Photocatalytic technology has been proven to be a simple and effective method for degrading recalcitrant organic pollutants.In this study,a series of Z-scheme heterojunction nanocomposites composed of CeO_(2)and terep...Photocatalytic technology has been proven to be a simple and effective method for degrading recalcitrant organic pollutants.In this study,a series of Z-scheme heterojunction nanocomposites composed of CeO_(2)and terephthalic acid-modified WO_(3) was prepared and further used as photocatalysts for perfluorobutane sulfonate(PFBS)degradation.In this design,terephthalic acid was used as an electron recombination center and heterojunction mediator,which effectively enhances the migration ability of electron-hole pairs and the physicochemical stability of the catalyst.In addition,in situ synthesis of CeO_(2)onto the WO_(3) surface by the coordinate bond between terephthalic acid and Ce ions can avoid CeO_(2)agglomeration.As a result,the CeO_(2)@WO_(3) photocatalyst exhibits excellent PFBS degradation ability(94%for CeO_(2)@WO_(3) vs.19%for CeO_(2)).After the fifth cyclic degradation experiment,the CeO_(2)@WO_(3) photocatalyst still maintains stable degradation efficiency.Furthermore,the reaction mechanism of the PFBS in CeO_(2)@WO_(3) photocatalytic process was analyzed by free radical trapping experiment and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS)technique.This study provides new insights for constructing Z-scheme heterojunction and demonstrates that CeO_(2)@WO_(3) photocatalysts possess a promising prospect for degrading PFBS pollutants.展开更多
High-temperature and high-salt reservoirs are often accompanied by serious gas channeling in gas flooding,which will greatly affect the effect of gas injection development,so in-situ foaming of temperature-resistant a...High-temperature and high-salt reservoirs are often accompanied by serious gas channeling in gas flooding,which will greatly affect the effect of gas injection development,so in-situ foaming of temperature-resistant and salt-resistant foaming agents is commonly used to control gas channeling.The feasibility of the compound system of dodecyl hydroxyl sulfobetaine(HSB12)andα-olefin sulfonate(AOS)as foaming agent for sandstone reservoir was studied at 130℃and 22×10^(4)mg/L.The results showed that the foaming agent(HSB12 and AOS were compounded in a 6:1 mass ratio,in this article,this foaming agent is simply referred to as SA61)had good solubility in 22×10^(4)mg/L simulated formation water.Besides,the foaming volume of SA61 and HSB12 was similar,but the foam decay half-life of SA61was 10-25 times higher than that of HSB12.The foaming performance of SA61 on the surface of quartz sand remained above 90%of that before adsorption.The strong interaction between HSB12 and AOS in the compound system SA61 was demonstrated by surface rheological measurements and NMR studies of surfactants.The results of co re flow test showed that SA61 had better mobility control ability than HSB12under the same surfactant concentration.In addition,SA61 showed a selective mobility reduction in2005.30 and 632.00 mD cores.The above research results can guide the selection and application of foaming agent in clastic reservoir.展开更多
Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes are considered as promising material for solidstate sodium metallic batteries(SSMBs).However,their poor interfacial stability with high-voltage cathode limits t...Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes are considered as promising material for solidstate sodium metallic batteries(SSMBs).However,their poor interfacial stability with high-voltage cathode limits their application in high-energy–density solid-state batteries.Herein,a uniform,sulfur-containing inorganic–organic composite cathode–electrolyte interphase layer was in situ formed by the addition of sodium polyvinyl sulfonate(NaPVS).The 5 wt%NaPVS-Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)|PEOsodium hexauorophosphate(NaPF6)|Na battery shows a higher initial capacity of 111.2 mAh.g^(-1)and an ultra-high capacity retention of 90.5%after 300 cycles.The 5 wt%NaPVS-Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(3)(NVPF)|PEO-NaPF_(6)|Na battery with the high cutoff voltage of 4.2 V showed a specific discharge capacity of 88.9 mAh.g^(-1)at 0.5C for 100 cycles with a capacity retention of 79%,which is much better than that of the pristine-NVPF(PR-NVPF)|PEO-NaPF_(6)|Na battery(33.2%).The addition of NaPVS not only enhances the diffusion kinetics at the interface but also improves the rate performance and stability of the battery,thus bolstering its viability for high-energy applications.In situ phase tracking further elucidates that NaPVS effectively mitigates self-discharge induced by the oxidative decomposition of PEO at high temperature.This work proposes a general strategy to maintain the structural stability of the cathode–electrolyte interface in PEO-based high-performance SSMBs.展开更多
Andrographolide sulfonate(AS)is a sulfonated derivative of andrographolide extracted from Andrographis paniculata(Burm.f.)Nees,and has been approved for several decades in China.The present study aimed to investigate ...Andrographolide sulfonate(AS)is a sulfonated derivative of andrographolide extracted from Andrographis paniculata(Burm.f.)Nees,and has been approved for several decades in China.The present study aimed to investigate the novel therapeutic application and possible mechanisms of AS in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Results indicated that administration of AS by injection or gavage significantly reduced the paw swelling,improved body weights,and attenuated pathological changes in joints of rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis.Additionally,the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and IL-1β in the serum and ankle joints were reduced.Bioinformatics analysis,along with the spleen index and measurements of IL-17 and IL-10 levels,suggested a potential relationship between AS and Th17 cells under arthritic conditions.In vitro,AS was shown to block Th17 cell differentiation,as evidenced by the reduced percentages of CD4^(+)IL-17A^(+)T cells and decreased expression levels of RORγt,IL-17A,IL-17F,IL-21,and IL-22,without affecting the cell viability and apoptosis.This effect was attributed to the limited glycolysis,as indicated by metabolomics analysis,reduced glucose uptake,and p H measurements.Further investigation revealed that AS might bind to hexokinase2(HK2)to down-regulate the protein levels of HK2 but not glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)or pyruvate kinase M2(PKM2),and overexpression of HK2 reversed the inhibition of AS on Th17 cell differentiation.Furthermore,AS impaired the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signals in vivo and in vitro,which was abolished by the addition of lactate.In conclusion,AS significantly improved adjuvant-induced arthritis(AIA)in rats by inhibiting glycolysis-mediated activation of PI3K/AKT to restrain Th17 cell differentiation.展开更多
Acidic-and alkalic-hydrolyses are selective in breaking functional bonds and falling off pharmacological moieties of antibiotics in production wastewater in comparison with advanced oxidation processes.Elevating tempe...Acidic-and alkalic-hydrolyses are selective in breaking functional bonds and falling off pharmacological moieties of antibiotics in production wastewater in comparison with advanced oxidation processes.Elevating temperature can accelerate hydrolytic kinetics and improve efficiency.In this work,magnetic sulfonated polypropylene resin(Fe_(3)O_(4)@PS-S)composites were reported for acidic-thermal hydrolysis of tylosin by employing the acidic feature of sulfonic group,the dielectric effect of resin,and the magnetic-loss effect of magnetite under microwave irradiation.As observed,a rapid and complete mitigation 100 mg/L of tylosin was achieved within 15 min by the catalysts.Acidic cleavage of tylosin was fulfilled by sulfonic groups in the composites,and microwave thermal accelerated the hydrolysis reactions due to the dielectric and magnetic-loss effects.Differentiating the dielectric and magnetic-loss effects through electromagnetic analyses indicated that the latter contributed more in converting microwave energy to heat.The interactions under multiple operational conditions were quantitatively fitted using the Behnajady model and visually demonstrated,which indicated that a synergic effect of microwave thermal-and acidichydrolyses contributed to the efficient mitigation of tylosin.The transformation products were identified and the pathways were supposed.Cleaving deoxyaminosugars groups and destructing lactone structures led to reduced antibacterial potential and toxicity reduction.The acute toxicity of tylosin and transformation products to fish,daphnia,and green algae were all classified as non-toxic.This work suggested that this synergistic acid-thermal hydrolytic method is attractive and promising in pretreating tylosin production wastewater in field.展开更多
The title compounds, C12HIoN307SCI （I） and C15H27NO3S （II）, crystallize in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 7.3995（1）, b = 27.8489（6）, c = 9.8246（2）/, fl = 131.349（1）, V = 1519.82（5） A3,...The title compounds, C12HIoN307SCI （I） and C15H27NO3S （II）, crystallize in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 7.3995（1）, b = 27.8489（6）, c = 9.8246（2）/, fl = 131.349（1）, V = 1519.82（5） A3, Z = 4, F（000） = 768, Rint = 0.033 and S = 1.03 for I, and in the orthorhombic system, space group Pbca with a = 8.6227（1）, b = 16.1480（4）, c = 23.8774（6）/, V= 3324.67（12） A3, Z = 8, F（000） = 1312, Rint = 0.024 and S = 1.04 for II. We have devised a convenient procedure for the synthesis of fused organic salts resulting from 1：1 proton-transfer, using an amine and a derivative ofbenzenesulfonic acid. The synthesized salts have a number of applications ranging from their consumption as eco-friendly solvents and catalysts in organic syntheses, to being used as efficient precursors for the production of sulfa drugs. Structures of compounds 3-chloroanilinium 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate （CA-DNBS） and triethylaminium 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate （TEA-TMBS） were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies and infrared spectroscopy.展开更多
The floatability of andalusite and quartz was studied using sodium petroleum sulfonate as collector, being successfully applied in the real ore separation. The collecting performance on minerals was interpreted by mea...The floatability of andalusite and quartz was studied using sodium petroleum sulfonate as collector, being successfully applied in the real ore separation. The collecting performance on minerals was interpreted by means of zeta potential measurement and infrared spectroscopic analysis. The single mineral experiments showed that andalusite got good floatability in acidic pH region while quartz exhibited very poor floatability in the whole pH range. At pH 3, the presence of Fe3+ obviously activated quartz, causing the identical flotation behavior of the two minerals, and calcium lignosulphonate exhibited good selective inhibition to quartz. The real ore test results showed that andalusite concentrate with 53.46% Al2O3 and quartz concentrate with 92.74% SiO2 were obtained. The zeta potential and infrared spectroscopic analysis results indicated that chemical adsorption occurred between sodium petroleum sulfonate and andalusite.展开更多
The sulfonated poly(α-methyl styrene-b-isobutylene-b-α-methyl styrene)copolymers(S-ASIBS)with the average molar percentage of sulfonic acid(-SO_(3)H)groups(SP)ranging from 3.6 mol%to 14.3 mol%could be synthesized by...The sulfonated poly(α-methyl styrene-b-isobutylene-b-α-methyl styrene)copolymers(S-ASIBS)with the average molar percentage of sulfonic acid(-SO_(3)H)groups(SP)ranging from 3.6 mol%to 14.3 mol%could be synthesized by sulfonation of ASIBS with acetyl sulfate.The hydrophilic ionic channels were generated for proton exchange membranes(PEMs)by ion aggregation of-SO_(3)H groups and microphase separation between hydrophobic polyisobutylene and hydrophilic sulfonated poly(α-methyl styrene)segments in S-ASIBS.The proton transport ability was improved while oxidative stability was decreased by increasing SP in S-ASIBS.The appropriate SP of about 12.7 mol%in S-ASIBS provides the available PEMs with high proton transport ability,low methanol permeability and good oxidative stability.The absence of active tertiary hydrogen atoms along S-ASIBS copolymer chains avoids their attack by peroxy radicals.The residual rates of weight(RW)and proton conductivity(Rσ)of S-ASIBS-12.7 membrane after oxidation treatment for 916 h were 84.3%and 88.1%respectively,near to those of commercial Nafion 117(RW=87.9%,Rσ=90.3%).The membrane electrode assembly(MEA)could be prepared by using various S-ASIBS as PEMs for direct methanol fuel cell.The single cell with S-ASIBS-12.7 MEA behaves high performance of open circuit voltage(OCV)of 548 mV and peak power density(Pmax)of 36.1 mW·cm^(-2),which is similar to those of Nafion 117(OCV=506 mV,P_(max)=35.6 mW·cm^(-2)).To the best of our knowledge,this is the first example of advanced S-ASIBS membrane with high proton conductivity,excellent fuel barrier property and remarkable oxidative stability for promising PEMs.展开更多
Two highly sensitive methods for the determination of genotoxic alkyl methane sulfonates (AMSs) and alkyl paratoluene sulfonates (APTSs) in lamivudine using hyphenated techniques have been presented. AMSs were determi...Two highly sensitive methods for the determination of genotoxic alkyl methane sulfonates (AMSs) and alkyl paratoluene sulfonates (APTSs) in lamivudine using hyphenated techniques have been presented. AMSs were determined by GC-MS method using GSBPINOWAX (30 m 0.25 mm 0.25 mm) column. Temperature program was set by maintaining at 100 1C initially for 3 min, then rised to 220 1C at the rate of 15 1C/min and maintained at 220 1C for 16 min. N,N-dimethyl formamide was used as diluent. APTSs were determined by LC-MS using Zorbax, Rx C8, 250 mm 4.6 mm, 5 mm column as stationary phase. 0.01 M ammonium acetate is used as buffer. The mixture of buffer and methanol in 75:25 (v/v) ratio was used as mobile phase A and mixture of buffer and methanol in 5:95 (v/v) ratio was used as mobile phase B. The gradient program (T/%B) was set as 0/28, 16/50, 17/100, 23/100, 27/28 and 40/28. Both the methods were validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Limit of quantitation was found 1.5 mg/mL for AMSs and was in the range of 1.0-1.5 mg/mL for APTSs.展开更多
A sulfonated poly（ether ether ketone） （SPEEK） membrane with fairly high degree of sulfonation （DS） swells excessively and even dissolves at high temperature. To solve these problems, sulfonated phenolphthalein p...A sulfonated poly（ether ether ketone） （SPEEK） membrane with fairly high degree of sulfonation （DS） swells excessively and even dissolves at high temperature. To solve these problems, sulfonated phenolphthalein poly（ether sulfone） （SPES-C, DS= 53.7%） is blended with the SPEEK matrix （DS= 55.1%, 61.7%） to prepare SPEEKJSPES-C blend membrane. The decrease in swelling degree and methanol permeability of the membrane is dose-dependent. Pure SPEEK （DS = 61.7%） membrane dissolves completely in water at 70℃, whereas the swelling degree of the SPEEK （DS = 61.7%）/SPES-C （40%, by mass） membrane is 29.7% at 80℃. From room temperature to 80℃, the methanol permeability of all SPEEK （DS = 55.1%）/SPES-C blend membranes is about one order of magnitude lower than that of Nafion 115. At higher temperature, the addition of SPES-C polymer increases the dimensional stability and greater proton conductivity can be achieved. The SPEEK （DS = 55.1%）/SPES-C （40%, by mass） membrane can withstand temperatures up to 150℃. The proton conductivity of SPEEK （DS = 55.1%）/SPES-C （30%, by mass） membrane approaches 0.16 S·cm^-1, matching that of Nafion 115 at 140℃ and 100% RH, while pure SPEEK （DS = 55.1%） membrane dissolves at 90℃. The SPEEK/SPES-C blend membranes are promising for use in direct methanol fuel cells because of their good dimensional stability, high proton conductivity, and low methanol permeability.展开更多
The photochemical reaction process of anthraquinone-2-sodium sulfonate （AQS） in the mixture of water （H2O） and N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate （[BPy] [BF4]） was studied using the laser flash photolysis techn...The photochemical reaction process of anthraquinone-2-sodium sulfonate （AQS） in the mixture of water （H2O） and N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate （[BPy] [BF4]） was studied using the laser flash photolysis technique. Experimental results show that the excited triplet of AQS （3AQS＊） could react rapidly with H2O and the transient absorption spectra greatly changed by increasing the volume fraction of the ionic liquid （VIL） in [BPy][BF4]/H2O mixtures. The absorbance at 510 nm increased gradually with increasing VIL when 0〈VIL〈0.1. By contrast, the absorbance decreased gradually when VIL〉0.1. Otherwise, the absorbance of the band near 380 nm steadily increased. The apparent kinetic parameters of transient species B and ^3AQS＊ are obtained approximately. 3AQS＊ abstracting hydrogen from [BPy]＋ was also explored. It was deduced that the 350-420 nm band was the superposition of the peaks of 3AQS＊ and AQSH＇. The two reactions of 3AQS＊ with [BPy][BF4] and H2O are a pair of competitive reactions. We also concluded that the entire reaction processes slow down in the case of high [BPy] [BF4] concentrations.展开更多
A series of sulfonated polyimides （SPIs） containing pyridine groups were prepared by direct polycondensation from 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride （NTDA）, 4,4＇-diaminodiphenyl ether-2,2＇-disulfonic...A series of sulfonated polyimides （SPIs） containing pyridine groups were prepared by direct polycondensation from 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride （NTDA）, 4,4＇-diaminodiphenyl ether-2,2＇-disulfonic acid （ODADS） and 4-（4-methoxy）phenyl-2,6-bis（4-aminophenyl）pyridine （DAM）. The resulting copolymers displayed good solubility in common organic solvents. Flexible, transparent, tough membranes were obtained via solution casting. All the films showed high thermal stability with desulfonation temperature over 300℃. They exhibited prominent mechanical properties with Young＇s modulus around 2.0 GPa. High proton conductivity （0.23 S/cm at 100% RH） was also observed. More importantly, the new materials exhibited low water uptake （30 wt%-75 wt% at 80℃） and improved water stability, which were attributed to the acid-base interaction between sulfonic acid and pyridine functional groups.展开更多
A ternary hybrid membrane architecture consisting of sulfonated fluorinated multi-block copolymer （SFMC）, sulfonated （poly ether ether ketone） （SPEEK） and I or 5 wt% graphene oxide （GO） was fabricated through ...A ternary hybrid membrane architecture consisting of sulfonated fluorinated multi-block copolymer （SFMC）, sulfonated （poly ether ether ketone） （SPEEK） and I or 5 wt% graphene oxide （GO） was fabricated through a facile solution casting approach. The simple, but effective monomer sulfonation was performed for SFMC to create compact and rigid hydrophobic backbone structures, while conventional random sulfonation was carried-out for SPEEK. Hydrophilic-hydrophobic-hydrophilic structure of SFMC enhances the compatibility with SPEEK and GO and allows for an unprecedented approach to alter me- chanical strength and proton conductivity of ternary hybrid membrane, as verified from universal test machine （UTM） curves and alternating current （AC） impedance plots. The impact of GO integration on the morphology and roughness of hybrid membrane was scrutinized using field emission scanning electron microscope （FE-SEM） and atomic force microscope （AFM）. Ternary hybrid showed uniform intercalation of GO nanosheets throughout the entire surface of membrane with an increased surface roughness of 8.91 nm. The constructed ternary hybrid membrane revealed excellent water absorption, ion exchange capacity and gas barrier properties, while retaining reasonable dimensional stability. The well-optimized ternary hybrid membrane containing 5 wt% GO revealed a maximum proton conductivity of 111.9 mS/cm, which is higher by a factor of two-fold with respect to that of bare SFMC membrane. The maximum PEMFC power density of 528.07mW/cm2 was yielded by ternary hybrid membrane at a load current density of 1321.1 mA/cm2 when operating the cell at 70 ℃ under 100% relative humidity （RH）. In comparison, a maximum power density of only 182.06 mW/cm2 was exhibited by the bare SFMC membrane at a load current density of 455.56 mA/cm2 under same operating conditions.展开更多
Sulfonate groups were introduced to the surfaces of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by the radiation-induced graft polymerization of sodium 4-styrene sulfonate for the use as biosensor supports. Alcohol dehydrogenase was...Sulfonate groups were introduced to the surfaces of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by the radiation-induced graft polymerization of sodium 4-styrene sulfonate for the use as biosensor supports. Alcohol dehydrogenase was immobilized onto a sulfonated nanotube-supporting electrode with tris（2,2＇-bipyridyl） ruthenium（II） complex to form an electrogenerated chemilluminesce sensor of alcohol. When it was used to detect alcohol in cyclic voltammetric measurements, the sensor showed the linearity over the range of 1.0 × 10^-4 M-5.0 ×10^-2 M, with a correlation coefficient of 0.992 and a detection limit of 1.9 ×10^-6 M. In electrogenerated chemilluminesce detection, it showed linearity over 5.0 × 10^-4 M-1.0 × 10^-2 M, with a correlation coefficient of 0.986 and a detection limit of 1.0 × 10^-6 M. The sensor was demonstrated to be able to detect ethanol in commercial drinks.展开更多
Aim： To quantitatively study the histological changes of the testis and epididymis as a result of a drastic reduction of testosterone secretion. Methods： Fourteen adult Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperiton...Aim： To quantitatively study the histological changes of the testis and epididymis as a result of a drastic reduction of testosterone secretion. Methods： Fourteen adult Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with ethane dimethane sulfonate （EDS, 75 mg/kg） and the same number of animals were injected with normal saline as a control. At days 7 and 12 （after treatment）, respectively, half of the animals from each group were killed. The testes and epididymides were removed and tissue blocks embedded in methacrylate resin. The cell number per testis was estimated using the stereological optical disector and some other parameters were obtained using other morphometric methods. Results： The EDS treatment resulted in an almost complete elimination of Leydig cells but had no effect on the numbers of Sertoli cells per testis. At day 7 after EDS treatment, many elongated spermatids were retained in the seminiferous epithelium and many round spermatids could be seen in the epididymal ducts. At day 12, a looser arrangement of spermatids and spermatocytes became evident, with apparent narrow empty spaces being formed between germ cells in an approximately radial direction towards the tubule lumen; the numbers （per testis） of non-type B spermatogonia and spermatocytes were similar to controls, whereas that of type B spermatogonia increased by 59%, and that of early round, elongating and late elongated spermatids decreased by 37%, 72% and 52%, respectively. Conclusion： The primary spermatogenic lesions following EDS administration were （i） spermiation failure and （ii） detachment of spermatids and spermatocytes associated with impairment in spermiogenesis and meiosis.展开更多
More and more linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) has contaminated the water and soil ma pollution discharge, making it important to identify the ecological behavior and toxicity of LAS so as to carry out measures tha...More and more linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) has contaminated the water and soil ma pollution discharge, making it important to identify the ecological behavior and toxicity of LAS so as to carry out measures that will reduce its negative effects on the ecosystem. The ecological behavior of LAS. including degradation, migration, and plant uptake, in both soil-paddy rice and soil-soybean systems was studied. Reduction of LAS in pot and field plots followed the first order reaction kinetics with degradation half-lives of 35-50 days with LAS decreasing to very low concentrations after a season of crop growth. Strong migration ability for LAS was found and the breakthrough time in a 1.5 in soil monolith was significantly shortened to 23 days by preferential flow. Leachate volumes of soil-paddy and soil-soybean systems at preferential breakthrough were much different, while the leachate volumes at equilibrium governed by soil adsorption/desorption processes were very similar. Significant uptake of LAS in both paddy rice and sovbeans was observed in pot and field experiments (P < 0.05). In aquatic culture, 20 μg mL-1 and above of LAS significantly inhibited the growth of paddy seedlings (P < 0.05). The critical concentration for LAS in soil inhibiting the growth and yield of paddy was 160 μg g-1; when higher, there was a strong negative influence, with decreases in height, spike length, and production, when lower than 80 μg g-1, paddy growth was stimulated. There was little effect of LAS on soybeans.展开更多
Sorption and desorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate （PFOS） on humic acid at different temperatures were studied. It was found that the sorption process could be modeled with power kinetic equation very well, sugges...Sorption and desorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate （PFOS） on humic acid at different temperatures were studied. It was found that the sorption process could be modeled with power kinetic equation very well, suggesting that diflusion predominated the sorption of PFOS on the humic acid. The sorption capacity was doubled when the temperature increased from 5 to 35°C, and thermodynamics parameters △G0 was calculated to be –7.11 to –5.04 kJ/mol, △H0 was 14.2 kJ/mol, and △S 0 was 69.5 J/（mol·K）, indicating that the sorption was a spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy driven process. Desorption hysteresis occurred at all studied temperatures which suggested that humic acid may be an important sink of PFOS in the environment.展开更多
With the application of HIGEE process intensification technology, petroleum sulfonate surfactant used for enhanced oil recovery was synthesized from petroleum fraction of Shengli crude oil with three sulfonating agent...With the application of HIGEE process intensification technology, petroleum sulfonate surfactant used for enhanced oil recovery was synthesized from petroleum fraction of Shengli crude oil with three sulfonating agents, including diluted liquid sulfur trioxide, diluted gaseous sulfur trioxide and fuming sulfuric acid. For each sulfonating agent, different operation modes (liquid-liquid or gas-liquid reaction with semi-continuous or continuous operation) were applied. The effects of various experimental conditions, such as solvent/oil mass ratio, sulfonating agent/oil mass ratio, gas/liquid ratio, gas concentration, reaction temperature, rotating speed, circulation ratio, reaction time and aging time, on the content of active matter and unsulfonated oil were investigated. Under relatively optimal reaction conditions, the target product was prepared with high mass content of active matter (up to 45.3%) and extremely low oil/water interfacial tension (4.5×10 –3 mN·m –1 ). The product quality and process efficiency are higher compared with traditional sulfonation technology.展开更多
Cardiac dysfunction, a common consequence of sepsis, is the major contribution to morbidity and mortality in patients. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate(STS) is a water-soluble derivative of Tanshinone IIA(TA), a main a...Cardiac dysfunction, a common consequence of sepsis, is the major contribution to morbidity and mortality in patients. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate(STS) is a water-soluble derivative of Tanshinone IIA(TA), a main active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, which has been widely used in China for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebral system diseases. In the present study, the effect of STS on sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction was investigated and its effect on survival rate of rats with sepsis was also evaluated. STS treatment could significantly decrease the serum levels of C-reactive protein(CRP), procalcitonin(PCT), cardiac troponin Ⅰ(cTn-Ⅰ), cardiac troponin T(cTn-T), and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) in cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)-induced) septic rats and improve left ventricular function, particularly at 48 and 72 h after CLP. As the pathogenesis of septic myocardial dysfunction is attributable to dysregulated systemic inflammatory responses, several key cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-10(IL-10) and high mobility group protein B1(HMGB1), were detected to reveal the possible mechanism of attenuation of septic myocardial dysfunction after being treated by STS. Our study showed that STS, especially at a high dose(15 mg×kg–1), could efficiently suppress inflammatory responses in myocardium and reduce myocardial necrosis through markedly reducing production of myocardial TNF-α, IL-6 and HMGB1. STS significantly improved the 18-day survival rate of rats with sepsis from 0% to 30%(P < 0.05). Therefore, STS could suppress inflammatory responses and improve left ventricular function in rats with sepsis, suggesting that it may be developed for the treatment of sepsis.展开更多
Polyethersulfone(PES) is widely used as biomaterials due to its thermal stability,mechanical strength,and chemical inertness.Nevertheless,their blood compatibility is still not adequate for hemodialysis and blood puri...Polyethersulfone(PES) is widely used as biomaterials due to its thermal stability,mechanical strength,and chemical inertness.Nevertheless,their blood compatibility is still not adequate for hemodialysis and blood purification.In this study,the sulfonated polyethersulfone(SPES) was synthesized through an electrophilic substitution reaction,and PES/SPES blending membranes were prepared.The characterization of the SPES was studied by FTIR.The water adsorption and water contact angle experiments show that the hydrophilicity of PES/SPES blend membrane was improved as for the sulfonate group existing in the SPES.Moreover,PES/SPES blend membrane could effectively reduce bovine serum albumin adsorption and prolong the blood coagulation time compared with the PES membrane,thereby improving blood compatibility.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52300206)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20230705)+2 种基金Industry-University Research Cooperation Project of Jiangsu Province,China(BY20221227)Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(22KJB610014)the Talent-Recruiting Program of Nanjing Institute of Technology(YKJ202124)。
文摘Photocatalytic technology has been proven to be a simple and effective method for degrading recalcitrant organic pollutants.In this study,a series of Z-scheme heterojunction nanocomposites composed of CeO_(2)and terephthalic acid-modified WO_(3) was prepared and further used as photocatalysts for perfluorobutane sulfonate(PFBS)degradation.In this design,terephthalic acid was used as an electron recombination center and heterojunction mediator,which effectively enhances the migration ability of electron-hole pairs and the physicochemical stability of the catalyst.In addition,in situ synthesis of CeO_(2)onto the WO_(3) surface by the coordinate bond between terephthalic acid and Ce ions can avoid CeO_(2)agglomeration.As a result,the CeO_(2)@WO_(3) photocatalyst exhibits excellent PFBS degradation ability(94%for CeO_(2)@WO_(3) vs.19%for CeO_(2)).After the fifth cyclic degradation experiment,the CeO_(2)@WO_(3) photocatalyst still maintains stable degradation efficiency.Furthermore,the reaction mechanism of the PFBS in CeO_(2)@WO_(3) photocatalytic process was analyzed by free radical trapping experiment and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS)technique.This study provides new insights for constructing Z-scheme heterojunction and demonstrates that CeO_(2)@WO_(3) photocatalysts possess a promising prospect for degrading PFBS pollutants.
基金financial support from the Major Scientific and Technological Projects of CNPC(Award No.ZD2019-183-007)。
文摘High-temperature and high-salt reservoirs are often accompanied by serious gas channeling in gas flooding,which will greatly affect the effect of gas injection development,so in-situ foaming of temperature-resistant and salt-resistant foaming agents is commonly used to control gas channeling.The feasibility of the compound system of dodecyl hydroxyl sulfobetaine(HSB12)andα-olefin sulfonate(AOS)as foaming agent for sandstone reservoir was studied at 130℃and 22×10^(4)mg/L.The results showed that the foaming agent(HSB12 and AOS were compounded in a 6:1 mass ratio,in this article,this foaming agent is simply referred to as SA61)had good solubility in 22×10^(4)mg/L simulated formation water.Besides,the foaming volume of SA61 and HSB12 was similar,but the foam decay half-life of SA61was 10-25 times higher than that of HSB12.The foaming performance of SA61 on the surface of quartz sand remained above 90%of that before adsorption.The strong interaction between HSB12 and AOS in the compound system SA61 was demonstrated by surface rheological measurements and NMR studies of surfactants.The results of co re flow test showed that SA61 had better mobility control ability than HSB12under the same surfactant concentration.In addition,SA61 showed a selective mobility reduction in2005.30 and 632.00 mD cores.The above research results can guide the selection and application of foaming agent in clastic reservoir.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22109079)the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21973008)+2 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22179010)the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFB2400200)Taishan Scholars of Shandong Province(No.tsqnz20231212)。
文摘Polyethylene oxide(PEO)-based solid polymer electrolytes are considered as promising material for solidstate sodium metallic batteries(SSMBs).However,their poor interfacial stability with high-voltage cathode limits their application in high-energy–density solid-state batteries.Herein,a uniform,sulfur-containing inorganic–organic composite cathode–electrolyte interphase layer was in situ formed by the addition of sodium polyvinyl sulfonate(NaPVS).The 5 wt%NaPVS-Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(3)(NVP)|PEOsodium hexauorophosphate(NaPF6)|Na battery shows a higher initial capacity of 111.2 mAh.g^(-1)and an ultra-high capacity retention of 90.5%after 300 cycles.The 5 wt%NaPVS-Na_(3)V_(2)(PO_(4))_(2)F_(3)(NVPF)|PEO-NaPF_(6)|Na battery with the high cutoff voltage of 4.2 V showed a specific discharge capacity of 88.9 mAh.g^(-1)at 0.5C for 100 cycles with a capacity retention of 79%,which is much better than that of the pristine-NVPF(PR-NVPF)|PEO-NaPF_(6)|Na battery(33.2%).The addition of NaPVS not only enhances the diffusion kinetics at the interface but also improves the rate performance and stability of the battery,thus bolstering its viability for high-energy applications.In situ phase tracking further elucidates that NaPVS effectively mitigates self-discharge induced by the oxidative decomposition of PEO at high temperature.This work proposes a general strategy to maintain the structural stability of the cathode–electrolyte interface in PEO-based high-performance SSMBs.
基金supported by the project of Central Funds Guiding the Local Science and Technology Development(No.20212ZDD02010)。
文摘Andrographolide sulfonate(AS)is a sulfonated derivative of andrographolide extracted from Andrographis paniculata(Burm.f.)Nees,and has been approved for several decades in China.The present study aimed to investigate the novel therapeutic application and possible mechanisms of AS in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.Results indicated that administration of AS by injection or gavage significantly reduced the paw swelling,improved body weights,and attenuated pathological changes in joints of rats with adjuvant-induced arthritis.Additionally,the levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-α),interleukin-6(IL-6),and IL-1β in the serum and ankle joints were reduced.Bioinformatics analysis,along with the spleen index and measurements of IL-17 and IL-10 levels,suggested a potential relationship between AS and Th17 cells under arthritic conditions.In vitro,AS was shown to block Th17 cell differentiation,as evidenced by the reduced percentages of CD4^(+)IL-17A^(+)T cells and decreased expression levels of RORγt,IL-17A,IL-17F,IL-21,and IL-22,without affecting the cell viability and apoptosis.This effect was attributed to the limited glycolysis,as indicated by metabolomics analysis,reduced glucose uptake,and p H measurements.Further investigation revealed that AS might bind to hexokinase2(HK2)to down-regulate the protein levels of HK2 but not glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase(GAPDH)or pyruvate kinase M2(PKM2),and overexpression of HK2 reversed the inhibition of AS on Th17 cell differentiation.Furthermore,AS impaired the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)signals in vivo and in vitro,which was abolished by the addition of lactate.In conclusion,AS significantly improved adjuvant-induced arthritis(AIA)in rats by inhibiting glycolysis-mediated activation of PI3K/AKT to restrain Th17 cell differentiation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51978052 and 22306012)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2023YFC3711300)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(No.2022A1515110578).
文摘Acidic-and alkalic-hydrolyses are selective in breaking functional bonds and falling off pharmacological moieties of antibiotics in production wastewater in comparison with advanced oxidation processes.Elevating temperature can accelerate hydrolytic kinetics and improve efficiency.In this work,magnetic sulfonated polypropylene resin(Fe_(3)O_(4)@PS-S)composites were reported for acidic-thermal hydrolysis of tylosin by employing the acidic feature of sulfonic group,the dielectric effect of resin,and the magnetic-loss effect of magnetite under microwave irradiation.As observed,a rapid and complete mitigation 100 mg/L of tylosin was achieved within 15 min by the catalysts.Acidic cleavage of tylosin was fulfilled by sulfonic groups in the composites,and microwave thermal accelerated the hydrolysis reactions due to the dielectric and magnetic-loss effects.Differentiating the dielectric and magnetic-loss effects through electromagnetic analyses indicated that the latter contributed more in converting microwave energy to heat.The interactions under multiple operational conditions were quantitatively fitted using the Behnajady model and visually demonstrated,which indicated that a synergic effect of microwave thermal-and acidichydrolyses contributed to the efficient mitigation of tylosin.The transformation products were identified and the pathways were supposed.Cleaving deoxyaminosugars groups and destructing lactone structures led to reduced antibacterial potential and toxicity reduction.The acute toxicity of tylosin and transformation products to fish,daphnia,and green algae were all classified as non-toxic.This work suggested that this synergistic acid-thermal hydrolytic method is attractive and promising in pretreating tylosin production wastewater in field.
文摘The title compounds, C12HIoN307SCI （I） and C15H27NO3S （II）, crystallize in the monoclinic system, space group P21/c with a = 7.3995（1）, b = 27.8489（6）, c = 9.8246（2）/, fl = 131.349（1）, V = 1519.82（5） A3, Z = 4, F（000） = 768, Rint = 0.033 and S = 1.03 for I, and in the orthorhombic system, space group Pbca with a = 8.6227（1）, b = 16.1480（4）, c = 23.8774（6）/, V= 3324.67（12） A3, Z = 8, F（000） = 1312, Rint = 0.024 and S = 1.04 for II. We have devised a convenient procedure for the synthesis of fused organic salts resulting from 1：1 proton-transfer, using an amine and a derivative ofbenzenesulfonic acid. The synthesized salts have a number of applications ranging from their consumption as eco-friendly solvents and catalysts in organic syntheses, to being used as efficient precursors for the production of sulfa drugs. Structures of compounds 3-chloroanilinium 2,4-dinitrobenzenesulfonate （CA-DNBS） and triethylaminium 2,4,6-trimethylbenzenesulfonate （TEA-TMBS） were determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies and infrared spectroscopy.
文摘The floatability of andalusite and quartz was studied using sodium petroleum sulfonate as collector, being successfully applied in the real ore separation. The collecting performance on minerals was interpreted by means of zeta potential measurement and infrared spectroscopic analysis. The single mineral experiments showed that andalusite got good floatability in acidic pH region while quartz exhibited very poor floatability in the whole pH range. At pH 3, the presence of Fe3+ obviously activated quartz, causing the identical flotation behavior of the two minerals, and calcium lignosulphonate exhibited good selective inhibition to quartz. The real ore test results showed that andalusite concentrate with 53.46% Al2O3 and quartz concentrate with 92.74% SiO2 were obtained. The zeta potential and infrared spectroscopic analysis results indicated that chemical adsorption occurred between sodium petroleum sulfonate and andalusite.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 21774006)
文摘The sulfonated poly(α-methyl styrene-b-isobutylene-b-α-methyl styrene)copolymers(S-ASIBS)with the average molar percentage of sulfonic acid(-SO_(3)H)groups(SP)ranging from 3.6 mol%to 14.3 mol%could be synthesized by sulfonation of ASIBS with acetyl sulfate.The hydrophilic ionic channels were generated for proton exchange membranes(PEMs)by ion aggregation of-SO_(3)H groups and microphase separation between hydrophobic polyisobutylene and hydrophilic sulfonated poly(α-methyl styrene)segments in S-ASIBS.The proton transport ability was improved while oxidative stability was decreased by increasing SP in S-ASIBS.The appropriate SP of about 12.7 mol%in S-ASIBS provides the available PEMs with high proton transport ability,low methanol permeability and good oxidative stability.The absence of active tertiary hydrogen atoms along S-ASIBS copolymer chains avoids their attack by peroxy radicals.The residual rates of weight(RW)and proton conductivity(Rσ)of S-ASIBS-12.7 membrane after oxidation treatment for 916 h were 84.3%and 88.1%respectively,near to those of commercial Nafion 117(RW=87.9%,Rσ=90.3%).The membrane electrode assembly(MEA)could be prepared by using various S-ASIBS as PEMs for direct methanol fuel cell.The single cell with S-ASIBS-12.7 MEA behaves high performance of open circuit voltage(OCV)of 548 mV and peak power density(Pmax)of 36.1 mW·cm^(-2),which is similar to those of Nafion 117(OCV=506 mV,P_(max)=35.6 mW·cm^(-2)).To the best of our knowledge,this is the first example of advanced S-ASIBS membrane with high proton conductivity,excellent fuel barrier property and remarkable oxidative stability for promising PEMs.
文摘Two highly sensitive methods for the determination of genotoxic alkyl methane sulfonates (AMSs) and alkyl paratoluene sulfonates (APTSs) in lamivudine using hyphenated techniques have been presented. AMSs were determined by GC-MS method using GSBPINOWAX (30 m 0.25 mm 0.25 mm) column. Temperature program was set by maintaining at 100 1C initially for 3 min, then rised to 220 1C at the rate of 15 1C/min and maintained at 220 1C for 16 min. N,N-dimethyl formamide was used as diluent. APTSs were determined by LC-MS using Zorbax, Rx C8, 250 mm 4.6 mm, 5 mm column as stationary phase. 0.01 M ammonium acetate is used as buffer. The mixture of buffer and methanol in 75:25 (v/v) ratio was used as mobile phase A and mixture of buffer and methanol in 5:95 (v/v) ratio was used as mobile phase B. The gradient program (T/%B) was set as 0/28, 16/50, 17/100, 23/100, 27/28 and 40/28. Both the methods were validated as per International Conference on Harmonization guidelines. Limit of quantitation was found 1.5 mg/mL for AMSs and was in the range of 1.0-1.5 mg/mL for APTSs.
基金Supported by the State Key Development Program for Basic Research of China （2008CB617502）, the National Natural Science Foundation of China （20606025）, and Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of China （IRT0641）.
文摘A sulfonated poly（ether ether ketone） （SPEEK） membrane with fairly high degree of sulfonation （DS） swells excessively and even dissolves at high temperature. To solve these problems, sulfonated phenolphthalein poly（ether sulfone） （SPES-C, DS= 53.7%） is blended with the SPEEK matrix （DS= 55.1%, 61.7%） to prepare SPEEKJSPES-C blend membrane. The decrease in swelling degree and methanol permeability of the membrane is dose-dependent. Pure SPEEK （DS = 61.7%） membrane dissolves completely in water at 70℃, whereas the swelling degree of the SPEEK （DS = 61.7%）/SPES-C （40%, by mass） membrane is 29.7% at 80℃. From room temperature to 80℃, the methanol permeability of all SPEEK （DS = 55.1%）/SPES-C blend membranes is about one order of magnitude lower than that of Nafion 115. At higher temperature, the addition of SPES-C polymer increases the dimensional stability and greater proton conductivity can be achieved. The SPEEK （DS = 55.1%）/SPES-C （40%, by mass） membrane can withstand temperatures up to 150℃. The proton conductivity of SPEEK （DS = 55.1%）/SPES-C （30%, by mass） membrane approaches 0.16 S·cm^-1, matching that of Nafion 115 at 140℃ and 100% RH, while pure SPEEK （DS = 55.1%） membrane dissolves at 90℃. The SPEEK/SPES-C blend membranes are promising for use in direct methanol fuel cells because of their good dimensional stability, high proton conductivity, and low methanol permeability.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.21173002） and the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation, China （No.1308085MB20）.
文摘The photochemical reaction process of anthraquinone-2-sodium sulfonate （AQS） in the mixture of water （H2O） and N-butylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate （[BPy] [BF4]） was studied using the laser flash photolysis technique. Experimental results show that the excited triplet of AQS （3AQS＊） could react rapidly with H2O and the transient absorption spectra greatly changed by increasing the volume fraction of the ionic liquid （VIL） in [BPy][BF4]/H2O mixtures. The absorbance at 510 nm increased gradually with increasing VIL when 0〈VIL〈0.1. By contrast, the absorbance decreased gradually when VIL〉0.1. Otherwise, the absorbance of the band near 380 nm steadily increased. The apparent kinetic parameters of transient species B and ^3AQS＊ are obtained approximately. 3AQS＊ abstracting hydrogen from [BPy]＋ was also explored. It was deduced that the 350-420 nm band was the superposition of the peaks of 3AQS＊ and AQSH＇. The two reactions of 3AQS＊ with [BPy][BF4] and H2O are a pair of competitive reactions. We also concluded that the entire reaction processes slow down in the case of high [BPy] [BF4] concentrations.
基金financially supported by the Department of Science and Technology of Jilin Province(No.20086019)the 863 Project from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2006AA03Z224)
文摘A series of sulfonated polyimides （SPIs） containing pyridine groups were prepared by direct polycondensation from 1,4,5,8-naphthalenetetracarboxylic dianhydride （NTDA）, 4,4＇-diaminodiphenyl ether-2,2＇-disulfonic acid （ODADS） and 4-（4-methoxy）phenyl-2,6-bis（4-aminophenyl）pyridine （DAM）. The resulting copolymers displayed good solubility in common organic solvents. Flexible, transparent, tough membranes were obtained via solution casting. All the films showed high thermal stability with desulfonation temperature over 300℃. They exhibited prominent mechanical properties with Young＇s modulus around 2.0 GPa. High proton conductivity （0.23 S/cm at 100% RH） was also observed. More importantly, the new materials exhibited low water uptake （30 wt%-75 wt% at 80℃） and improved water stability, which were attributed to the acid-base interaction between sulfonic acid and pyridine functional groups.
基金supported by the Korea Institute of Energy Technology Evaluation and Planning(KETEP)the Ministry of Trade,Industry&Energy(MOTIE)of the Republic of Korea(No.20164030201070)supported by Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF)funded by the Ministry of Science,ICT and future Planning(NRF-2017R1A2B4005230)
文摘A ternary hybrid membrane architecture consisting of sulfonated fluorinated multi-block copolymer （SFMC）, sulfonated （poly ether ether ketone） （SPEEK） and I or 5 wt% graphene oxide （GO） was fabricated through a facile solution casting approach. The simple, but effective monomer sulfonation was performed for SFMC to create compact and rigid hydrophobic backbone structures, while conventional random sulfonation was carried-out for SPEEK. Hydrophilic-hydrophobic-hydrophilic structure of SFMC enhances the compatibility with SPEEK and GO and allows for an unprecedented approach to alter me- chanical strength and proton conductivity of ternary hybrid membrane, as verified from universal test machine （UTM） curves and alternating current （AC） impedance plots. The impact of GO integration on the morphology and roughness of hybrid membrane was scrutinized using field emission scanning electron microscope （FE-SEM） and atomic force microscope （AFM）. Ternary hybrid showed uniform intercalation of GO nanosheets throughout the entire surface of membrane with an increased surface roughness of 8.91 nm. The constructed ternary hybrid membrane revealed excellent water absorption, ion exchange capacity and gas barrier properties, while retaining reasonable dimensional stability. The well-optimized ternary hybrid membrane containing 5 wt% GO revealed a maximum proton conductivity of 111.9 mS/cm, which is higher by a factor of two-fold with respect to that of bare SFMC membrane. The maximum PEMFC power density of 528.07mW/cm2 was yielded by ternary hybrid membrane at a load current density of 1321.1 mA/cm2 when operating the cell at 70 ℃ under 100% relative humidity （RH）. In comparison, a maximum power density of only 182.06 mW/cm2 was exhibited by the bare SFMC membrane at a load current density of 455.56 mA/cm2 under same operating conditions.
文摘Sulfonate groups were introduced to the surfaces of multiwalled carbon nanotubes by the radiation-induced graft polymerization of sodium 4-styrene sulfonate for the use as biosensor supports. Alcohol dehydrogenase was immobilized onto a sulfonated nanotube-supporting electrode with tris（2,2＇-bipyridyl） ruthenium（II） complex to form an electrogenerated chemilluminesce sensor of alcohol. When it was used to detect alcohol in cyclic voltammetric measurements, the sensor showed the linearity over the range of 1.0 × 10^-4 M-5.0 ×10^-2 M, with a correlation coefficient of 0.992 and a detection limit of 1.9 ×10^-6 M. In electrogenerated chemilluminesce detection, it showed linearity over 5.0 × 10^-4 M-1.0 × 10^-2 M, with a correlation coefficient of 0.986 and a detection limit of 1.0 × 10^-6 M. The sensor was demonstrated to be able to detect ethanol in commercial drinks.
文摘Aim： To quantitatively study the histological changes of the testis and epididymis as a result of a drastic reduction of testosterone secretion. Methods： Fourteen adult Sprague-Dawley rats were injected intraperitoneally with ethane dimethane sulfonate （EDS, 75 mg/kg） and the same number of animals were injected with normal saline as a control. At days 7 and 12 （after treatment）, respectively, half of the animals from each group were killed. The testes and epididymides were removed and tissue blocks embedded in methacrylate resin. The cell number per testis was estimated using the stereological optical disector and some other parameters were obtained using other morphometric methods. Results： The EDS treatment resulted in an almost complete elimination of Leydig cells but had no effect on the numbers of Sertoli cells per testis. At day 7 after EDS treatment, many elongated spermatids were retained in the seminiferous epithelium and many round spermatids could be seen in the epididymal ducts. At day 12, a looser arrangement of spermatids and spermatocytes became evident, with apparent narrow empty spaces being formed between germ cells in an approximately radial direction towards the tubule lumen; the numbers （per testis） of non-type B spermatogonia and spermatocytes were similar to controls, whereas that of type B spermatogonia increased by 59%, and that of early round, elongating and late elongated spermatids decreased by 37%, 72% and 52%, respectively. Conclusion： The primary spermatogenic lesions following EDS administration were （i） spermiation failure and （ii） detachment of spermatids and spermatocytes associated with impairment in spermiogenesis and meiosis.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 49771044 and 49971038)
文摘More and more linear alkylbenzene sulfonate (LAS) has contaminated the water and soil ma pollution discharge, making it important to identify the ecological behavior and toxicity of LAS so as to carry out measures that will reduce its negative effects on the ecosystem. The ecological behavior of LAS. including degradation, migration, and plant uptake, in both soil-paddy rice and soil-soybean systems was studied. Reduction of LAS in pot and field plots followed the first order reaction kinetics with degradation half-lives of 35-50 days with LAS decreasing to very low concentrations after a season of crop growth. Strong migration ability for LAS was found and the breakthrough time in a 1.5 in soil monolith was significantly shortened to 23 days by preferential flow. Leachate volumes of soil-paddy and soil-soybean systems at preferential breakthrough were much different, while the leachate volumes at equilibrium governed by soil adsorption/desorption processes were very similar. Significant uptake of LAS in both paddy rice and sovbeans was observed in pot and field experiments (P < 0.05). In aquatic culture, 20 μg mL-1 and above of LAS significantly inhibited the growth of paddy seedlings (P < 0.05). The critical concentration for LAS in soil inhibiting the growth and yield of paddy was 160 μg g-1; when higher, there was a strong negative influence, with decreases in height, spike length, and production, when lower than 80 μg g-1, paddy growth was stimulated. There was little effect of LAS on soybeans.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 20477050, 20621703)
文摘Sorption and desorption of perfluorooctane sulfonate （PFOS） on humic acid at different temperatures were studied. It was found that the sorption process could be modeled with power kinetic equation very well, suggesting that diflusion predominated the sorption of PFOS on the humic acid. The sorption capacity was doubled when the temperature increased from 5 to 35°C, and thermodynamics parameters △G0 was calculated to be –7.11 to –5.04 kJ/mol, △H0 was 14.2 kJ/mol, and △S 0 was 69.5 J/（mol·K）, indicating that the sorption was a spontaneous, endothermic, and entropy driven process. Desorption hysteresis occurred at all studied temperatures which suggested that humic acid may be an important sink of PFOS in the environment.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （20821004 20990221） the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China （2006AA030202）
文摘With the application of HIGEE process intensification technology, petroleum sulfonate surfactant used for enhanced oil recovery was synthesized from petroleum fraction of Shengli crude oil with three sulfonating agents, including diluted liquid sulfur trioxide, diluted gaseous sulfur trioxide and fuming sulfuric acid. For each sulfonating agent, different operation modes (liquid-liquid or gas-liquid reaction with semi-continuous or continuous operation) were applied. The effects of various experimental conditions, such as solvent/oil mass ratio, sulfonating agent/oil mass ratio, gas/liquid ratio, gas concentration, reaction temperature, rotating speed, circulation ratio, reaction time and aging time, on the content of active matter and unsulfonated oil were investigated. Under relatively optimal reaction conditions, the target product was prepared with high mass content of active matter (up to 45.3%) and extremely low oil/water interfacial tension (4.5×10 –3 mN·m –1 ). The product quality and process efficiency are higher compared with traditional sulfonation technology.
文摘Cardiac dysfunction, a common consequence of sepsis, is the major contribution to morbidity and mortality in patients. Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate(STS) is a water-soluble derivative of Tanshinone IIA(TA), a main active component of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, which has been widely used in China for the treatment of cardiovascular and cerebral system diseases. In the present study, the effect of STS on sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction was investigated and its effect on survival rate of rats with sepsis was also evaluated. STS treatment could significantly decrease the serum levels of C-reactive protein(CRP), procalcitonin(PCT), cardiac troponin Ⅰ(cTn-Ⅰ), cardiac troponin T(cTn-T), and brain natriuretic peptide(BNP) in cecal ligation and puncture(CLP)-induced) septic rats and improve left ventricular function, particularly at 48 and 72 h after CLP. As the pathogenesis of septic myocardial dysfunction is attributable to dysregulated systemic inflammatory responses, several key cytokines, including tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), interleukin-1β(IL-1β), interleukin-6(IL-6), interleukin-10(IL-10) and high mobility group protein B1(HMGB1), were detected to reveal the possible mechanism of attenuation of septic myocardial dysfunction after being treated by STS. Our study showed that STS, especially at a high dose(15 mg×kg–1), could efficiently suppress inflammatory responses in myocardium and reduce myocardial necrosis through markedly reducing production of myocardial TNF-α, IL-6 and HMGB1. STS significantly improved the 18-day survival rate of rats with sepsis from 0% to 30%(P < 0.05). Therefore, STS could suppress inflammatory responses and improve left ventricular function in rats with sepsis, suggesting that it may be developed for the treatment of sepsis.
基金Supported by the Special Fund for International Cooperation Projects of China (2005DFA50160)
文摘Polyethersulfone(PES) is widely used as biomaterials due to its thermal stability,mechanical strength,and chemical inertness.Nevertheless,their blood compatibility is still not adequate for hemodialysis and blood purification.In this study,the sulfonated polyethersulfone(SPES) was synthesized through an electrophilic substitution reaction,and PES/SPES blending membranes were prepared.The characterization of the SPES was studied by FTIR.The water adsorption and water contact angle experiments show that the hydrophilicity of PES/SPES blend membrane was improved as for the sulfonate group existing in the SPES.Moreover,PES/SPES blend membrane could effectively reduce bovine serum albumin adsorption and prolong the blood coagulation time compared with the PES membrane,thereby improving blood compatibility.
