The implementation of the standard is expected to help electric vehicle battery swap stations to adapt to diversified needs and vehicle models,promoting the industry’s orderly and healthy development.
In this work,Langevin dynamics simulations were carried out to thoroughly investigate the swapping process of composite knots under tension in a cuboid nanochannel.From our analysis,the free energy profiles of knot sw...In this work,Langevin dynamics simulations were carried out to thoroughly investigate the swapping process of composite knots under tension in a cuboid nanochannel.From our analysis,the free energy profiles of knot swapping under different conditions were extracted from the overall probability distribution of the relative distance between the centers of composite knots.In addition,the impact of the stretching force,confinement size,and bending stiffness on the free energy profiles was directly identified.Especially,the influence of topology structure is for the first time reported.The increasing stretching force in a fixed confinement or the confinement size under a constant stretching force does not alter their respective equilibrium populations at the separate state and the entangled state.In contrast,a bending stiffness larger than 15 enhanced the formation of the entangled state.The topology structure of the 51knot,which was different from the 52knot,resulted in forming a metastable state in the free energy profiles.The increasing stretching forces yielded an enhancement of the following free energy barrier.展开更多
Automated guided vehicles(AGVs)are key equipment in automated container terminals(ACTs),and their operational efficiency can be impacted by conflicts and battery swapping.Additionally,AGVs have bidirectional transport...Automated guided vehicles(AGVs)are key equipment in automated container terminals(ACTs),and their operational efficiency can be impacted by conflicts and battery swapping.Additionally,AGVs have bidirectional transportation capabilities,allowing them tomove in the opposite directionwithout turning around,which helps reduce transportation time.This paper aims at the problem of AGV scheduling and bidirectional conflict-free routing with battery swapping in automated terminals.A bi-level mixed integer programming(MIP)model is proposed,taking into account task assignment,bidirectional conflict-free routing,and battery swapping.The upper model focuses on container task assignment and AGV battery swapping planning,while the lower model ensures conflict-free movement of AGVs.A double-threshold battery swapping strategy is introduced,allowing AGVs to utilize waiting time for loading for battery swapping.An improved differential evolution variable neighborhood search(IDE-VNS)algorithm is developed to solve the bi-level MIP model,aiming to minimize the completion time of all jobs.Experimental results demonstrate that compared to the differential evolution(DE)algorithm and the genetic algorithm(GA),the IDEVNS algorithmreduces fitness values by 44.49% and 45.22%,though it does increase computation time by 56.28% and 62.03%,respectively.Bidirectional transportation reduces the fitness value by an average of 10.97% when the container scale is small.As the container scale increases,the fitness value of bidirectional transportation gradually approaches that of unidirectional transportation.The results further show that the double-threshold battery swapping strategy enhances AGV utilization and reduces the fitness value.展开更多
作物长势和田间水分预测对于农业精准管理至关重要。为准确模拟宁夏玉米产量,利用2019-2020年田间观测数据,整合SWAP(soil-water-atmosphere-plant)模型和迭代集成平滑算法(iterative ensemble smoother,IES)构建了适用于宁夏干旱地区...作物长势和田间水分预测对于农业精准管理至关重要。为准确模拟宁夏玉米产量,利用2019-2020年田间观测数据,整合SWAP(soil-water-atmosphere-plant)模型和迭代集成平滑算法(iterative ensemble smoother,IES)构建了适用于宁夏干旱地区玉米的SWAP-IES作物同化模型。比较了同化叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、土壤含水率(soil water content,SW)及其组合对宁夏干旱地区玉米种植区土壤含水率模拟和产量估算的影响。研究结果表明,当同时同化LAI和SW数据时,土壤含水率模拟的决定系数(R2)显著提升,从初始时的-0.07增加到0.71。这表明,将LAI和SW数据同时纳入模型显著增强了模型预测土壤含水率的准确性。而同时同化LAI和SW相比仅同化LAI或SW能更好的模拟土壤含水率,这表明2个观测变量之间并不是孤立的,二者的耦合能更好地提升模型的模拟精度。同时同化LAI和SW时估产精度最高,RMSE降低到914.113 kg/hm^(2),显著低于其他情景。说明所构建的SWAP-IES玉米同化模型,在同时同化LAI和SW的情况下,可以准确模拟土壤含水率变化过程和玉米产量,为干旱地区农田灌溉优化和玉米估产提供参考。展开更多
The effects of stochastic volatility,jump clustering,and regime switching are considered when pricing variance swaps.This study established a two-stage procedure that simplifies the derivation by first isolating the r...The effects of stochastic volatility,jump clustering,and regime switching are considered when pricing variance swaps.This study established a two-stage procedure that simplifies the derivation by first isolating the regime switching from other stochastic sources.Based on this,a novel probabilistic approach was employed,leading to pricing formulas with time-dependent and regime-switching parameters.The formulated solutions were easy to implement and differed from most existing results of variance swap pricing,where Fourier inversion or fast Fourier transform must be performed to obtain the final results,since they are completely analytical without involving integrations.The numerical results indicate that jump clustering and regime switching have a significant influence on variance swap prices.展开更多
文摘The implementation of the standard is expected to help electric vehicle battery swap stations to adapt to diversified needs and vehicle models,promoting the industry’s orderly and healthy development.
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.11864006,11874309,12164007,and 12204118。
文摘In this work,Langevin dynamics simulations were carried out to thoroughly investigate the swapping process of composite knots under tension in a cuboid nanochannel.From our analysis,the free energy profiles of knot swapping under different conditions were extracted from the overall probability distribution of the relative distance between the centers of composite knots.In addition,the impact of the stretching force,confinement size,and bending stiffness on the free energy profiles was directly identified.Especially,the influence of topology structure is for the first time reported.The increasing stretching force in a fixed confinement or the confinement size under a constant stretching force does not alter their respective equilibrium populations at the separate state and the entangled state.In contrast,a bending stiffness larger than 15 enhanced the formation of the entangled state.The topology structure of the 51knot,which was different from the 52knot,resulted in forming a metastable state in the free energy profiles.The increasing stretching forces yielded an enhancement of the following free energy barrier.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.62073212)Shanghai Science and Technology Commission(No.23ZR1426600).
文摘Automated guided vehicles(AGVs)are key equipment in automated container terminals(ACTs),and their operational efficiency can be impacted by conflicts and battery swapping.Additionally,AGVs have bidirectional transportation capabilities,allowing them tomove in the opposite directionwithout turning around,which helps reduce transportation time.This paper aims at the problem of AGV scheduling and bidirectional conflict-free routing with battery swapping in automated terminals.A bi-level mixed integer programming(MIP)model is proposed,taking into account task assignment,bidirectional conflict-free routing,and battery swapping.The upper model focuses on container task assignment and AGV battery swapping planning,while the lower model ensures conflict-free movement of AGVs.A double-threshold battery swapping strategy is introduced,allowing AGVs to utilize waiting time for loading for battery swapping.An improved differential evolution variable neighborhood search(IDE-VNS)algorithm is developed to solve the bi-level MIP model,aiming to minimize the completion time of all jobs.Experimental results demonstrate that compared to the differential evolution(DE)algorithm and the genetic algorithm(GA),the IDEVNS algorithmreduces fitness values by 44.49% and 45.22%,though it does increase computation time by 56.28% and 62.03%,respectively.Bidirectional transportation reduces the fitness value by an average of 10.97% when the container scale is small.As the container scale increases,the fitness value of bidirectional transportation gradually approaches that of unidirectional transportation.The results further show that the double-threshold battery swapping strategy enhances AGV utilization and reduces the fitness value.
文摘作物长势和田间水分预测对于农业精准管理至关重要。为准确模拟宁夏玉米产量,利用2019-2020年田间观测数据,整合SWAP(soil-water-atmosphere-plant)模型和迭代集成平滑算法(iterative ensemble smoother,IES)构建了适用于宁夏干旱地区玉米的SWAP-IES作物同化模型。比较了同化叶面积指数(leaf area index,LAI)、土壤含水率(soil water content,SW)及其组合对宁夏干旱地区玉米种植区土壤含水率模拟和产量估算的影响。研究结果表明,当同时同化LAI和SW数据时,土壤含水率模拟的决定系数(R2)显著提升,从初始时的-0.07增加到0.71。这表明,将LAI和SW数据同时纳入模型显著增强了模型预测土壤含水率的准确性。而同时同化LAI和SW相比仅同化LAI或SW能更好的模拟土壤含水率,这表明2个观测变量之间并不是孤立的,二者的耦合能更好地提升模型的模拟精度。同时同化LAI和SW时估产精度最高,RMSE降低到914.113 kg/hm^(2),显著低于其他情景。说明所构建的SWAP-IES玉米同化模型,在同时同化LAI和SW的情况下,可以准确模拟土壤含水率变化过程和玉米产量,为干旱地区农田灌溉优化和玉米估产提供参考。
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.12101554,12301614),the Fundamental Research Funds for Zhejiang Provincial Universities(No.GB202103001)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LQ22A010010)Ministry of Educational Social Science Foundation of China(No.21YJC880050).
文摘The effects of stochastic volatility,jump clustering,and regime switching are considered when pricing variance swaps.This study established a two-stage procedure that simplifies the derivation by first isolating the regime switching from other stochastic sources.Based on this,a novel probabilistic approach was employed,leading to pricing formulas with time-dependent and regime-switching parameters.The formulated solutions were easy to implement and differed from most existing results of variance swap pricing,where Fourier inversion or fast Fourier transform must be performed to obtain the final results,since they are completely analytical without involving integrations.The numerical results indicate that jump clustering and regime switching have a significant influence on variance swap prices.
基金This work was supported by the National Science Foundation of China under Grant(No.10574001)the Program of the Education Department of Anhui Province(2004kj029)+1 种基金the Talent Foundation of Anhui Universitythe Youth Program of Fu Yang Normal College under Grant(No.2005LQ03)and(No.2005LQ04)
