The research goal is to develop a new solar water heater system(SWHS) that uses a solar bubble pump instead of an electric pump.The pump is powered by the steam produced from an evacuated tube collector.Therefore,heat...The research goal is to develop a new solar water heater system(SWHS) that uses a solar bubble pump instead of an electric pump.The pump is powered by the steam produced from an evacuated tube collector.Therefore,heat could be transferred downward from the collector to a hot water storage tank.The designed system consists of two sets of heat-pipe evacuated tube collectors,a solar bubble pump installed at an upper level and a water storage tank with a heat exchanger at a lower level.Discharge heads of 1 and 5 m were tested.The bubble pump could operate at the collector temperature of about 90-100 ℃ and vapor gage pressure of 80-90 kPa.It is found that water circulation within the SWHS depends on the incident solar intensity and system discharge head.Experimental investigations are conducted to obtain the system thermal efficiencies from the hourly,daily and long-term performance tests.The thermal performance of the proposed system is compared with conventional solar water heaters.The results show that the proposed system achieves system characteristic efficiency of 10% higher than that of the conventional systems using electric pump if taking the consumption of electric power into account.And the former is a zero carbon system.展开更多
Parabolic trough collectors （PTCs） are employed for a variety of applications including steam generation and hot water generation. This paper deals with the experimental results and an economic analysis of a new fib...Parabolic trough collectors （PTCs） are employed for a variety of applications including steam generation and hot water generation. This paper deals with the experimental results and an economic analysis of a new fibre reinforced plastic （FRP） based solar PTC with an embedded electronic controlled tracking system designed and developed for hot water generation in a restaurant in Madurai, India. The new collector performance has been tested according to ASHRAE Standard 93 （1986）. The performance of a new PTC hot water generation system with a well mixed hot water storage tank is investigated by a series of extensive tests over ten months period. The average maximum storage tank water temperature observed was 74.91℃, when no energy is withdrawn from the tank to the load during the collection period. The total cost of the new economic FRP based solar PTC for hot water generation with an embedded electronic controlled tracking system is Rs. 25000 （US$ 573） only. In the present work, life cycle savings （LCS） method is employed for a detailed economic analysis of the PTC system. A computer program is used as a tool for the economic analysis. The present worth of life cycle solar savings is evaluated for the new solar PTC hot water generation system that replaces an existing electric water heating system in the restaurant and attains a value of Rs. 23171.66 after 15 years, which is a significant saving. The LCS method and the MATLAB computer simulation program presented in this paper can be used to estimate the LCS of other renewable energy systems.展开更多
将基于最优插值(OI)的同化并行模块植入第三代海浪模式WAVEWATCH III version3.14,建立数据同化的台风海浪模式预报系统。该系统的强迫风场采用模型台风风场与台风来前海区背景风场混成的风场。以模式后报2010年7月严重影响南海北部的&q...将基于最优插值(OI)的同化并行模块植入第三代海浪模式WAVEWATCH III version3.14,建立数据同化的台风海浪模式预报系统。该系统的强迫风场采用模型台风风场与台风来前海区背景风场混成的风场。以模式后报2010年7月严重影响南海北部的"康森"和"灿都"台风引起的海浪场为例,首先对所构造的混合风场的台风海面风场结构进行定性检验,并用高度计沿轨风速对混合风场精度进行定量验证。在此基础上,海浪模式在混合风场强迫下边积分边同化。同化数据采用上述台风过境南海期间Jason-2卫星高度计沿轨有效波高(SWH)。值得指出的是,同化时只取SWH沿轨数据的一部分用于同化计算,而另一部分沿轨数据则用于对同化分析结果进行检验。先后同化了4条轨道上的SWH数据。将SWH的同化分析与无同化的对照组结果分别与高度计测量SWH比较,发现同化较无同化可使均方根误差获得50%以上的明显改进。以同化分析场作为初始场,同化影响预报(这里是后报)的时效性约在48 h以内。本研究目的是通过同化高度计SWH数据进一步提升台风海浪模式预报的准确度。展开更多
基金Project(2011-0021376) supported by Basic Science Program through the National Research Foundation (NRF) Funded by the Ministry of Education,Science and Technology of Korea
文摘The research goal is to develop a new solar water heater system(SWHS) that uses a solar bubble pump instead of an electric pump.The pump is powered by the steam produced from an evacuated tube collector.Therefore,heat could be transferred downward from the collector to a hot water storage tank.The designed system consists of two sets of heat-pipe evacuated tube collectors,a solar bubble pump installed at an upper level and a water storage tank with a heat exchanger at a lower level.Discharge heads of 1 and 5 m were tested.The bubble pump could operate at the collector temperature of about 90-100 ℃ and vapor gage pressure of 80-90 kPa.It is found that water circulation within the SWHS depends on the incident solar intensity and system discharge head.Experimental investigations are conducted to obtain the system thermal efficiencies from the hourly,daily and long-term performance tests.The thermal performance of the proposed system is compared with conventional solar water heaters.The results show that the proposed system achieves system characteristic efficiency of 10% higher than that of the conventional systems using electric pump if taking the consumption of electric power into account.And the former is a zero carbon system.
文摘Parabolic trough collectors （PTCs） are employed for a variety of applications including steam generation and hot water generation. This paper deals with the experimental results and an economic analysis of a new fibre reinforced plastic （FRP） based solar PTC with an embedded electronic controlled tracking system designed and developed for hot water generation in a restaurant in Madurai, India. The new collector performance has been tested according to ASHRAE Standard 93 （1986）. The performance of a new PTC hot water generation system with a well mixed hot water storage tank is investigated by a series of extensive tests over ten months period. The average maximum storage tank water temperature observed was 74.91℃, when no energy is withdrawn from the tank to the load during the collection period. The total cost of the new economic FRP based solar PTC for hot water generation with an embedded electronic controlled tracking system is Rs. 25000 （US$ 573） only. In the present work, life cycle savings （LCS） method is employed for a detailed economic analysis of the PTC system. A computer program is used as a tool for the economic analysis. The present worth of life cycle solar savings is evaluated for the new solar PTC hot water generation system that replaces an existing electric water heating system in the restaurant and attains a value of Rs. 23171.66 after 15 years, which is a significant saving. The LCS method and the MATLAB computer simulation program presented in this paper can be used to estimate the LCS of other renewable energy systems.
文摘将基于最优插值(OI)的同化并行模块植入第三代海浪模式WAVEWATCH III version3.14,建立数据同化的台风海浪模式预报系统。该系统的强迫风场采用模型台风风场与台风来前海区背景风场混成的风场。以模式后报2010年7月严重影响南海北部的"康森"和"灿都"台风引起的海浪场为例,首先对所构造的混合风场的台风海面风场结构进行定性检验,并用高度计沿轨风速对混合风场精度进行定量验证。在此基础上,海浪模式在混合风场强迫下边积分边同化。同化数据采用上述台风过境南海期间Jason-2卫星高度计沿轨有效波高(SWH)。值得指出的是,同化时只取SWH沿轨数据的一部分用于同化计算,而另一部分沿轨数据则用于对同化分析结果进行检验。先后同化了4条轨道上的SWH数据。将SWH的同化分析与无同化的对照组结果分别与高度计测量SWH比较,发现同化较无同化可使均方根误差获得50%以上的明显改进。以同化分析场作为初始场,同化影响预报(这里是后报)的时效性约在48 h以内。本研究目的是通过同化高度计SWH数据进一步提升台风海浪模式预报的准确度。
