Objective To analyse trends in mental and substance use disorders among Asian children aged 5–14 years,identify key risk factors(eg,bullying,abuse,lead exposure)and compare gender/age disparities using Global Burden ...Objective To analyse trends in mental and substance use disorders among Asian children aged 5–14 years,identify key risk factors(eg,bullying,abuse,lead exposure)and compare gender/age disparities using Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 data.Design Cross-sectional analysis of the GBD 2021 database,focusing on prevalence,disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)and risk factor associations.Setting Population-based study across Asian countries,examining the burdens of mental health,especially substance use disorders in high-prevalence regions.Participants Children aged 5–14 years in Asia,with gender-stratified subgroups(boys vs girls).Result Anxiety,conduct disorders and autism were primary contributors to mental health burdens.Substance use disorders,though less prevalent,rose notably among boys.Girls showed higher burdens of anxiety/depressive disorders.Bullying and childhood abuse were strongly linked to these conditions.Gender disparities in DALYs highlighted boys’vulnerability to substance use and girls to internalising disorders.Conclusion Urgent,region-specific interventions are needed to address bullying,lead exposure and abuse,with gender-sensitive strategies.The study calls for targeted research and policies to mitigate rising mental health challenges in Asian children.展开更多
I applaud Adekeye AP and the journal for publishing‘Smoking of Carica papaya in Nigeria:The rationale,the public health effects and policies for intervention’.It is important to draw attention to newly recognised us...I applaud Adekeye AP and the journal for publishing‘Smoking of Carica papaya in Nigeria:The rationale,the public health effects and policies for intervention’.It is important to draw attention to newly recognised uses of substances which might alter perception,mood,and/or behaviour.展开更多
Persistent toxic substances(PTS)represent a paramount environmental issue in the 21st century.Understanding the concentrations and forms of PTS in the environment is crucial for accurately assessing their environmenta...Persistent toxic substances(PTS)represent a paramount environmental issue in the 21st century.Understanding the concentrations and forms of PTS in the environment is crucial for accurately assessing their environmental health impacts.This article presents a concise overview of the components of PTS,pertinent environmental regulations,and conventional detection methodologies.Additionally,we offer an in-depth review of the principles,development,and practical applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)in environmental monitoring,emphasizing the advancements in detecting trace amounts of PTS in complex environmental matrices.Recent progress in enhancing SERS sensitivity,improving selectivity,and practical implementations are detailed,showcasing innovative materials and methods.Integrating SERS with advanced algorithms are highlighted as pivotal areas for future research.展开更多
Arsenic(As)pollution seriously threatens human and ecological health.Microalgal cell wall and extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)are known to interactwith As,but their roles in the As resistance,accumulation and s...Arsenic(As)pollution seriously threatens human and ecological health.Microalgal cell wall and extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)are known to interactwith As,but their roles in the As resistance,accumulation and speciation inmicroalgae remain unclear.Here,we used two strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii,namely CC-125(wild type)and CC-503(cell walldeficientmutant),to examine the algal growth,EPS synthesis,As adsorption,absorption and transformation under 10–1000μg/L As(III)and As(V)treatments for 96 h.In both strains,the As absorption increased after the EPS removal,but the growth,As adsorption,and transformation of C.reinhardtii declined.The CC-125 strain was more tolerant to As stress and more efficient in EPS production,As accumulation,and redox transformation than CC-503,irrespective of EPS presence or absence.Three-dimension excitation-emission matrix(3DEEM)and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy(ATR-IR)analyses showed that As was bound with functional groups in the EPS and cell wall,such as-COOH,NH and-OH in proteins,polysaccharides and amino acids.Together,this study demonstrated that EPS and cell wall acted as barriers to lower the As uptake by C.reinhardtii.However,the cell wall mutant strain wasmore susceptible to As toxicity due to lower EPS induction and higher As absorption.展开更多
Due to their persistence,bioaccumulation,and resistance to degradation,perfluorinated substances(PFASs)have significant impacts on the environment and human health.This study comprehensively analyzed and assessed the ...Due to their persistence,bioaccumulation,and resistance to degradation,perfluorinated substances(PFASs)have significant impacts on the environment and human health.This study comprehensively analyzed and assessed the occurrence characteristics,sources,and potential ecological risks of 13 PFASs in the Yangtze River.The results indicated that the concentrations ofΣPFASs range from 5.1 to 57.7 ng/L,with more severe pollution downstream and perfluorobutane sulfonate(PFBuS)being the main pollutant.ΣPFASs showed a positive correlation with total organic carbon and absorbance under the condition of UV wavelength 254 nm(UV_(254)),and a negative correlation with total dissolved solids.Positive matrix factorization model analysis revealed that the primary sources of PFASs in the study area are food packaging,the electroplating industry,and the manufacturing and processing of fluoropolymer-containing products.The total ecological risk value of PFASs indicated that the ecological risks to algae,invertebrates,and fish are negligible.The annual load of ΣPFASs in the Yangtze River was 39.00 t,with the highest concentrations of pollutants being PFBuS(26.41 t/year),perfluorobutanoic acid(6.47 t/year),and perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA,3.19t/year).While PFASs have not yet posed a risk to aquatic organisms,the increase in the use of short-chain PFASs substitutes(C4-C7)due to the regulation of PFOA and perfluorooctane sulfonate highlights the need for continued monitoring of short-chain PFASs pollution.展开更多
Spider mites are significant pests in agricultural production.The increasing resistance of spider mites,along with environmental pollution and ecological imbalance caused by their control,is primarily attributed to th...Spider mites are significant pests in agricultural production.The increasing resistance of spider mites,along with environmental pollution and ecological imbalance caused by their control,is primarily attributed to the long-term use of chemical acaricides in agriculture.In contrast,bioactive substances of biological origin offer advantages such as wide availability,environmental friendliness,and low tendency to induce resistance,making them a research hotspot for spider mite control.This review summarizes recent advances in the use of plant-derived active compounds(exemplified by extracts from Veratrum rhizomes),RNA interference(RNAi)technology,and microorganism-derived active substances for controlling spider mites.These bioactive agents exert acaricidal effects by disrupting the nervous system,interfering with metabolic processes,or silencing key genes in mites,demonstrating favorable efficacy and considerable potential for development.However,challenges remain,including poor environmental stability,slow action,high production costs,and insufficient understanding of their effects on non-target organisms.Therefore,future research should focus on the screening and development of novel bioactive substances of biological origin,elucidation of their mechanisms of action,optimization of formulation technologies,and assessment of their ecological safety.These efforts will provide valuable insights for promoting the advancement of bioactive substances and supporting sustainable agricultural development.展开更多
Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the profile of psychoactive substance users in Senegal from 2018 to 2022. Methodology: These were retrospective descriptive studies of patient consultation and hospital...Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the profile of psychoactive substance users in Senegal from 2018 to 2022. Methodology: These were retrospective descriptive studies of patient consultation and hospitalization records in the 17 psychiatric and addictology care centers in Senegal from 2018 to 2022. This was an exhaustive survey. All usable consultation and hospitalization registers were included in the study. Non-usable consultation and hospitalization registers were not included. Data were collected from January 1 to December 31 of each respective year. Data were cleaned using Excel before analysis. R software version 4.3.3 was used for analysis. Results: Between 2018 and 2022, 26,029 patients were registered in mental health facilities in Senegal. The Fann Psychiatry Department (CHNU Fann) admitted 23.2% of patients and the Thiaroye National Psychiatric Hospital registered 17.6% of drug users. For the year 2019, we found 8259 and in 2021, we had 6607 patients. The male gender was more represented with 14,750 patients, or 90.9%. The age group [25 - 34] was the majority (7013 patients or 39.5%). The majority of patients (17,425 patients, or 84.6%) were followed as outpatients. The drugs were mainly inhaled (96.7%). The most consumed substance was cannabis with 8847 patients, or 54.2%. Withdrawal was the main reason for treatment, 11,614 patients, or 85.7%. Conclusion: In the light of the results of our study, we can say that the use of psychoactive substances is a real public health and development problem in Senegal. The peaks in psychoactive substance consumption preceded the peaks in psychiatric care centers, so we need to promote information, education and communication on the harmful effects of psychoactive substance consumption among the population in general and young people in particular, in order to safeguard the country’s development.展开更多
Background:With growing concerns about the abuse of prescription and over-the-counter(OTC)medications,such as medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),diet pills,and sleep aids,among adolescents ...Background:With growing concerns about the abuse of prescription and over-the-counter(OTC)medications,such as medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),diet pills,and sleep aids,among adolescents in South Korea,this study aimed to investigated how these substances affect key aspects of adolescent well-being,specifically school satisfaction,body image,and sleep quality,and their association with mental health outcomes.Methods:A two-wave longitudinal survey was conducted with Korean female high school students(Wave 1:n=494;Wave 2:n=189).Linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the effects of ADHD medications,diet pills,and sleep aids on changes in school satisfaction,body image,and sleep quality,respectively.We also examined the relationship between these outcomes and mental health indicators,including depression,anxiety,stress,and somatic symptoms.Results:In line with the Self-Medication Hypothesis,which suggests that substances may fail to alleviate stress or improve well-being,the use of ADHD medications was associated with a decrease in school satisfaction,diet pill use was not significantly associated with changes in body image,and sleep aid use was not significantly associated with changes in sleep quality.Poor school satisfaction,body image,and sleep quality were associated with negative mental health outcomes.Conclusion:These findings suggest that ADHD medications,diet pills,and sleep aids may not effectively improve school satisfaction,body image,or sleep quality,and could potentially exacerbate mental health challenges.展开更多
Based on the energy dissipation caused by consolidation deformation of the porous media under external force and migration of the internal suspended substances,a coupled multiphase-substance flow(CMF)model was establi...Based on the energy dissipation caused by consolidation deformation of the porous media under external force and migration of the internal suspended substances,a coupled multiphase-substance flow(CMF)model was established.This model introduced the new concepts,such as particle temperature and particle entropy,to describe energy dissipation at meso-level.This model used a potential energy density function and migration coefficients to establish the corresponding connection between the dissipative force and dissipative flow.This viewpoint unifies the deformation,seepage,and suspended substance migration of geotechnical materials under the framework of granular thermodynamics.It can reflect the evolution of effective stress in the solid matrix of multi-components in a particle-reorganized state,and considers the temperature driving effect.The proposed CMF model is validated using the experimental results under coupled migration of heavy metal ions(HMs)and suspended particles(SPs).The calculation results demonstrated that the CMF model can describe the flow process under the conditions of arbitrary changes in different suspended substance types,injection concentrations,and injection velocities.展开更多
Introduction Tobacco and other substance co-use has not been examined in adolescent and young adult(AYA)cancer survivors.We compared the prevalence of past-month co-use of tobacco+cannabis,alcohol and illicit drugs be...Introduction Tobacco and other substance co-use has not been examined in adolescent and young adult(AYA)cancer survivors.We compared the prevalence of past-month co-use of tobacco+cannabis,alcohol and illicit drugs between AYAs with and without a cancer history and considered associations between co-use and nicotine dependence in AYA cancer survivors who use tobacco,exploring if past-year major depression moderates this relationship.Methods 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data were used to analyse past-month co-use in 7793 AYAs(228 with cancer;7565 without cancer).Weighted univariable and multivariable logistic regression models estimated associations between cancer history and co-use and co-use with nicotine dependence(among AYA cancer survivors)incorporating moderation by major depression.Results AYA cancer survivors had lower reported past-month cannabis co-use than those without cancer(29%vs 39%),but cancer history was not associated with cannabis co-use in multivariable models(adjusted OR(aOR):0.83,95%CI=0.54,1.28).When AYA cancer survivors who use tobacco had major depression,alcohol co-use was associated with lower rates of nicotine dependence(aOR=0.08,95%CI=0.01,0.53).Conclusions There are high rates of substance co-use among AYAs who use tobacco,consistent across cancer history.Unlike previous research,alcohol co-use was associated with lower rates of nicotine dependence,but only for those with major depression.This finding could be related to neurochemical dysregulation due to co-use and warrants further exploration.Future research should also examine more nuanced definitions of substance use including modes,patterns and initiation of use,and explore motivation to change tobacco behaviour in AYA cancer survivor populations.展开更多
In this article,we comment on the article by Zhang et al,which explores the familiarity,awareness,and usage of smart medical care and its correlation with mental health and personality traits.The use of intelligent he...In this article,we comment on the article by Zhang et al,which explores the familiarity,awareness,and usage of smart medical care and its correlation with mental health and personality traits.The use of intelligent healthcare technologies in treating mental disorders and substance use disorders shows significant promise,but involves certain challenges,such as limited access,low technological literacy,and privacy concerns.These barriers disproportionately affect deprived populations and individuals with severe mental health conditions.We highlight the positive impact of smart healthcare solutions,such as telemedicine and wearable technologies,on patient engagement,remote monitoring,and treatment adherence.To overcome these challenges,we propose strategies,such as improving user-friendliness,ensuring equitable access to digital interventions,enhancing cybersecurity,and integrating smart healthcare into clinical workflows.Training healthcare providers and developing policies to ensure the ethical use of patient data are essential.When implemented thoughtfully,smart healthcare technologies can revolutionize mental health and substance use disorder treatment,improve patient outcomes,and reduce healthcare inequities.展开更多
Work-related stress has become an alarming reality that continues to intensify over the past decades. The pressure exerted by the work environment demands the utilization of defensive and coping strategies to deal wit...Work-related stress has become an alarming reality that continues to intensify over the past decades. The pressure exerted by the work environment demands the utilization of defensive and coping strategies to deal with it. Our study aims to explore the relationship between professional stress factors, stress symptoms, and the consumption of psychoactive substances as a defensive and coping strategy deployed to address psychological distress at work. A qualitative and quantitative study was conducted with a sample of 405 employees from a wiring manufacturing. The main professional stress factors identified were concentration, overload, long working hours, and monotony, which showed a significant correlation with PAS consumption. Women were found to be more affected by stress and tended to consume more sedatives. Among the respondents, 21.98% reported PAS consumption, with tobacco being the most commonly used (M = 2.66), followed by alcohol (M = 1.94), cannabis (M = 1.79), and sedatives (M = 1.45). There was a significant positive correlation between PAS consumption and stress symptoms {tobacco (r = 0.232*), alcohol (r = 0.305**), cannabis (r = 0.389**)}.展开更多
Fermented sour soup is a unique traditional sour food of the Miao and Dong ethnic groups in China.However,due to the commonly used traditional fermentation,the unstable fluctuation of microbial community often leads t...Fermented sour soup is a unique traditional sour food of the Miao and Dong ethnic groups in China.However,due to the commonly used traditional fermentation,the unstable fluctuation of microbial community often leads to some unpleasant inherent off-flavours in rice sour soup.In this study,the microbial composition and volatile flavour components of off-flavour and normal rice sour soup were examined by high-throughput sequencing and headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry.Then,based on Pearson correlation coefficients,the correlations between fungi and bacteria and those between core microorganisms and key volatile flavour components were investigated.The dominant fungal genera included Candida,Dekkera,Pichia,Rhizopus,and Issatchenkia,whereas the dominant bacterial genera included Lactobacillus,Pectinatus,Bifidobacterium,Pseudomonas,and Acetobacter.Compared to normal rice sour soup,off-flavoured rice sour soup contained the significantly increased relative abundance of Candida and the significantly decreased relative abundance of Dkkera.In addition,80 volatile flavour compounds detected in off-flavoured rice sour soup,mainly including esters,acids,and alcohols,were different from those detected in normal rice sour soup.Especially,some substances were only detected in off-flavoured rice sour soup,such as 1-hexanol(68-207μg/kg),butyric acid(20-92μg/kg)and heptanoic acid(12-45μg/kg),which might be the main source of off-flavours.These results provide new ideas and strategies of removing or abating odour from fermented rice sour soup.展开更多
Objective To investigate the associations between eight serum per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)and regional fat depots,we analyzed the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)2011...Objective To investigate the associations between eight serum per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)and regional fat depots,we analyzed the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)2011-2018 cycles.Methods Multiple linear regression models were developed to explore the associations between serum PFAS concentrations and six fat compositions along with a fat distribution score created by summing the concentrations of the six fat compositions.The associations between structurally grouped PFASs and fat distribution were assessed,and a prediction model was developed to estimate the ability of PFAS exposure to predict obesity risk.Results Among females aged 39-59 years,trunk fat mass was positively associated with perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS).Higher concentrations of PFOS,perfluorohexane sulfonate(PFHxS),perfluorodecanoate(PFDeA),perfluorononanoate(PFNA),and n-perfluorooctanoate(n-PFOA)were linked to greater visceral adipose tissue in this group.In men,exposure to total perfluoroalkane sulfonates(PFSAs)and long-chain PFSAs was associated with reductions in abdominal fat,while higher abdominal fat in women aged 39-59 years was associated with short-chain PFSAs.The prediction model demonstrated high accuracy,with an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.9925 for predicting obesity risk.Conclusion PFAS exposure is associated with regional fat distribution,with varying effects based on age,sex,and PFAS structure.The findings highlight the potential role of PFAS exposure in influencing fat depots and obesity risk,with significant implications for public health.The prediction model provides a highly accurate tool for assessing obesity risk related to PFAS exposure.展开更多
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)can induce a range of adverse health effects,with the precise molecularmechanisms remaining elusive.Extracellular vesicles(EVs)have demonstrated their potential to elucidate un...Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)can induce a range of adverse health effects,with the precise molecularmechanisms remaining elusive.Extracellular vesicles(EVs)have demonstrated their potential to elucidate unknown molecular mechanisms.Building upon the close alignment of their biological functions with the observed health effects of PFASs,this study innovatively focuses on proteomic insights from EVs into the molecular mechanisms underlying the systemic health effects of PFASs.Through rat exposure experiments and proteomics technology,it not only demonstrated the occurrence of PFASs in EVs but also revealed the alterations in the serum EVs and the expression of their protein cargos following mixed exposure to PFASs,leading to changes in related pathways.These changes encompass various biological processes,including proteasome activity,immune response,cytoskeletal organization,oxidative stress,cell signaling,and nervous system function.Particularly noteworthy is the uncovering of the activation of the proteasome pathway,highlighting significant key contributing proteins.These novel findings provide a new perspective for exploring the molecularmechanism underlying the systemic health effects of PFASs and offer reliable screening for potential biomarkers.Additionally,comparisons with serum confirmed the potential of serum EVs as biological responders and measurable endpoints for evaluating PFASs-induced toxicity.展开更多
Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)pollution with their toxicity,carcinogenicity,and persistence has been concerned worldwide.Research into novel materials for detecting and removing PFASs has increas...Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)pollution with their toxicity,carcinogenicity,and persistence has been concerned worldwide.Research into novel materials for detecting and removing PFASs has increased rapidly,particularly in regard to the emergence of well-characterized single-atom materials(SAMs).Owing to the high selectivity,high atom utilization,and abundant active sites of SAMs,these materials exhibit remarkable efficacy in the detection and removal of PFASs.In this work,recent advances in the synthesis of SAMs for the detection and removal PFASs are reviewed.In-depth discussions of the structure-activity relationship and reaction mechanisms have demonstrated the high efficiency,activity,and selectivity of SAMs for the detection,adsorption,and degradation of PFASs.To optimize the application of SAMs in PFASs remediation,this review comprehensively surveys SAMs applications for PFASs and analyzes potential design strategies based on synthesis methods and corresponding properties.Synthesis strategies such as wet-chemistry,which offer ease of operation and high potential for large-scale production,are recommended for the further exploration of specific SAMs for the detection and removal of PFASs.Finally,this review identifies the challenges and opportunities for development of SAMs for the detection and remediation of PFASs,providing an outlook on strategic goals for a green economy and sustainable development.展开更多
The optical absorption of large molecular compounds HULIS(humic-like substances)can significantly impact the aerosol light absorption and radiative forcing,influencing cloud condensation nuclei formation and thus the ...The optical absorption of large molecular compounds HULIS(humic-like substances)can significantly impact the aerosol light absorption and radiative forcing,influencing cloud condensation nuclei formation and thus the climate and atmospheric environment.This study collected aerosol(PM_(2.5))samples from the summit of Mount Tai in North China to investigate the concentration,molecular composition,and optical properties of HULIS.The average concentration of HULIS in the PM_(2.5) in this study was 1.26±0.54μg/m^(3),comprising for 56%of the water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC),with levels lower than urban areas but higher than other mountainous regions.Mass spectrometry revealed that CHO and CHON components,with high aromaticity and phenolic groups,are major contributors to absorption and fluorescence.These results indicate that HULIS is mainly composed of lignin and proteins/amino sugars,derived from combustion and secondary formation,and possesses a high light absorption capacity(withMAE365(mass absorption efficiency)and AAE(A˚ngstrom exponent)indices of 0.62m^(2)/g and 4.99,respectively).Parallel factor analysis identified three fluorescence components of HULIS,with proportions of 60.8%for less oxygen humic-like substances,21.0%for high oxygen humic-like substances,and 18.2%for protein-like substances.Our study highlights the significance of the light-absorbing capacity and secondary formation of HULIS at Mount Tai,laying the groundwork for investigation into the climate effects,formation mechanisms,and sources of HULIS generation.展开更多
The escalating diversity of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS),arising from both intentional synthesis and inadvertent generation and release,has led to increasingly complex environmental PFAS compositions.In re...The escalating diversity of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS),arising from both intentional synthesis and inadvertent generation and release,has led to increasingly complex environmental PFAS compositions.In recent years,unknown PFAS have been frequently identified in the environment.However,the structural diversity and lack of corresponding reference standards pose significant challenges for the detection and identification of PFAS.Traditional targeted screening methods are often inadequate for detecting these compounds,making nontargeted analysis(NTA)using high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS)essential for identifying unknown or suspected contaminants.Nevertheless,existing NTA techniques still face limitations in comprehensively characterizing the full spectrum of PFAS in the environment.Continuous optimization and development of sample preparation methods,instrumental analytical techniques,data processing algorithms,and software are gradually expanding the coverage of NTA for diverse PFAS.This review summarizes recent advances in HRMS-based NTA methodologies for PFAS,encompassing sample preparation,separation techniques,HRMS instrument and data acquisition modes,PFAS screening strategies,and NTA data processing approaches.Furthermore,the review discusses the current challenges and prospects of PFAS NTA,such as an in-depth exploration of gas chromatography-HRMS(GC-HRMS)applications in NTA,and the utilization of machine learning(ML)models for efficient processing of complex NTA datasets.Addressing these challenges will significantly enhance the accuracy and efficiency of PFAS identification in the environment,providing a scientific basis for the regulation and control of PFAS in the future.展开更多
Although per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)have been frequently linked to cardiovascular and renal disease separately,evidence remains scarce regarding their systematic effect.Therefore,we recruited 546 newly di...Although per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)have been frequently linked to cardiovascular and renal disease separately,evidence remains scarce regarding their systematic effect.Therefore,we recruited 546 newly diagnosed acute coronary syndrome(ACS)patients and detected seven myocardial enzymes and six kidney function biomarkers.Twelve PFASwere also assessedwith ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Generalized linear model and restricted cubic spline model were applied to single pollutant analysis.Quantile g-computation was used for mixture analysis.Network model was utilized to identify central and bridge nodes of pollutants and phenotypes.In the present study,perfluorohexane sulfonic acid was positively associated with uric acid(UA)(β=0.04,95%confidence interval(CI):0.01,0.07),and perfluorobutanoic acid was negatively associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate(β=-0.04,95%CI:-0.07,-0.01)but positively associated with UA(β=0.03,95%CI:0.01,0.06).In mixture analysis,each quantile increase in the PFAS mixture was significantly associated with UA(β=0.08,95%CI:0.04,0.11).Network analysis revealed that perfluorooctanoate,UA,and myoglobin were denoted as bridge nodes,and the first principal component of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-myocardial band was identified as the node with the highest strength and expected influence.This study investigates the systematic impact of PFAS exposure through cardiorenal interaction network,which highlights that PFAS may serve as an upstream approach in UA-modulated cardiorenal network to affect cardiorenal system comprehensively.展开更多
Reclaimed water for irrigation or hydroponic cultivation provides exposure pathways for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)to enter the human food chain.This study employed hydroponic methods to investigate the b...Reclaimed water for irrigation or hydroponic cultivation provides exposure pathways for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)to enter the human food chain.This study employed hydroponic methods to investigate the behavior of legacy PFAS and emerging chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids(Cl-PFESAs)in lettuce grown under environment-related exposure levels and assessed the human exposure risks from consuming contaminated lettuce.Overall,PFAS in lettuce were concentration-dependent,with long-chain PFAS tending to accumulate in roots and short-chain PFAS accumulating more in shoots.The enrichment of PFAS in lettuce was jointly influenced by their chain length and polar functional groups.Specifically,the root concentration factors(RCFs)of PFAS generally increased with increasing chain length,and RCF values of most perfluoroalkanesulfonic acids(PFSAs)were significantly higher than those of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs)with the same chain length(p<0.01),while the translocation factors(TFs)exhibited opposite trends.RCF values of perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)and its alternatives,Cl-PFESAs,were ranked as follows:8:2 Cl-PFESA(mean:139)>6:2 Cl-PFESA(28.6)>PFOS(25.7),which was attributed to the increased molecular size and hydrophobicity resulting from the insertion of ether bonds and additional CF2 in 8:2 Cl-PFESA.Notably,TF value of 8:2 Cl-PFESA(mean:0.007)was the smallest among all PFAS,indicating 8:2 Cl-PFESA was difficult to transfer to nutritional compartments.Adults and children would exceed the most conservative health-based reference dose(RfD)by consuming approximately 15.9–148 g and 7.92–74.0 g of contaminated lettuce per day,implying high health risks.展开更多
基金The Medical Discipline Construction Program of Shanghai Pudong New Area Health Commission(the Specialty Program)(No.PWZzb2022-09).
文摘Objective To analyse trends in mental and substance use disorders among Asian children aged 5–14 years,identify key risk factors(eg,bullying,abuse,lead exposure)and compare gender/age disparities using Global Burden of Disease(GBD)2021 data.Design Cross-sectional analysis of the GBD 2021 database,focusing on prevalence,disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)and risk factor associations.Setting Population-based study across Asian countries,examining the burdens of mental health,especially substance use disorders in high-prevalence regions.Participants Children aged 5–14 years in Asia,with gender-stratified subgroups(boys vs girls).Result Anxiety,conduct disorders and autism were primary contributors to mental health burdens.Substance use disorders,though less prevalent,rose notably among boys.Girls showed higher burdens of anxiety/depressive disorders.Bullying and childhood abuse were strongly linked to these conditions.Gender disparities in DALYs highlighted boys’vulnerability to substance use and girls to internalising disorders.Conclusion Urgent,region-specific interventions are needed to address bullying,lead exposure and abuse,with gender-sensitive strategies.The study calls for targeted research and policies to mitigate rising mental health challenges in Asian children.
文摘I applaud Adekeye AP and the journal for publishing‘Smoking of Carica papaya in Nigeria:The rationale,the public health effects and policies for intervention’.It is important to draw attention to newly recognised uses of substances which might alter perception,mood,and/or behaviour.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.42077299,and U21A20290)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0750400)the Ordos Key Research and Development Program(No.YF20240037).
文摘Persistent toxic substances(PTS)represent a paramount environmental issue in the 21st century.Understanding the concentrations and forms of PTS in the environment is crucial for accurately assessing their environmental health impacts.This article presents a concise overview of the components of PTS,pertinent environmental regulations,and conventional detection methodologies.Additionally,we offer an in-depth review of the principles,development,and practical applications of surface-enhanced Raman scattering(SERS)in environmental monitoring,emphasizing the advancements in detecting trace amounts of PTS in complex environmental matrices.Recent progress in enhancing SERS sensitivity,improving selectivity,and practical implementations are detailed,showcasing innovative materials and methods.Integrating SERS with advanced algorithms are highlighted as pivotal areas for future research.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.32171623 and 31770548)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Nos.2016YFD0800306 and 2017YFD0800305).
文摘Arsenic(As)pollution seriously threatens human and ecological health.Microalgal cell wall and extracellular polymeric substances(EPS)are known to interactwith As,but their roles in the As resistance,accumulation and speciation inmicroalgae remain unclear.Here,we used two strains of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii,namely CC-125(wild type)and CC-503(cell walldeficientmutant),to examine the algal growth,EPS synthesis,As adsorption,absorption and transformation under 10–1000μg/L As(III)and As(V)treatments for 96 h.In both strains,the As absorption increased after the EPS removal,but the growth,As adsorption,and transformation of C.reinhardtii declined.The CC-125 strain was more tolerant to As stress and more efficient in EPS production,As accumulation,and redox transformation than CC-503,irrespective of EPS presence or absence.Three-dimension excitation-emission matrix(3DEEM)and attenuated total reflectance infrared spectroscopy(ATR-IR)analyses showed that As was bound with functional groups in the EPS and cell wall,such as-COOH,NH and-OH in proteins,polysaccharides and amino acids.Together,this study demonstrated that EPS and cell wall acted as barriers to lower the As uptake by C.reinhardtii.However,the cell wall mutant strain wasmore susceptible to As toxicity due to lower EPS induction and higher As absorption.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0750000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52270012 and 52470018)the Ministry of Science and Technology of China(Nos.2022YFC3203705 and2021YFC3200904)。
文摘Due to their persistence,bioaccumulation,and resistance to degradation,perfluorinated substances(PFASs)have significant impacts on the environment and human health.This study comprehensively analyzed and assessed the occurrence characteristics,sources,and potential ecological risks of 13 PFASs in the Yangtze River.The results indicated that the concentrations ofΣPFASs range from 5.1 to 57.7 ng/L,with more severe pollution downstream and perfluorobutane sulfonate(PFBuS)being the main pollutant.ΣPFASs showed a positive correlation with total organic carbon and absorbance under the condition of UV wavelength 254 nm(UV_(254)),and a negative correlation with total dissolved solids.Positive matrix factorization model analysis revealed that the primary sources of PFASs in the study area are food packaging,the electroplating industry,and the manufacturing and processing of fluoropolymer-containing products.The total ecological risk value of PFASs indicated that the ecological risks to algae,invertebrates,and fish are negligible.The annual load of ΣPFASs in the Yangtze River was 39.00 t,with the highest concentrations of pollutants being PFBuS(26.41 t/year),perfluorobutanoic acid(6.47 t/year),and perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA,3.19t/year).While PFASs have not yet posed a risk to aquatic organisms,the increase in the use of short-chain PFASs substitutes(C4-C7)due to the regulation of PFOA and perfluorooctane sulfonate highlights the need for continued monitoring of short-chain PFASs pollution.
文摘Spider mites are significant pests in agricultural production.The increasing resistance of spider mites,along with environmental pollution and ecological imbalance caused by their control,is primarily attributed to the long-term use of chemical acaricides in agriculture.In contrast,bioactive substances of biological origin offer advantages such as wide availability,environmental friendliness,and low tendency to induce resistance,making them a research hotspot for spider mite control.This review summarizes recent advances in the use of plant-derived active compounds(exemplified by extracts from Veratrum rhizomes),RNA interference(RNAi)technology,and microorganism-derived active substances for controlling spider mites.These bioactive agents exert acaricidal effects by disrupting the nervous system,interfering with metabolic processes,or silencing key genes in mites,demonstrating favorable efficacy and considerable potential for development.However,challenges remain,including poor environmental stability,slow action,high production costs,and insufficient understanding of their effects on non-target organisms.Therefore,future research should focus on the screening and development of novel bioactive substances of biological origin,elucidation of their mechanisms of action,optimization of formulation technologies,and assessment of their ecological safety.These efforts will provide valuable insights for promoting the advancement of bioactive substances and supporting sustainable agricultural development.
文摘Purpose: The aim of the study was to investigate the profile of psychoactive substance users in Senegal from 2018 to 2022. Methodology: These were retrospective descriptive studies of patient consultation and hospitalization records in the 17 psychiatric and addictology care centers in Senegal from 2018 to 2022. This was an exhaustive survey. All usable consultation and hospitalization registers were included in the study. Non-usable consultation and hospitalization registers were not included. Data were collected from January 1 to December 31 of each respective year. Data were cleaned using Excel before analysis. R software version 4.3.3 was used for analysis. Results: Between 2018 and 2022, 26,029 patients were registered in mental health facilities in Senegal. The Fann Psychiatry Department (CHNU Fann) admitted 23.2% of patients and the Thiaroye National Psychiatric Hospital registered 17.6% of drug users. For the year 2019, we found 8259 and in 2021, we had 6607 patients. The male gender was more represented with 14,750 patients, or 90.9%. The age group [25 - 34] was the majority (7013 patients or 39.5%). The majority of patients (17,425 patients, or 84.6%) were followed as outpatients. The drugs were mainly inhaled (96.7%). The most consumed substance was cannabis with 8847 patients, or 54.2%. Withdrawal was the main reason for treatment, 11,614 patients, or 85.7%. Conclusion: In the light of the results of our study, we can say that the use of psychoactive substances is a real public health and development problem in Senegal. The peaks in psychoactive substance consumption preceded the peaks in psychiatric care centers, so we need to promote information, education and communication on the harmful effects of psychoactive substance consumption among the population in general and young people in particular, in order to safeguard the country’s development.
基金supported by the Ministry of Education of the Republic of Korea and the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF-2024S1A5A2A03040479)。
文摘Background:With growing concerns about the abuse of prescription and over-the-counter(OTC)medications,such as medications for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder(ADHD),diet pills,and sleep aids,among adolescents in South Korea,this study aimed to investigated how these substances affect key aspects of adolescent well-being,specifically school satisfaction,body image,and sleep quality,and their association with mental health outcomes.Methods:A two-wave longitudinal survey was conducted with Korean female high school students(Wave 1:n=494;Wave 2:n=189).Linear regression analyses were used to evaluate the effects of ADHD medications,diet pills,and sleep aids on changes in school satisfaction,body image,and sleep quality,respectively.We also examined the relationship between these outcomes and mental health indicators,including depression,anxiety,stress,and somatic symptoms.Results:In line with the Self-Medication Hypothesis,which suggests that substances may fail to alleviate stress or improve well-being,the use of ADHD medications was associated with a decrease in school satisfaction,diet pill use was not significantly associated with changes in body image,and sleep aid use was not significantly associated with changes in sleep quality.Poor school satisfaction,body image,and sleep quality were associated with negative mental health outcomes.Conclusion:These findings suggest that ADHD medications,diet pills,and sleep aids may not effectively improve school satisfaction,body image,or sleep quality,and could potentially exacerbate mental health challenges.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52378321 and 52079003).
文摘Based on the energy dissipation caused by consolidation deformation of the porous media under external force and migration of the internal suspended substances,a coupled multiphase-substance flow(CMF)model was established.This model introduced the new concepts,such as particle temperature and particle entropy,to describe energy dissipation at meso-level.This model used a potential energy density function and migration coefficients to establish the corresponding connection between the dissipative force and dissipative flow.This viewpoint unifies the deformation,seepage,and suspended substance migration of geotechnical materials under the framework of granular thermodynamics.It can reflect the evolution of effective stress in the solid matrix of multi-components in a particle-reorganized state,and considers the temperature driving effect.The proposed CMF model is validated using the experimental results under coupled migration of heavy metal ions(HMs)and suspended particles(SPs).The calculation results demonstrated that the CMF model can describe the flow process under the conditions of arbitrary changes in different suspended substance types,injection concentrations,and injection velocities.
文摘Introduction Tobacco and other substance co-use has not been examined in adolescent and young adult(AYA)cancer survivors.We compared the prevalence of past-month co-use of tobacco+cannabis,alcohol and illicit drugs between AYAs with and without a cancer history and considered associations between co-use and nicotine dependence in AYA cancer survivors who use tobacco,exploring if past-year major depression moderates this relationship.Methods 2015–2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data were used to analyse past-month co-use in 7793 AYAs(228 with cancer;7565 without cancer).Weighted univariable and multivariable logistic regression models estimated associations between cancer history and co-use and co-use with nicotine dependence(among AYA cancer survivors)incorporating moderation by major depression.Results AYA cancer survivors had lower reported past-month cannabis co-use than those without cancer(29%vs 39%),but cancer history was not associated with cannabis co-use in multivariable models(adjusted OR(aOR):0.83,95%CI=0.54,1.28).When AYA cancer survivors who use tobacco had major depression,alcohol co-use was associated with lower rates of nicotine dependence(aOR=0.08,95%CI=0.01,0.53).Conclusions There are high rates of substance co-use among AYAs who use tobacco,consistent across cancer history.Unlike previous research,alcohol co-use was associated with lower rates of nicotine dependence,but only for those with major depression.This finding could be related to neurochemical dysregulation due to co-use and warrants further exploration.Future research should also examine more nuanced definitions of substance use including modes,patterns and initiation of use,and explore motivation to change tobacco behaviour in AYA cancer survivor populations.
文摘In this article,we comment on the article by Zhang et al,which explores the familiarity,awareness,and usage of smart medical care and its correlation with mental health and personality traits.The use of intelligent healthcare technologies in treating mental disorders and substance use disorders shows significant promise,but involves certain challenges,such as limited access,low technological literacy,and privacy concerns.These barriers disproportionately affect deprived populations and individuals with severe mental health conditions.We highlight the positive impact of smart healthcare solutions,such as telemedicine and wearable technologies,on patient engagement,remote monitoring,and treatment adherence.To overcome these challenges,we propose strategies,such as improving user-friendliness,ensuring equitable access to digital interventions,enhancing cybersecurity,and integrating smart healthcare into clinical workflows.Training healthcare providers and developing policies to ensure the ethical use of patient data are essential.When implemented thoughtfully,smart healthcare technologies can revolutionize mental health and substance use disorder treatment,improve patient outcomes,and reduce healthcare inequities.
文摘Work-related stress has become an alarming reality that continues to intensify over the past decades. The pressure exerted by the work environment demands the utilization of defensive and coping strategies to deal with it. Our study aims to explore the relationship between professional stress factors, stress symptoms, and the consumption of psychoactive substances as a defensive and coping strategy deployed to address psychological distress at work. A qualitative and quantitative study was conducted with a sample of 405 employees from a wiring manufacturing. The main professional stress factors identified were concentration, overload, long working hours, and monotony, which showed a significant correlation with PAS consumption. Women were found to be more affected by stress and tended to consume more sedatives. Among the respondents, 21.98% reported PAS consumption, with tobacco being the most commonly used (M = 2.66), followed by alcohol (M = 1.94), cannabis (M = 1.79), and sedatives (M = 1.45). There was a significant positive correlation between PAS consumption and stress symptoms {tobacco (r = 0.232*), alcohol (r = 0.305**), cannabis (r = 0.389**)}.
基金funded by National Natural Science Foundation of China(32360568)Science and Technology Plan Project of Guizhou Province(Qian Ke He Chengguo[2023]Zhongda 011)+2 种基金Guizhou Basic Research Program(Natural Science)Mianshang Project(Qiankehe Basic MS[2025]671)Guizhou Provincial Association of Science and Technology Youth Science and Technology Talent Support Project(GASTYESS202407)Guizhou University Natural Science Specialized(Te Gang)Scientific Research Fund(Gui Da Te Gang He Zi(2022)39).
文摘Fermented sour soup is a unique traditional sour food of the Miao and Dong ethnic groups in China.However,due to the commonly used traditional fermentation,the unstable fluctuation of microbial community often leads to some unpleasant inherent off-flavours in rice sour soup.In this study,the microbial composition and volatile flavour components of off-flavour and normal rice sour soup were examined by high-throughput sequencing and headspace solid-phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography mass spectrometry.Then,based on Pearson correlation coefficients,the correlations between fungi and bacteria and those between core microorganisms and key volatile flavour components were investigated.The dominant fungal genera included Candida,Dekkera,Pichia,Rhizopus,and Issatchenkia,whereas the dominant bacterial genera included Lactobacillus,Pectinatus,Bifidobacterium,Pseudomonas,and Acetobacter.Compared to normal rice sour soup,off-flavoured rice sour soup contained the significantly increased relative abundance of Candida and the significantly decreased relative abundance of Dkkera.In addition,80 volatile flavour compounds detected in off-flavoured rice sour soup,mainly including esters,acids,and alcohols,were different from those detected in normal rice sour soup.Especially,some substances were only detected in off-flavoured rice sour soup,such as 1-hexanol(68-207μg/kg),butyric acid(20-92μg/kg)and heptanoic acid(12-45μg/kg),which might be the main source of off-flavours.These results provide new ideas and strategies of removing or abating odour from fermented rice sour soup.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(No.2021YFC2700605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82071700 and 82101679)+4 种基金333 High-level Talent Training Project of the Jiangsu Province((2022)3-16-425)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20220317)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent(2022ZB414)the Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China(22KJB330001)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2022M711673).
文摘Objective To investigate the associations between eight serum per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)and regional fat depots,we analyzed the data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey(NHANES)2011-2018 cycles.Methods Multiple linear regression models were developed to explore the associations between serum PFAS concentrations and six fat compositions along with a fat distribution score created by summing the concentrations of the six fat compositions.The associations between structurally grouped PFASs and fat distribution were assessed,and a prediction model was developed to estimate the ability of PFAS exposure to predict obesity risk.Results Among females aged 39-59 years,trunk fat mass was positively associated with perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS).Higher concentrations of PFOS,perfluorohexane sulfonate(PFHxS),perfluorodecanoate(PFDeA),perfluorononanoate(PFNA),and n-perfluorooctanoate(n-PFOA)were linked to greater visceral adipose tissue in this group.In men,exposure to total perfluoroalkane sulfonates(PFSAs)and long-chain PFSAs was associated with reductions in abdominal fat,while higher abdominal fat in women aged 39-59 years was associated with short-chain PFSAs.The prediction model demonstrated high accuracy,with an area under the curve(AUC)of 0.9925 for predicting obesity risk.Conclusion PFAS exposure is associated with regional fat distribution,with varying effects based on age,sex,and PFAS structure.The findings highlight the potential role of PFAS exposure in influencing fat depots and obesity risk,with significant implications for public health.The prediction model provides a highly accurate tool for assessing obesity risk related to PFAS exposure.
基金supported by the Key Research and Development Plan of Zhejiang Province(No.2021C03176)Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.LY23B070001)+2 种基金the Key Laboratory of Pollution Exposure and Health Intervention of Zhejiang Province(No.20230009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22106032)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0750000).
文摘Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)can induce a range of adverse health effects,with the precise molecularmechanisms remaining elusive.Extracellular vesicles(EVs)have demonstrated their potential to elucidate unknown molecular mechanisms.Building upon the close alignment of their biological functions with the observed health effects of PFASs,this study innovatively focuses on proteomic insights from EVs into the molecular mechanisms underlying the systemic health effects of PFASs.Through rat exposure experiments and proteomics technology,it not only demonstrated the occurrence of PFASs in EVs but also revealed the alterations in the serum EVs and the expression of their protein cargos following mixed exposure to PFASs,leading to changes in related pathways.These changes encompass various biological processes,including proteasome activity,immune response,cytoskeletal organization,oxidative stress,cell signaling,and nervous system function.Particularly noteworthy is the uncovering of the activation of the proteasome pathway,highlighting significant key contributing proteins.These novel findings provide a new perspective for exploring the molecularmechanism underlying the systemic health effects of PFASs and offer reliable screening for potential biomarkers.Additionally,comparisons with serum confirmed the potential of serum EVs as biological responders and measurable endpoints for evaluating PFASs-induced toxicity.
基金supported by Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(NO.JCYJ20210324094000001).
文摘Perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs)pollution with their toxicity,carcinogenicity,and persistence has been concerned worldwide.Research into novel materials for detecting and removing PFASs has increased rapidly,particularly in regard to the emergence of well-characterized single-atom materials(SAMs).Owing to the high selectivity,high atom utilization,and abundant active sites of SAMs,these materials exhibit remarkable efficacy in the detection and removal of PFASs.In this work,recent advances in the synthesis of SAMs for the detection and removal PFASs are reviewed.In-depth discussions of the structure-activity relationship and reaction mechanisms have demonstrated the high efficiency,activity,and selectivity of SAMs for the detection,adsorption,and degradation of PFASs.To optimize the application of SAMs in PFASs remediation,this review comprehensively surveys SAMs applications for PFASs and analyzes potential design strategies based on synthesis methods and corresponding properties.Synthesis strategies such as wet-chemistry,which offer ease of operation and high potential for large-scale production,are recommended for the further exploration of specific SAMs for the detection and removal of PFASs.Finally,this review identifies the challenges and opportunities for development of SAMs for the detection and remediation of PFASs,providing an outlook on strategic goals for a green economy and sustainable development.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22176112 and 42307134)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(No.ZR2021MD028)the Natural Science Foundation of Qingdao(No.23–2-1–74-zyyd-jch).
文摘The optical absorption of large molecular compounds HULIS(humic-like substances)can significantly impact the aerosol light absorption and radiative forcing,influencing cloud condensation nuclei formation and thus the climate and atmospheric environment.This study collected aerosol(PM_(2.5))samples from the summit of Mount Tai in North China to investigate the concentration,molecular composition,and optical properties of HULIS.The average concentration of HULIS in the PM_(2.5) in this study was 1.26±0.54μg/m^(3),comprising for 56%of the water-soluble organic carbon(WSOC),with levels lower than urban areas but higher than other mountainous regions.Mass spectrometry revealed that CHO and CHON components,with high aromaticity and phenolic groups,are major contributors to absorption and fluorescence.These results indicate that HULIS is mainly composed of lignin and proteins/amino sugars,derived from combustion and secondary formation,and possesses a high light absorption capacity(withMAE365(mass absorption efficiency)and AAE(A˚ngstrom exponent)indices of 0.62m^(2)/g and 4.99,respectively).Parallel factor analysis identified three fluorescence components of HULIS,with proportions of 60.8%for less oxygen humic-like substances,21.0%for high oxygen humic-like substances,and 18.2%for protein-like substances.Our study highlights the significance of the light-absorbing capacity and secondary formation of HULIS at Mount Tai,laying the groundwork for investigation into the climate effects,formation mechanisms,and sources of HULIS generation.
基金jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22320102005,22036007)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0750200)+1 种基金the Provincial Key Laboratory Innovation Research Center Construction Project(ZCX202401)the Zhejiang Provincial Research Institute Support Fund Project in 2025。
文摘The escalating diversity of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS),arising from both intentional synthesis and inadvertent generation and release,has led to increasingly complex environmental PFAS compositions.In recent years,unknown PFAS have been frequently identified in the environment.However,the structural diversity and lack of corresponding reference standards pose significant challenges for the detection and identification of PFAS.Traditional targeted screening methods are often inadequate for detecting these compounds,making nontargeted analysis(NTA)using high-resolution mass spectrometry(HRMS)essential for identifying unknown or suspected contaminants.Nevertheless,existing NTA techniques still face limitations in comprehensively characterizing the full spectrum of PFAS in the environment.Continuous optimization and development of sample preparation methods,instrumental analytical techniques,data processing algorithms,and software are gradually expanding the coverage of NTA for diverse PFAS.This review summarizes recent advances in HRMS-based NTA methodologies for PFAS,encompassing sample preparation,separation techniques,HRMS instrument and data acquisition modes,PFAS screening strategies,and NTA data processing approaches.Furthermore,the review discusses the current challenges and prospects of PFAS NTA,such as an in-depth exploration of gas chromatography-HRMS(GC-HRMS)applications in NTA,and the utilization of machine learning(ML)models for efficient processing of complex NTA datasets.Addressing these challenges will significantly enhance the accuracy and efficiency of PFAS identification in the environment,providing a scientific basis for the regulation and control of PFAS in the future.
基金supported by the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2023M730317 and 2023T160066)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.3332023042)+3 种基金the Open Project of Hebei Key Laboratory of Environment and Human Health(No.202301)the Programs of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21976050)the Science and Technology Program of Hebei Province(No.21377779D)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(No.B2020206008).
文摘Although per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)have been frequently linked to cardiovascular and renal disease separately,evidence remains scarce regarding their systematic effect.Therefore,we recruited 546 newly diagnosed acute coronary syndrome(ACS)patients and detected seven myocardial enzymes and six kidney function biomarkers.Twelve PFASwere also assessedwith ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.Generalized linear model and restricted cubic spline model were applied to single pollutant analysis.Quantile g-computation was used for mixture analysis.Network model was utilized to identify central and bridge nodes of pollutants and phenotypes.In the present study,perfluorohexane sulfonic acid was positively associated with uric acid(UA)(β=0.04,95%confidence interval(CI):0.01,0.07),and perfluorobutanoic acid was negatively associated with estimated glomerular filtration rate(β=-0.04,95%CI:-0.07,-0.01)but positively associated with UA(β=0.03,95%CI:0.01,0.06).In mixture analysis,each quantile increase in the PFAS mixture was significantly associated with UA(β=0.08,95%CI:0.04,0.11).Network analysis revealed that perfluorooctanoate,UA,and myoglobin were denoted as bridge nodes,and the first principal component of lactate dehydrogenase and creatine kinase-myocardial band was identified as the node with the highest strength and expected influence.This study investigates the systematic impact of PFAS exposure through cardiorenal interaction network,which highlights that PFAS may serve as an upstream approach in UA-modulated cardiorenal network to affect cardiorenal system comprehensively.
基金supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for Central Non-profit Scientific Institution(No.1610132022015)the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDB0750200)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22176198).
文摘Reclaimed water for irrigation or hydroponic cultivation provides exposure pathways for per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFAS)to enter the human food chain.This study employed hydroponic methods to investigate the behavior of legacy PFAS and emerging chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids(Cl-PFESAs)in lettuce grown under environment-related exposure levels and assessed the human exposure risks from consuming contaminated lettuce.Overall,PFAS in lettuce were concentration-dependent,with long-chain PFAS tending to accumulate in roots and short-chain PFAS accumulating more in shoots.The enrichment of PFAS in lettuce was jointly influenced by their chain length and polar functional groups.Specifically,the root concentration factors(RCFs)of PFAS generally increased with increasing chain length,and RCF values of most perfluoroalkanesulfonic acids(PFSAs)were significantly higher than those of perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids(PFCAs)with the same chain length(p<0.01),while the translocation factors(TFs)exhibited opposite trends.RCF values of perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS)and its alternatives,Cl-PFESAs,were ranked as follows:8:2 Cl-PFESA(mean:139)>6:2 Cl-PFESA(28.6)>PFOS(25.7),which was attributed to the increased molecular size and hydrophobicity resulting from the insertion of ether bonds and additional CF2 in 8:2 Cl-PFESA.Notably,TF value of 8:2 Cl-PFESA(mean:0.007)was the smallest among all PFAS,indicating 8:2 Cl-PFESA was difficult to transfer to nutritional compartments.Adults and children would exceed the most conservative health-based reference dose(RfD)by consuming approximately 15.9–148 g and 7.92–74.0 g of contaminated lettuce per day,implying high health risks.
