In this work,a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on Zn-doped copper gallium oxide@ordered mesoporous carbon(Zn-CuGaO_(2)@CMK-3)for signal amplification was successfully developed for the simultaneous detec...In this work,a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on Zn-doped copper gallium oxide@ordered mesoporous carbon(Zn-CuGaO_(2)@CMK-3)for signal amplification was successfully developed for the simultaneous detection of sunset yellow(SY)and tartrazine(TZ)in foods.Compared with CuGaO_(2)@CMK-3,Zn-CuGaO_(2)@CMK-3 offered enhanced conductivity and catalytic properties owing to the improved carrier density,which was beneficial to the electrooxidation of SY and TZ.Under the optimal testing conditions,the constructed Zn-CuGaO_(2)@CMK-3/GCE sensor offered a wide linear concentration range(0.25-100.00μmol/L)for the detection of both SY and TZ.The limits of detection for SY and TZ were 0.044 and 0.059μmol/L,respectively.Recovery experiments were performed in milk,white vinegar and biscuit samples,yielding satisfactory recoveries(82.70%-114.80%).Furthermore,the sensor was successfully applied to the determination of the SY and TZ residues in two kinds of carbonated drinks,and the results were nearly consistent with those detected by the high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method(P>0.05).展开更多
Objective:To determine the protective effect of co-enzyme Q10(CoQ10)on testicular tissue and sperm parameters in male rats treated with SunsetYellow FCF.Methods:Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided int...Objective:To determine the protective effect of co-enzyme Q10(CoQ10)on testicular tissue and sperm parameters in male rats treated with SunsetYellow FCF.Methods:Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of the control,CoQ10(10 mg/kg/day),low dose of Sunset Yellow(2.5 mg/kg),high dose of Sunset Yellow(70 mg/kg),low dose of Sunset Yellow(2.5 mg/kg)plus CoQ10,and high dose of Sunset Yellow(70 mg/kg)plus CoQ10.The drugs were administered via daily oral gavages for 6 weeks.At the end of the experiment,sperm analysis,stereological and histological assessments of the testis were carried out.Results:The normal morphology(by 41.1%)and progressive spermatozoa(by 74.8%),testicle volume(by 33.4%),lumen volume(by 38.3%),interstitial tissue volume(by 44.7%),seminiferous tubule volume(by 40.7%),and number of spermatogonia(by 53.9%)and Leydig cells(by 70.7%)reduced in the rats that received high doses of Sunset Yellow in comparison to the control group.Nonetheless,all these alterations were recovered by CoQ10 treatment in the CoQ10 plus high dose of Sunset Yellow group.Furthermore,low doses of Sunset Yellow did not affect different parameters of the testis and sperm.Conclusions:CoQ10 could,to some extent,prevent structural changes of the testis induced by the high dose of SunsetYellow.展开更多
The use of dyes such as tartrazine (E102) and sunset yellow (E102) in food, beverages and health products for technological and commercial purposes is common. The adverse effects caused by these dyes, such as allergie...The use of dyes such as tartrazine (E102) and sunset yellow (E102) in food, beverages and health products for technological and commercial purposes is common. The adverse effects caused by these dyes, such as allergies and hyperactivity disorder have been reported, especially in children. In the present study, a chromatographic method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of tartrazine and sunset yellow. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Lichrocart<sup>®</sup> C18 column (125 × 4.6 mm;5 μm) with a security Guard-C18 column (4 × 2.0 mm, 5 μm;Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA) maintained at 30°C. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of acetonitrile/ammonium acetate buffer pH 6.8 in gradient mode with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The injection volume was 10 μL. The detection wavelength was set at 455 nm. The parameters of specificity, linearity, precision, repeatability, accuracy and sensitivity were examined for validation. The developed method is linear in the range of 1 μg/mL to 100 μg/mL with a R<sup>2</sup>> 0.998. The intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSD) were less than 0.6% and 3.1% respectively. The detection limit was 0.03 μg/mL and the quantification limit was 0.1 μg/mL. The retention time of tartrazine was 2.86 min, while sunset yellow was detected at 5.67 min. A simple, rapid, accurate and robust HPLC/UV-Visible method was developed and validated for simultaneous identification and quantification of tartrazine and sunset yellow. This developed method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of tartrazine and sunset yellow in soft drinks sold in Benin.展开更多
An electrochemical method for fast detecting the concentration of sunset yellow FCF in wine samples was developed in this study. The sensor based on imprinted films which fabricated by electropolymerization of pyrrole...An electrochemical method for fast detecting the concentration of sunset yellow FCF in wine samples was developed in this study. The sensor based on imprinted films which fabricated by electropolymerization of pyrrole on a glassy carbon electrode in the presence of sunset yellow FCF as the template. Comparing to the polypyrrole non-imprinted modified (NIP) electrode, the polypyrrole molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrode improved the electrochemical performance of the sensor significantly. The peak current at about 0.26 V was linear with the concentration of sunset yellow FCF from 0.4 to 2 μM and from 2 to 8 μM. It can be used for more than 10 times to maintain a stable response result. The sensor had the good selectivity on sunset yellow FCF, amaranth and tartrazine, which the selection factors were 1.00, 0.80 and 0.85,respectively.展开更多
The Passarino-Veltman(PV)reduction method has proven to be very useful for the computation of general one-loop integrals.However,not much progress has been made when it is applied to higher loops.Recently,we have impr...The Passarino-Veltman(PV)reduction method has proven to be very useful for the computation of general one-loop integrals.However,not much progress has been made when it is applied to higher loops.Recently,we have improved the PV-reduction method by introducing an auxiliary vector.In this paper,we apply our new method to the simplest two-loop integrals,i.e.,the sunset topology.We show how to use differential operators to establish algebraic recursion relations for reduction coefficients.Our algorithm can be easily applied to the reduction of integrals with arbitrary high-rank tensor structures.We demonstrate the efficiency of our algorithm by computing the reduction with the total tensor rank up to four.展开更多
A method to extract and analyze Sudan I present in Sunset Yellow FCF (SYF) products was developed and validated. The method included the simple extraction of Sudan I from the SYF product using water, acetonitrile, and...A method to extract and analyze Sudan I present in Sunset Yellow FCF (SYF) products was developed and validated. The method included the simple extraction of Sudan I from the SYF product using water, acetonitrile, and ethyl acetate and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with isocratic elution using acetonitrile:water (7:3) with a photodiode array detector at 485 nm. This method was found to remove most of the excess SYF colorant and other impurities before injection to the HPLC instrument, making it easy to maintain precision control in routine laboratory tests for Sudan I in the SYF colorant. The detection limit of Sudan I in SYF products was 0.2 μg/g. A survey conducted to determine Sudan I in 13 commercial SYF samples from Japanese manufacturers from 1970 to 2010 showed that the levels of Sudan I ranged from 0.3 to 1.9 μg/g in products manufactured from 1970 to 1996 and were below the limit of detection in products manufactured after 2005.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to explore an optimized method to measure the artificial pigment by means of high performance liquid chroma- tograph. [Method] The gradient elution technique of HPLC was used to isolate and ana...[Objective] The aim was to explore an optimized method to measure the artificial pigment by means of high performance liquid chroma- tograph. [Method] The gradient elution technique of HPLC was used to isolate and analyze tartrazine and sunset yellow in the cereals. The pre- treatment temperature, ultrasonic time, the column temperature and the elution conditions were studied, and the best expedmental conditions were confirmed. [ Result] At 40 ℃, the optimum chromatography analysis condition was moving phase, with pH （6.8）, methanol/water of acetic acid- ammonium acetate （0.02 mol/L）, and column temperature （35 ℃）. Gradient elution condition was 20% -35% methanol, 3%/rain; 35% -98%, 6%/min; 98%, 8 min. The content of tartrazine and sunset yellow in cereal was tested precisely by the means of HPLC. The average recoveries of standard addition were 97.9% and 100.2%, and the detection limit were 0.02 mg/kg and 0.03 mg/kg. [ Conclusion] This method shortened the a- nalysis time, improved the detection sensitivity and the resolution of artificial color.展开更多
The removal effect of sunset yellow by the activated carbon prepared by modified straw was studied, and the effects of adsorption temperature, adsorption time, adsorption capacity, solution salinity and solution pH on...The removal effect of sunset yellow by the activated carbon prepared by modified straw was studied, and the effects of adsorption temperature, adsorption time, adsorption capacity, solution salinity and solution pH on the removal effect of sunset yellow were analyzed. After being soaked in acid and alkali, the stalks and leaves of the straw were carbonized and modified at 200-700 ℃. The results show that the adsorption effect of the leaves soaked in alkali was the best when the carbonization temperature was 700 ℃. As the adsorption temperature was 30-40 ℃, the adsorption effect of sunset yellow was the best. With the increase of adsorption time, the removal rate of sunset yellow first increased, then decreased, and finally rose again. The first critical point was about 30 min. When the dosage of activated carbon was 0.7 g, the adsorption effect of 50 ml of sunset yellow solution was the best. The optimal solution salinity was 60%. pH had a small effect on the adsorption of sunset yellow, showing a fluctuating trend.展开更多
On August 9, 1945, the Red Army of the Soviet Union declared a war on Japan and entered northeast China, saving Chinese farmer Yang Yufu from under the butcher’s knife of the Japanese troops.Unfortunately, the milita...On August 9, 1945, the Red Army of the Soviet Union declared a war on Japan and entered northeast China, saving Chinese farmer Yang Yufu from under the butcher’s knife of the Japanese troops.Unfortunately, the military vehicle escorting Yang was misdirected into a Japanese military base. Yang and Nadia, a Soviet woman of military surgeon, fled into a forest where they met a Japanese girl, named Aki Yoko. The two hoped the girl could lead them out of the forest, but展开更多
In Sunset Park,the contemporary American writer Paul Auster reveals the political,economic and social problems that have surfaced in America in the wake of the 9/11 incident.Focusing on the image of people on the edge...In Sunset Park,the contemporary American writer Paul Auster reveals the political,economic and social problems that have surfaced in America in the wake of the 9/11 incident.Focusing on the image of people on the edge of the city,the author describes how they rebuild their lives after illegally living in an abandoned apartment in Sunset Park,using the art and the community as a spiritual refuge to seek comfort and heal wounds,reconstruct self-identity,and fight against the unfair society.This article analyzes the characteristics of the community in the novel Sunset Park,to interpret its functions,and to show the healing power of a caring community.展开更多
基金financially supported by the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,China(2023CXGC010712)GINW acknowledges funding support from the MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology.
文摘In this work,a highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on Zn-doped copper gallium oxide@ordered mesoporous carbon(Zn-CuGaO_(2)@CMK-3)for signal amplification was successfully developed for the simultaneous detection of sunset yellow(SY)and tartrazine(TZ)in foods.Compared with CuGaO_(2)@CMK-3,Zn-CuGaO_(2)@CMK-3 offered enhanced conductivity and catalytic properties owing to the improved carrier density,which was beneficial to the electrooxidation of SY and TZ.Under the optimal testing conditions,the constructed Zn-CuGaO_(2)@CMK-3/GCE sensor offered a wide linear concentration range(0.25-100.00μmol/L)for the detection of both SY and TZ.The limits of detection for SY and TZ were 0.044 and 0.059μmol/L,respectively.Recovery experiments were performed in milk,white vinegar and biscuit samples,yielding satisfactory recoveries(82.70%-114.80%).Furthermore,the sensor was successfully applied to the determination of the SY and TZ residues in two kinds of carbonated drinks,and the results were nearly consistent with those detected by the high performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)method(P>0.05).
文摘Objective:To determine the protective effect of co-enzyme Q10(CoQ10)on testicular tissue and sperm parameters in male rats treated with SunsetYellow FCF.Methods:Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 6 groups of the control,CoQ10(10 mg/kg/day),low dose of Sunset Yellow(2.5 mg/kg),high dose of Sunset Yellow(70 mg/kg),low dose of Sunset Yellow(2.5 mg/kg)plus CoQ10,and high dose of Sunset Yellow(70 mg/kg)plus CoQ10.The drugs were administered via daily oral gavages for 6 weeks.At the end of the experiment,sperm analysis,stereological and histological assessments of the testis were carried out.Results:The normal morphology(by 41.1%)and progressive spermatozoa(by 74.8%),testicle volume(by 33.4%),lumen volume(by 38.3%),interstitial tissue volume(by 44.7%),seminiferous tubule volume(by 40.7%),and number of spermatogonia(by 53.9%)and Leydig cells(by 70.7%)reduced in the rats that received high doses of Sunset Yellow in comparison to the control group.Nonetheless,all these alterations were recovered by CoQ10 treatment in the CoQ10 plus high dose of Sunset Yellow group.Furthermore,low doses of Sunset Yellow did not affect different parameters of the testis and sperm.Conclusions:CoQ10 could,to some extent,prevent structural changes of the testis induced by the high dose of SunsetYellow.
文摘The use of dyes such as tartrazine (E102) and sunset yellow (E102) in food, beverages and health products for technological and commercial purposes is common. The adverse effects caused by these dyes, such as allergies and hyperactivity disorder have been reported, especially in children. In the present study, a chromatographic method was developed and validated for simultaneous determination of tartrazine and sunset yellow. The chromatographic separation was performed on a Lichrocart<sup>®</sup> C18 column (125 × 4.6 mm;5 μm) with a security Guard-C18 column (4 × 2.0 mm, 5 μm;Phenomenex, Torrance, CA, USA) maintained at 30°C. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of acetonitrile/ammonium acetate buffer pH 6.8 in gradient mode with a flow rate of 1 mL/min. The injection volume was 10 μL. The detection wavelength was set at 455 nm. The parameters of specificity, linearity, precision, repeatability, accuracy and sensitivity were examined for validation. The developed method is linear in the range of 1 μg/mL to 100 μg/mL with a R<sup>2</sup>> 0.998. The intra-day and inter-day precisions (RSD) were less than 0.6% and 3.1% respectively. The detection limit was 0.03 μg/mL and the quantification limit was 0.1 μg/mL. The retention time of tartrazine was 2.86 min, while sunset yellow was detected at 5.67 min. A simple, rapid, accurate and robust HPLC/UV-Visible method was developed and validated for simultaneous identification and quantification of tartrazine and sunset yellow. This developed method was successfully applied for the simultaneous determination of tartrazine and sunset yellow in soft drinks sold in Benin.
文摘An electrochemical method for fast detecting the concentration of sunset yellow FCF in wine samples was developed in this study. The sensor based on imprinted films which fabricated by electropolymerization of pyrrole on a glassy carbon electrode in the presence of sunset yellow FCF as the template. Comparing to the polypyrrole non-imprinted modified (NIP) electrode, the polypyrrole molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) electrode improved the electrochemical performance of the sensor significantly. The peak current at about 0.26 V was linear with the concentration of sunset yellow FCF from 0.4 to 2 μM and from 2 to 8 μM. It can be used for more than 10 times to maintain a stable response result. The sensor had the good selectivity on sunset yellow FCF, amaranth and tartrazine, which the selection factors were 1.00, 0.80 and 0.85,respectively.
基金supported by Chinese NSF funding under Grant Nos.11935013,11947301,and 12047502(Peng Huanwu Center)
文摘The Passarino-Veltman(PV)reduction method has proven to be very useful for the computation of general one-loop integrals.However,not much progress has been made when it is applied to higher loops.Recently,we have improved the PV-reduction method by introducing an auxiliary vector.In this paper,we apply our new method to the simplest two-loop integrals,i.e.,the sunset topology.We show how to use differential operators to establish algebraic recursion relations for reduction coefficients.Our algorithm can be easily applied to the reduction of integrals with arbitrary high-rank tensor structures.We demonstrate the efficiency of our algorithm by computing the reduction with the total tensor rank up to four.
文摘A method to extract and analyze Sudan I present in Sunset Yellow FCF (SYF) products was developed and validated. The method included the simple extraction of Sudan I from the SYF product using water, acetonitrile, and ethyl acetate and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with isocratic elution using acetonitrile:water (7:3) with a photodiode array detector at 485 nm. This method was found to remove most of the excess SYF colorant and other impurities before injection to the HPLC instrument, making it easy to maintain precision control in routine laboratory tests for Sudan I in the SYF colorant. The detection limit of Sudan I in SYF products was 0.2 μg/g. A survey conducted to determine Sudan I in 13 commercial SYF samples from Japanese manufacturers from 1970 to 2010 showed that the levels of Sudan I ranged from 0.3 to 1.9 μg/g in products manufactured from 1970 to 1996 and were below the limit of detection in products manufactured after 2005.
基金Supported by Heilongjiang Natural Science Fund(B200911)Young Teacher' Scientific Research Support Program in Qiqihaer University(2010k-M17)Qiqihaer City Industrial Research and Development Program(GYGG2010-06-1)
文摘[Objective] The aim was to explore an optimized method to measure the artificial pigment by means of high performance liquid chroma- tograph. [Method] The gradient elution technique of HPLC was used to isolate and analyze tartrazine and sunset yellow in the cereals. The pre- treatment temperature, ultrasonic time, the column temperature and the elution conditions were studied, and the best expedmental conditions were confirmed. [ Result] At 40 ℃, the optimum chromatography analysis condition was moving phase, with pH （6.8）, methanol/water of acetic acid- ammonium acetate （0.02 mol/L）, and column temperature （35 ℃）. Gradient elution condition was 20% -35% methanol, 3%/rain; 35% -98%, 6%/min; 98%, 8 min. The content of tartrazine and sunset yellow in cereal was tested precisely by the means of HPLC. The average recoveries of standard addition were 97.9% and 100.2%, and the detection limit were 0.02 mg/kg and 0.03 mg/kg. [ Conclusion] This method shortened the a- nalysis time, improved the detection sensitivity and the resolution of artificial color.
基金Supported by the Public Welfare Technology Research Project of Zhejiang Province (LGF20D060001)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (U1809214)。
文摘The removal effect of sunset yellow by the activated carbon prepared by modified straw was studied, and the effects of adsorption temperature, adsorption time, adsorption capacity, solution salinity and solution pH on the removal effect of sunset yellow were analyzed. After being soaked in acid and alkali, the stalks and leaves of the straw were carbonized and modified at 200-700 ℃. The results show that the adsorption effect of the leaves soaked in alkali was the best when the carbonization temperature was 700 ℃. As the adsorption temperature was 30-40 ℃, the adsorption effect of sunset yellow was the best. With the increase of adsorption time, the removal rate of sunset yellow first increased, then decreased, and finally rose again. The first critical point was about 30 min. When the dosage of activated carbon was 0.7 g, the adsorption effect of 50 ml of sunset yellow solution was the best. The optimal solution salinity was 60%. pH had a small effect on the adsorption of sunset yellow, showing a fluctuating trend.
文摘On August 9, 1945, the Red Army of the Soviet Union declared a war on Japan and entered northeast China, saving Chinese farmer Yang Yufu from under the butcher’s knife of the Japanese troops.Unfortunately, the military vehicle escorting Yang was misdirected into a Japanese military base. Yang and Nadia, a Soviet woman of military surgeon, fled into a forest where they met a Japanese girl, named Aki Yoko. The two hoped the girl could lead them out of the forest, but
文摘In Sunset Park,the contemporary American writer Paul Auster reveals the political,economic and social problems that have surfaced in America in the wake of the 9/11 incident.Focusing on the image of people on the edge of the city,the author describes how they rebuild their lives after illegally living in an abandoned apartment in Sunset Park,using the art and the community as a spiritual refuge to seek comfort and heal wounds,reconstruct self-identity,and fight against the unfair society.This article analyzes the characteristics of the community in the novel Sunset Park,to interpret its functions,and to show the healing power of a caring community.
