In order to improve the cartography efficiency and the intelligent level of forestry map,we put forward the symbolization scheme of forestry map based on MapGIS K9 platform.Firstly,the symbol library of forestry map w...In order to improve the cartography efficiency and the intelligent level of forestry map,we put forward the symbolization scheme of forestry map based on MapGIS K9 platform.Firstly,the symbol library of forestry map was constructed according to The Graphic Representation of Forestry Map which was issued by the National Forestry Bureau in October,2010.Then,the symbol configuration rule database was established to realize the expression of symbol configuration rule in the digital environment.Finally,the symbolization module was realized with the support of MapGIS Objects component development technology,and the thematic data of forestry were visualized according to the symbol configuration rule.The practice proved that the scheme could basically satisfy the cartography requirements of common forestry maps which included the forest management inventory map.展开更多
The folk costume in waterside villages of Southern Yangtze in China was notonly daily consumer goods, but also a symbol system of folk-custom culture. This symbol system was directly conveyed by a series medley shape ...The folk costume in waterside villages of Southern Yangtze in China was notonly daily consumer goods, but also a symbol system of folk-custom culture. This symbol system was directly conveyed by a series medley shape signs, many-faceted color signs and decorated craft signs of pleated skirt. Its origination, accumulation, continual process and development were greatly associated with the life style and paddy culture of waterside villages, such as the folk religion, social life, artistic philosophy, regional culture, the landform of waterside villages and the humanity environment. So the folk costume was the significant sign of practical function and also the significative sign of folk traditional culture, both of which composed the costume cultural symbol system of waterside villages of Southern Yangtze called ＂ integration of aesthetic and practical function＂.展开更多
This study explores the symbolic value attributed by Indigenous inhabitants to theirdwellings and how the physical structure of the home serves to align domestic activities withmeanings related to their ancestral cult...This study explores the symbolic value attributed by Indigenous inhabitants to theirdwellings and how the physical structure of the home serves to align domestic activities withmeanings related to their ancestral culture. To achieve this objective, we focused on the Peruvian Andes, specifically on Coporaque, an Indigenous village founded in the 16th centuryduring colonial times. In this locality, qualitative research was carried out using the phenomenological approach, prioritizing the lived experience of the native inhabitants in their daily“life world” through in-depth interviews and direct observations. Our results broaden understanding of the Andean vernacular dwelling, making visible the ways in which the “Wasi” becomes a stage for the symbolic occurrence of domesticity. The results reveal several significantnarratives on domesticity that support and give coherence to the life of these Indigenous communities, coinciding with the symbolic value that other cultures have attributed to dwellings.The study was able to conclude on the Indigenous house’s function in sustaining regional identities and how its physical structure is embodied in the inhabitants until it becomes one of thelast bastions of resistance against the homogenizing pressure that the globalized world tries toexert on native peoples.展开更多
Across different eras and cultures,allusions have been one of the most subtle and at the same time effective artistic devices for conveying an author’s message through subtext.The Soviet era in Russian history was on...Across different eras and cultures,allusions have been one of the most subtle and at the same time effective artistic devices for conveying an author’s message through subtext.The Soviet era in Russian history was one of those socio-cultural contexts that gave birth to so many artifacts of this kind that it could easily be considered a classic example of the use of this technique in the modern times.The article analyzes various forms of allusion,including quotation as a type of contextual metaphor,in the works of the leading and at the same time most targeted Soviet composer Dmitri Shostakovich.Quotations from famous classical works in Shostakovich’s music,whether or not they are considered to have a predetermined meaning,are addressed along with references to classical,popular,or folk music,as well as messages conveyed through Jewish idiom,whatever it may be,which in itself seems truly unique to the Russian composer’s toolkit.展开更多
In the process of programmable networks simplifying network management and increasing network flexibility through custom packet behavior,security incidents caused by human logic errors are seriously threatening their ...In the process of programmable networks simplifying network management and increasing network flexibility through custom packet behavior,security incidents caused by human logic errors are seriously threatening their safe operation,robust verificationmethods are required to ensure their correctness.As one of the formalmethods,symbolic execution offers a viable approach for verifying programmable networks by systematically exploring all possible paths within a program.However,its application in this field encounters scalability issues due to path explosion and complex constraint-solving.Therefore,in this paper,we propose NetVerifier,a scalable verification system for programmable networks.Tomitigate the path explosion issue,we developmultiple pruning strategies that strategically eliminate irrelevant execution paths while preserving verification integrity by precisely identifying the execution paths related to the verification purpose.To address the complex constraint-solving problem,we introduce an execution results reuse solution to avoid redundant computation of the same constraints.To apply these solutions intelligently,a matching algorithm is implemented to automatically select appropriate solutions based on the characteristics of the verification requirement.Moreover,Language Aided Verification(LAV),an assertion language,is designed to express verification intentions in a concise form.Experimental results on diverse open-source programs of varying scales demonstrate NetVerifier’s improvement in scalability and effectiveness in identifying potential network errors.In the best scenario,compared with ASSERT-P4,NetVerifier reduced the execution path,verification time,and memory occupation of the verification process by 99.92%,94.76%,and 65.19%,respectively.展开更多
Planning in lexical-prior-free environments presents a fundamental challenge for evaluating whether large language models(LLMs)possess genuine structural reasoning capabilities beyond lexical memorization.When predica...Planning in lexical-prior-free environments presents a fundamental challenge for evaluating whether large language models(LLMs)possess genuine structural reasoning capabilities beyond lexical memorization.When predicates and action names are replaced with semantically irrelevant random symbols while preserving logical structures,existing direct generation approaches exhibit severe performance degradation.This paper proposes a symbol-agnostic closed-loop planning pipeline that enables models to construct executable plans through systematic validation and iterative refinement.The system implements a complete generate-verify-repair cycle through six core processing components:semantic comprehension extracts structural constraints,language planner generates text plans,symbol translator performs structure-preserving mapping,consistency checker conducts static screening,Stanford Research Institute Problem Solver(STRIPS)simulator executes step-by-step validation,and VAL(Validator)provides semantic verification.A repair controller orchestrates four targeted strategies addressing typical failure patterns including first-step precondition errors andmid-segment statemaintenance issues.Comprehensive evaluation on PlanBench Mystery Blocksworld demonstrates substantial improvements over baseline approaches across both language models and reasoning models.Ablation studies confirm that each architectural component contributes non-redundantly to overall effectiveness,with targeted repair providing the largest impact,followed by deep constraint extraction and stepwise validation,demonstrating that superior performance emerges from synergistic integration of these mechanisms rather than any single dominant factor.Analysis reveals distinct failure patterns betweenmodel types—languagemodels struggle with local precondition satisfaction while reasoning models face global goal achievement challenges—yet the validation-driven mechanism successfully addresses these diverse weaknesses.A particularly noteworthy finding is the convergence of final success rates across models with varying intrinsic capabilities,suggesting that systematic validation and repair mechanisms play a more decisive role than raw model capacity in lexical-prior-free scenarios.This work establishes a rigorous evaluation framework incorporating statistical significance testing and mechanistic failure analysis,providingmethodological contributions for fair assessment and practical insights into building reliable planning systems under extreme constraint conditions.展开更多
Since the advent of smart contracts,security vulnerabilities have remained a persistent challenge,compromsing both the reliability of contract execution and the overall stability of the virtual currency market.Consequ...Since the advent of smart contracts,security vulnerabilities have remained a persistent challenge,compromsing both the reliability of contract execution and the overall stability of the virtual currency market.Consequently,the academic community has devoted increasing attention to these security risks.However,conventional approaches to vulnerability detection frequently exhibit limited accuracy.To address this limitation,the present study introduces a novel vulnerability detection framework called GNNSE that integrates symbolic execution with graph neural networks(GNNs).The proposedmethod first constructs semantic graphs to comprehensively capture the control flow and data flow dependencies within smart contracts.These graphs are subsequently processed using GNNs to efficiently identify contracts with a high likelihood of vulnerabilities.For these high-risk contracts,symbolic execution is employed to perform fine-grained,path-level analysis,thereby improving overall detection precision.Experimental results on a dataset comprising 10,079 contracts demonstrate that the proposed method achieves detection precisions of 93.58% for reentrancy vulnerabilities and 92.73% for timestamp-dependent vulnerabilities.展开更多
As we enter the year 2026,the international system continues to receive shocks from Donald Trump,arguably the 21st century’s most disruptive US leader.His return to the White House in 2025 coincided with the 80th ann...As we enter the year 2026,the international system continues to receive shocks from Donald Trump,arguably the 21st century’s most disruptive US leader.His return to the White House in 2025 coincided with the 80th anniversary of the defeat of fascism and the establishment of the United Nations,the multilateral platform that carried the world’s hope for peace,restraint and collective security.The coincidence was unsettling.A world order designed to limit power now confronts a moment in which power is exercised openly,transactionally and unapologetically.展开更多
Background:Drama therapy as a discipline in clinical and public health areas dates back to movements in the Netherlands,Great Britain and the United States of America in the 1960s.Today,drama therapy comprises a huge ...Background:Drama therapy as a discipline in clinical and public health areas dates back to movements in the Netherlands,Great Britain and the United States of America in the 1960s.Today,drama therapy comprises a huge variety of methods and is applied in numerous medical domains such as psychiatry,pediatrics and neurogeriatrics.Nonetheless,historical and philosophical considerations suggest that at all times dramatic arts have encompassed curative potential and helped to promote mental health.Regarding this perspective,the present article aims to explore the spirit of drama therapy in ancient Chinese and Greek cultures.Methods:Involving cross-cultural psychiatry and medical anthropology,comparative research centred around salutary momentums inhering in drama and dramatic practices in Ancient China and Greece.The entire research process consisted of three phases:(i)screening of ancient Chinese and Greek dramatic rituals and arts to select phenomena and genres with pathological,therapeutic and mental health relevance;(ii)medical ontological processing,in particular from a psychopathological,psychiatric,psychotherapeutic and mental health scientific point of view,to explore and elucidate their curative and preventative features;(iii)transdisciplinary considerations about the evolution of drama therapy,as well as their diverse modes of artistic and medical reasoning.Results:The research process resulted in the identification of five(functional)roots of drama therapy,as well as public health benefits of dramatic arts:(i)dramatic rituals,stage-trance settings and spiritual immersion,(ii)mise-en-scène of divine spheres and alternative worlds,as well as scenic imagination and creative fusion of reality and fantasy,desire and satisfaction,(iii)anthropologic ontology,search of meaning and self-actualisation‘beyond codes and conventions’,(iv)personality traits and differential psychological symbolism,aesthetic self-exploration and auxiliary egos,(v)introjection and role-identity,inventive ways to tackle life problems,‘working through’and catharsis.Conclusion:Interdisciplinary constructivist reasoning suggests that dramatic arts and drama therapy share similar health promoting potential and innate therapeutic power.This calls for further research(i)to explore the entire spectrum of curative factors inhering in dramatic entities,(ii)to explain how drama-based interventions may alleviate mental-health issues alongside culturally sensitive differential diagnostic guidelines,and(iii)to optimise beneficial effects through advanced drama therapeutic settings.The present study suggests that dramatic arts shall also be studied with regard to public health challenges,self-regulation and self-care,mental resilience,well-being and quality of life,and emphatically advocates intensified collaboration between drama theory and drama therapy.展开更多
Literary symbolism is a powerful tool that is frequently used by Federico García Lorca,the most influential poet of the Generation of 27 of Spain.In Lorca’s system of symbols,the sea appears to be the most signi...Literary symbolism is a powerful tool that is frequently used by Federico García Lorca,the most influential poet of the Generation of 27 of Spain.In Lorca’s system of symbols,the sea appears to be the most significant.This study observes the variety of meanings of the sea,the evolution of this symbol,and its connection with other symbolic elements,as well as the structural function that the sea plays in Federico García Lorca’s poems.The aim is to reveal the hidden messages beneath the metaphor of the sea,as well as the emotional world of one of the most prominent poets of 20th-century Spanish literature.展开更多
As a key carrier for the implementation of the core quality of"aesthetic creativity",the effective realization of the aesthetic value of language textbook illustrations is facing the real problems of practic...As a key carrier for the implementation of the core quality of"aesthetic creativity",the effective realization of the aesthetic value of language textbook illustrations is facing the real problems of practical disconnection and theoretical gap.Based on the theories of semiotics,embodied cognition and cultural reproduction,this paper innovatively puts forward the concept of"transformation mechanism of aesthetic education",constructs a three-phase The study analyzes the dynamic transformation process of illustrations from image symbols to students'aesthetic experience.The study explains the essential characteristics of illustration as a dual symbolic system of"likenessregulation",reveals the cognitive ladder of"perception-cognition-creation"and the path of realization of embodied cognition,and points out that the current aesthetic education of illustration has the problem of instrumentalization,and that the current aesthetic education of illustration has the problem of instrumentalization.The study points out that the current aesthetic education of illustrations is plagued by instrumental alienation,cultural hegemony and aesthetic flattening,and proposes a"three-in-one"education path from the dimensions of teachers,teaching materials and culture,including improving teachers'aesthetic education,reconstructing the principles of teaching materials and dynamic revision mechanism,and constructing classroom aesthetic education communities.The study provides new perspectives and practical guidance for exploring the aesthetic value of language textbook illustrations and bridging the gap between the theories of aesthetics and pedagogy,aiming to promote the return of aesthetic education to the nature of"reconstruction of experience",and to cultivate students'aesthetic literacy and sound personality.展开更多
In a first for the African continent,Senegal will host the Dakar 2026 Youth Olympic Games(YOG)from 31 October to 13 November.The Dakar 2026 YOG carry a strong symbolic ambition,embodied by their motto“Africa welcomes...In a first for the African continent,Senegal will host the Dakar 2026 Youth Olympic Games(YOG)from 31 October to 13 November.The Dakar 2026 YOG carry a strong symbolic ambition,embodied by their motto“Africa welcomes,Dakar celebrates.”Host Senegal sees the event as a catalyst for its influence,the modernisation of its infrastructure,and the mobilisation of its youth.展开更多
The Nuo mask is the core visual vehicle within China’s Nuo culture and constitutes a complex symbolic system through facial features(icons),patterns(indexes),and colors(symbols).Within the context of intangible cultu...The Nuo mask is the core visual vehicle within China’s Nuo culture and constitutes a complex symbolic system through facial features(icons),patterns(indexes),and colors(symbols).Within the context of intangible cultural heritage(ICH)preservation,its value lies in the continuation and revitalization of its dynamic symbolic functions.Grounded in semiotic theory,this paper elaborates on three core dimensions of symbolic value manifested by Nuo masks in ICH preservation:a ritual symbol for living transmission,a symbol of identity for collective memory,and an aesthetic symbol as a source of creativity.展开更多
Based on the Smit-Suhl formula,we propose a universal approach for solving the magnon-magnon coupling problem in bilayer coupled systems(e.g.,antiferromagnets).This method requires only the energy expression,enabling ...Based on the Smit-Suhl formula,we propose a universal approach for solving the magnon-magnon coupling problem in bilayer coupled systems(e.g.,antiferromagnets).This method requires only the energy expression,enabling the automatic derivation of analytical expressions for the eigenmatrix elements via symbolic computation,eliminating the need for tedious manual calculations.Using this approach,we investigate the impact of magnetic hysteresis on magnon-magnon coupling in a system with interlayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction(DMI).The magnetic hysteresis leads to an asymmetric magnetic field dependence of the resonance frequency and alters the number of degeneracy points between the pure optical and acoustic modes.Moreover,it can result in the coupling strength at the gap of the f–H phase diagram being nearly vanishing,contrary to the conventionally expected maximum.These results deepen the understanding of the effect of interlayer DMI on magnon–magnon coupling and the proposed universal method significantly streamlines the solving process of magnon–magnon coupling problems.展开更多
With respect to oceanic fluid dynamics,certain models have appeared,e.g.,an extended time-dependent(3+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation in an ocean or a river,which we investigate in this paper.Using symbolic...With respect to oceanic fluid dynamics,certain models have appeared,e.g.,an extended time-dependent(3+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation in an ocean or a river,which we investigate in this paper.Using symbolic computation,we find out,on one hand,a set of bilinear auto-Backlund transformations,which could connect certain solutions of that equation with other solutions of that equation itself,and on the other hand,a set of similarity reductions,which could go from that equation to a known ordinary differential equation.The results in this paper depend on all the oceanic variable coefficients in that equation.展开更多
The central trinomial coefficient T_(n)denotes the coefficient of x^(n)in the expansion of(1+x+x^(2))^(n).We prove a congruence related to the sums of the central trinomial coefficient and the central binomial coeffic...The central trinomial coefficient T_(n)denotes the coefficient of x^(n)in the expansion of(1+x+x^(2))^(n).We prove a congruence related to the sums of the central trinomial coefficient and the central binomial coefficient,which was conjectured by Z.-W.Sun.展开更多
Transition metal catalysts supported on oxides undergo significant structural changes under reaction conditions,which are influenced by interactions with reactants.These interactions can lead to the dispersion of meta...Transition metal catalysts supported on oxides undergo significant structural changes under reaction conditions,which are influenced by interactions with reactants.These interactions can lead to the dispersion of metal atoms,leading to the formation of stable single-nucleus metal complexes.Understanding the stability of these complexes is essential for catalyst design.In this study,we use multitask symbolic regression to identify a descriptor for the stability of singlenucleus metal complexes with common reactants,such as CO and H_(2)O,on the basis of first-principles calculations.We develop a multidimensional descriptor incorporating metal‒metal,metal‒support,and metal‒adsorbate interactions,achieving high accuracy in predicting the stability of single-nucleus metal complexes.Our analysis revealed that in the absence of reactants,the stability of single metal atoms is mainly determined by the hardness(cohesive energy)of the metal.The presence of reactants such as CO and H_(2)O further stabilizes single-nucleus metal complexes by saturating undercoordinated metal atoms.This stabilization is correlated with the Lewis acidity of the surface oxygen in the support.Supports with lower Lewis acidity enhance metal‒support interactions,promoting CO adsorption on all metals and H_(2)O adsorption on complexes of hard metals.In contrast,supports with higher Lewis acidity enhance hydrogen adsorption,promoting H_(2)O interactions with complexes of soft metals as well as Pd and Pt.Additionally,our descriptor predicts nanoparticle(NP)dissociation into single-nucleus metal complexes or Ostwald ripening(OR)tendencies.Under CO conditions,harder metals tend to favor dissociation,whereas softer metals(e.g.,Ag,Cu,and Au)are more prone to OR.Under H_(2)O conditions,the Lewis acidity of the support surface oxygen influences NP behavior,with supports such as CeO_(2)stabilizing single-nucleus metal complexes and promoting NP dissociation.These insights provide guidance for selecting catalyst components and optimizing reaction conditions to control the stability of single-nucleus metal complexes and guide NP dissociation or OR processes.展开更多
In the last few years,scholars have continued to refine the understanding of conservatism through cultural psychology.The application of Symbolic Action Theory,particularly Ernst Boesch’s framework,remains central to...In the last few years,scholars have continued to refine the understanding of conservatism through cultural psychology.The application of Symbolic Action Theory,particularly Ernst Boesch’s framework,remains central to discussions,illustrating how conservatism is not merely a political stance but a dynamic system of behaviors that reinforces societal values through symbolic actions(Kölbl,2020).Additionally,recent studies have highlighted the interaction between cultural conservatism and collective identity,with particular focus on how conservatism can manifest in diverse cultural settings(Yilmaz&Alper,2019).Research also underscores the relevance of symbolic politics in shaping both individual attitudes and broader political actions,contributing to the understanding of how symbolic meanings sustain social conservatism in different cultural contexts(Chin&Levey,2022).展开更多
In recent years,machine learning(ML)techniques have been shown to be effective in accelerating the development process of optoelectronic devices.However,as"black box"models,they have limited theoretical inte...In recent years,machine learning(ML)techniques have been shown to be effective in accelerating the development process of optoelectronic devices.However,as"black box"models,they have limited theoretical interpretability.In this work,we leverage symbolic regression(SR)technique for discovering the explicit symbolic relationship between the structure of the optoelectronic Fabry-Perot(FP)laser and its optical field distribution,which greatly improves model transparency compared to ML.We demonstrated that the expressions explored through SR exhibit lower errors on the test set compared to ML models,which suggests that the expressions have better fitting and generalization capabilities.展开更多
Every world cultural heritage is a letter written by humans to the future.They are ancienl symbols on the wall of stones or exquisite patterns in the palace,bearing the wisdom and glory of different civilizations.
基金Supported by"Fine Recognition Technology of Types of Land CoversFaced the Land Parcel and Its Application"of National High Technology Research Development Plan(863 Plan)Item(2007AA12Z181)~~
文摘In order to improve the cartography efficiency and the intelligent level of forestry map,we put forward the symbolization scheme of forestry map based on MapGIS K9 platform.Firstly,the symbol library of forestry map was constructed according to The Graphic Representation of Forestry Map which was issued by the National Forestry Bureau in October,2010.Then,the symbol configuration rule database was established to realize the expression of symbol configuration rule in the digital environment.Finally,the symbolization module was realized with the support of MapGIS Objects component development technology,and the thematic data of forestry were visualized according to the symbol configuration rule.The practice proved that the scheme could basically satisfy the cartography requirements of common forestry maps which included the forest management inventory map.
基金Society and Science of Jiangsu Province (No.06JSBYS005)
文摘The folk costume in waterside villages of Southern Yangtze in China was notonly daily consumer goods, but also a symbol system of folk-custom culture. This symbol system was directly conveyed by a series medley shape signs, many-faceted color signs and decorated craft signs of pleated skirt. Its origination, accumulation, continual process and development were greatly associated with the life style and paddy culture of waterside villages, such as the folk religion, social life, artistic philosophy, regional culture, the landform of waterside villages and the humanity environment. So the folk costume was the significant sign of practical function and also the significative sign of folk traditional culture, both of which composed the costume cultural symbol system of waterside villages of Southern Yangtze called ＂ integration of aesthetic and practical function＂.
基金funded by the internal research funds competition at UCSM(Universidad Catolica de Santa Marıa)(Grant No.26617-R-2019).
文摘This study explores the symbolic value attributed by Indigenous inhabitants to theirdwellings and how the physical structure of the home serves to align domestic activities withmeanings related to their ancestral culture. To achieve this objective, we focused on the Peruvian Andes, specifically on Coporaque, an Indigenous village founded in the 16th centuryduring colonial times. In this locality, qualitative research was carried out using the phenomenological approach, prioritizing the lived experience of the native inhabitants in their daily“life world” through in-depth interviews and direct observations. Our results broaden understanding of the Andean vernacular dwelling, making visible the ways in which the “Wasi” becomes a stage for the symbolic occurrence of domesticity. The results reveal several significantnarratives on domesticity that support and give coherence to the life of these Indigenous communities, coinciding with the symbolic value that other cultures have attributed to dwellings.The study was able to conclude on the Indigenous house’s function in sustaining regional identities and how its physical structure is embodied in the inhabitants until it becomes one of thelast bastions of resistance against the homogenizing pressure that the globalized world tries toexert on native peoples.
文摘Across different eras and cultures,allusions have been one of the most subtle and at the same time effective artistic devices for conveying an author’s message through subtext.The Soviet era in Russian history was one of those socio-cultural contexts that gave birth to so many artifacts of this kind that it could easily be considered a classic example of the use of this technique in the modern times.The article analyzes various forms of allusion,including quotation as a type of contextual metaphor,in the works of the leading and at the same time most targeted Soviet composer Dmitri Shostakovich.Quotations from famous classical works in Shostakovich’s music,whether or not they are considered to have a predetermined meaning,are addressed along with references to classical,popular,or folk music,as well as messages conveyed through Jewish idiom,whatever it may be,which in itself seems truly unique to the Russian composer’s toolkit.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant 2023YFB2903902in part by the Science and Technology Innovation Leading Talents Subsidy Project of Central Plains under Grant 244200510038.
文摘In the process of programmable networks simplifying network management and increasing network flexibility through custom packet behavior,security incidents caused by human logic errors are seriously threatening their safe operation,robust verificationmethods are required to ensure their correctness.As one of the formalmethods,symbolic execution offers a viable approach for verifying programmable networks by systematically exploring all possible paths within a program.However,its application in this field encounters scalability issues due to path explosion and complex constraint-solving.Therefore,in this paper,we propose NetVerifier,a scalable verification system for programmable networks.Tomitigate the path explosion issue,we developmultiple pruning strategies that strategically eliminate irrelevant execution paths while preserving verification integrity by precisely identifying the execution paths related to the verification purpose.To address the complex constraint-solving problem,we introduce an execution results reuse solution to avoid redundant computation of the same constraints.To apply these solutions intelligently,a matching algorithm is implemented to automatically select appropriate solutions based on the characteristics of the verification requirement.Moreover,Language Aided Verification(LAV),an assertion language,is designed to express verification intentions in a concise form.Experimental results on diverse open-source programs of varying scales demonstrate NetVerifier’s improvement in scalability and effectiveness in identifying potential network errors.In the best scenario,compared with ASSERT-P4,NetVerifier reduced the execution path,verification time,and memory occupation of the verification process by 99.92%,94.76%,and 65.19%,respectively.
基金supported by the Information,Production and Systems Research Center,Waseda University,and partly supported by the Future Robotics Organization,Waseda Universitythe Humanoid Robotics Institute,Waseda University,under the Humanoid Project+1 种基金the Waseda University Grant for Special Research Projects(grant numbers 2024C-518 and 2025E-027)was partly executed under the cooperation of organization between Kioxia Corporation andWaseda University.
文摘Planning in lexical-prior-free environments presents a fundamental challenge for evaluating whether large language models(LLMs)possess genuine structural reasoning capabilities beyond lexical memorization.When predicates and action names are replaced with semantically irrelevant random symbols while preserving logical structures,existing direct generation approaches exhibit severe performance degradation.This paper proposes a symbol-agnostic closed-loop planning pipeline that enables models to construct executable plans through systematic validation and iterative refinement.The system implements a complete generate-verify-repair cycle through six core processing components:semantic comprehension extracts structural constraints,language planner generates text plans,symbol translator performs structure-preserving mapping,consistency checker conducts static screening,Stanford Research Institute Problem Solver(STRIPS)simulator executes step-by-step validation,and VAL(Validator)provides semantic verification.A repair controller orchestrates four targeted strategies addressing typical failure patterns including first-step precondition errors andmid-segment statemaintenance issues.Comprehensive evaluation on PlanBench Mystery Blocksworld demonstrates substantial improvements over baseline approaches across both language models and reasoning models.Ablation studies confirm that each architectural component contributes non-redundantly to overall effectiveness,with targeted repair providing the largest impact,followed by deep constraint extraction and stepwise validation,demonstrating that superior performance emerges from synergistic integration of these mechanisms rather than any single dominant factor.Analysis reveals distinct failure patterns betweenmodel types—languagemodels struggle with local precondition satisfaction while reasoning models face global goal achievement challenges—yet the validation-driven mechanism successfully addresses these diverse weaknesses.A particularly noteworthy finding is the convergence of final success rates across models with varying intrinsic capabilities,suggesting that systematic validation and repair mechanisms play a more decisive role than raw model capacity in lexical-prior-free scenarios.This work establishes a rigorous evaluation framework incorporating statistical significance testing and mechanistic failure analysis,providingmethodological contributions for fair assessment and practical insights into building reliable planning systems under extreme constraint conditions.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2020YFB1005704).
文摘Since the advent of smart contracts,security vulnerabilities have remained a persistent challenge,compromsing both the reliability of contract execution and the overall stability of the virtual currency market.Consequently,the academic community has devoted increasing attention to these security risks.However,conventional approaches to vulnerability detection frequently exhibit limited accuracy.To address this limitation,the present study introduces a novel vulnerability detection framework called GNNSE that integrates symbolic execution with graph neural networks(GNNs).The proposedmethod first constructs semantic graphs to comprehensively capture the control flow and data flow dependencies within smart contracts.These graphs are subsequently processed using GNNs to efficiently identify contracts with a high likelihood of vulnerabilities.For these high-risk contracts,symbolic execution is employed to perform fine-grained,path-level analysis,thereby improving overall detection precision.Experimental results on a dataset comprising 10,079 contracts demonstrate that the proposed method achieves detection precisions of 93.58% for reentrancy vulnerabilities and 92.73% for timestamp-dependent vulnerabilities.
文摘As we enter the year 2026,the international system continues to receive shocks from Donald Trump,arguably the 21st century’s most disruptive US leader.His return to the White House in 2025 coincided with the 80th anniversary of the defeat of fascism and the establishment of the United Nations,the multilateral platform that carried the world’s hope for peace,restraint and collective security.The coincidence was unsettling.A world order designed to limit power now confronts a moment in which power is exercised openly,transactionally and unapologetically.
文摘Background:Drama therapy as a discipline in clinical and public health areas dates back to movements in the Netherlands,Great Britain and the United States of America in the 1960s.Today,drama therapy comprises a huge variety of methods and is applied in numerous medical domains such as psychiatry,pediatrics and neurogeriatrics.Nonetheless,historical and philosophical considerations suggest that at all times dramatic arts have encompassed curative potential and helped to promote mental health.Regarding this perspective,the present article aims to explore the spirit of drama therapy in ancient Chinese and Greek cultures.Methods:Involving cross-cultural psychiatry and medical anthropology,comparative research centred around salutary momentums inhering in drama and dramatic practices in Ancient China and Greece.The entire research process consisted of three phases:(i)screening of ancient Chinese and Greek dramatic rituals and arts to select phenomena and genres with pathological,therapeutic and mental health relevance;(ii)medical ontological processing,in particular from a psychopathological,psychiatric,psychotherapeutic and mental health scientific point of view,to explore and elucidate their curative and preventative features;(iii)transdisciplinary considerations about the evolution of drama therapy,as well as their diverse modes of artistic and medical reasoning.Results:The research process resulted in the identification of five(functional)roots of drama therapy,as well as public health benefits of dramatic arts:(i)dramatic rituals,stage-trance settings and spiritual immersion,(ii)mise-en-scène of divine spheres and alternative worlds,as well as scenic imagination and creative fusion of reality and fantasy,desire and satisfaction,(iii)anthropologic ontology,search of meaning and self-actualisation‘beyond codes and conventions’,(iv)personality traits and differential psychological symbolism,aesthetic self-exploration and auxiliary egos,(v)introjection and role-identity,inventive ways to tackle life problems,‘working through’and catharsis.Conclusion:Interdisciplinary constructivist reasoning suggests that dramatic arts and drama therapy share similar health promoting potential and innate therapeutic power.This calls for further research(i)to explore the entire spectrum of curative factors inhering in dramatic entities,(ii)to explain how drama-based interventions may alleviate mental-health issues alongside culturally sensitive differential diagnostic guidelines,and(iii)to optimise beneficial effects through advanced drama therapeutic settings.The present study suggests that dramatic arts shall also be studied with regard to public health challenges,self-regulation and self-care,mental resilience,well-being and quality of life,and emphatically advocates intensified collaboration between drama theory and drama therapy.
文摘Literary symbolism is a powerful tool that is frequently used by Federico García Lorca,the most influential poet of the Generation of 27 of Spain.In Lorca’s system of symbols,the sea appears to be the most significant.This study observes the variety of meanings of the sea,the evolution of this symbol,and its connection with other symbolic elements,as well as the structural function that the sea plays in Federico García Lorca’s poems.The aim is to reveal the hidden messages beneath the metaphor of the sea,as well as the emotional world of one of the most prominent poets of 20th-century Spanish literature.
基金The 2026 Annual Project for the Improvement of Educational and Research Capabilities of Primary and Secondary School Teachers in Guangdong Province titled"Breaking Boundaries,Integration,and Empowerment:Innovative Practice Research on Teacher Training Courses for the Synergy of Aesthetic Education and Moral Education"(Host:Wenjiang Zhang)。
文摘As a key carrier for the implementation of the core quality of"aesthetic creativity",the effective realization of the aesthetic value of language textbook illustrations is facing the real problems of practical disconnection and theoretical gap.Based on the theories of semiotics,embodied cognition and cultural reproduction,this paper innovatively puts forward the concept of"transformation mechanism of aesthetic education",constructs a three-phase The study analyzes the dynamic transformation process of illustrations from image symbols to students'aesthetic experience.The study explains the essential characteristics of illustration as a dual symbolic system of"likenessregulation",reveals the cognitive ladder of"perception-cognition-creation"and the path of realization of embodied cognition,and points out that the current aesthetic education of illustration has the problem of instrumentalization,and that the current aesthetic education of illustration has the problem of instrumentalization.The study points out that the current aesthetic education of illustrations is plagued by instrumental alienation,cultural hegemony and aesthetic flattening,and proposes a"three-in-one"education path from the dimensions of teachers,teaching materials and culture,including improving teachers'aesthetic education,reconstructing the principles of teaching materials and dynamic revision mechanism,and constructing classroom aesthetic education communities.The study provides new perspectives and practical guidance for exploring the aesthetic value of language textbook illustrations and bridging the gap between the theories of aesthetics and pedagogy,aiming to promote the return of aesthetic education to the nature of"reconstruction of experience",and to cultivate students'aesthetic literacy and sound personality.
文摘In a first for the African continent,Senegal will host the Dakar 2026 Youth Olympic Games(YOG)from 31 October to 13 November.The Dakar 2026 YOG carry a strong symbolic ambition,embodied by their motto“Africa welcomes,Dakar celebrates.”Host Senegal sees the event as a catalyst for its influence,the modernisation of its infrastructure,and the mobilisation of its youth.
基金National Social Science Fund project“Research on the Narrative of the Sense of Community for the Chinese Nation in Southwest Nuo Opera”(24XMZ063).
文摘The Nuo mask is the core visual vehicle within China’s Nuo culture and constitutes a complex symbolic system through facial features(icons),patterns(indexes),and colors(symbols).Within the context of intangible cultural heritage(ICH)preservation,its value lies in the continuation and revitalization of its dynamic symbolic functions.Grounded in semiotic theory,this paper elaborates on three core dimensions of symbolic value manifested by Nuo masks in ICH preservation:a ritual symbol for living transmission,a symbol of identity for collective memory,and an aesthetic symbol as a source of creativity.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (MOST)(Grant No.2022YFA1402800)the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Presidents International Fellowship Initiative (PIFI)(Grant No.2025PG0006)+3 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)(Grant Nos.51831012,12274437,and 52161160334)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (Grant No.YSBR-084)the CAS Youth Interdisciplinary Teamthe China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No.2025M773402)。
文摘Based on the Smit-Suhl formula,we propose a universal approach for solving the magnon-magnon coupling problem in bilayer coupled systems(e.g.,antiferromagnets).This method requires only the energy expression,enabling the automatic derivation of analytical expressions for the eigenmatrix elements via symbolic computation,eliminating the need for tedious manual calculations.Using this approach,we investigate the impact of magnetic hysteresis on magnon-magnon coupling in a system with interlayer Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction(DMI).The magnetic hysteresis leads to an asymmetric magnetic field dependence of the resonance frequency and alters the number of degeneracy points between the pure optical and acoustic modes.Moreover,it can result in the coupling strength at the gap of the f–H phase diagram being nearly vanishing,contrary to the conventionally expected maximum.These results deepen the understanding of the effect of interlayer DMI on magnon–magnon coupling and the proposed universal method significantly streamlines the solving process of magnon–magnon coupling problems.
基金financially supported by the Scientific Research Foundation of North China University of Technology(Grant Nos.11005136024XN147-87 and 110051360024XN151-86).
文摘With respect to oceanic fluid dynamics,certain models have appeared,e.g.,an extended time-dependent(3+1)-dimensional shallow water wave equation in an ocean or a river,which we investigate in this paper.Using symbolic computation,we find out,on one hand,a set of bilinear auto-Backlund transformations,which could connect certain solutions of that equation with other solutions of that equation itself,and on the other hand,a set of similarity reductions,which could go from that equation to a known ordinary differential equation.The results in this paper depend on all the oceanic variable coefficients in that equation.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(11971222,12071208)Jiangsu Qinglan ProjectProject of Guangzhou Huashang College(2022HSDS27)。
文摘The central trinomial coefficient T_(n)denotes the coefficient of x^(n)in the expansion of(1+x+x^(2))^(n).We prove a congruence related to the sums of the central trinomial coefficient and the central binomial coefficient,which was conjectured by Z.-W.Sun.
基金supported by the Key Technologies R&D Program of China(2021YFA1502804)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(XDB0450102)+2 种基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22172150,22221003,22222306,22432004)the Innovation Program for Quantum Science and Technology(2021ZD0303302)high-performance computational resources provided by the University of Science and Technology of China and the Hefei Advanced Computing Center.
文摘Transition metal catalysts supported on oxides undergo significant structural changes under reaction conditions,which are influenced by interactions with reactants.These interactions can lead to the dispersion of metal atoms,leading to the formation of stable single-nucleus metal complexes.Understanding the stability of these complexes is essential for catalyst design.In this study,we use multitask symbolic regression to identify a descriptor for the stability of singlenucleus metal complexes with common reactants,such as CO and H_(2)O,on the basis of first-principles calculations.We develop a multidimensional descriptor incorporating metal‒metal,metal‒support,and metal‒adsorbate interactions,achieving high accuracy in predicting the stability of single-nucleus metal complexes.Our analysis revealed that in the absence of reactants,the stability of single metal atoms is mainly determined by the hardness(cohesive energy)of the metal.The presence of reactants such as CO and H_(2)O further stabilizes single-nucleus metal complexes by saturating undercoordinated metal atoms.This stabilization is correlated with the Lewis acidity of the surface oxygen in the support.Supports with lower Lewis acidity enhance metal‒support interactions,promoting CO adsorption on all metals and H_(2)O adsorption on complexes of hard metals.In contrast,supports with higher Lewis acidity enhance hydrogen adsorption,promoting H_(2)O interactions with complexes of soft metals as well as Pd and Pt.Additionally,our descriptor predicts nanoparticle(NP)dissociation into single-nucleus metal complexes or Ostwald ripening(OR)tendencies.Under CO conditions,harder metals tend to favor dissociation,whereas softer metals(e.g.,Ag,Cu,and Au)are more prone to OR.Under H_(2)O conditions,the Lewis acidity of the support surface oxygen influences NP behavior,with supports such as CeO_(2)stabilizing single-nucleus metal complexes and promoting NP dissociation.These insights provide guidance for selecting catalyst components and optimizing reaction conditions to control the stability of single-nucleus metal complexes and guide NP dissociation or OR processes.
基金supported by the Philosophy and Social Science Research Fund of Zhejiang Province(Grant No.24ZJQN095YB)the Educational and Teaching Reform Project of HDU-ITMO Joint Institute(Grant No.SGJ2023JG007).
文摘In the last few years,scholars have continued to refine the understanding of conservatism through cultural psychology.The application of Symbolic Action Theory,particularly Ernst Boesch’s framework,remains central to discussions,illustrating how conservatism is not merely a political stance but a dynamic system of behaviors that reinforces societal values through symbolic actions(Kölbl,2020).Additionally,recent studies have highlighted the interaction between cultural conservatism and collective identity,with particular focus on how conservatism can manifest in diverse cultural settings(Yilmaz&Alper,2019).Research also underscores the relevance of symbolic politics in shaping both individual attitudes and broader political actions,contributing to the understanding of how symbolic meanings sustain social conservatism in different cultural contexts(Chin&Levey,2022).
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.92370117)the CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research(No.YSBR-090)。
文摘In recent years,machine learning(ML)techniques have been shown to be effective in accelerating the development process of optoelectronic devices.However,as"black box"models,they have limited theoretical interpretability.In this work,we leverage symbolic regression(SR)technique for discovering the explicit symbolic relationship between the structure of the optoelectronic Fabry-Perot(FP)laser and its optical field distribution,which greatly improves model transparency compared to ML.We demonstrated that the expressions explored through SR exhibit lower errors on the test set compared to ML models,which suggests that the expressions have better fitting and generalization capabilities.
文摘Every world cultural heritage is a letter written by humans to the future.They are ancienl symbols on the wall of stones or exquisite patterns in the palace,bearing the wisdom and glory of different civilizations.
