rats, D-psicose is classified as an ordinary and safe substance. Recently, we developed a high D-psicose syrup (PS) made from high fructose corn syrup (HFCS) by the alkaline isomerization method. However, the safety of PS as a food additive has not been demonstrated. In this study, we investigated the effects of 90-day feeding of PS in male Wistar rats. The rats were fed diets containing 3% D-psicose (control) or 4.3% PS for 90 days. The body weight gain and intra-abdominal adipose tissue weight did not differ between the control and PS group. The weights of the tissues did not differ between the two dietary groups. In clinical chemistry and hematological analyses, no differences were found between the control and PS groups. No gross pathological findings were evident at dietary doses of 4.3% PS. Therefore, the present study found no adverse effects of PS in rats fed a diet containing 4.3% PS for 90 days.
基金Supported by the Guangzhou Science Technology and Innovation Commission,No.202102020133。
文摘BACKGROUND Maple syrup urine disease(MSUD)is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder caused by defects in the catabolism of the branched-chain amino acids(BCAAs).However,the clinical and metabolic screening is limited in identifying all MSUD patients,especially those patients with mild phenotypes or are asymptomatic.This study aims to share the diagnostic experience of an intermediate MSUD case who was missed by metabolic profiling but identified by genetic analysis.CASE SUMMARY This study reports the diagnostic process of a boy with intermediate MSUD.The proband presented with psychomotor retardation and cerebral lesions on magnetic resonance imaging scans at 8 mo of age.Preliminary clinical and metabolic profiling did not support a specific disease.However,whole exome sequencing and subsequent Sanger sequencing at 1 year and 7 mo of age identified bi-allelic pathogenic variants of the BCKDHB gene,confirming the proband as having MSUD with non-classic mild phenotypes.His clinical and laboratory data were retrospectively analyzed.According to his disease course,he was classified into an intermediate form of MSUD.His management was then changed to BCAAs restriction and metabolic monitoring conforming to MSUD.In addition,genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis were provided to his parents.CONCLUSION Our work provides diagnostic experience of an intermediate MSUD case,suggesting that a genetic analysis is important for ambiguous cases,and alerts clinicians to avoid missing patients with non-classic mild phenotypes of MSUD.
基金Key science and technology project of Hainan province(No.ZDKJ201805)。
文摘Objective:To establish the quality standard of Danmu exract syrup.Methods:TLC method was used to qualitatively identify Nauclea officinalis in Danmu exract syrup.The content of strictosamide and chlorogenic acid in Danmu exract syrup was determined by high efficiency axillary chromatography.Results:The spots were clear and there was no negative interference.The linear relationship of strictosamide was good in the range of 100~300ug/ml(R^(2)=0.9997).The average recovery was 99.1%and RSD was 1.16%(n=9).Chlorogenic acid had a good linear relationship in the range of 6.7~20.2ug/ml(R^(2)=0.9991).The average recovery was 99.9%and RSD was 1.10%(n=9).Conclusion:The standard is safe and reasonable,the method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and it can be used for the quality control of Danmu exract syrup.
文摘<span style="font-family:Verdana;">The purpose of this study was to evaluate the palatability of dry syrups for pediatric use by human gustatory sensation testing and the artificial taste sensor. The bitterness intensities of dry syrups mixed with various beverages were also evaluated using the taste sensor. Twenty dry-syrup formulations of antibacterial and anti-allergic drugs containing bitter active ingredients, frequently used in pediatric medicine in Japan, were selected for testing. The main factors influencing palatability were determined by factor analysis of data from human gustatory sensation testing using the semantic differential method. It was shown that the bitterness intensity of dry syrups in water could be predicted by the artificial taste sensor. The influence of different beverages (orange juice, milk </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">or</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> cocoa) mixed with the dry syrups was evaluated using the artificial taste sensor.</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Taste and texture were found to be the principal factors influencing the palatability of dry syrups. While the bitterness intensities of some dry syrups were increased by mixing with orange juice, the bitterness intensities of most dry syrups were decreased by mixing with milk or cocoa. This suggests that one or more constituents of milk or cocoa may reduce the bitterness intensities of dry syrups.</span>
文摘The present work has been carried out on polyherbal formulation named as Linkus Syrup. The herbal formulation consists of Glycyrrhiza glabra, Hyssopus officinalis, Piper longum and Alpinia galangal. The Linkus syrup physico-chemical evaluation such as pH, density, identification of polysaccharide, tanning agents, ascorbic acid and shelf life was complied. The TLC and quantitative determination of alkaloid were quantified. Determination of biomarker has been validated for the analysis of vasicine. The study result revealed that Linkus syrup formulation was well standardized at different levels such as physic-chemical consistency and assay of bio marker compound.
文摘Grape syrup is a new type of healthdrink produced by the Zhuguang Drink Factoryin Wuhai City,Inner Mongolia. Grapes contain protein,amino acids,tartrate,vitamins and multi-minerals.Thisgrape syrup is prepared from the big Wuhaigrapes,quality mineral water and the extractof seaweed.It contains 30% grape juice.With rich nutrients and sweet and refreshingtaste,it has the effect of nourishing
文摘Background and objectives:Semisolid oral preparations(Avaleha)are used in Ayurvedic therapeutics.The problems with these preparations include a bitter taste and the use of a sugar base.Here,we aimed to modify the semisolid Vasavaleha(VA)preparation to an oral solution(syrup)and to observe the efficacy of the VA syrup on patients with bronchial asthma.Methods:VA syrup was prepared by dissolving the water-soluble extracts of Adhatoda vasica leaves and Piper longum fruits in purified water;sorbitol solution and honey were used as sweeteners.Organoleptic tests as well as pH,specific gravity,and viscosity measurements were performed.Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis of the VA syrup was carried out using an Agilent UHPLC-MS/Q-TOF(6545)system coupled with a Dual AJS ESI source.An open-label clinical trial of the VA syrup was performed on 13 patients with bronchial asthma at a dose of 10 mL(oral,twice a day)for 30 days.Results:The prepared VA syrup was brown in color and sweet in taste.The pH,specific gravity,and viscosity of the prepared VA syrup were 7.52,1.10,and 1.922,respectively.Piperine,piperdardine,vasicine,vasicol,vasicinol,and vasicinone were determined to be the major phytochemical compounds.This preparation significantly improved all clinical symptoms of asthma and lung function test results in patients with bronchial asthma.It had mucolytic,bronchodilator,and anti-allergic properties.It had no adverse effects at the indicated dose.Conclusions:The oral solution(syrup)might be an effective alternative for Ayurvedic semisolid preparations.The VA syrup may be taken as an alternative for VA as it was found to be an effective formulation for the management of bronchial asthma.
文摘The effects of dietary inclusion of sugar syrup on quality of egg,cholesterol level,production performance,serum total protein and blood biochemical parameters were evaluated in laying hens.A total of300 commercial Lohmann LSL hens(30 weeks of age) were randomly distributed into 3 dietary treatments which consisted of a normal corn diet containing cornesoy and 2 diets containing 5% and 10%sugar syrup.Each treatment was replicated 5 times(n=20).Egg production,feed intake,body weight and egg weight of laying hens fed different diets were recorded.The experiment lasted for 20 weeks.The Haugh unit scores of hens fed diets with sugar syrup were significantly increased(P < 0.05) compared with the control treatment.The sugar syrup had no significant effect on liver enzymes,total protein,blood glucose and creatinine in all treatments.The eggs laid by hens fed sugar syrup diets had lower cholesterol level(P < 0.05) compared with those laid by hens fed the control diet.Electrophoresis analysis showed that comparable electrophoretic patterns were noticed between serum proteins of treatment groups.From the results,it can be concluded that sugar syrup diets and corn diets have similar effects on feed intake,body weight,production of eggs and blood biochemical parameters in layer hens,which suggests sugar syrup can be used as an energy source for replacing part of corn in poultry layer diets.
基金This work was supported by Grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFC0905100).
文摘Background Maple syrup urine disease(MSUD)is an autosomal recessive inherited disorder that affects the degradation of branched-chain amino acids and is associated with acute and chronic brain dysfunction.This study presents 11 new patients with MSUD and describes the clinical characteristics and gene mutations reported in Chinese individuals.Methods During 2011–2018,11 pedaitric patients with MSUD from 11 Chinese families were analyzed based on clinical characteristics and mass spectrometry,with confirmation via gene sequencing.Novel mutations affecting protein function were predicted with Mutation-Taster,PolyPhen-2,CADD and SIFT software.3D models of the mutated proteins were generated by using the SWISS-MODEL online server,and the models were visualized in PyMOL.The characteristics and gene mutations in patients with MSUD were analyzed retrospectively.Results Seventeen mutations in the BCKDHA,BCKDHB and DBT genes were found,8 of which are novel:c.55C>/T,c.349C>T,c.565C>T,c.808G>A,c.859C>G,and c.1270dupC in BCKDHA;c.275-2A>G in BCKDHB;and c.1291C>T in DBT.Eight patients died.Two patients had severe mental retardation and were physically handicapped.One patient with the intermediate type had relatively good prognosis,with mild psychomotor retardation and adiposity.Four mothers underwent amniocentesis for prenatal diagnosis during their second pregnancy;two fetuses were wild type,and two were carriers of one heterozygous mutation.Conclusions Eight novel mutations were associated with MSUD in Chinese patients.Prenatal diagnosis was successfully performed by genetic analysis.Mutations in the BCKDHB gene were found in the majority of Chinese patients with MSUD.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.82160826)Hainan Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No.2019RC207)。
文摘Objective:To investigate the effects of Danmu Extract Syrup(DMS) on lipopolysaccharide(LPS)-induced acute lung injury(ALI) in mice and explore the mechanism.Methods:Seventy-two male Balb/C mice were randomly divided into 6 groups according to a random number table(n=12),including control(normal saline),LPS(5 mg/kg),LPS+DMS 2.5 mL/kg,LPS+DMS 5 mL/kg,LPS+DMS 10 mL/kg,and LPS+Dexamethasone(DXM,5 mg/kg) groups.After pretreatment with DMS and DXM,the ALI mice model was induced by LPS,and the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid(BALF) were collected to determine protein concentration,cell counts and inflammatory cytokines.The lung tissues of mice were stained with hematoxylin-eosin,and the wet/dry weight ratio(W/D) of lung tissue was calculated.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),interleukin(IL)-6 and IL-1βin BALF of mice were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.The expression levels of Claudin-5,vascular endothelial(VE)-cadherin,vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF),phospho-protein kinase B(p-Akt) and Akt were detected by Western blot analysis.Results:DMS pre-treatment significantly ameliorated lung histopathological changes.Compared with the LPS group,the W/D ratio and protein contents in BALF were obviously reduced after DMS pretreatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The number of cells in BALF and myeloperoxidase(MPO) activity decreased significantly after DMS pretreatment(P<0.05 or P<0.01).DMS pre-treatment decreased the levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-1β(P<0.01).Meanwhile,DMS activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B(PI3K/Akt) pathway and reversed the expressions of Claudin-5,VE-cadherin and VEGF(P<0.01).Conclusions:DMS attenuated LPS-induced ALI in mice through repairing endothelial barrier.It might be a potential therapeutic drug for LPS-induced lung injury.
基金supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(Grant number RGPIN-2017-05366)to WQ.
文摘High fructose corn syrup has been industrially produced by converting glucose to fructose by glucose isomerases,tetrameric metalloenzymes widely used in industrial biocatalysis.Advances in enzyme engineering and commercial production of glucose isomerase have paved the way to explore more efficient variants of these enzymes.The 5-hydroxymethylfurfural can be produced from high fructose corn syrup catalytic dehydration,and it can be further converted into various furanic compounds chemically or biologically for various industrial applications as a promising platform chemical.Although the chemical conversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into furanic compounds has been extensively investigated in recent years,bioconversion has shown promise for its mild conditions due to the harsh chemical reaction conditions.This review discusses pro-tein engineering potential for improving glucose isomerase production and recent advancements in bioconversion of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into value-added furanic derivatives.It suggests bi-ological strategies for the industrial transformation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural.
文摘Dietary energy for chickens normally includes cereal grains and fat. This innovative study investigated the effect of replacing part of the corn and fat in broiler chicken rations with graded levels of sugar syrup on growth performance and biochemical parameters. Experimental treatments consisted of feeding a corn-soy basal diet alone, or with graded levels of sugar syrup in increments of 5%, 10% and 15%. All starter diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. Body weight gain and efficiency of feed utilization of chicks fed the control diet alone were not significantly(P < 0.05) different from chicks fed diets supplemented with either 5% or 15% sugar syrup. Supplementation of sugar syrup to broiler diets had no significant effect on blood glucose, creatinine, total protein, or liver enzymes. Adding 5% sugar syrup to broiler rations significantly decreased blood cholesterol and triglycerides in chickens fed the sugar syrup diet compared with birds fed the control diet. In conclusion, the results shows sugar syrup can be used in poultry ration to replace part of the corn as a source of energy. These results allowed the authors to recommend the safe usage of sugar syrup in broiler rations.
