Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae(Psa)causes destructive kiwifruit bacterial canker by invading vascular tissues across multiple plant organs.However,the cellular mechanism underlying its systemic transmission and ce...Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae(Psa)causes destructive kiwifruit bacterial canker by invading vascular tissues across multiple plant organs.However,the cellular mechanism underlying its systemic transmission and cell-to-cell movement within these specialized vascular conduits remains unclear.In this study,a Psa-GFP strain and various microscopic techniques were used to investigate the interaction between kiwifruit and Psa.Our results reveal that Psa strategically exploits host vascular conduits for systemic movement,with the xylem vessel being the predominant avenue.In the phloem,Psa exhibits adaptive alteration in bacterial shape to traverse sieve pores,facilitating its systemic spread along sieve tubes and inducing phloem necrosis.Within the xylem,Psa breaches pit membranes to migrate between adjacent vessels.Furthermore,phloem fibers act as an initial barrier at the early stages of infection,delaying Psa's entry into vascular tissues during its journey to the xylem.Additionally,at the junctions of stemestem or stem-leaf,branch trace or leaf trace mediates the bacterial organ-to-organ translocation,thus facilitating the systemic progression of disease.In conclusion,our findings shed light on the cellular mechanism employed by Psa to exploit the woody plant's vascular network for infection,thereby enhancing a better understanding of the biology of this poorly defined bacterium.These insights carry implications for the pathogenesis of Psa and other vascular pathogens,offering theoretical guidance for effective control strategies.展开更多
The flower of Syringa pubescens Turcz.(SP),was used as both medicine and food in China,exhibited various biological activities.However,it remains unknown whether SP affects ameliorative nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NA...The flower of Syringa pubescens Turcz.(SP),was used as both medicine and food in China,exhibited various biological activities.However,it remains unknown whether SP affects ameliorative nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).In this study,the improvement of SP ethyl acetate extract(SPE)on NASH was evaluated and the potential mechanisms were explored.The glycosides of SPE were determined by HPLC method.Hep G2 cell lines were treated with free fatty acid to clarify the improvement effect and mechanisms of SPE on NASH in vitro.C57BL/6J mice were treated by 60%kcal high-fat diet(HFD)combined with carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4)to establish the NASH model in vivo.The results showed SPE could inhibit the hepatic injury and lipid steatosis by decreasing the levels of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,triglyceride and total cholesterol in vitro and in vivo.The SPE suppressed the oxidative stress and inflammation by restraining the generation of reactive oxygen species,malondialdehyde,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase,catalase and glutathione peroxidase in NASH model.Moreover,SPE declined the level of fibrosis markers including hydroxyproline,type I collagen andα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)in HFD combined CCl_4-induced mice.Mechanically,SPE inhibited hepatocellular Kelch like ECH associated protein 1 expression and promoted nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)nuclear translocation,which suppressed the phosphorylation of IκBα/NF-κB.In addition,SPE down-regulated the level of transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1)and phosphorylation of Smad2 to mitigate fibrosis.In brief,SPE could significantly alleviate lipid accumulation,oxidative stress,inflammation and fibrosis via regulating Nrf2/HO-1,IκBα/NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad2 pathways in the progression of NASH,which indicated that SPE had the potential to be a novel and effective drug or food supplements for the improvement of NASH.展开更多
The fresh pollen vitality, the effect of different storage conditions on the pollen vitality, and the difference of vitality among the species of seven species of Syringa were determined in Shenyang, China. The result...The fresh pollen vitality, the effect of different storage conditions on the pollen vitality, and the difference of vitality among the species of seven species of Syringa were determined in Shenyang, China. The results indicated that the pollen vi-tality (81.5%) of Syringa villosa was the highest among the seven tested species, followed by S. microphylla and S. meyeri, and that of S. oblata var. affinis was the lowest. The low temperature was the best condition for storage of pollen of Syringa, and the most proper temperature for the storage was 0-2 癈. The storability of S. microphylla was the best of all, and it could be stored over 60 days at the temperature of 0-2 癈, next was S. villosa and S. meyeri.展开更多
Syringa species not only have good ornamental properties but also play an important role in the landscaping and environmental purification of cities.To investigate the chilling stress resistance of Syringa oblata Lind...Syringa species not only have good ornamental properties but also play an important role in the landscaping and environmental purification of cities.To investigate the chilling stress resistance of Syringa oblata Lindl.and Syringa reticulata var.mandshurica and provide theoretical grounds for the practical cultivation of Syringa species,in vitro leaves were used to study photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters.After nine hours of chilling,decreasing rates of net photosynthesis,stomatal conductance,and transpiration in S.reticulata var.mandshurica leaves were significantly greater than that of the S.oblata,while intercellular CO2 concentrations in S.oblata leaves were higher than those in S.reticulata var.mandshurica.The quantum yield of PSII reaction center(APSII)declined in S.reticulata and light capture efficiency(Fv 0/Fm 0)was stable.However,reduction percentages of Fv 0/Fm 0,APSII,and Fv/Fm in S.oblata were significant higher than those of S.reticulata var.mandshurica.After nine hours of chilling,the relative variable fluorescence of VJ and VI of S.oblata increased and the increasing rate of VJ was greater than VI.In contrast,the change of VJ and VI in S.reticulata var.mandshurica leaves was relatively small.This suggests that chilling primarily damaged the electron transport process of QA to QB at the receptor site of the PSII reaction center.Photosynthetic capacity of S.oblata was more sensitive to chilling stress compared to S.reticulate var.mandshurica,which the limitations were mainly due to non-stomatal factors such as the decrease in electron transport efficiency,activity in the PSII reaction center,and the destruction of the photodamage defense system.展开更多
Embryo of lilacs (Syringa L) culture in vitro and the rapid propagation were studied. The orthogonal experiments, in-cluding the selection of basal medium, embryo age and other factors such as sugar, benzyladenine (BA...Embryo of lilacs (Syringa L) culture in vitro and the rapid propagation were studied. The orthogonal experiments, in-cluding the selection of basal medium, embryo age and other factors such as sugar, benzyladenine (BA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and glutamine (Gln), were carried out. The results indicated that the optimal medium for embryo culture was Monnier medium supplemented with NAA (0.001 mgL-1), BA (0.1 mgL-1), sugar (50 gL-1), and Gln (400 mgL-1), with a germination rate of 91.7% at least; the optimal embryo age was 50 d; and Gln had significant effects on the germination rate of embryo. Moreover, the optimal medium for subculture was MS+BA (2 mgL-1)+NAA (0.001 mgL-1)+Gln (0.5 mgL-1), with the propaga-tion coefficient of 3.6 at least.展开更多
[ Objective ] The paper was to confirrm the effect of hrpZpsg12 gene on the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. [ Method ] hrpZpsg12 gene was cloned from P. syringae using PCR method. The knockout plas...[ Objective ] The paper was to confirrm the effect of hrpZpsg12 gene on the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. [ Method ] hrpZpsg12 gene was cloned from P. syringae using PCR method. The knockout plasmid pKNOCK-Cm with suicide characteristics and cosmid pUFR034 with complementation func- tion were used to construct the mutation vector pKNOCK477-7 and complementary vector pUFR1026-68 of hrpZpsg12 gene, the mutant 477-1 and the functional com- plementation unit 1026-5 of the gene was also screened out. Three strains including wild-type Psg12, mutant 477-1 and complementary unit 1026-5 were simultane- ously inoculated into soybean leaves and tobacco leaves, then pathogenicity determination and hypersensitive reaction analysis were carried out. [ Result] All the inoculated leaves of soybean and tobacco produced reaction lesion. However, the sizes of reaction lesion were different. The lesion in the leaves inoculated with Psgl2 was relatively large, while the lesion in the leaves inoculated with 477-1 was relatively small; the lesion of complementary unit 1026-5 was similar to wild- type Psgl2. Analysis of reproduction quantity of bacteria in lesions showed that the reproduction quantity of wild-type Psg12 was the highest, while that of mutant 477-1 was the lowest. The reproduction quantity of complementary unit 1026-5 was similar to that of wild-type Psg12. [ Conclusion] hrpZpsg12 gene could enhance the pathogenicity of P. syrimgae on Soybean and produce hypersensitive response in tobacco.展开更多
Through the survey of current situation of application of Syringa in Beijing City, the paper concluded the collocation method of Syringa, and proposed some suggestions on the application of Syringa in Beijing City in ...Through the survey of current situation of application of Syringa in Beijing City, the paper concluded the collocation method of Syringa, and proposed some suggestions on the application of Syringa in Beijing City in future.展开更多
基金supported by grants from the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2022YFD1400200)the Special Support Plan for High-Level Talent of Shaanxi Provincethe First-Class Universities and Academic Programs of Northwest A&F University.
文摘Pseudomonas syringae pv.actinidiae(Psa)causes destructive kiwifruit bacterial canker by invading vascular tissues across multiple plant organs.However,the cellular mechanism underlying its systemic transmission and cell-to-cell movement within these specialized vascular conduits remains unclear.In this study,a Psa-GFP strain and various microscopic techniques were used to investigate the interaction between kiwifruit and Psa.Our results reveal that Psa strategically exploits host vascular conduits for systemic movement,with the xylem vessel being the predominant avenue.In the phloem,Psa exhibits adaptive alteration in bacterial shape to traverse sieve pores,facilitating its systemic spread along sieve tubes and inducing phloem necrosis.Within the xylem,Psa breaches pit membranes to migrate between adjacent vessels.Furthermore,phloem fibers act as an initial barrier at the early stages of infection,delaying Psa's entry into vascular tissues during its journey to the xylem.Additionally,at the junctions of stemestem or stem-leaf,branch trace or leaf trace mediates the bacterial organ-to-organ translocation,thus facilitating the systemic progression of disease.In conclusion,our findings shed light on the cellular mechanism employed by Psa to exploit the woody plant's vascular network for infection,thereby enhancing a better understanding of the biology of this poorly defined bacterium.These insights carry implications for the pathogenesis of Psa and other vascular pathogens,offering theoretical guidance for effective control strategies.
基金supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(U1804175,32270418)the Joint Fund of Provincial Science and Technology Research and Development plan of Henan Province(232103810055,232301420100)。
文摘The flower of Syringa pubescens Turcz.(SP),was used as both medicine and food in China,exhibited various biological activities.However,it remains unknown whether SP affects ameliorative nonalcoholic steatohepatitis(NASH).In this study,the improvement of SP ethyl acetate extract(SPE)on NASH was evaluated and the potential mechanisms were explored.The glycosides of SPE were determined by HPLC method.Hep G2 cell lines were treated with free fatty acid to clarify the improvement effect and mechanisms of SPE on NASH in vitro.C57BL/6J mice were treated by 60%kcal high-fat diet(HFD)combined with carbon tetrachloride(CCl_4)to establish the NASH model in vivo.The results showed SPE could inhibit the hepatic injury and lipid steatosis by decreasing the levels of alanine aminotransferase,aspartate aminotransferase,triglyceride and total cholesterol in vitro and in vivo.The SPE suppressed the oxidative stress and inflammation by restraining the generation of reactive oxygen species,malondialdehyde,interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and enhancing the activity of antioxidant enzymes including superoxide dismutase,catalase and glutathione peroxidase in NASH model.Moreover,SPE declined the level of fibrosis markers including hydroxyproline,type I collagen andα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA)in HFD combined CCl_4-induced mice.Mechanically,SPE inhibited hepatocellular Kelch like ECH associated protein 1 expression and promoted nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2(Nrf2)nuclear translocation,which suppressed the phosphorylation of IκBα/NF-κB.In addition,SPE down-regulated the level of transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1)and phosphorylation of Smad2 to mitigate fibrosis.In brief,SPE could significantly alleviate lipid accumulation,oxidative stress,inflammation and fibrosis via regulating Nrf2/HO-1,IκBα/NF-κB and TGF-β1/Smad2 pathways in the progression of NASH,which indicated that SPE had the potential to be a novel and effective drug or food supplements for the improvement of NASH.
基金This research is supported by the NKBRSF (G1999043407-1) Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KZCX2-406 & SCXZD0101).
文摘The fresh pollen vitality, the effect of different storage conditions on the pollen vitality, and the difference of vitality among the species of seven species of Syringa were determined in Shenyang, China. The results indicated that the pollen vi-tality (81.5%) of Syringa villosa was the highest among the seven tested species, followed by S. microphylla and S. meyeri, and that of S. oblata var. affinis was the lowest. The low temperature was the best condition for storage of pollen of Syringa, and the most proper temperature for the storage was 0-2 癈. The storability of S. microphylla was the best of all, and it could be stored over 60 days at the temperature of 0-2 癈, next was S. villosa and S. meyeri.
文摘Syringa species not only have good ornamental properties but also play an important role in the landscaping and environmental purification of cities.To investigate the chilling stress resistance of Syringa oblata Lindl.and Syringa reticulata var.mandshurica and provide theoretical grounds for the practical cultivation of Syringa species,in vitro leaves were used to study photosynthetic gas exchange parameters and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters.After nine hours of chilling,decreasing rates of net photosynthesis,stomatal conductance,and transpiration in S.reticulata var.mandshurica leaves were significantly greater than that of the S.oblata,while intercellular CO2 concentrations in S.oblata leaves were higher than those in S.reticulata var.mandshurica.The quantum yield of PSII reaction center(APSII)declined in S.reticulata and light capture efficiency(Fv 0/Fm 0)was stable.However,reduction percentages of Fv 0/Fm 0,APSII,and Fv/Fm in S.oblata were significant higher than those of S.reticulata var.mandshurica.After nine hours of chilling,the relative variable fluorescence of VJ and VI of S.oblata increased and the increasing rate of VJ was greater than VI.In contrast,the change of VJ and VI in S.reticulata var.mandshurica leaves was relatively small.This suggests that chilling primarily damaged the electron transport process of QA to QB at the receptor site of the PSII reaction center.Photosynthetic capacity of S.oblata was more sensitive to chilling stress compared to S.reticulate var.mandshurica,which the limitations were mainly due to non-stomatal factors such as the decrease in electron transport efficiency,activity in the PSII reaction center,and the destruction of the photodamage defense system.
基金the NKBRSF (G1999043407-1) and National Key Technologies R & D Program (2001BA510B07 & 2002BA516A20).
文摘Embryo of lilacs (Syringa L) culture in vitro and the rapid propagation were studied. The orthogonal experiments, in-cluding the selection of basal medium, embryo age and other factors such as sugar, benzyladenine (BA), naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and glutamine (Gln), were carried out. The results indicated that the optimal medium for embryo culture was Monnier medium supplemented with NAA (0.001 mgL-1), BA (0.1 mgL-1), sugar (50 gL-1), and Gln (400 mgL-1), with a germination rate of 91.7% at least; the optimal embryo age was 50 d; and Gln had significant effects on the germination rate of embryo. Moreover, the optimal medium for subculture was MS+BA (2 mgL-1)+NAA (0.001 mgL-1)+Gln (0.5 mgL-1), with the propaga-tion coefficient of 3.6 at least.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Foundation Project of Jilin Agricultural University" hrpZ Psg12 Protein Function of Pseudomonas syringae pv.glycinea" (384)Major Project of Cultivation of Genetically Modified Biological New Varieties of "Eleventh Five-Year Plan" of Ministry of Agriculture"Cultivation of New Transgenic Varieties of Soybean with Diseases and Pests Resistance"(2008ZX08004-004)~~
文摘[ Objective ] The paper was to confirrm the effect of hrpZpsg12 gene on the pathogenicity of Pseudomonas syringae pv. glycinea. [ Method ] hrpZpsg12 gene was cloned from P. syringae using PCR method. The knockout plasmid pKNOCK-Cm with suicide characteristics and cosmid pUFR034 with complementation func- tion were used to construct the mutation vector pKNOCK477-7 and complementary vector pUFR1026-68 of hrpZpsg12 gene, the mutant 477-1 and the functional com- plementation unit 1026-5 of the gene was also screened out. Three strains including wild-type Psg12, mutant 477-1 and complementary unit 1026-5 were simultane- ously inoculated into soybean leaves and tobacco leaves, then pathogenicity determination and hypersensitive reaction analysis were carried out. [ Result] All the inoculated leaves of soybean and tobacco produced reaction lesion. However, the sizes of reaction lesion were different. The lesion in the leaves inoculated with Psgl2 was relatively large, while the lesion in the leaves inoculated with 477-1 was relatively small; the lesion of complementary unit 1026-5 was similar to wild- type Psgl2. Analysis of reproduction quantity of bacteria in lesions showed that the reproduction quantity of wild-type Psg12 was the highest, while that of mutant 477-1 was the lowest. The reproduction quantity of complementary unit 1026-5 was similar to that of wild-type Psg12. [ Conclusion] hrpZpsg12 gene could enhance the pathogenicity of P. syrimgae on Soybean and produce hypersensitive response in tobacco.
文摘Through the survey of current situation of application of Syringa in Beijing City, the paper concluded the collocation method of Syringa, and proposed some suggestions on the application of Syringa in Beijing City in future.
