BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental-health disorder worldwide.Several studies have demonstrated the effects of gut microbiota-targeting interventions,such as probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics(PPSP)...BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental-health disorder worldwide.Several studies have demonstrated the effects of gut microbiota-targeting interventions,such as probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics(PPSP),on depression.AIM To assess the potential benefits of PPSP on patients diagnosed with depressive disorder.METHODS A literature search of the PubMed,Web of Science,and Elsevier Science Direct databases for relevant studies published from database inception to March 2024 was performed.Studies that used a randomized controlled trial design and eva-luated differences in depression between PPSP and placebo were included.Depressive symptoms were assessed using a validated scale.Analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4(The Cochrane Collaboration,2020).RESULTS Fourteen studies comprising 906 patients with depressive symptoms were included.PPSP improved depression compared with placebo[SMD:-0.39(95%CI:-0.60 to-0.17);P<0.001].PPSP resulted in significant reductions in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale[MD:-1.72(95%CI:-2.57 to-0.88);P<0.001]and Beck Depression Inventory[MD:-2.69(95%CI:-4.67 to-0.71);P<0.001]scores.Sub-analysis confirmed the antidepressant effects of probiotics on depressive symp-toms[SMD:-0.32(95%CI:-0.48 to-0.16);P<0.001],with prebiotics exerting no apparent effect[SMD:-0.08(95%CI:-0.39 to-0.23);P=0.62],and synbiotics exerting statistically significant benefits[SMD:-1.09(95%CI:-1.45 to-0.73);P<0.001].CONCLUSION PPSP effectively alleviates depressive symptoms,and subgroup analysis supports the benefits of probiotics and synbiotics.Nevertheless,evidence supporting the use of PPSP for the treatment of depression remains insufficient.展开更多
Probiotics show anti-influenza activity,offering a potential variant-resistant alternative for infection prevention and control.In this study,we evaluated whether a specially formulated yogurt enriched with synbiotics...Probiotics show anti-influenza activity,offering a potential variant-resistant alternative for infection prevention and control.In this study,we evaluated whether a specially formulated yogurt enriched with synbiotics(named yogurt 1)with 7 probiotics and 6 prebiotics,has anti-influenza effects and its underlying mechanisms using a mouse model challenged with influenza virus H1N1 PR8 strain.The mice were treated with phosphate-buffered saline(negative control),yogurt matrix,yogurt 1,and oseltamivir(positive control),respectively.Yogurt 1 treatment improved the survival of infected mice(from 0%to 30%),alleviated pathological injuries in the lungs and colon,and reduced the viral load of influenza virus on day 3 and day 7 post-infection.Yogurt 1 also downregulated some inflammation-related signaling pathways and reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines or chemokines in the lungs or serum,including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and keratinocyte chemoattractant(KC).The levels of short-chain fatty acids in the cecal content were increased,the diversity of the intestinal flora was partially restored,and influenza-specific Ig G and interferon-secreting lymphocytes were enhanced following yogurt 1 administration.Thus,yogurt 1,as a commercial and easily accessible dairy product,demonstrated a notable anti-influenza effect in mice by inhibiting viral proliferation,suppressing excessive inflammatory responses,and promoting influenza virus-specific adaptive humoral and cellular immune responses,demonstrating its potential for influenza epidemic prevention and control.展开更多
A systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation on the effects of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mel...A systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation on the effects of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)based on data from randomized controlled trials(RCTs).We searched electronic databases including PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,and Web of Science to identify clinical trials published up to 31 March 2023.Data was pooled using a random-effects model if significant heterogeneity(I2>50%),otherwise use a fixed-effects model.Fifty-six trials that included 3317 patients were enrolled for analysis.Meta-analysis reported that probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation significantly reduced systolic blood pressure(SBP)(weighted mean difference(WMD):-3.57 mmHg,95% confidence interval(CI):-5.36,-1.78;P=0.000),diastolic blood pressure(DBP)(WMD:-2.05 mmHg,95%CI:-3.07,-1.04;P=0.000),triglycerides(TG)(WMD:-16.10 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.16,-12.05;P=0.000),total cholesterol(TC)(WMD:-14.00 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.46,-7.55;P=0.000),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)(WMD:-7.03 mg/dL,95%CI:-9.25,-4.81;P=0.000),fasting plasma glucose(FPG)(WMD:-16.57 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.39,-12.74;P=0.000),hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)(WMD:-0.44%,95%CI:-0.68,-0.20;P=0.000),insulin(standardized mean difference(SMD):-0.37,95%CI:-0.53,-0.21;P=0.000),homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)(WMD:-1.05,95%CI:-1.56,-0.54;P=0.000),C-reactive protein(CRP)(SMD:-0.35,95%CI:-0.57,-0.13;P=0.002),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)(SMD:-1.07,95%CI:-1.57,-0.56;P=0.000),interleukin-6(IL-6)(SMD:-0.37,95%CI:-0.61,-0.13;P=0.003)levels,they also increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)(WMD:3.70 mg/dL,95%CI:1.80,5.60;P=0.000)levels in T2DM patients,as compared to the placebo groups.This meta-analysis supports the use of probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation as an adjunctive therapy to improve blood pressure,glycemic control parameters,lipid profile and inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM,which are well-known cardiovascular risk factors.展开更多
The oyster mushroom(Pleurotus spp.)is one of the most widely cultivated mushroom species globally.The present study investigated the effect of synbiotics on the growth and quality of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus ...The oyster mushroom(Pleurotus spp.)is one of the most widely cultivated mushroom species globally.The present study investigated the effect of synbiotics on the growth and quality of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus pulmonarius.Different synbiotics formulations were applied by spraying mushroom samples daily and measuring their growth parameters,yield,biological efficiency,proximate composition,mineral content,total phenolic content(TPC),and diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH)radical scavenging activity.Results demonstrated that the most significant yield of oyster mushrooms was harvested from synbiotics sprayed with inulin and Lactobacillus casei(56.92 g).Likewise,the highest biological efficiency obtained with a similar synbiotic was 12.65%.Combining inulin and L.casei was the most effective method of improving the mushrooms'growth performance and nutrient content in both samples.Furthermore,synbiotics that combined inulin and L.casei resulted in the highest TPC(20.550 mg gallic acid equivalent(GAE)/g dry extract(DE))in white oyster mushrooms(P.ostreatus).In comparison,in grey mushroom(P.pulmonarius)the highest TPC was yielded by L.casei(1.098 mg GAE/g DE)followed by inulin and L.casei(1.079 mg GAE/g DE).The DPPH results indicated that the oyster mushroom could be an efficient antioxidant.The results revealed that applying synbiotics improved the mushrooms'quality by increasing their antioxidant capacity with higher amounts of phenolic compounds and offering better health benefits with the increased levels of mineral elements.Together,these studies demonstrated the potential of using synbiotics as a biofertilizer,which is helpful for mushroom cultivation;therefore,it might solve the challenge of inconsistent quality mushroom growers face.展开更多
Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer.Current treatments are all associated with a high risk of complications and a low success rate.Recently,synbiotics have been proposed as a new preventive and t...Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer.Current treatments are all associated with a high risk of complications and a low success rate.Recently,synbiotics have been proposed as a new preventive and therapeutic option.There is no direct experimental evidence for cancer suppression in humans as a result of the consumption of pro-,pre-or synbiotics.However,there is a wealth of evidence emerging from laboratory studies.The mechanisms by which pro-,pre-and synbiotics may inhibit colon cancer are now beginning to be understood and will be addressed in the present review.展开更多
AIM: To assess the clinical outcomes of pre-, pro-and synbiotics therapy in patients with acute pancreatitis. METHODS: The databases including Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Chinese Biomedic...AIM: To assess the clinical outcomes of pre-, pro-and synbiotics therapy in patients with acute pancreatitis. METHODS: The databases including Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Chinese Biomedicine Database were searched for all relevant randomized controlled trials that studied the effects of pre-, pro- or synbiotics in patients with acute pancreatitis. Main outcome measures were postoperative infections, pancreatic infections, multiple organ failure (MOF), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), length of hospital stay, antibiotic therapy and mortality. RESULTS: Seven randomized studies with 559 acute pancreatic patients were included. Pre-, pro-or synbiot-ics treatment showed no influence on the incidence of postoperative infections [odds ratios (OR) 0.30, 95% conf idence interval (CI): 0.09-1.02, P = 0.05], pancre- atic infection (OR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.12-2.17, P = 0.36), MOF (OR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.35-2.21, P = 0.79) and SIRS (OR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.20-2.98, P = 0.71). There were also no signif icant differences in the length of antibiotic therapy (OR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.50-1.14, P = 0.18) and the mortality (OR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.25-2.24, P = 0.61). However, Pre-, pro-or synbiotics treatment was associ- ated with a reduced length of hospital stay (OR -3.87, 95% CI: -6.20 to -1.54, P = 0.001). When stratifying for the severity of acute pancreatitis, the main results were similar. CONCLUSION: Pre-, pro-or synbiotics treatment shows no significant influence on patients with acute pancreatitis. There is a lack of evidence to support the use of probiotics/synbiotics in this area.展开更多
AIM: To investigate the effect of synbiotics, i.e. probiotics and prebiotics mixture, on the gut microbial ecology and digestive enzyme activities in rats. METHODS: Forty-eight SD rats weighing about 280 g were used i...AIM: To investigate the effect of synbiotics, i.e. probiotics and prebiotics mixture, on the gut microbial ecology and digestive enzyme activities in rats. METHODS: Forty-eight SD rats weighing about 280 g were used in this study. Rats were divided into three groups according to the contents of probiotics and prebiotics mixture in the feed as control, low and high dose groups. The duration of the experiment was 8 wk. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, thefecal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts were significantly increased and the fecal Coliform organism counts were markedly reduced in the low and high dose groups. Concerning the digestive enzyme activity of jejunum, only lactase activity increased in low dose group. However, significant increase of lipase, lactase, sucrase, and isomaltase activities were observed in high dose group.CONCLUSION: Intake of low and high dosages of probiotics and prebiotics mixture significantly improved the ecosystem of the intestinal tract by increasing the probiotics population and digestive enzyme activities in rats.展开更多
The paper was to investigate the effects of synbiotics and antibiotics on nutrient digestibility and serum antioxidant function of weaned piglets. Totally 216 individuals of 35-day-old piglets were randomly divided in...The paper was to investigate the effects of synbiotics and antibiotics on nutrient digestibility and serum antioxidant function of weaned piglets. Totally 216 individuals of 35-day-old piglets were randomly divided into three groups, six replicates for each group, and each replicate contained 12 piglets. The first group was antibiotics group, 20 g,/t colistin sulfate （active ingredients） were added in the basal diet; the second group was synbiotics group, 250 g/t synbiotics （contai- ning xylooligesaccharides, oligochitasan, Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium butyricum） were added in the basal diet; the third group was combination group, 20 g/t colistin sulfate and 250 g/t synbiotics were added in the basal diet. The whole trial lasted 28 d. The results showed that there was no difference between synbiotics group and antibiotic group in growth performance, nutrients digestibility or antioxidant indicators （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Compared with the piglets in synbiotics group and an- tibiotic group, piglets in combination group had higher digestibility of dry matter and organic matter, and higher T-SOD activity in serum （ P 〈 0.05 ）. It is conclu- ded that synbiotics can replace antibiotics for piglets at 35 -63 days of age. Synbiotics and antibiotic had the synergistic effect on nutrient digestibility and antioxi- dant function of piglets.展开更多
Salmonellosis is the most prevalent bacterial foodborne disease in many countries worldwide. Utilization of probiotics is one of the most accepted ways to reduce<span style="font-family:;" "="&q...Salmonellosis is the most prevalent bacterial foodborne disease in many countries worldwide. Utilization of probiotics is one of the most accepted ways to reduce<span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Salmonella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, especially lactic acid bacteria, as it has proven to reduce the enteric</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pathogens in monogastric and ruminant livestock animals through different mechanisms such as antimicrobials production, competitive adhesion to the gastrointestinal tract, and immune stimulation. Prebiotics could be utilized solely for health benefits as an alternative to probiotics or in addition to probiotics for a synergistic effect known as synbiotics. The aim of this study was to compare effects of different probiotic strains (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lactobacillus acidophilus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(La-14)</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Lactobacillus paracasei </span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(Lpc-37)</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Streptococcus thermophiles </span></i></span><span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(St-21)</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Bifidobacterium bifidum </span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(Bb-06), and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aspergillus niger </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(ATCC<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span>16888</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">TM</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and without prebiotics (Mannose;Xylose;Galactooligosaccharides GOS;Inulin;and Dandelion extract) on lowering </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Salmonella heidelberg</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> CFU </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Different inhibition levels probiotic strains were assessed and compared in the presence and absence of 2.5% prebiotic compounds using cross-streaking and agar well diffusion assays. Recommendations for the growth of selected microorganisms such as temperature and oxygen conditions were taken into consideration. All the analysis was conducted in triplicates.</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The results showed that all the probiotics strains except</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. thermophiles </span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were able to significantly (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">< 0.05) inhibit the growth of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. heidelberg </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in at least one of the assays. The difference in</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">inhibition percentage confirms that probiotic strains have multiple inhibition mechanisms, such as production of antimicrobials, lower pH by producing organic acids (acetic acid, lactic acid, etc.), and inhibition of pathogen</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s virulence factor expression, and production of lipopolysaccharide solubilizing compounds.</span>展开更多
Heat stress is one of the most challenging stressors for animal production due to high economic losses resulting from impaired animal’s productivity,health and welfare.Despite the fact that all farm animal species ar...Heat stress is one of the most challenging stressors for animal production due to high economic losses resulting from impaired animal’s productivity,health and welfare.Despite the fact that all farm animal species are susceptible to heat stress,birds and pigs are particularly sensitive to heat stress due to either lacking or non-functional sweat glands.Con-vincing evidence in the literature exists that gut dysbiosis,a term used to describe a perturbation of commensal gut microbiota,develops in broilers and pigs under heat stress.Owing to the protective role of commensal bacteria for the gut barrier,gut dysbiosis causes a disruption of the gut barrier leading to endotoxemia,which contributes to the typical characteristics of heat stressed broilers and growing and growing-finishing pigs,such as reduced feed intake,decreased growth and reduced lean carcass weight.A substantial number of studies have shown that feeding of probiotics,prebiotics and synbiotics is an efficacious strategy to protect broilers from heat stress-induced gut barrier disruption through altering the gut microbiota and promoting all decisive structural,biochemical,and immunologi-cal elements of the intestinal barrier.In most of the available studies in heat stressed broilers,the alterations of gut microbiota and improvements of gut barrier function induced by feeding of either probiotics,prebiotics or synbiot-ics were accompanied by an improved productivity,health and/or welfare when compared to non-supplemented broilers exposed to heat stress.These findings indicate that the restoration of gut homeostasis and function is a key target for dietary interventions aiming to provide at least partial protection of broilers from the detrimental impact of heat stress conditions.Despite the fact that the number of studies dealing with the same feeding strategy in heat stressed pigs is limited,the available few studies suggest that feeding of probiotics might also be a suitable approach to enhance productivity,health and welfare in pigs kept under heat stress conditions.展开更多
Background: In order to discover new strategies to replace antibiotics in the post-antibiotic era in meat-type chicken production, two new synbiotics were tested:(Lactobacillus salivarius IBB3154 plus galactooligosacc...Background: In order to discover new strategies to replace antibiotics in the post-antibiotic era in meat-type chicken production, two new synbiotics were tested:(Lactobacillus salivarius IBB3154 plus galactooligosaccharide(Syn1) and Lactobacillus plantarum IBB3036 plus raffinose family oligosaccharides(Syn2).Methods: The synbiotics were administered via syringe, using a special automatic system, into the egg air chamber of Cobb 500 broiler chicks on the 12 thday of egg incubation(2 mg of prebiotics + 105 cfu bacteria per egg).Hatched roosters(total 2,400) were reared on an experimental farm, kept in pens(75 animals per pen), with free access to feed and water. After 42 d animals were slaughtered. Blood serum, pancreas, duodenum and duodenum content were collected.Results: Syn2 increased trypsin activity by 2.5-fold in the pancreas and 1.5-fold in the duodenal content. In the duodenum content, Syn2 resulted in ca 30% elevation in lipase activity and 70% reduction in amylase activity.Syn1 and Syn2 strongly decreased expression of m RNA for GLP-1 and GIP in the duodenum and for GLP-1 receptors in the pancreas. Simultaneously, concentrations of the incretins significantly diminished in the blood serum(P < 0.05). The decreased expression of incretins coincides with changed activity of digestive enzymes in the pancreas and in the duodenal content. The results indicate that incretins are involved in the action of Syn1 and Syn2 or that they may even be their target. No changes were observed in key hormones regulating metabolism(insulin, glucagon, corticosterone, thyroid hormones, and leptin) or in metabolic indices(glucose,NEFA, triglycerides, cholesterol). Additionally, synbiotics did not cause significant changes in the activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases in broiler chickens. Simultaneously, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transferase diminished after Syn2 and Syn1, respectively.Conclusion: The selected synbiotics may be used as in ovo additives for broiler chickens, and Syn2 seems to improve their potential digestive proteolytic and lipolytic ability. Our results suggest that synbiotics can be directly or indirectly involved in incretin secretion and reception.展开更多
Plants can cope with stresses via the"cry-for-help"strategy,but how aboveground insect herbivores induce alterations in the rhizosphere microbiota through eliciting this plant-driven response remains unexplo...Plants can cope with stresses via the"cry-for-help"strategy,but how aboveground insect herbivores induce alterations in the rhizosphere microbiota through eliciting this plant-driven response remains unexplored.In this study,we exposed cabbage plants to aboveground insect herbivory for five sequential planting rounds in the same soil.New cabbage plants,growing in the soils conditioned for five rounds,showed a significant increase in resistance to aboveground insect herbivory.Analyses of microbial communities in the rhizosphere of cabbage plants revealed that this effect was attributed to the accumulation of Pseudomonas in herbivore-conditioned soils.Rhizophere metabolic profiling further identified that some amino acids were present at higher concentrations in the rhizosphere of cabbage plants suffering from insect herbivory.Beneficial Pseudomonas species could be enriched by applying these amino acids.Notably,cabbage plants exhibited the highest resistance to insect herbivory following the application of a synbiotic,a combination of amino acids(prebiotics)and Pseudomonas spp.(probiotics).Moreover,we showed that Pseudomonas activates the jasmonate signaling pathway in the plant,which occurred in salicylic acid-deficient,but not in jasmonic acid-deficient,Arabidopsis thaliana mutants and led to the induction of glucosinolate-based defenses against insect herbivory.Collectively,this work reveals a belowgroundcry-forhelp response in plants induced by aboveground herbivory,enabling the development of a novel synbiotic for plant health maintenance.展开更多
BACKGROUND: Sepsis, a common acute and critical disease, leads to 11 million deaths annually worldwide. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are beneficial to the host and may benefit sepsis outcomes, but their e...BACKGROUND: Sepsis, a common acute and critical disease, leads to 11 million deaths annually worldwide. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are beneficial to the host and may benefit sepsis outcomes, but their effects are stil inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the overal eff ect of probiotics on the prognosis of patients with sepsis.DATA RESOURCES: We searched several sources for published/presented studies, including Pub Med, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and the US National Library of Medicine Clinical Trials Register(www.clinicaltrials.gov) updated through July 30, 2023, to identify all relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs) or observational studies that assessed the effectiveness of probiotics or synbiotics in patients with sepsis and reported mortality. We focused primarily on mortality during the study period and analyzed secondary outcomes, including 28-day mortality, in-intensive care unit(ICU) mortality and other outcomes.RESULTS: Data from 405 patients in five RCTs and 108 patients in one cohort study were included in the analysis. The overall quality of the studies was satisfactory, but clinical heterogeneity existed. All adult studies reported a tendency for probiotics to reduce the mortality of patients with sepsis, and most studies reported a decreasing trend in the incidence of infectious complications, length of ICU stay and duration of antibiotic use. There was only one RCT involving children.CONCLUSION: Probiotics show promise for improving the prognosis of patients with sepsis, including reducing mortality and the incidence of infectious complications, particularly in adult patients. Despite the limited number of studies, especially in children, these findings will be encouraging for clinical practice in the treatment of sepsis and suggest that gut microbiota-targeted therapy may improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis.展开更多
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is estimated to affect approximately 30%of the global population,making it a primary cause of chronic liver disease.The onset and progression of this condition are intricately li...Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is estimated to affect approximately 30%of the global population,making it a primary cause of chronic liver disease.The onset and progression of this condition are intricately linked to the intestinal microbiota.Probiotics and prebiotics,by modulating the gut microbiota,can slow down the disease progression in patients,thereby offering novel therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of NAFLD.This article delves into the mechanistic research and clinical advancements in the understanding and use of probiotics and prebiotics in ameliorating NAFLD.Furthermore,it anticipates the future trajectory of probiotics and prebiotics in treating this condition,aiming to serve as a reference for further in-depth research on these beneficial microorganisms.展开更多
Background:Microbial dysbiosis in critically ill patients is a leading cause of mortality and septic complications.Probiotics and synbiotics have emerged as novel therapy on gut microbiota to prevent septic complicati...Background:Microbial dysbiosis in critically ill patients is a leading cause of mortality and septic complications.Probiotics and synbiotics have emerged as novel therapy on gut microbiota to prevent septic complications.However,current evidence on their effects is conflicting.This work aims to systematically review the impact of probiotics or synbiotics in critically ill adult patients.Methods:A comprehensive search of the PubMed,CBM,Embase,CENTRAL,ISI,and CNKI databases was performed to identify randomized controlled trials that evaluate probiotics or synbiotics in critically ill patients.The quality assessment was based on the modified Jadad’s score scale and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.1.The major outcome measure was mortality.Secondary outcomes included incidence of septic complications,sepsis incidence,length of intensive care unit(ICU)stay,incidence of non-septic complication,and ventilator day.Data synthesis was conduct by Review Manager 5.4.Results:A total of 25 randomized controlled trials reporting on 5049 critically ill patients were included.In the intervention group,2520 participants received probiotics or synbiotics,whereas 2529 participants received standard care or placebo.Pooling data from randomized controlled trials demonstrated a significant reduction in the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)in the treatment group[(risk ratio(RR)0.86;95%confidence interval(CI):0.78-0.95;p<0.003,I^(2)=85%)].However,in the subgroup analysis,the reduction of incidence of VAP was only significant in patients receiving synbiotics(RR=0.61,95%CI:0.47-0.80,p=0.0004,I^(2)=40%)and not significant in those receiving only probiotics(RR=0.91,95%CI:0.82-1.01,p=0.07,I^(2)=65%).Moreover,sepsis incidence of critically ill patients was only significantly reduced by the addition of synbiotics(RR=0.41;95%CI:0.22-0.72,p=0.005,I^(2)=0%).The incidence of ICU-acquired infections was significantly reduced by the synbiotics therapy(RR=0.72;95%CI:0.58-0.89,p=0.0007,I^(2)=79%).There was no significant difference in mortality,diarrhea,or length of ICU stay between the treatment and control groups.Conclusions:Synbiotics is an effective and safe nutrition therapy in reducing septic complications in critically ill patients.However,in such patients,administration of probiotics alone compared with placebo resulted in no difference in the septic complications.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the effect of synbiotic mulberry on kidney injury in a dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced colitis model.Methods:Male Wistar rats were given drinking water containing 4%DSS for 7 days.Subseque...Objective:To investigate the effect of synbiotic mulberry on kidney injury in a dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced colitis model.Methods:Male Wistar rats were given drinking water containing 4%DSS for 7 days.Subsequently,the rats were treated by oral gavage with synbiotic mulberry at 250,500,and 1000 mg/kg,sulfasalazine at 100 mg/kg,or synbiotic at 1000 mg/kg for an additional 7 days while receiving 0.4%DSS in drinking water.The severity of colitis was evaluated based on the disease activity index score.On day 14,plasma was collected,and the kidneys were harvested to evaluate kidney injury parameters and histological changes.In addition,the expression of genes associated with kidney injury was determined by quantitative RT-PCR.Results:Treatment with all doses of synbiotic mulberry significantly lowered the disease activity index score,accompanied by reductions in kidney histopathological changes,malondialdehyde concentration,and plasma cystatin C levels.Kidney fibrosis was also ameliorated by 500 and 1000 mg/kg of synbiotic mulberry.Treatment with 250 and 500 mg/kg of synbiotic mulberry downregulated IL-18 mRNA expression,while KIM-1 mRNA expression was reduced and plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein level was restored by 1000 mg/kg of synbiotic mulberry.Conclusions:Synbiotic mulberry ameliorates kidney injury in rats with DSS-induced colitis.It may be further explored as a treatment of kidney injury under colitis conditions.展开更多
The gut microbiota is important in the development and progression of metabolic illnesses such type 2 diabetes,cardiovascular disease(CVD),and obesity.This diverse community of microorganisms controls a variety of phy...The gut microbiota is important in the development and progression of metabolic illnesses such type 2 diabetes,cardiovascular disease(CVD),and obesity.This diverse community of microorganisms controls a variety of physiological functions,including metabolism,inflammation,and immune response.Understanding these interactions has resulted in novel therapeutic options,including microbiome supplementation.The gut microbiome is extremely susceptible to dietary changes,which can alter its makeup and function,influencing metabolite synthesis that affects host health.Certain metabolites,such as butyrate and propionate,have been proven to protect against metabolic illnesses,whereas trimethylamine has been linked to CVD.Prebiotics,probiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics are being investigated by researchers as ways to change the gut microbiome and boost metabolic health.Despite advances in therapy and lifestyle adjustments,the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing,emphasizing the need for new medicines.展开更多
Osteoporosis is the most common bone disorder,characterized by low bone mineral density and microarchitectural deterioration of the bone tissue,which increases the susceptibility to fracture.In the past decade,emergin...Osteoporosis is the most common bone disorder,characterized by low bone mineral density and microarchitectural deterioration of the bone tissue,which increases the susceptibility to fracture.In the past decade,emerging research findings reported the implication of gut microbiota on bone health and osteoporosis pathology.Osteoporotic patients or individuals with a lower bone mineral density exhibit an alteration of the gut microbiota at several taxonomic levels.Additional reports demonstrate that gut microbiota regulates bone metabolism through the modulation of the gut function(mineral availability and absorption,gut integrity),the immune system,and the endocrine system.Thus,based on the vital role of gut microbiota on bone health,it has emerged as a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of bone loss and the treatment of osteoporosis.Microbial-based functional food ingredients,such as probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and fermented foods,have been developed to alter the gut microbiota composition and function and thus,to provide benefits to the host bone health.Despite promising initial results,microbial-based therapies are still under investigation.Moreover,additional animal studies and clinical trials are needed to understand the interactions between gut microbiota and bone metabolism before further applications.展开更多
In the last decade the impressive expansion of our knowledge of the vast microbial community that resides in the human intestine, the gut microbiota, has provided support to the concept that a disturbed intestinal eco...In the last decade the impressive expansion of our knowledge of the vast microbial community that resides in the human intestine, the gut microbiota, has provided support to the concept that a disturbed intestinal ecology might promote development and maintenance of symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). As a correlate, manipulation of gut microbiota represents a new strategy for the treatment of this multifactorial disease. A number of attempts have been made to modulate the gut bacterial composition, following the idea that expansion of bacterial species considered as beneficial(Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria) associated with the reduction of those considered harmful(Clostridium, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella and Pseudomonas) should attenuate IBS symptoms. In this conceptual framework, probiotics appear an attractive option in terms of both efficacy and safety, while prebiotics, synbiotics and antibiotics still need confirmation. Fecal transplant is an old treatment translated from the cure of intestinal infective pathologies that has recently gained a new life as therapeutic option for those patients with a disturbed gut ecosystem, but data on IBS are scanty and randomized, placebo-controlled studies are required.展开更多
Lactobacillus rhamnosus and fructooligosaccharides(FOS)have been widely studied so far.However,the effects of L.rhamnosus on the intestinal microecological environment at the species level and the effect of different ...Lactobacillus rhamnosus and fructooligosaccharides(FOS)have been widely studied so far.However,the effects of L.rhamnosus on the intestinal microecological environment at the species level and the effect of different proportions of FOS on L.rhamnosus colonization in different parts of mice intestine are still unclear.The study results indicated that the specific bands of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction(ERIC-PCR)in the L.rhamnosus(LR)group significantly increased at 7 days.Although the number of bands was similar to the natural recovery(NR)group,the brightness of few bands significantly enhanced in the later stage of recovery.Besides,Southern-blot maps showed strong signals,indicating that the ERIC-PCR fingerprint could accurately reflect the changes in the mouse gut microbiota diversity.Further,the high-throughput results confirmed that the Lactobacillus and Akkermansia had different changes at different periods,but all of them showed an upward trend,while the Klebsiella were inhibited,thereby maintaining the intestinal microecology balance.Moreover,FOS exerted a positive effect on L.rhamnosus colonization in the gut.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Depression is a common mental-health disorder worldwide.Several studies have demonstrated the effects of gut microbiota-targeting interventions,such as probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics(PPSP),on depression.AIM To assess the potential benefits of PPSP on patients diagnosed with depressive disorder.METHODS A literature search of the PubMed,Web of Science,and Elsevier Science Direct databases for relevant studies published from database inception to March 2024 was performed.Studies that used a randomized controlled trial design and eva-luated differences in depression between PPSP and placebo were included.Depressive symptoms were assessed using a validated scale.Analysis was performed using Review Manager version 5.4(The Cochrane Collaboration,2020).RESULTS Fourteen studies comprising 906 patients with depressive symptoms were included.PPSP improved depression compared with placebo[SMD:-0.39(95%CI:-0.60 to-0.17);P<0.001].PPSP resulted in significant reductions in Hamilton Depression Rating Scale[MD:-1.72(95%CI:-2.57 to-0.88);P<0.001]and Beck Depression Inventory[MD:-2.69(95%CI:-4.67 to-0.71);P<0.001]scores.Sub-analysis confirmed the antidepressant effects of probiotics on depressive symp-toms[SMD:-0.32(95%CI:-0.48 to-0.16);P<0.001],with prebiotics exerting no apparent effect[SMD:-0.08(95%CI:-0.39 to-0.23);P=0.62],and synbiotics exerting statistically significant benefits[SMD:-1.09(95%CI:-1.45 to-0.73);P<0.001].CONCLUSION PPSP effectively alleviates depressive symptoms,and subgroup analysis supports the benefits of probiotics and synbiotics.Nevertheless,evidence supporting the use of PPSP for the treatment of depression remains insufficient.
基金supported by funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(32072191)Special Funds for Guiding Local Scientific and Technological Development by the Central Government(Guike ZY22096025)。
文摘Probiotics show anti-influenza activity,offering a potential variant-resistant alternative for infection prevention and control.In this study,we evaluated whether a specially formulated yogurt enriched with synbiotics(named yogurt 1)with 7 probiotics and 6 prebiotics,has anti-influenza effects and its underlying mechanisms using a mouse model challenged with influenza virus H1N1 PR8 strain.The mice were treated with phosphate-buffered saline(negative control),yogurt matrix,yogurt 1,and oseltamivir(positive control),respectively.Yogurt 1 treatment improved the survival of infected mice(from 0%to 30%),alleviated pathological injuries in the lungs and colon,and reduced the viral load of influenza virus on day 3 and day 7 post-infection.Yogurt 1 also downregulated some inflammation-related signaling pathways and reduced the levels of proinflammatory cytokines or chemokines in the lungs or serum,including interleukin(IL)-1β,IL-6,tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and keratinocyte chemoattractant(KC).The levels of short-chain fatty acids in the cecal content were increased,the diversity of the intestinal flora was partially restored,and influenza-specific Ig G and interferon-secreting lymphocytes were enhanced following yogurt 1 administration.Thus,yogurt 1,as a commercial and easily accessible dairy product,demonstrated a notable anti-influenza effect in mice by inhibiting viral proliferation,suppressing excessive inflammatory responses,and promoting influenza virus-specific adaptive humoral and cellular immune responses,demonstrating its potential for influenza epidemic prevention and control.
基金Jiangsu College of Nursing 2023 Special Fund for Research and Development of Medical-Educational Integration。
文摘A systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation on the effects of cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)based on data from randomized controlled trials(RCTs).We searched electronic databases including PubMed,Cochrane Library,Embase,and Web of Science to identify clinical trials published up to 31 March 2023.Data was pooled using a random-effects model if significant heterogeneity(I2>50%),otherwise use a fixed-effects model.Fifty-six trials that included 3317 patients were enrolled for analysis.Meta-analysis reported that probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation significantly reduced systolic blood pressure(SBP)(weighted mean difference(WMD):-3.57 mmHg,95% confidence interval(CI):-5.36,-1.78;P=0.000),diastolic blood pressure(DBP)(WMD:-2.05 mmHg,95%CI:-3.07,-1.04;P=0.000),triglycerides(TG)(WMD:-16.10 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.16,-12.05;P=0.000),total cholesterol(TC)(WMD:-14.00 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.46,-7.55;P=0.000),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol(LDL-C)(WMD:-7.03 mg/dL,95%CI:-9.25,-4.81;P=0.000),fasting plasma glucose(FPG)(WMD:-16.57 mg/dL,95%CI:-20.39,-12.74;P=0.000),hemoglobin A1c(HbA1c)(WMD:-0.44%,95%CI:-0.68,-0.20;P=0.000),insulin(standardized mean difference(SMD):-0.37,95%CI:-0.53,-0.21;P=0.000),homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)(WMD:-1.05,95%CI:-1.56,-0.54;P=0.000),C-reactive protein(CRP)(SMD:-0.35,95%CI:-0.57,-0.13;P=0.002),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)(SMD:-1.07,95%CI:-1.57,-0.56;P=0.000),interleukin-6(IL-6)(SMD:-0.37,95%CI:-0.61,-0.13;P=0.003)levels,they also increased the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)(WMD:3.70 mg/dL,95%CI:1.80,5.60;P=0.000)levels in T2DM patients,as compared to the placebo groups.This meta-analysis supports the use of probiotic/prebiotic/synbiotic supplementation as an adjunctive therapy to improve blood pressure,glycemic control parameters,lipid profile and inflammatory markers in patients with T2DM,which are well-known cardiovascular risk factors.
基金supported by the Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah(UMPSA)(Nos.RDU223010 and PDU223211)。
文摘The oyster mushroom(Pleurotus spp.)is one of the most widely cultivated mushroom species globally.The present study investigated the effect of synbiotics on the growth and quality of Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus pulmonarius.Different synbiotics formulations were applied by spraying mushroom samples daily and measuring their growth parameters,yield,biological efficiency,proximate composition,mineral content,total phenolic content(TPC),and diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl(DPPH)radical scavenging activity.Results demonstrated that the most significant yield of oyster mushrooms was harvested from synbiotics sprayed with inulin and Lactobacillus casei(56.92 g).Likewise,the highest biological efficiency obtained with a similar synbiotic was 12.65%.Combining inulin and L.casei was the most effective method of improving the mushrooms'growth performance and nutrient content in both samples.Furthermore,synbiotics that combined inulin and L.casei resulted in the highest TPC(20.550 mg gallic acid equivalent(GAE)/g dry extract(DE))in white oyster mushrooms(P.ostreatus).In comparison,in grey mushroom(P.pulmonarius)the highest TPC was yielded by L.casei(1.098 mg GAE/g DE)followed by inulin and L.casei(1.079 mg GAE/g DE).The DPPH results indicated that the oyster mushroom could be an efficient antioxidant.The results revealed that applying synbiotics improved the mushrooms'quality by increasing their antioxidant capacity with higher amounts of phenolic compounds and offering better health benefits with the increased levels of mineral elements.Together,these studies demonstrated the potential of using synbiotics as a biofertilizer,which is helpful for mushroom cultivation;therefore,it might solve the challenge of inconsistent quality mushroom growers face.
基金Supported by The National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School
文摘Colorectal cancer is the third most common form of cancer.Current treatments are all associated with a high risk of complications and a low success rate.Recently,synbiotics have been proposed as a new preventive and therapeutic option.There is no direct experimental evidence for cancer suppression in humans as a result of the consumption of pro-,pre-or synbiotics.However,there is a wealth of evidence emerging from laboratory studies.The mechanisms by which pro-,pre-and synbiotics may inhibit colon cancer are now beginning to be understood and will be addressed in the present review.
基金Supported by The Grant for the Research Projects of Sichuan Province,China.No.07FG002-032
文摘AIM: To assess the clinical outcomes of pre-, pro-and synbiotics therapy in patients with acute pancreatitis. METHODS: The databases including Medline, Embase, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science and Chinese Biomedicine Database were searched for all relevant randomized controlled trials that studied the effects of pre-, pro- or synbiotics in patients with acute pancreatitis. Main outcome measures were postoperative infections, pancreatic infections, multiple organ failure (MOF), systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), length of hospital stay, antibiotic therapy and mortality. RESULTS: Seven randomized studies with 559 acute pancreatic patients were included. Pre-, pro-or synbiot-ics treatment showed no influence on the incidence of postoperative infections [odds ratios (OR) 0.30, 95% conf idence interval (CI): 0.09-1.02, P = 0.05], pancre- atic infection (OR 0.50, 95% CI: 0.12-2.17, P = 0.36), MOF (OR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.35-2.21, P = 0.79) and SIRS (OR 0.78, 95% CI: 0.20-2.98, P = 0.71). There were also no signif icant differences in the length of antibiotic therapy (OR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.50-1.14, P = 0.18) and the mortality (OR 0.75, 95% CI: 0.25-2.24, P = 0.61). However, Pre-, pro-or synbiotics treatment was associ- ated with a reduced length of hospital stay (OR -3.87, 95% CI: -6.20 to -1.54, P = 0.001). When stratifying for the severity of acute pancreatitis, the main results were similar. CONCLUSION: Pre-, pro-or synbiotics treatment shows no significant influence on patients with acute pancreatitis. There is a lack of evidence to support the use of probiotics/synbiotics in this area.
基金Supported by Viva Life Science/Westar Nutrition, Costa Mesa,CA, United States
文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of synbiotics, i.e. probiotics and prebiotics mixture, on the gut microbial ecology and digestive enzyme activities in rats. METHODS: Forty-eight SD rats weighing about 280 g were used in this study. Rats were divided into three groups according to the contents of probiotics and prebiotics mixture in the feed as control, low and high dose groups. The duration of the experiment was 8 wk. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, thefecal Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium counts were significantly increased and the fecal Coliform organism counts were markedly reduced in the low and high dose groups. Concerning the digestive enzyme activity of jejunum, only lactase activity increased in low dose group. However, significant increase of lipase, lactase, sucrase, and isomaltase activities were observed in high dose group.CONCLUSION: Intake of low and high dosages of probiotics and prebiotics mixture significantly improved the ecosystem of the intestinal tract by increasing the probiotics population and digestive enzyme activities in rats.
文摘The paper was to investigate the effects of synbiotics and antibiotics on nutrient digestibility and serum antioxidant function of weaned piglets. Totally 216 individuals of 35-day-old piglets were randomly divided into three groups, six replicates for each group, and each replicate contained 12 piglets. The first group was antibiotics group, 20 g,/t colistin sulfate （active ingredients） were added in the basal diet; the second group was synbiotics group, 250 g/t synbiotics （contai- ning xylooligesaccharides, oligochitasan, Bacillus subtilis and Clostridium butyricum） were added in the basal diet; the third group was combination group, 20 g/t colistin sulfate and 250 g/t synbiotics were added in the basal diet. The whole trial lasted 28 d. The results showed that there was no difference between synbiotics group and antibiotic group in growth performance, nutrients digestibility or antioxidant indicators （ P 〉 0.05 ）. Compared with the piglets in synbiotics group and an- tibiotic group, piglets in combination group had higher digestibility of dry matter and organic matter, and higher T-SOD activity in serum （ P 〈 0.05 ）. It is conclu- ded that synbiotics can replace antibiotics for piglets at 35 -63 days of age. Synbiotics and antibiotic had the synergistic effect on nutrient digestibility and antioxi- dant function of piglets.
文摘Salmonellosis is the most prevalent bacterial foodborne disease in many countries worldwide. Utilization of probiotics is one of the most accepted ways to reduce<span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Salmonella</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">, especially lactic acid bacteria, as it has proven to reduce the enteric</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">pathogens in monogastric and ruminant livestock animals through different mechanisms such as antimicrobials production, competitive adhesion to the gastrointestinal tract, and immune stimulation. Prebiotics could be utilized solely for health benefits as an alternative to probiotics or in addition to probiotics for a synergistic effect known as synbiotics. The aim of this study was to compare effects of different probiotic strains (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Lactobacillus acidophilus </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(La-14)</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Lactobacillus paracasei </span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(Lpc-37)</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i> <span style="font-family:Verdana;">Streptococcus thermophiles </span></i></span><span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(St-21)</span><span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">,</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> Bifidobacterium bifidum </span></i></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(Bb-06), and </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Aspergillus niger </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">(ATCC<span style="font-family:Verdana, Helvetica, Arial;white-space:normal;background-color:#FFFFFF;">®</span>16888</span></span><sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">TM</span></sup><span style="font-family:Verdana;">)</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> and without prebiotics (Mannose;Xylose;Galactooligosaccharides GOS;Inulin;and Dandelion extract) on lowering </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">Salmonella heidelberg</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"> CFU </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in vitro</span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">. Different inhibition levels probiotic strains were assessed and compared in the presence and absence of 2.5% prebiotic compounds using cross-streaking and agar well diffusion assays. Recommendations for the growth of selected microorganisms such as temperature and oxygen conditions were taken into consideration. All the analysis was conducted in triplicates.</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">The results showed that all the probiotics strains except</span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. thermophiles </span></i><span style="font-family:;" "=""><span style="font-family:Verdana;">were able to significantly (</span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">P </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">< 0.05) inhibit the growth of </span><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">S. heidelberg </span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;">in at least one of the assays. The difference in</span></span><span style="font-family:;" "=""> </span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">inhibition percentage confirms that probiotic strains have multiple inhibition mechanisms, such as production of antimicrobials, lower pH by producing organic acids (acetic acid, lactic acid, etc.), and inhibition of pathogen</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">’</span><span style="font-family:Verdana;">s virulence factor expression, and production of lipopolysaccharide solubilizing compounds.</span>
基金Open Access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.No funding was used to write this manuscript.
文摘Heat stress is one of the most challenging stressors for animal production due to high economic losses resulting from impaired animal’s productivity,health and welfare.Despite the fact that all farm animal species are susceptible to heat stress,birds and pigs are particularly sensitive to heat stress due to either lacking or non-functional sweat glands.Con-vincing evidence in the literature exists that gut dysbiosis,a term used to describe a perturbation of commensal gut microbiota,develops in broilers and pigs under heat stress.Owing to the protective role of commensal bacteria for the gut barrier,gut dysbiosis causes a disruption of the gut barrier leading to endotoxemia,which contributes to the typical characteristics of heat stressed broilers and growing and growing-finishing pigs,such as reduced feed intake,decreased growth and reduced lean carcass weight.A substantial number of studies have shown that feeding of probiotics,prebiotics and synbiotics is an efficacious strategy to protect broilers from heat stress-induced gut barrier disruption through altering the gut microbiota and promoting all decisive structural,biochemical,and immunologi-cal elements of the intestinal barrier.In most of the available studies in heat stressed broilers,the alterations of gut microbiota and improvements of gut barrier function induced by feeding of either probiotics,prebiotics or synbiot-ics were accompanied by an improved productivity,health and/or welfare when compared to non-supplemented broilers exposed to heat stress.These findings indicate that the restoration of gut homeostasis and function is a key target for dietary interventions aiming to provide at least partial protection of broilers from the detrimental impact of heat stress conditions.Despite the fact that the number of studies dealing with the same feeding strategy in heat stressed pigs is limited,the available few studies suggest that feeding of probiotics might also be a suitable approach to enhance productivity,health and welfare in pigs kept under heat stress conditions.
基金supported by the European Union Seventh Framework Programme for research,technological development and demonstration as part of the ECO-FCE project under grant agreement No.311794partly funded by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education from funds for science in the years 2015–2016 allocated to an international co-financed project(no W171.PR/2015)
文摘Background: In order to discover new strategies to replace antibiotics in the post-antibiotic era in meat-type chicken production, two new synbiotics were tested:(Lactobacillus salivarius IBB3154 plus galactooligosaccharide(Syn1) and Lactobacillus plantarum IBB3036 plus raffinose family oligosaccharides(Syn2).Methods: The synbiotics were administered via syringe, using a special automatic system, into the egg air chamber of Cobb 500 broiler chicks on the 12 thday of egg incubation(2 mg of prebiotics + 105 cfu bacteria per egg).Hatched roosters(total 2,400) were reared on an experimental farm, kept in pens(75 animals per pen), with free access to feed and water. After 42 d animals were slaughtered. Blood serum, pancreas, duodenum and duodenum content were collected.Results: Syn2 increased trypsin activity by 2.5-fold in the pancreas and 1.5-fold in the duodenal content. In the duodenum content, Syn2 resulted in ca 30% elevation in lipase activity and 70% reduction in amylase activity.Syn1 and Syn2 strongly decreased expression of m RNA for GLP-1 and GIP in the duodenum and for GLP-1 receptors in the pancreas. Simultaneously, concentrations of the incretins significantly diminished in the blood serum(P < 0.05). The decreased expression of incretins coincides with changed activity of digestive enzymes in the pancreas and in the duodenal content. The results indicate that incretins are involved in the action of Syn1 and Syn2 or that they may even be their target. No changes were observed in key hormones regulating metabolism(insulin, glucagon, corticosterone, thyroid hormones, and leptin) or in metabolic indices(glucose,NEFA, triglycerides, cholesterol). Additionally, synbiotics did not cause significant changes in the activities of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases in broiler chickens. Simultaneously, the activity of alkaline phosphatase and gamma glutamyl transferase diminished after Syn2 and Syn1, respectively.Conclusion: The selected synbiotics may be used as in ovo additives for broiler chickens, and Syn2 seems to improve their potential digestive proteolytic and lipolytic ability. Our results suggest that synbiotics can be directly or indirectly involved in incretin secretion and reception.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(42322708)the China Agricultural Research System(CARS-23)+2 种基金the Key Research and Development Program of Shanxi Province(202302140601007)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(KJJQ2025017)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(BX20230160)。
文摘Plants can cope with stresses via the"cry-for-help"strategy,but how aboveground insect herbivores induce alterations in the rhizosphere microbiota through eliciting this plant-driven response remains unexplored.In this study,we exposed cabbage plants to aboveground insect herbivory for five sequential planting rounds in the same soil.New cabbage plants,growing in the soils conditioned for five rounds,showed a significant increase in resistance to aboveground insect herbivory.Analyses of microbial communities in the rhizosphere of cabbage plants revealed that this effect was attributed to the accumulation of Pseudomonas in herbivore-conditioned soils.Rhizophere metabolic profiling further identified that some amino acids were present at higher concentrations in the rhizosphere of cabbage plants suffering from insect herbivory.Beneficial Pseudomonas species could be enriched by applying these amino acids.Notably,cabbage plants exhibited the highest resistance to insect herbivory following the application of a synbiotic,a combination of amino acids(prebiotics)and Pseudomonas spp.(probiotics).Moreover,we showed that Pseudomonas activates the jasmonate signaling pathway in the plant,which occurred in salicylic acid-deficient,but not in jasmonic acid-deficient,Arabidopsis thaliana mutants and led to the induction of glucosinolate-based defenses against insect herbivory.Collectively,this work reveals a belowgroundcry-forhelp response in plants induced by aboveground herbivory,enabling the development of a novel synbiotic for plant health maintenance.
基金supported by the National High Level Hospital Clinical Research Funding (2022-PUMCH-B-109)Chinese Academy of Medical Science Innovation Fund for Medical Sciences (CIFMS)(2021-I2M-1-020)。
文摘BACKGROUND: Sepsis, a common acute and critical disease, leads to 11 million deaths annually worldwide. Probiotics are living microorganisms that are beneficial to the host and may benefit sepsis outcomes, but their effects are stil inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the overal eff ect of probiotics on the prognosis of patients with sepsis.DATA RESOURCES: We searched several sources for published/presented studies, including Pub Med, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library and the US National Library of Medicine Clinical Trials Register(www.clinicaltrials.gov) updated through July 30, 2023, to identify all relevant randomized controlled trials(RCTs) or observational studies that assessed the effectiveness of probiotics or synbiotics in patients with sepsis and reported mortality. We focused primarily on mortality during the study period and analyzed secondary outcomes, including 28-day mortality, in-intensive care unit(ICU) mortality and other outcomes.RESULTS: Data from 405 patients in five RCTs and 108 patients in one cohort study were included in the analysis. The overall quality of the studies was satisfactory, but clinical heterogeneity existed. All adult studies reported a tendency for probiotics to reduce the mortality of patients with sepsis, and most studies reported a decreasing trend in the incidence of infectious complications, length of ICU stay and duration of antibiotic use. There was only one RCT involving children.CONCLUSION: Probiotics show promise for improving the prognosis of patients with sepsis, including reducing mortality and the incidence of infectious complications, particularly in adult patients. Despite the limited number of studies, especially in children, these findings will be encouraging for clinical practice in the treatment of sepsis and suggest that gut microbiota-targeted therapy may improve the prognosis of patients with sepsis.
文摘Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)is estimated to affect approximately 30%of the global population,making it a primary cause of chronic liver disease.The onset and progression of this condition are intricately linked to the intestinal microbiota.Probiotics and prebiotics,by modulating the gut microbiota,can slow down the disease progression in patients,thereby offering novel therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of NAFLD.This article delves into the mechanistic research and clinical advancements in the understanding and use of probiotics and prebiotics in ameliorating NAFLD.Furthermore,it anticipates the future trajectory of probiotics and prebiotics in treating this condition,aiming to serve as a reference for further in-depth research on these beneficial microorganisms.
基金supported by grants from the Sichuan Provincial Department of Science and Technology(No.2020YFS0006 to HJ and No.2018JY0050 to QZ)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71974200 to HJ)+3 种基金Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital(No.2021ZX01 to KW)Health Commission of Sichuan Province(No.20PJ102 to KW)Education Department of Sichuan Province(No.18ZA0155)Funders played no role in the study design,conduct or manuscript writing.
文摘Background:Microbial dysbiosis in critically ill patients is a leading cause of mortality and septic complications.Probiotics and synbiotics have emerged as novel therapy on gut microbiota to prevent septic complications.However,current evidence on their effects is conflicting.This work aims to systematically review the impact of probiotics or synbiotics in critically ill adult patients.Methods:A comprehensive search of the PubMed,CBM,Embase,CENTRAL,ISI,and CNKI databases was performed to identify randomized controlled trials that evaluate probiotics or synbiotics in critically ill patients.The quality assessment was based on the modified Jadad’s score scale and the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions Version 5.0.1.The major outcome measure was mortality.Secondary outcomes included incidence of septic complications,sepsis incidence,length of intensive care unit(ICU)stay,incidence of non-septic complication,and ventilator day.Data synthesis was conduct by Review Manager 5.4.Results:A total of 25 randomized controlled trials reporting on 5049 critically ill patients were included.In the intervention group,2520 participants received probiotics or synbiotics,whereas 2529 participants received standard care or placebo.Pooling data from randomized controlled trials demonstrated a significant reduction in the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia(VAP)in the treatment group[(risk ratio(RR)0.86;95%confidence interval(CI):0.78-0.95;p<0.003,I^(2)=85%)].However,in the subgroup analysis,the reduction of incidence of VAP was only significant in patients receiving synbiotics(RR=0.61,95%CI:0.47-0.80,p=0.0004,I^(2)=40%)and not significant in those receiving only probiotics(RR=0.91,95%CI:0.82-1.01,p=0.07,I^(2)=65%).Moreover,sepsis incidence of critically ill patients was only significantly reduced by the addition of synbiotics(RR=0.41;95%CI:0.22-0.72,p=0.005,I^(2)=0%).The incidence of ICU-acquired infections was significantly reduced by the synbiotics therapy(RR=0.72;95%CI:0.58-0.89,p=0.0007,I^(2)=79%).There was no significant difference in mortality,diarrhea,or length of ICU stay between the treatment and control groups.Conclusions:Synbiotics is an effective and safe nutrition therapy in reducing septic complications in critically ill patients.However,in such patients,administration of probiotics alone compared with placebo resulted in no difference in the septic complications.
基金supported by the Mae Fah Luang University Research Development Grant 2023,Mae Fah Luang University,Chiang Rai Thailand(Grant no.661B07007 to KW)the Technology and Innovation-Based Enterprise Development Fund:Fund(Grant no.YP043/2565 to AO and PW).
文摘Objective:To investigate the effect of synbiotic mulberry on kidney injury in a dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced colitis model.Methods:Male Wistar rats were given drinking water containing 4%DSS for 7 days.Subsequently,the rats were treated by oral gavage with synbiotic mulberry at 250,500,and 1000 mg/kg,sulfasalazine at 100 mg/kg,or synbiotic at 1000 mg/kg for an additional 7 days while receiving 0.4%DSS in drinking water.The severity of colitis was evaluated based on the disease activity index score.On day 14,plasma was collected,and the kidneys were harvested to evaluate kidney injury parameters and histological changes.In addition,the expression of genes associated with kidney injury was determined by quantitative RT-PCR.Results:Treatment with all doses of synbiotic mulberry significantly lowered the disease activity index score,accompanied by reductions in kidney histopathological changes,malondialdehyde concentration,and plasma cystatin C levels.Kidney fibrosis was also ameliorated by 500 and 1000 mg/kg of synbiotic mulberry.Treatment with 250 and 500 mg/kg of synbiotic mulberry downregulated IL-18 mRNA expression,while KIM-1 mRNA expression was reduced and plasma lipopolysaccharide-binding protein level was restored by 1000 mg/kg of synbiotic mulberry.Conclusions:Synbiotic mulberry ameliorates kidney injury in rats with DSS-induced colitis.It may be further explored as a treatment of kidney injury under colitis conditions.
文摘The gut microbiota is important in the development and progression of metabolic illnesses such type 2 diabetes,cardiovascular disease(CVD),and obesity.This diverse community of microorganisms controls a variety of physiological functions,including metabolism,inflammation,and immune response.Understanding these interactions has resulted in novel therapeutic options,including microbiome supplementation.The gut microbiome is extremely susceptible to dietary changes,which can alter its makeup and function,influencing metabolite synthesis that affects host health.Certain metabolites,such as butyrate and propionate,have been proven to protect against metabolic illnesses,whereas trimethylamine has been linked to CVD.Prebiotics,probiotics,synbiotics,and postbiotics are being investigated by researchers as ways to change the gut microbiome and boost metabolic health.Despite advances in therapy and lifestyle adjustments,the prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increasing,emphasizing the need for new medicines.
文摘Osteoporosis is the most common bone disorder,characterized by low bone mineral density and microarchitectural deterioration of the bone tissue,which increases the susceptibility to fracture.In the past decade,emerging research findings reported the implication of gut microbiota on bone health and osteoporosis pathology.Osteoporotic patients or individuals with a lower bone mineral density exhibit an alteration of the gut microbiota at several taxonomic levels.Additional reports demonstrate that gut microbiota regulates bone metabolism through the modulation of the gut function(mineral availability and absorption,gut integrity),the immune system,and the endocrine system.Thus,based on the vital role of gut microbiota on bone health,it has emerged as a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of bone loss and the treatment of osteoporosis.Microbial-based functional food ingredients,such as probiotics,prebiotics,synbiotics,and fermented foods,have been developed to alter the gut microbiota composition and function and thus,to provide benefits to the host bone health.Despite promising initial results,microbial-based therapies are still under investigation.Moreover,additional animal studies and clinical trials are needed to understand the interactions between gut microbiota and bone metabolism before further applications.
文摘In the last decade the impressive expansion of our knowledge of the vast microbial community that resides in the human intestine, the gut microbiota, has provided support to the concept that a disturbed intestinal ecology might promote development and maintenance of symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome(IBS). As a correlate, manipulation of gut microbiota represents a new strategy for the treatment of this multifactorial disease. A number of attempts have been made to modulate the gut bacterial composition, following the idea that expansion of bacterial species considered as beneficial(Lactobacilli and Bifidobacteria) associated with the reduction of those considered harmful(Clostridium, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Shigella and Pseudomonas) should attenuate IBS symptoms. In this conceptual framework, probiotics appear an attractive option in terms of both efficacy and safety, while prebiotics, synbiotics and antibiotics still need confirmation. Fecal transplant is an old treatment translated from the cure of intestinal infective pathologies that has recently gained a new life as therapeutic option for those patients with a disturbed gut ecosystem, but data on IBS are scanty and randomized, placebo-controlled studies are required.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Research Projects of Colleges and Universities in Hebei province(ZD2021059)the Key Research and Development Program of Hebei Province(19227134D)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei province(C2016204129,C2017204094)the Food Processing Discipline Group of Hebei Agricultural University(Grant No.2021-08)。
文摘Lactobacillus rhamnosus and fructooligosaccharides(FOS)have been widely studied so far.However,the effects of L.rhamnosus on the intestinal microecological environment at the species level and the effect of different proportions of FOS on L.rhamnosus colonization in different parts of mice intestine are still unclear.The study results indicated that the specific bands of enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus polymerase chain reaction(ERIC-PCR)in the L.rhamnosus(LR)group significantly increased at 7 days.Although the number of bands was similar to the natural recovery(NR)group,the brightness of few bands significantly enhanced in the later stage of recovery.Besides,Southern-blot maps showed strong signals,indicating that the ERIC-PCR fingerprint could accurately reflect the changes in the mouse gut microbiota diversity.Further,the high-throughput results confirmed that the Lactobacillus and Akkermansia had different changes at different periods,but all of them showed an upward trend,while the Klebsiella were inhibited,thereby maintaining the intestinal microecology balance.Moreover,FOS exerted a positive effect on L.rhamnosus colonization in the gut.
